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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gravel-bed river

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Academic literature on the topic 'Gravel-bed river'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gravel-bed river"

1

Hauer, F. Richard, Harvey Locke, Victoria J. Dreitz, Mark Hebblewhite, Winsor H. Lowe, Clint C. Muhlfeld, Cara R. Nelson, Michael F. Proctor, and Stewart B. Rood. "Gravel-bed river floodplains are the ecological nexus of glaciated mountain landscapes." Science Advances 2, no. 6 (June 2016): e1600026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600026.

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Gravel-bed river floodplains in mountain landscapes disproportionately concentrate diverse habitats, nutrient cycling, productivity of biota, and species interactions. Although stream ecologists know that river channel and floodplain habitats used by aquatic organisms are maintained by hydrologic regimes that mobilize gravel-bed sediments, terrestrial ecologists have largely been unaware of the importance of floodplain structures and processes to the life requirements of a wide variety of species. We provide insight into gravel-bed rivers as the ecological nexus of glaciated mountain landscapes. We show why gravel-bed river floodplains are the primary arena where interactions take place among aquatic, avian, and terrestrial species from microbes to grizzly bears and provide essential connectivity as corridors for movement for both aquatic and terrestrial species. Paradoxically, gravel-bed river floodplains are also disproportionately unprotected where human developments are concentrated. Structural modifications to floodplains such as roads, railways, and housing and hydrologic-altering hydroelectric or water storage dams have severe impacts to floodplain habitat diversity and productivity, restrict local and regional connectivity, and reduce the resilience of both aquatic and terrestrial species, including adaptation to climate change. To be effective, conservation efforts in glaciated mountain landscapes intended to benefit the widest variety of organisms need a paradigm shift that has gravel-bed rivers and their floodplains as the central focus and that prioritizes the maintenance or restoration of the intact structure and processes of these critically important systems throughout their length and breadth.

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2

Duizendstra, H. D., and M. E. Nieuwenhuijzen. "Ecological rehabilitation and morphological impact of gravel extraction in the river meuse." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 8 (April 1, 1995): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0329.

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For the gravel bed river, the Grensmaas, plans have been made by which extraction of gravel and ecological rehabilitation of the river will be combined. One way to study the morphological changes, the time scale of these changes and the expected ecological rehabilitation is to study gravel bed rivers with approximately the same morphological characteristics as the future Grensmaas. Since scale models in nature of the future Grensmaas do not exist, selection criteria of reference rivers have to be modified. The results of the reference investigation will be different and the interpretation will be much more complicated. An important morphological parameter is the (yearly) sediment transport. A method to measure sediment transport during high discharges is described and tested.

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3

Zhu, Ling Ling, and Hua Ge. "Balance Adjustment of the Gravel-Sand River Downstream Reservoir." Applied Mechanics and Materials 444-445 (October 2013): 1218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.1218.

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In this article, the typical phenomenon of bed armoring was firstly summarized based on both the field and experiment data, and then followed by the analysis on its internal influence on the reformation process to the balance status for the gravel-sand rivers. It was pointed out that this phenomenon is caused by the chosen of the flow, that the finer sediment particles are washed away and the coarser ones are left on the river bed surface. This phenomenon firstly restricts the start of the sediment particles on the bed surface, secondly increases the river bed surface resistance and reduces the flow velocity. The comprehensive effect of these two aspects leads to the final balance status for the gravel-sand river.

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4

Guerit, L., L. Barrier, C. Narteau, F. Métivier, Y. Liu, E. Lajeunesse, E. Gayer, P. Meunier, L. Malverti, and B. Ye. "The Grain-size Patchiness of Braided Gravel-Bed Streams – example of the Urumqi River (northeast Tian Shan, China)." Advances in Geosciences 37 (February 11, 2014): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-37-27-2014.

