Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gravettian culture

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Academic literature on the topic 'Gravettian culture'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Gravettian culture"

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Wilczyński, Jarosław, Tomasz Goslar, Piotr Wojtal, Martin Oliva, Ursula B. Göhlich, Walpurga Antl-Weiser, Petr Šída, Alexander Verpoorte, and György Lengyel. "New Radiocarbon Dates for the Late Gravettian in Eastern Central Europe." Radiocarbon 62, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.111.

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AbstractThe Middle Upper Palaeolithic (MUP) in eastern Central Europe (ECE) comprises three variants of Gravettian culture: Early Gravettian, Pavlovian, and Late Gravettian. While Early Gravettian and Pavlovian are merely located in Lower Austria and Moravia, the Late Gravettian occupations occurred over the entire territory of ECE. Compared to the number of sites the radiocarbon dating and the absolute chronology of the Late Gravettian is rather poor. The results presented here bring a new set of radiocarbon (14C) dates for the Late Gravettian period in ECE and propose that this period began and ended earlier than previously suggested.
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Usyk, V. І., and L. V. Kulakovska. "GRAVETTIAN INDUSTRY OF MEZHYHIRTSI I SITE." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 45, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.04.01.

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Long-term interdisciplinary studies of the multilayer Paleolithic sites in the Middle Dniester (1950—1970s: O. Chernysh, I. Ivanova) allowed creating a cultural-chronological scheme for the development of a local Gravettian technocomplex. The key sites of these investigations are the Molodovo V and Korman IV Paleolithic sites, where the Gravettian levels belong to the chronological period from 28000—29000 to 22000—19000 years ago. Based on the data of archeology and stratigraphy of these and other sites, the Gravettian industries of the Dniester valley were subdivided into five stages (M. Otte, P. Noiret, V. Chirica, I. Borziak). At the same time, one of the earliest Gravettian sites of this region, Mezhigirtsy, which was investigated in the 1970—1980s, is often ignored in the periodization of the local Gravettian, or mistakenly refers to a later period. Previously, the lithic industry of the site was assigned to the third stage of the Dniester Gravettian. The collection of Mezhigirtsy I site is characterized by the production of wide blades (3—5 cm in width / up to 15 cm long) from unidirectional and bi-directional volumetric cores by a soft hammer. The predominance of massive dihedral burins, burins on a break, burins on truncation above the end scrapers. A typological set is characterized by backed tools as Gravettian points, «Rgani» knives, backed bladelets, micro-Gravettian points, microsaws. At the same time, there are no shouldered points. Additionally, one of the characteristic features of the inventory is the presence of bifacial leaf-shaped points. The technical-typological data and the dating of the site (28—27 kyr) allow us to confidently attribute the industry to the earlier stage (second stage) of the «Middle Dniester» or to the early stage of the formation of the «Molodovo culture». At the same time, the industry has certain features of the so-called Pavlovian culture of eastern Gravettian.
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Djindjian, François, and Lioudmila Iakovleva. "LA QUESTION DE L’EPIGRAVETTIEN ORIENTAL." Światowit, no. 61 (December 29, 2023): 146–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/0082-044x.swiatowit.61.6.

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he designation, under the name of Epigravettian, of all industries in Central and Eastern Europe from the last glacial maximum and up to the end of isotopic stage 2, masks the variety of industries and prevents an understanding of the adaptations of hunter-gatherer societies to climate variations. - For Eastern Europe (Dnieper, Boug and Don basins): Eastern Gravettian, Final Eastern Gravettian, Local Aurignacoid Industries (Muralovkian, Zamiatnine culture and others), Early Epigravettian of the steppe area, gap, Mezinian of the Dnieper Basin, late Epigravettian of the steppe area, - For the northeastern foothills of the Carpathians (Dniester, Prut and Bistrita basins) : Eastern Gravettian, Aurignacoid Industries, gap, Early Epigravettian (Molodovian s.s.), gap, Final Epigravettian, - For Central Europe: Eastern Gravettian, gap, Aurignacoid Industries, gap, Sagvarian, gap, Magdalenian and Late Epigravettian. The typological and technological studies of lithic and bone industries reveal large differences, due to strong changes in human systems during the last glacial maximum. And the mere presence of backed bladelets (which also exist in the Solutrean, Badegoulian and Magdalenian cultures in Western Europe) is not sufficient to cluster these industries under the same name of Epigravettian. So we propose to give different names to these different industries.
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Wild, E. M., C. Neugebauer-Maresch, T. Einwögerer, P. Stadler, P. Steier, and F. Brock. "14C Dating of the Upper Paleolithic Site at Krems-Hundssteig in Lower Austria." Radiocarbon 50, no. 1 (2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200043332.

