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Journal articles on the topic 'Gravimetrically'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 24 June 2025

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1

PROEBSTLE, T. M., V. SCHNEIDERS, and J. KNOP. "Gravimetrically Controlled Efficacy of Subcorial Curettage." Dermatologic Surgery 28, no. 11 (2002): 1022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042728-200211000-00010.

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2

Futa, A., M. Jastrzębska, and Z. Suchorab. "Comparison of regression models of linear and polynomial dependencies in moisture detection technique." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2628, no. 1 (2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2628/1/012005.

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Abstract The article presents the description of moisture detection technique in building materials and comparison of two techniques of analysis. More precisely, two models of linear regression, with linear and polynomial dependencies are presented. The readouts present the dependence between the moisture of ceramic brick, evaluated gravimetrically and permittivity values determined by TDR technique. The correlation between the moisture content estimated by the TDR and the moisture content determined gravimetrically is shown. Using the achieved data, regression models are compared and the quality of both models is determined.

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3

(MS.), S. G. KAWATKAR, and V. NIMBALKAR RAMCHANDRA. "Spectrophotometric Determination of Palladium(II) with 5-Chlorosalicylaldehyde Guanylhydrazone." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 74, Jan 1997 (1997): 69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5878191.

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Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University. Kolhapur-416 004 Department of Chemistry, Mudhoji College, Phaltan (Satara)-415 523 <em>Manuscript received 9 June 1994. revised 26 May 1995, accepted 20 June 1995</em> Spectrophotometric Determination of Palladium(II) with 5-Chlorosalicylaldehyde Guanylhydrazone  

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4

Josephs, R. D., M. Bedu, A. Daireaux, et al. "Key Comparison Study - Organic Solvent Calibration Solution - Gravimetric preparation and value assignment of aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in acetonitrile (ACN)." Metrologia 59, no. 1A (2022): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/59/1a/08002.

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Main text The CCQM-K154.b comparison was coordinated by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) and the Chinese National Institute of Metrology (NIM) on behalf of the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) for National Measurement Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) which provide measurement services in organic analysis under the 'Comité International des Poids et Mesures' Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA) and/or have participated in the BIPM's Mycotoxin Metrology Capacity Building and Knowledge Transfer (MMCBKT) project as part of its "Metrology for Safe Food and Feed in Developing Economies" Capacity Building Programme. Gravimetrically-prepared solutions having an assigned mass fraction of specified organic analytes are routinely used to calibrate measurement processes for the quantification of the same analytes in matrix samples. Appropriate assignments of the property value and associated uncertainty of calibration solutions thus underpin the traceability of routine analysis and are critical for accurate measurements. Evidence of successful participation in relevant international comparisons is needed to document calibration and measurement capability claims (CMCs) made by national metrology institutes and designated institutes. In total, eleven NMIs/DIs participated in the Track C, Model II, Key Comparison CCQM-K154.b [Gravimetric preparation and value assignment of aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in acetonitrile (ACN)] for emerging areas of global interest and innovation. Participants were requested to gravimetrically prepare calibration solutions and value assign the mass fractions, expressed in mg/kg, of aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in the acetonitrile (ACN) solution. Study samples, with assigned values and associated uncertainties were prepared by the comparison participants and sent to the coordinating laboratory for comparison. The Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs), calculated form values measured by the coordinating laboratory based on calibrations obtained from independent gravimetrically prepared calibrant solutions, agreed with participants reported values, within their stated uncertainties. AfB1 was selected to be representative of polar aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are a class of mycotoxins generally produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. It was anticipated to provide a challenge representative for the gravimetrical preparation and value assignment of calibration solutions in the mass fraction range of 2 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg of mycotoxins with broadly similar structural characteristics. Nine participants of the MMCBKT programme were provided with a stock solution having a known AfB1 mass fraction and expanded uncertainty to use to gravimetrically prepare and value assign a calibration solution. Three NMIs/DIs also participated using their own calibration solutions. The use of in-house solutions required an additional capacity to undertake a fit-for-purpose purity assessment. NIM was the only NMI participating using both the MMCBKT based and their own in-house assigned solutions in order to connect the two different groups. It was decided to propose separate KCRVs for each of the two ampoules provided by the participating NMIs/DIs based on the AfB1 mass fraction. This allowed participants to demonstrate the efficacy of their implementation of the approaches used to gravimetrically prepare calibration solutions and to assess the AfB1 mass fraction. The majority of the AfB1 mass fraction KCRVs (wKCRV) for CCQM-K154.b spanned a mass fraction range of 2.02 mg/kg to 31.57 mg/kg. The relative expanded uncertainties U(wKCRV) ranged from 0.69 % to 2.93 %. Inspection of the degree of equivalence plots for the AfB1 mass fraction assignments in CCQM-K154.b indicated that there was an excellent agreement of results. Solely, the AfB1 mass fraction assignments of INRAP did not agree with the KCRVs. It was found that the samples were altered as a result of an acid contamination. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

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5

Josephs, R. D., M. Bedu, A. Daireaux, et al. "Key comparison study - organic solvent calibration solution - gravimetric preparation and value assignment of deoxynivalenol (DON) in acetonitrile (ACN)." Metrologia 60, no. 1A (2022): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/08002.