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Abstract. In gravel-bed rivers, sediments are often sorted into patches of different grain-sizes, but in braided streams, the link between this sorting and the channel morpho-sedimentary elements is still unclear. In this study, the size of the bed sediment in the shallow braided gravel-bed Urumqi River is characterized by surface-count and volumetric sampling methods. Three morpho-sedimentary elements are identified in the active threads of the river: chutes at flow constrictions, which pass downstream to anabranches and bars at flow expansions. The surface and surface-layer grain-size distributions of these three elements show that they correspond to only two kinds of grain-size patches: (1) coarse-grained chutes, coarser than the bulk river bed, and (2) finer-grained anabranches and bars, consistent with the bulk river bed. In cross-section, the chute patches are composed of one coarse-grained top layer, which can be interpreted as a local armour layer overlying finer deposits. In contrast, the grain size of the bar-anabranch patches is finer and much more homogeneous in depth than the chute patches. Those patches, which are features of lateral and vertical sorting associated to the transport dynamics that build braided patterns, may be typical of active threads in shallow gravel-bed rivers and should be considered in future works on sorting processes and their geomorphologic and stratigraphic results.

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5

Gorczyca, Elżbieta, Kazimierz Krzemień, and Krzysztof Jarzyna. "The Evolution of Gravel-Bed Rivers during the Post-Regulation Period in the Polish Carpathians." Water 12, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010254.

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This study provides a conceptual model of the functioning of gravel-bed rivers during the post-regulation period in Poland and forecasts their subsequent evolution. The main difference between fluvial processes during the pre-regulation and post-regulation period is that they are limited to a zone that is currently several times narrower and trapped in a deep-cut channel. During the river post-regulation period, the construction of additional river training works was significantly limited in river channels. Moreover, all forms of economic activity were significantly reduced in the channel free migration zone, particularly bed gravel extraction operations. As a result of these changes, a limited recovery of the functioning and hydromorphology of the river channel occurred via a return to conditions in effect prior to river regulation. In recovering sections of river, the channel gradually broadens, and its sinuosity and number of threads increase. The overall process can be called spontaneous renaturalization, which yields a characteristic post-regulation river channel. The conceptual model was developed on the basis of the evolution of the gravel-bed river, the Raba River, during the post-regulation period in the Polish Carpathian Mountains.

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6

Afzalimehr, Hossein, Mohammad Reza Maddahi, and Jueyi Sui. "Bedform characteristics in a gravel-bed river." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 65, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2017-0023.

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AbstractEstimation of hydraulic and geometric parameters of a gravel-bed river such as dimensions of bedforms is very difficult task, although they play a fundamental role in river engineering projects. One of the methods to get essential information regarding the bedform characteristics is to find the relations between the flow parameters and bedform dimensions. We conducted this field study in the Babolroud River in northern Iran to investigate the application of double averaged method in unspecific gravel bedforms to evaluate friction factor. Using data collected from several river reaches with total length of 356 m of a gravel-bed river, the relationship between bedform geometry (height and the length of bedforms) and flow parameters including shear velocity, transport stage parameter with friction factor is investigated. Different methods for estimating bedforms dimensions are examined to assess the ability of predicting bedform parameters (length and height) in a gravel-bed river. Using bedform parameters, the contribution of particle and form friction is estimated. Results confirm the application of the double averaged method and existing bedform parameters for unspecific bedforms. There exists a similar trend between aspect ratio and friction factor in gravel bedforms.

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7

Glasbergen, K., M. Stone, B. Krishnappan, J. Dixon, and U. Silins. "The effect of coarse gravel on cohesive sediment entrapment in an annular flume." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 367 (March 3, 2015): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-367-157-2015.

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Abstract. While cohesive sediment generally represents a small fraction (<0.5%) of the total sediment mass stored in gravel-bed rivers, it can strongly influence physical and biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone and alter aquatic habitat. This research was conducted to examine mechanisms governing the interaction of cohesive sediments with gravel beds in the Elbow River, Alberta, Canada. A series of erosion and deposition experiments with and without a gravel bed were conducted in a 5-m diameter annular flume. The critical shear stress for deposition and erosion of cohesive sediment without gravel was 0.115 Pa and 0.212 Pa, respectively. In experiments with a gravel bed, cohesive sediment moved from the water column into the gravel bed via the coupling of surface and pore water flow. Once in the gravel bed, cohesive sediments were not mobilized under the maximum applied shear stresses (1.11 Pa) used in the experiment. The gravel bed had an entrapment coefficient (ratio between the entrapment flux and the settling flux) of 0.2. Accordingly, when flow conditions are sufficient to produce a shear stress that will mobilize the armour layer of the gravel bed (>16 Pa), cohesive materials trapped within the gravel bed will be entrained and transported into the Glenmore Reservoir, where sediment-associated nutrients may pose treatment challenges to the drinking water supply.