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The open-air archaeological site at Krems-Hundssteig is a well-known Upper Paleolithic site located in Lower Austria. The site was discovered in the late 19th/early 20th centuries when a large number of archaeological remains were collected during the course of loess quarrying. Although no systematic excavation has ever been performed, Krems-Hundssteig has been described since its discovery as typical of the Aurignacian period in this region based on the numerous archaeological finds; accordingly, the culture has been named Kremsien by some authors. Surprisingly, the artifacts found in a recent excavation adjacent to this location showed solely Gravettian features, calling into question the original assignment to the Aurignacian. Although the earlier assignment was supported by a radiocarbon date of ∼35 kyr BP (Hahn 1977), new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates proved that the recently excavated cultural layer originates from the Gravettian period. Older paleosols were also detected by sondage drillings at some depth below it.The new results indicate that a large Aurignacian level and a substantial complex of Gravettian layers are present in this area. Therefore, it must be assumed that more than 1 cultural level was affected and destroyed by the historic loess quarrying, and that the assemblage of Krems-Hundssteig artifacts, traditionally ascribed to the Aurignacian, might be interspersed with Gravettian pieces.
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Banks, William E., Anaïs Vignoles, Jessica Lacarrière, André Morala, and Laurent Klaric. "A Hierarchical Bayesian Examination of the Chronological Relationship between the Noaillian and Rayssian Phases of the French Middle Gravettian." Quaternary 7, no. 2 (June 12, 2024): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat7020026.

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Issues of chronology are central to inferences pertaining to relationships between both contemporaneous and successive prehistoric typo-technological entities (i.e., archaeological cultures), culture–environment relationships, and ultimately the mechanisms at play behind cultural changes observed through time in the archaeological record. We refine the chronology of Upper Paleolithic archaeological cultures between 35–18 calibrated kiloanni before the present in present-day France by incorporating recently published radiocarbon data along with new 14C ages that we obtained from several Gravettian archaeological contexts. We present the results of a Bayesian age model that includes these new radiometric data and that, more importantly, separates Gravettian contexts in regions north of the Garonne River into two successive cultural phases: The Northern Noaillian and the Rayssian, respectively. This new age model places the beginning of the Noaillian during Greenland Stadial 5.2. The appearance of contexts containing assemblages associated with the Rayssian lithic technical system occurs immediately prior to the termination of Greenland Interstadial 5.1, and it is present throughout Heinrich Event 3 (GS-5.1) and into the following GI-4 climatic amelioration. Despite the Rayssian’s initial appearance during the brief and relatively weakly expressed Greenland Interstadial 5.1, its duration suggests that Rayssian lithic technology was well-suited to the environmental conditions of Greenland Stadial 5.1.
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Klaric, Laurent. "Regional groups in the European Middle Gravettian: a reconsideration of theRayssiantechnology." Antiquity 81, no. 311 (March 1, 2007): 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00094928.

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TheGravettianis considered one of the first pan-European cultures of the Upper Palaeolithic, spreading from Portugal to Russia between 28-20000 years BP and characterised by backed blades and points. TheNoaillianis a local variant in southern Europe (Northern Spain, Southern France and Italy). In France Noaillian is supposedly evolving into theRayssianwhich is replaced later by recentGravettian. By reconsidering the formation processes of some key stratigraphic sequences, the author demonstrates that the Rayssian is an idiosyncratic culture that does not have abrupt-backed bladelets, and that runs chronologically in parallel with the others. A case study, based on new work at the site of La Picardie (Indre-et-Loire), suggests that we should expect to define different contemporary regional groups during this long period.
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Borziac, I. A., Philip Allsworth-Jones, Charles French, S. I. Medyanik, W. J. Rink, and H. K. Lee. "The Upper Palaeolithic Site of Ciuntu on the Middle Pruth, Moldova: a multidisciplinary study and reinterpretation." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 63 (1997): 285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00002462.