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Adams, David Lawson. "Toward bed state morphodynamics in gravel-bed rivers." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 44, no. 5 (January 30, 2020): 700–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133320900924.

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In fluvial geomorphology, one of the most pervasive paradigms is that the size of the grains present in a river exercises an important effect on its character. In gravel-bed rivers, there is considerable scatter in the relations between so-called “representative grain sizes” and basic channel processes and morphologies. Under a grain size paradigm, our ability to rationalize the characteristics of a given channel and predict how it will respond to a change in conditions is limited. In this paper, I deconstruct this paradigm by exploring its historical origins in geomorphology and fluid dynamics, and identify three of its underlying premises: (1) the association between grain diameter and fluid drag derived from Nikuradse’s experiments with sand-coated surfaces; (2) the use of grain size by early process geomorphologists to describe general trends across large samples of sand-bed rivers; and (3) a classificatory approach to discerning bed structures originally developed for bed configurations found in sand-bed rivers. The conflation of sand- and gravel-bed rivers limits our ability to understand gravel-bed morphodynamics. Longstanding critique of the grain size paradigm has generated alternative ideas but, due to technological and conceptual limitations, they have remained unrealized. One such unrealized idea is the morphology-based definition of bed state – an important degree of freedom within fluvial systems, particularly in reaches where adjustments to planform are not easily achieved. By embracing recent advancements in fluid dynamics and remote sensing, I present an alternative or complementary concept of bed state based on the notion that fluvial systems act to maximize flow resistance. The proposed quantitative index represents the relative contribution of morphologic adjustments occurring at different spatial scales (discriminated using a wavelet transform) to a stable channel configuration. By explicitly acknowledging the complexity of bed adjustments we can move toward a more complete understanding of channel stability in gravel-bed rivers.

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Bui, Van, Minh Bui, and Peter Rutschmann. "Advanced Numerical Modeling of Sediment Transport in Gravel-Bed Rivers." Water 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2019): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030550.

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Understanding the alterations of gravel bed structures, sediment transport, and the effects on aquatic habitat play an essential role in eco-hydraulic and sediment transport management. In recent years, the evaluation of changes of void in bed materials has attracted more concern. However, analyzing the morphological changes and grain size distribution that are associated with the porosity variations in gravel-bed rivers are still challenging. This study develops a new model using a multi-layer’s concept to simulate morphological changes and grain size distribution, taking into account the porosity variabilities in a gravel-bed river based on the mass conservation for each size fraction and the exchange of fine sediments between the surface and subsurface layers. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is applied to model infiltration processes and to confirm the effects of the relative size of fine sediment to gravel on the infiltration depth. Further, the exchange rate and the bed porosity are estimated while using empirical formulae. The new model was tested on three straight channels. Analyzing the calculated results and comparing with the observed data show that the new model can successfully simulate sediment transport, grain sorting processes, and bed change in gravel-bed rivers.

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10

Dingle, Elizabeth H., Hugh D. Sinclair, Jeremy G. Venditti, Mikaël Attal, Tim C. Kinnaird, Maggie Creed, Laura Quick, Jeffrey A. Nittrouer, and Dilip Gautam. "Sediment dynamics across gravel-sand transitions: Implications for river stability and floodplain recycling." Geology 48, no. 5 (February 14, 2020): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46909.1.

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Abstract The gravel-sand transition (GST) is commonly observed along rivers. It is characterized by an abrupt reduction in median grain size, from gravel- to sand-size sediment, and by a shift in sand transport mode from wash load–dominated to suspended bed material load. We documented changes in channel stability, suspended sediment concentration, flux, and grain size across the GST of the Karnali River, Nepal. Upstream of the GST, gravel-bed channels are stable over hundred- to thousand-year time scales. Downstream, floodplain sediment is reworked by lateral bank erosion, particularly during monsoon discharges. Suspended sediment concentration, grain size, and flux reveal counterintuitive increases downstream of the GST. The results demonstrate a dramatic change in channel dynamics across the GST, from relatively fixed, steep gravel-bed rivers with infrequent avulsion to lower-gradient, relatively mobile sand-bed channels. The increase in sediment concentration and near-bed suspended grain size may be caused by enhanced channel mobility, which facilitates exchange between bed and bank material. These results bring new constraints on channel stability at mountain fronts and indicate that temporally and spatially limited sediment flux measurements downstream of GSTs are more indicative of flow stage and floodplain recycling than of continental-scale sediment flux and denudation rate estimates.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gravel-bed river"

1

Meigh, J. R. "Transport of bed material in a gravel-bed river." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382828.

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2

Thoms, Martin C. "Channel sedimentation within urban gravel bed rivers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10844.

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Fine substrate sediments are considered to be important in the management of urban river systems. Urban construction activities have been reported to increase sediment loads causing the temporary siltation of channel substrates within the urban area. Nevertheless fine sediment derived from urban areas frequently carry toxic material well in excess of background concentration levels. While the soluble phase of heavy metals and the importance of their association with suspended sediment has received considerable attention, longer term studies of fine urban river-bed sediments are limited. Furthermore studies of heavy pollutants in active stream sediments, below mine waste tips, have shown the channel substrate can provide a long term store for heavy metals in association with fine sediments. This thesis investigates the variety of impacts that urbanisation has upon the sedimentation of gravel bed rivers. A freeze coring technique and infIltration baskets have been used to study the textural-geochemical properties of fme matrix sediment and its development within an urban river-bed framework, within and below a number of contrasting urban catchments in the U.K. Complex urban hydrological and sedimentological regimes are shown to have a variable influence upon matrix sedimentation. The actual volume of matrix present within the urbanised substrate is influenced by the degree of urbanisation within the catchment. Furthermore this sediment is finer in size and associated heavy metal concentrations are well in excess of natural background levels. Although heavy metal levels do correlate slightly with textural characteristics, the presence of maximum concentrations at depth in the substrate indicate possible mobilisation of metals within the urbanised river-bed. The temporal behaviour of matrix development within an urbanised substrate is shown to differ from natural river-beds. Despite high suspended sediment concentrations the magnitude of the potential rate of supply is lower, by 50 percent, and dominated by organic material. This sediment also contains elevated heavy metal cocnentrations. This contrasts to the inorganic sediment ingress of natural river substrates. It is concluded that fine matrix sediments within urban gravel bed rivers should be at least of concern to public health engineers, water authorities and conservationists.

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3

Gaskin, Janet. "Intensive aDcp Survey of a Gravel-Bed River Confluence." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28738.

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An intensive survey of the high angle asymmetric gravel-bed confluence of the Fraser River Main Channel with Minto Side Channel, downstream of a mid-channel island, was conducted using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (aDcp) during the freshet in June, 2008 at a combined discharge of 7 500 m 3/s. The confluence was characterized by a vertical mixing interface, with the Minto high velocity core being advected downwards in the upstream part of the scour zone; weaker helical flow is evident in the main channel flow as it confines the strongly helical left bank flow. Apparent bed velocity generally followed the thalweg, with the highest values near 0.15 m/s occurring at the edges of the scour zone and along the elongated bed step. In plotted spatial distributions, the areas of high primary bed velocity matched areas of high shear velocity and/or strongly upward vertical flow velocity.

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4

Markham, Andrew James. "Flow and sediment processes in gravel-bed river bends." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308275.

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5

Ashworth, Philip John. "Bedload transport and channel change in gravel-bed rivers." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2555.