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The Ciuntu rockshelter is situated in the north-western part of the Republic of Moldova, on the left bank of the river Pruth. It has a single Upper Palaeolithic layer of occupation, which was originally regarded as Early Upper Palaeolithic and was assigned to the Brinzeni archaeological culture. More recent investigations, including radiocarbon dating, have led to a revision of this suggested age and classification. The site is now regarded as belonging to the Middle Gravettian and is dated to the beginning of the last glacial maximum.
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Posth, Cosimo, He Yu, Ayshin Ghalichi, Hélène Rougier, Isabelle Crevecoeur, Yilei Huang, Harald Ringbauer, et al. "Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers." Nature 615, no. 7950 (March 1, 2023): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05726-0.

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AbstractModern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.
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Dinnis, Rob, Alexander A. Bessudnov, Natasha Reynolds, Katerina Douka, Alexander E. Dudin, Gennady A. Khlopachev, Mikhail V. Sablin, Andrei A. Sinitsyn, and Thomas F. G. Higham. "The Age of the ‘Anosovka-Tel’manskaya Culture’ and the Issue of a Late Streletskian at Kostёnki 11, SW Russia." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 84 (February 15, 2018): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2018.1.

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Triangular, concave-base ‘Streletskian points’ are documented in several assemblages from the Kostёnki complex of Upper Palaeolithic sites in south-western Russia. Some of these assemblages have been argued to evidence very early modern human occupation of Eastern Europe. However, Streletskian points are also recorded from younger contexts, notably at Kostёnki 11, where examples are attributed both to Layer V and the stratigraphically higher Layer III. The apparent relatively young age of Layer III has led some to view it as the latest manifestation of the Streletskian, although its assemblage has also been compared to the non-Streletskian Layer I of Kostёnki 8, with the two described together as the Anosovka-Tel’manskaya Culture.Radiocarbon dates of 24–23,000 bp (c. 28,500–27,000 cal bp) for a wolf burial associated with Layer III of Kostёnki 11 confirm the layer as younger than other Streletskian assemblages at Kostёnki. New radiocarbon dates for Kostёnki 8 Layer I show that the two layers are broadly contemporary, and that both are close in age to assemblages of Kostёnki’s (Late Gravettian) Kostёnki-Avdeevo Culture. In the light of these new radiocarbon dates the context of the Streletskian point from Kostёnki 11 Layer III is considered. Although firm conclusions are not possible, unresolved stratigraphic problems and the lack of technological context for this single artefact at the very least leave a question mark over its association with other material from the layer.
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Přichystal, Antonín. "Artefacts Made from Siliceous Rocks of Polish Origin on Prehistoric Sites in the Czech Republic." Archaeologia Polona 56 (January 1, 2018): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/apa56.2018.003.

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Compared with Poland, the territory of Bohemia and Moravia is not so rich in natural occurrences of high-quality siliceous rocks (silicites, ‘flints’). This contribution follows distribution of the four most attractive Polish chipped raw materials (silicite of the Cracow-Częstochowa Jurassic, ‘chocolate’ silicite, banded Krzemionki [striped] silicite and spotted Świeciechów [grey white-spotted] silicite) in the Czech Republic. Since the middle phase of Upper Palaeolithic (Gravettian) the Jurasssic-Cracow silicites had been transported to Moravia and since its late phase (Magdalenian) also to Bohemia. The first use of the ‘chocolate’ silicite has been ascertained at some Late Aurignacian (Epiaurignacian) sites of central Moravia similarly as an exceptional find attesting early use of Świeciechów spotted silicite (Late Szeletian?). No finds of the banded Krzemionki silicite have been registered in Pre-Neolithic flaked assemblages in the Czech Republic. Evidence of systematic and mass transport of silicites from the Cracow-Częstochowa Jurassic to northern/central Moravia and to eastern/central Bohemia has been found in some periods of the Neolithic (especially connected with the Linear Pottery culture). For the period of the earlier Eneolithic (Funnel Beaker culture) we can identify a small but systematic presence of raw materials from the northern foreland of the Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross) Mountains, this comprises objects of banded Krzemionki silicite and spotted Świeciechów silicite. About 24 Moravian non-stratified finds of axes made of the banded Krzemionki silicite and polished over the whole surface can be probably connected with the Globular Amphora culture. Silicites from the Cracow-Częstochowa Jurassic appeared again in the late Eneolithic, especially as arrowheads of the Bell Beaker culture in Moravia. Only two pieces made from the Jurassic Cracow-Częstochowa silicite appeared in a collection of 1463 artefacts connected with the Early Bronze Age in Moravia
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gravettian culture"

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Paine, Cleantha Hyde. "Micromorphological and isotopic investigation of Gravettian contexts in the Czech Republic." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610849.