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Spatial and temporal variations in channel morphology, near-bed velocity, shear stress, bedload transport rate, pebble tracer movement, and bedload and bed material size distribution were measured in seven different channel patterns in two gravel-bed rivers in the Scottish Highlands (the Dubhaig and Feshie) and a proglacial stream in Norway (the Lyngsdalselva). The results showed that there were discernible links between the channel processes and changes which were consistent for all river types. 169 shear stress estimates from velocity profiles with changing discharge showed that Keller's (1971) velocity-reversal hypothesis holds true in different channel patterns of gravel-bed rivers and can be extended to include subunits of the pool/riffle cycle. At discharges near bankfull there is a decrease in the flow strength and amount of bedload movement from the poolhead down to the pooltail (and then riffle). On a broader scale 72 Helley-Smith bedload samples and the movement of over 3700 pebble tracers showed that the entrainment of different size fractions from heterogeneous bed material is inefficient and is overpredicted by the traditional bedload transport equations. Empirical analyses showed that when the armour is mobile/broken large and small particles have almost equal mobility as first proposed by Parker et al. (1982) and Andrews (1983). However for the majority of flow conditions the armour is static and entrainment is selective to a greater or lesser degree depending on the availability of appropriate-sized sediment at the surface and from bank erosion. The magnitude and direction of flow strength and bedload transport helps to explain the location and mode of channel development as revealed by repeated levelling and mapping. The accelerating convergent/decelerating divergent cells of flow alter the channel morphology in predictable ways. The positions of these cells can change with increasing discharge as the channel becomes generally, rather than locally, competent to move coarse sediment. The rates of bank erosion and volumetric scour and fill decreased from the active multi-braided system through to the stable straight channel type.

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Movafagh, Kerman Soheil. "Mapping three-dimensional velocity in a large gravel-bed river." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27894.

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Three-dimensional images of the boundary, water surface elevation, and velocity vectors in a wandering gravel-bed reach of Fraser River, British Columbia, are prepared. Data were collected through intensive surveying of a 6 km reach using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and Real Time Kinematic GPS (RTK-GPS) mounted on a boat. Nominal channel width was 500 m, and diagonal sections were spaced an average of 120m apart. Using Matlab, binary data in ADCP raw data files are extracted and converted to ASCII format to be usable by Surfer, Tecplot, and other programs. Measured vertical velocities for each single ping ensemble are corrected for boat motion using simultaneous instantaneous change in GPS rover altitude recorded in the navigation data files. Using Surfer, water surface elevation and bottom boundary elevation are interpolated to 25m x 25m grids and combined together to form the boundary of a volume grid. The ASCII files are reformatted in Excel to produce water surface and channel boundary images in Tecplot. The three-dimensional velocity field is interpolated using kriging, and vorticity is calculated based on the velocity field. The error velocity is calculated as well. The high velocity follows the thalweg and reveals the coherence of the interpolated velocity field and the validity of the method. The three-dimensional velocity field and vorticity are analyzed to assess the cause of high bank erosion and sediment transport observed at a particular location. Erosion at this site appears to be related to complicated flow at a channel confluence and 3D vortices produced by flow separation around a riprap nickpoint.

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Clayton, Jordan Arthur. "Sediment transport and channel form in gravel-bed river meanders." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3178363.

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Wild, Michelle Anne. "Growth dynamics of braided gravel-bed river deltas in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Dept of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8456.

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This research has been undertaken to further our knowledge of decade-to-century timescale braided, gravel-bed river delta growth dynamics. The study included: a review of available literature; field studies; the development of microscale models for two study deltas; and the development of a simple numerical model incorporating movement of braided river channels across a delta topset (varying the location of sediment delivery to the delta). Results from the microscale modelling showed that successful physical modelling requires well-defined fixed boundaries and, ideally, good historical aerial photography for the estimation of the model time scale. A complex braided gravel-bed river delta system composed of two merging deltas entering a deep, low-energy receiving basins was able to be successfully modelled to provide valuable information on delta growth dynamics. However, a microscale model of a delta prograding into shallow receiving basins, with a large supply of fine sediment, was more difficult to calibrate and assess (partly due to limited field data), and was considered less reliable. The simple rule-based numerical model ‘DELGROW’, developed to simulate a braided river system entering a deep, low-energy body of water, requires a known sediment supply rate, as well as information on the braided river topography, submerged delta foreset, and lakebed bathymetry. Unlike simple 1-d width-averaged geometric models, DELGROW takes into consideration barriers (e.g. islands) as well as relatively complex converging braided river delta configurations. By changing the sediment supply, or modifying the river system, the response of the river system to various scenarios can also be assessed. Microscale models and DELGROW appear to realistically simulate decade-to-century timescale growth of braided gravel-bed river deltas entering a deep, low-energy, receiving basin. Both of these modelling methods initially use the supplied sediment to try and eliminate any riverbed irregularities (e.g. low areas), before continuing to advance and deposit sediment in a more evenly-distributed manner, whilst taking into consideration irregularities due to barriers, and asymmetric sediment sources such as merging deltas. Neither model can reliably predict locations of bank erosion, or channel avulsions that divert flow and sediment outside of the fixed model boundaries.

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Harris, T. R. J. "Gravel-bed stability and water quality variation in a lowland stream." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283968.

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Milan, David John. "Sand and gravel transport through a riffle-pool sequence." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3146.

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This study focuses upon flow hydraulics, sediment transport and riffle-pool maintenance on the River Rede, Northumberland, UK. Analysis of bed structure indicate pools to be coarser than riffles, suggesting these to be zones of maximum tractive force at high flow. Tractive force reversal can be demonstrated using a combination of velocity, shear stress and gravel tracer data, and is therefore advocated as a mechanism for maintaining the riffle-pool form. Three dimensional flow structures are likely to increase the likelihood of reversal in pools situated on bends, which may not always be detected using one-dimensional measures of flow hydraulics. Magnetic tracing and basket trapping techniques were used to provide an insight into rates of movement, accumulation, initial motion criteria and routing, of sand. Sand is transported selectively and is mobilised at between 11-22 Nm⁻². Deposition of sub 2mm material is prevalent on morphological high points (bars/riffle margins), although greatest quantities were routed through morphological lows. Freeze core evidence shows limited intragravel storage. Gravel tracer movements showed evidence of size selective entrainment overall, however hiding effects were also found to be evident at two scales; 30-50mm and 110-140mm (for riffles) and 20- 90mm and 11O-140mm for pool. Slope exponents for log-log relations between scaled grain size (D/D₅₀) versus dimensionless shear stress (Өc) of ≈-0.9 suggest that hiding strongly influences sediment transport. Stream power estimates from pgQs demonstrate a higher threshold for motion for gravel in pools (132 Wm⁻²) compared with riffles (127 Wm⁻²). Differences in initial motion criteria (8e) between riffles and pools were found to be significant (p<0.05), indicating pool sediments to be less mobile than riffle, despite pool sediments being less compact. Reduced mobility of pool bedload sediment results from clasts being sheltered by immobile lag gravel found in the pool. It appears therefore that mobility differences between riffles and pools, related to bed structure, does not explain riffle-pool maintenance on the Rede. Scaled travel distance (L/L₅₀s) for tracers in the reach as a whole showed a convex-up relationship with scaled grain size (D/D₅₀s), demonstrating that for tracer grains progressively coarser than the surrounding D₅₀ surface grains, travel distance drops off rapidly, whereas grains progressively finer than the surrounding clasts, travel further but at a less rapid rate. Furthermore, virtual velocity (V*) of tracer grains showed a positive dependence upon D/D₅₀s. Gravel tracer movement provided important insights into riffle-pool maintenance. Transfer of material through the Rede riffle-pool sequence appeared to be influenced by flow magnitude and duration. For low magnitude high frequency flows below 25% bankfull, intra-unit movement was found to predominate. Medium magnitude and frequency flows (up to 50% bankfull) appeared capable of inter-unit transport; scour from pool troughs and deposition on pool exit slopes I riffle heads, movement of material from riffles to bar edges and from bar to bar. For higher magnitude low frequency flows up to bankfull, there was less scour from pools, and a dominance of bar-to-bar sediment transfer. Limited evidence of sediment routing and deposition in pools suggest these to be scour / sediment source zones only, with supply originating from the bed and outer bank. These data demonstrate the importance of different flow magnitude and frequency in creating / maintaining different areas of the riffle-pool structure.