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Reynolds, Natasha. "The mid Upper Palaeolithic of European Russia : chronology, culture history and context : a study of five Gravettian backed lithic assemblages." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f9a56097-50b9-427d-8276-3acc191c834c.

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This thesis examines the Mid Upper Palaeolithic (MUP) of Russia (ca. 30,000-20,000 14C BP). During this time, as in the rest of Europe, the principal archaeological industry is known as the Gravettian. However, in Russia two other industries, the Streletskayan and the Gorodtsovian, are also known from the beginning of the MUP. Historically, there have been significant problems integrating the Russian MUP record with that from the rest of Europe. The research described in this thesis concentrates on backed lithic assemblages (including Gravette points, microgravettes, other backed points and backed bladelets) from five Russian Gravettian sites: Kostenki 8 Layer 2, Kostenki 4, Kostenki 9, Khotylevo 2 and Kostenki 21 Layer 3. These are studied from an explicitly Western European theoretical perspective, using standard techno-typological methods to construct typological groupings and describe the variation between and within sites. Alongside this, new radiocarbon dates from several sites Kostenki 8 Layer 2, Kostenki 4 and Borshchevo 5) were obtained. These radiocarbon dates are critically analysed alongside published dates and unpublished dates made available to this research. The results of the research constitute a new culture history for the Russian MUP. Each stage of the MUP is dated and described, and the uncertainties in our knowledge outlined. One new lithic index fossil is defined and two others are re-assessed. The Russian record is compared with the contemporary archaeological record elsewhere in Europe, in order to describe large-scale synchronic variation and changes through time in the homogeneity and regionalisation of material culture. The relationship between these dynamics and climate change are discussed.
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Books on the topic "Gravettian culture"

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Šída, Petr. The gravettian of Bohemia. Brno: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology at Brno, 2009.

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1953-, Svoboda Jiří, and Archeologický ústav Akademie věd České republiky v Brně., eds. Pavlov I Southeast: A window into the Gravettian lifestyles. Brno: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology, 2005.

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Svoboda, Jiří. Pavlov excavations, 2007-2011. Brno: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology at Brno, 2011.

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Verlaine, Joëlle. Les statuettes zoomorphes aurignaciennes et gravettiennes d'Europe centrale et orientale. Liège: Préhistoire liégeoise, 1990.

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Goutas, Nejma, Laurent Klaric, and Patricia Guillermin. A la recherche des identités gravettiennes: Actualités, questionnements et perspectives : actes de la table ronde sur le gravettien en France et dans les pays limitrophes, Aix-en-Provence, 6-8 octobre 2008. Joué-les-Tours: Société préhistorique française, 2011.

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Polanská, Michaela. Questionnement sur la diversité du Pavlovien par l'étude technologique des gisements moraves. Edited by Škrdla Petr editor and Archeologický ústav (Akademie věd České republiky). Brno: Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, 2020.

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A, Amirkhanov Kh, and Institut arkheologii (Rossiĭskai͡a︡ akademii͡a︡ nauk), eds. Vostochnyĭ gravett. Moskva: Nauch. mir, 1998.

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Uthmeier, Thorsten. Micoquien, Aurignacien und Gravettien in Bayern: Eine regionale Studie zum Übergang vom Mittel- zum Jungpaläolithikum. Kerpen-Loogh: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ur- und Frühgeschichte, 2004.

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Bosselin, Bruno. Le Protomagdalenien du Blot: Les industries lithiques dans le contexte culturel du Gravettien français. Liège, Belgique: Centre de recherches archéologiques, Université de Liège, 1997.

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Pichler, Sandra. Paläoökologie des östlichen Gravettien: Quellen und Ansätze ökologischer Rekonstruktionen der jungpleistozänen Umwelt. Bonn: R. Habelt, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gravettian culture"

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Farbstein, Rebecca. "Late Glacial Ceramic Innovation and Symbolism from the Balkans in its Wider Context." In The Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers of South-Eastern Europe, 288–313. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780197267509.003.0010.