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Books on the topic "Gravel-bed river"

1

P, Billi, ed. Dynamics of gravel-bed rivers. Chichester: Wiley, 1992.

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2

Meigh, Jeremy Robert. Transport of bed material in a gravel-bed river. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1987.

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3

R, Thorne C., Bathurst J. C, and Hey R. D, eds. Sediment transport in gravel-bed rivers. Chichester [West Sussex]: J. Wiley, 1987.

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Kleinhans, Maarten G. Sorting out sand and gravel: Sediment transport and deposition in sand-gravel bed rivers. Utrecht: Royal Dutch Geographical Society, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Utrecht University, 2002.

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5

From gravel to sand: Downstream fining of bed sediments in the lower river Rhine. Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Faculteit Geowetenschappen, Universiteit Utrecht, 2007.

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Bunte, Kristin. Sampling surface and subsurface particle-size distributions in wadable gravel- and cobble-bed streams for analyses in sediment transport, hydraulics, and streambed monitoring. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2001.

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Bunte, Kristin. Sampling surface and subsurface particle-size distributions in wadable gravel- and cobble-bed streams for analyses in sediment transport, hydraulics, and streambed monitoring. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2001.

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Bunte, Kristin. Sampling surface and subsurface particle-size distributions in wadable gravel- and cobble-bed streams for analyses in sediment transport, hydraulics, and streambed monitoring. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2001.

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P, Potyondy John, and Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), eds. Quantifying channel maintenance instream flows: An approach for gravel-bed streams in the western United States. Fort Collins, Colo. (240 W. Prospect Rd., Ft. Collins 80526): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2004.

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10

Church, Michael, Pascale M. Biron, and André G. Roy, eds. Gravel-Bed Rivers. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119952497.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gravel-bed river"

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Clifford, Nicholas J. "River Restoration: Widening Perspectives." In Gravel-Bed Rivers, 150–59. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119952497.ch13.

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Ettema, Robert, and Edward W. Kempema. "River-Ice Effects on Gravel-Bed Channels." In Gravel-Bed Rivers, 523–40. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119952497.ch37.

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Viparelli, Enrica, Astrid Blom, and Ricardo R. Hernandez Moreira. "Modeling Stratigraphy-Based Gravel-Bed River Morphodynamics." In Gravel-Bed Rivers, 609–37. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118971437.ch23.

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Bergeron, Normand, and Joanna Eyquem. "Geomorphology and Gravel-Bed River Ecosystem Services: Workshop Outcomes." In Gravel-Bed Rivers, 242–57. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119952497.ch20.

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Fujita, Koichi. "Gravel-Bed River Management Focusing on Finer Sediment Behaviour." In Gravel-Bed Rivers, 517–47. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118971437.ch19.

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Boucher, Etienne, Yves Bégin, Dominique Arseneault, and Taha B. M. J. Ouarda. "Long-Term and Large-Scale River-Ice Processes in Cold-Region Watersheds." In Gravel-Bed Rivers, 546–54. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119952497.ch39.

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Muste, Marian, Dongsu Kim, and Venkatesh Merwade. "Modern Digital Instruments and Techniques for Hydrodynamic and Morphologic Characterization of River Channels." In Gravel-Bed Rivers, 315–41. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119952497.ch24.

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Surian, Nicola. "Field Observations of Gravel-Bed River Morphodynamics: Perspectives and Critical Issues for Testing of Models." In Gravel-Bed Rivers, 90–95. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119952497.ch7.

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Lapointe, Michel. "River Geomorphology and Salmonid Habitat: Some Examples Illustrating their Complex Association, from Redd to Riverscape Scales." In Gravel-Bed Rivers, 191–215. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119952497.ch17.