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Abstract Ceramic technologies are widely associated with Holocene-aged archaeological technocomplexes, and the term ‘ceramic’ is sometimes used interchangeably with ‘pottery’. However, thousands of ceramic artefacts excavated from early Gravettian (‘Pavlovian’) sites in Czech Republic demonstrate that ceramic technologies are more than 30,000 years old. Moreover, these earliest iterations were used to make symbolic material culture, rather than functional pottery. The discovery of a large assemblage of ceramic figurines in late Palaeolithic contexts at Vela Spila, Croatia, along with smaller, isolated ceramic assemblages from Eastern Europe and northern Africa, demonstrates the wide geographic scope of Palaeolithic symbolic ceramics. This chapter compares the ceramic records from Croatia to those found elsewhere in Eurasia, with special focus on the Pavlovian figurines. We consider both the technologies of production and the aesthetics of the ‘finished’ artefacts. Can these two geographically and chronologically disparate iterations be interpreted as the result of cultural continuity? What are the implications of these assemblages for our broader understanding of the scope of Upper Palaeolithic artistic and technological repertoires across Europe?
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Farbstein, Rebecca. "Late Glacial Ceramic Innovation and Symbolism from the Balkans in its Wider Context." In The Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers of South-Eastern Europe. Oxford: British Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267509.003.0010.

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Abstract Ceramic technologies are widely associated with Holocene-aged archaeological technocomplexes, and the term ‘ceramic’ is sometimes used interchangeably with ‘pottery’. However, thousands of ceramic artefacts excavated from early Gravettian (‘Pavlovian’) sites in Czech Republic demonstrate that ceramic technologies are more than 30,000 years old. Moreover, these earliest iterations were used to make symbolic material culture, rather than functional pottery. The discovery of a large assemblage of ceramic figurines in late Palaeolithic contexts at Vela Spila, Croatia, along with smaller, isolated ceramic assemblages from Eastern Europe and northern Africa, demonstrates the wide geographic scope of Palaeolithic symbolic ceramics. This chapter compares the ceramic records from Croatia to those found elsewhere in Eurasia, with special focus on the Pavlovian figurines. We consider both the technologies of production and the aesthetics of the ‘finished’ artefacts. Can these two geographically and chronologically disparate iterations be interpreted as the result of cultural continuity? What are the implications of these assemblages for our broader understanding of the scope of Upper Palaeolithic artistic and technological repertoires across Europe?
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Trinkaus, Erik, and Jiří A. Svoboda. "Introduction." In The Paleobiology of the Pavlovian People, 3–5. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195166996.003.0001.

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Abstract It has long been recognized that human populations and their behaviors underwent a variety of dramatic changes during the middle of the last glacial period, the period also known as the Interpleniglacial or Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS) 3. This has long been framed in the context of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition and as part of the phylogenetic emergence of early modern humans. However, it has become apparent that it involved not only these more generally recognized transitions but also significant human biological, technological, social, and cultural changes within the earlier Upper Paleolithic. For this reason, the Upper Paleolithic complexes of OIS 3 are increasingly divided into an Initial Upper Paleolithic (the Châtelperronian, Bohunician, Szeletian, etc.), the Early Upper Paleolithic (principally the Aurignacian), and the Middle Upper Paleolithic (the Gravettian and its variants in time and space) (Svoboda et al., 1996; Roebroeks et al., 2000; Svoboda & Bar-Yosef, 2003; Svoboda & Sedlácková, 2004). From this comes a recognition, long overdue, of the major amounts of human cultural fluorescence that emerged after 30,000 years B.P. and continued through the middle of the following ten millennia.
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Trinkaus, Erik, Alexandra P. Buzhilova, Maria B. Mednikova, and Maria V. Dobrovolskaya. "Comparative Materials and Methods for the Sunghir Human Remains." In The People of Sunghir. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199381050.003.0008.