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Pitlick, John, Erich R. Mueller, and Catalina Segura. "Differences in Sediment Supply to Braided and Single-Thread River Channels: What Do the Data Tell Us?" In Gravel-Bed Rivers, 502–11. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119952497.ch35.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gravel-bed river"

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Gillilan, Scott, and Christopher Boyer. "Flood Protection vs Avoidance: Issues Concerning Gravel Bed Rivers." In Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference 1998. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40382(1998)73.

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Shvidchenko, A., R. MacArthur, and D. Ripple. "Fine sediment storage in pools in gravel-bed Russian River, California." In The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow 2016). Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315644479-159.

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Diplas, Panayiotis, Phairot Chatanantavet, and Jaber Almedeij. "Streambed structure, stream power, and bed load transport: A unified outlook for gravel-bed and bedrock streams." In The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow 2016). Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315644479-157.

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Youcun Liu, Congqiang Liu, F. Metivier, Baisheng Ye, and Tianding Han. "Analysis on streambed evolution in gravel-bed streams, Urumqi River." In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893033.

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Ivezich, M., D. Blackham, and R. Hardie. "Analysis of catastrophic channel change in a high-energy gravel bed stream." In The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow 2016). Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315644479-269.

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TENZIN, RIGDEN Y., ANA M. RICARDO, and RUI M. L. FERREIRA. "HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAVEL RIVER FLOWS: INFLUENCE OF BED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY." In 38th IAHR World Congress. The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-0257.

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RENNIE, COLIN D., PARNA PARSAPOUR-MOGHADDAM, YANG XIA, SABER ANSARI, and JONATHAN SLANEY. "HYDRODYNAMICS OF A GRAVEL-BED RIVER FOLLOWING A LARGE FLOOD EVENT." In 38th IAHR World Congress. The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1566.

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Sidler, D., F. Michalec, and M. Holzner. "3D observation of the behavior of benthic copepods in a transparent gravel bed." In The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow 2016). Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315644479-98.

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Sukhodolova, T., A. Sukhodolov, and J. Krick. "Field measurements of flow hydrodynamics at a discordant confluence of a gravel-bed river." In The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow 2016). Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315644479-264.

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Kean, Jonathan, Alan Cuthbertson, and Lindsay Beevers. "Near-bed turbulence characteristics in unsteady hydrograph flows over mobile and immobile gravel beds." In The International Conference On Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow 2016). Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315644479-283.

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Reports on the topic "Gravel-bed river"

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Corum, Zachary, Ethan Cheng, Stanford Gibson, and Travis Dahl. Optimization of reach-scale gravel nourishment on the Green River below Howard Hanson Dam, King County, Washington. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43887.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, nourishes gravel downstream of Howard Hanson Dam (HHD) on the Green River in Washington State. The study team developed numerical models to support the ongoing salmonid habitat improvement mission downstream of HHD. Recent advancements in computing and numerical modeling software make long-term simulations in steep, gravel, cobble, and boulder river environments cost effective. The team calibrated mobile-bed, sediment-transport models for the pre-dam and post-dam periods. The modeling explored geomorphic responses to flow and sediment regime changes associated with HHD construction and operation. The team found that pre-dam conditions were significantly more dynamic than post-dam conditions and may have had lower spawning habitat quality in the project vicinity. The team applied the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model to the site and then calibrated to the post-dam gravel augmentation period. The team implemented a new hiding routine in HEC-RAS that improved the simulated grain size trends but underestimated coarse sediment transport. Models without the hiding function overestimated grain size but matched bed elevations and mass flux very well. Decade-long simulations of four future gravel nourishment conditions showed continued sediment storage in the reach. The storage rate was sensitive to nourishment mass and grain size.

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Wilcock, Peter, John Pitlick, and Yantao Cui. Sediment transport primer: estimating bed-material transport in gravel-bed rivers. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-226.

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Wilcock, Peter, John Pitlick, and Yantao Cui. Sediment transport primer: estimating bed-material transport in gravel-bed rivers. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-226.

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