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This volume is concerned with the morphology and paleobiology of the human remains from Sunghir. As such, it is intended to contribute to our knowledge and understanding of the occupants of that locale in northern Russia during the Interpleniglacial [marine isotope stage (MIS) 3]. However, the Sunghir human remains take on meaning, and can be properly evaluated, only in the context of a broader sample of Late Pleistocene humans. The paleontological sources of the comparative samples are indicated below. In most cases, references are not provided for the specimens or sites, since to do so would be to provide an extensive bibliography for Late Pleistocene human remains. References are provided principally for the smaller non-western Eurasian and immature samples and for those of debated affinities. The principal sample of concern consists of individuals from the same general time period during MIS 3 as the Sunghir humans and those who generated the same general archeological complex. The time frame, sensu lato, is between ~30,000 and ~20,000 14C years BP, or ~34,000 and ~24,000 cal years BP. The archeological technocomplex (which is defined by more than just lithic technology), is the Mid Upper Paleolithic (or the Gravettian sensu lato, especially in central and western Europe). This complex is taken here to include a variety of regional variants, including the “Sunghirian” (see discussion in chapter 2). The regional differences in the archeological complexes, technologically or stylistically, are not of concern here; it is apparent that, despite differences in details of especially lithic technology, there was a broad level of cultural uniformity that extended across western Eurasia (Roebroeks et al. 2000) and probably continued into eastern Asia (Gerasimov 1935; Norton and Gao 2008). What is of most relevance is the general level of cultural elaboration and related patterning, as it might have affected the behavior, biology, and adaptations of the Sunghir humans. As a result, the comparative framework is principally that provided by the human remains from this time period.
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Conference papers on the topic "Gravettian culture"

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Nitu, E. C., O. Cirstina, F. I. Lupu, M. Leu, A. Nicolae, and M. Carciumaru. "PORTABLE ART OBJECTS DISCOVERED IN THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC OF ROMANIA." In Знаки и образы в искусстве каменного века. Международная конференция. Тезисы докладов [Электронный ресурс]. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-308-4.22-23.

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In addition to their undeniable aesthetic value, ornaments are the element that may differentiate the various social groups or individuals belonging to certain groups. More specifically, body decoration is closely related to social identity. The ornament, as a form of communication, has a certain advantage over other means of communication because, once displayed, perhaps even more than language itself, the individual wearing it need not make any effort to deliver his/her message, social sta-tus, their belonging to a group etc. The first adornments used during the Paleolithic are beads, while perforated shells are among the earliest examples of this sort. In a few cases, the perforated shells come from species rarely used in the Paleolithic, brought from long distances, in terms of the settlements in which they were found so, apart from individualizing and characterizing a certain group, they may represent important documents regarding migrations over wide areas and even regarding the origin of a culture. This is shown by new discoveries made in an early Gravettian layer at the Poiana Cireului site (Piatra Neam, north-eastern Romania), dated between 30 ka and 31 ka BP (Niu et al., 2019). The ornaments discovered here include a unique association of perforat-ed shells represented by three species of mollusks: Lithoglyphus naticoide, Litho-glyphus apertus and Homalopoma sanguineum (an exclusively Mediterranean spe-cies). This occupation differs from Central and Eastern European Gravettian tradi-tions through the symbolic behavior of the communities, defined by the use of perfo-rated shells of freshwater and marine (Mediterranean origin) mollusk belonging to species very rarely used in the Palaeolithic. Poiana Cireului is one of the very few Gravettian sites where perforated Homalopoma sanguineum shells were found and is the only Gravettian settlement where Lithoglyphus naticoides shells were used. We present the ornaments discovered and the results of analysis performed to identify the perforation methods and the use-wear traces. The presence of a Mediterranean species at the Poiana Cireului settlement located more than 900 km from the nearest source suggests the connection of communities here with the Mediterranean area. In the light of these new findings, the origin and diffusion of the Gravettian from the Mediterranean to the east of the Carpathians are a hypothesis that should be considered. Niu, E.-C., Crciumaru, M., Nicolae, A., Crstina, O., Lupu, F. I., Leu, M. (2019). Mobility and social identity in the Early Upper Palaeolithic: new personal ornaments from Poiana Cireului site (Piatra Neam, Romania). PLOS ONE, 14 (4), e0214932. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214932
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Nitu, E. C., O. Cirstina, F. I. Lupu, M. Leu, A. Nicolae, and M. Carciumaru. "PERSONAL ORNAMENTS DISCOVERED IN THE EARLY UPPER PALEOLITHIC OF POIANA CIREȘULUI-PIATRA NEAMȚ (ROMANIA)." In Знаки и образы в искусстве каменного века. Международная конференция. Тезисы докладов [Электронный ресурс]. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-308-4.20-21.

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Abstract:
In addition to their undeniable aesthetic value, ornaments are the element that may differentiate the various social groups or individuals belonging to certain groups. More specifically, body decoration is closely related to social identity. The ornament, as a form of communication, has a certain advantage over other means of communication because, once displayed, perhaps even more than language itself, the individual wearing it need not make any effort to deliver his/her message, social sta-tus, their belonging to a group etc. The first adornments used during the Paleolithic are beads, while perforated shells are among the earliest examples of this sort. In a few cases, the perforated shells come from species rarely used in the Paleolithic, brought from long distances, in terms of the settlements in which they were found so, apart from individualizing and characterizing a certain group, they may represent important documents regarding migrations over wide areas and even regarding the origin of a culture. This is shown by new discoveries made in an early Gravettian layer at the Poiana Cireului site (Piatra Neam, north-eastern Romania), dated between 30 ka and 31 ka BP (Niu et al., 2019). The ornaments discovered here include a unique association of perforat-ed shells represented by three species of mollusks: Lithoglyphus naticoide, Litho-glyphus apertus and Homalopoma sanguineum (an exclusively Mediterranean spe-cies). This occupation differs from Central and Eastern European Gravettian tradi-tions through the symbolic behavior of the communities, defined by the use of perfo-rated shells of freshwater and marine (Mediterranean origin) mollusk belonging to species very rarely used in the Palaeolithic. Poiana Cireului is one of the very few Gravettian sites where perforated Homalopoma sanguineum shells were found and is the only Gravettian settlement where Lithoglyphus naticoides shells were used. We present the ornaments discovered and the results of analysis performed to identify the perforation methods and the use-wear traces. The presence of a Mediterranean species at the Poiana Cireului settlement located more than 900 km from the nearest source suggests the connection of communities here with the Mediterranean area. In the light of these new findings, the origin and diffusion of the Gravettian from the Mediterranean to the east of the Carpathians are a hypothesis that should be considered. Niu, E.-C., Crciumaru, M., Nicolae, A., Crstina, O., Lupu, F. I., Leu, M. (2019). Mobility and social identity in the Early Upper Palaeolithic: new personal ornaments from Poiana Cireului site (Piatra Neam, Romania). PLOS ONE, 14 (4), e0214932. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214932
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Lisitsyn, S. "ХРОНОЛОГИЯ И ВОПРОСЫ ПЕРИОДИЗАЦИИ ГРАВЕТТИЙСКИХ ПАМЯТНИКОВ В КОСТЕНКОВСКО-БОРЩЕВСКОМ МИКРОРЕГИОНЕ." In Радиоуглерод в археологии и палеоэкологии: прошлое, настоящее, будущее. Материалы международной конференции, посвященной 80-летию старшего научного сотрудника ИИМК РАН, кандидата химических наук Ганны Ивановны Зайцевой. Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-91867-213-6-50-52.

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Over a hundred 14C dates have been obtained from the Gravettian cultural layers in the Kostenki-Borshchevo Lo- cality. Almost half of them come from Kostenki 1/I cultural layer. Datings on bone samples are prevalent. In a series of datings, they vary for almost each site, providing an opportunity to demonstrate one’s chronological preferences and choose a specific timepoint (Fig. 1). The most reliable idea for development of the Gravettian periodization is to examine certain complexes in the context of structural changes of the missiles points typology in the course of time. Thus the Gravettian can be divided into the early phase of ~27,000–25,000 yr uncal BP (Kostenki 8/II), the middle phase of ~25,000–24,000 yr uncal BP (Kostenki 4, Kostenki 9 and Borshchevo 5/I), the late phase of ~23,000–22,000 yr uncal BP (Kostenki 1/I, 13, 14/I and 18) and the final phase ~22,000–21,000 yr uncal BP (Kostenki 21/III). The definitive cultural discontinuity falls upon ~24000/23000 yr uncal BP when the backed points were replaced by the shouldered ones.
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Lisitsyn, Sergey. "Gravettian and Epigravettian in the archaeological record of Kostenki at the current stage of research." In The Earliest Paleolithic at Kostenki: Chronology, Stratigraphy, Cultural Diversity (on the 140th anniversary of archaeological research in the Kostenki-Borshchevo area). Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-9273-2863-5-2019-55-65.

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