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Main text The CCQM-K154.c comparison was coordinated by the the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) and the Chinese National Institute of Metrology (NIM) on behalf of the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) for National Measurement Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) which provide measurement services in organic analysis under the 'Comité International des Poids et Mesures' Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA) and/or have participated in the BIPM's Mycotoxin Metrology Capacity Building and Knowledge Transfer (MMCBKT) project as part of its "Metrology for Safe Food and Feed in Developing Economies" Capacity Building Programme. Gravimetrically-prepared solutions having an assigned mass fraction of specified organic analytes are routinely used to calibrate measurement processes for the quantification of the same analytes in matrix samples. Appropriate assignments of the property value and associated uncertainty of calibration solutions thus underpin the traceability of routine analysis and are critical for accurate measurements. Evidence of successful participation in relevant international comparisons is needed to document calibration and measurement capability claims (CMCs) made by national metrology institutes and designated institutes. In total, nine NMIs/DIs participated in the Track C, Model II, Key Comparison CCQM-K154.c [Gravimetric preparation and value assignment of deoxynivalenol (DON) in acetonitrile (ACN)] for emerging areas of global interest and innovation. Participants were requested to gravimetrically prepare calibration solutions and value assign the mass fractions, expressed in mg/kg, of deoxynivalenol (DON) in the acetonitrile (ACN) solution. Study samples, with assigned values and associated uncertainties were prepared by the comparison participants and sent to the coordinating laboratory for comparison. The Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs), calculated from values measured by the coordinating laboratory based on calibrations obtained from independent gravimetrically prepared calibrant solutions, agreed with participants reported values, within their stated uncertainties. DON belongs to the large group of trichothecene mycotoxins. It is produced by certain fungi of the genus Fusarium that predominantly infect wheat, corn, oats, barley, rice, and other grains in the field or during storage. It was anticipated to provide a challenge representative for the gravimetrical preparation and value assignment of calibration solutions in the mass fraction range of 10 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg of mycotoxins with broadly similar structural characteristics. Ten participants of the MMCBKT programme were provided with a stock solution having a known DON mass fraction and expanded uncertainty to use to gravimetrically prepare and value assign a calibration solution. Three NMIs/DIs also participated using their own calibration solutions. The use of in-house solutions required an additional capacity to undertake a fit-for-purpose purity assessment. NIM was the only NMI participating using both the MMCBKT based and their own in-house assigned solutions in order to connect the two different groups. It was decided to propose separate KCRVs for each of the two ampoules provided by the participating NMIs/DIs based on the DON mass fraction. This allowed participants to demonstrate the efficacy of their implementation of the approaches used to gravimetrically prepare calibration solutions and to assess the DON mass fraction. The majority of the DON mass fraction KCRVs (w KCRV ) for CCQM-K154.c spanned a mass fraction range of 9.88 mg/kg to 123.45 mg/kg. The relative expanded uncertainties U(w KCRV ) ranged from 2.8 % to 6.8 %. Inspection of the degree of equivalence plots for the DON mass fraction assignments in CCQM-K154.c indicated that there was an excellent agreement of results. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

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6

Futa, A., and M. Jastrzębska. "The comparison of two polynomial regression models with one and two independent variables in moisture detection technique in building materials." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2911, no. 1 (2024): 012033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2911/1/012033.

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Abstract The paper presents the depiction of moisture detection technique in building materials and contains two techniques of analysis including a detailed comparison of them. Namely, two models of polynomial regression models are presented: the first model with one independent variable and the second, multiple regression model, including two independent variables. The readouts describe the dependence between the moisture of building material evaluated gravimetrically and permittivity and signal voltage values designate by TDR technique. The correlation between the moisture content determined by the TDR and the moisture content appointed gravimetrically is presented. Based on the obtained data, two types of regression models are compared. The property and the quality of both models are discussed.

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7

Josephs, R. D., M. Bedu, A. Daireaux, et al. "Subsequent Bilateral Key Comparison Study - Organic Solvent Calibration Solution - Gravimetric preparation and value assignment of aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in acetonitrile (ACN)." Metrologia 61, no. 1A (2024): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/61/1a/08004.

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Main text The original CCQM-K154.b comparison was coordinated by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) and the Chinese National Institute of Metrology (NIM) on behalf of the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) for National Measurement Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) which provide measurement services in organic analysis under the 'Comité International des Poids et Mesures' Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA) and/or have participated in the BIPM's Mycotoxin Metrology Capacity Building and Knowledge Transfer (MMCBKT) project as part of its "Metrology for Safe Food and Feed in Developing Economies" Capacity Building Programme. Gravimetrically-prepared solutions having an assigned mass fraction of specified organic analytes are routinely used to calibrate measurement processes for the quantification of the same analytes in matrix samples. Appropriate assignments of the property value and associated uncertainty of calibration solutions thus underpin the traceability of routine analysis and are critical for accurate measurements. Evidence of successful participation in relevant international comparisons is needed to document calibration and measurement capability claims (CMCs) made by national metrology institutes and designated institutes. In total, eleven NMIs/DIs participated in the Track C, Model II, Key Comparison CCQM-K154.b [Gravimetric preparation and value assignment of aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in acetonitrile (ACN)] for emerging areas of global interest and innovation. Participants were requested to gravimetrically prepare calibration solutions and value assign the mass fractions, expressed in mg/kg, of aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in the acetonitrile (ACN) solution. Study samples, with assigned values and associated uncertainties were prepared by the comparison participants and sent to the coordinating laboratory for comparison. The Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs), calculated form values measured by the coordinating laboratory based on calibrations obtained from independent gravimetrically prepared calibrant solutions, agreed with participants reported values, within their stated uncertainties. AfB1 was selected to be representative of polar aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are a class of mycotoxins generally produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. It was anticipated to provide a challenge representative for the gravimetrical preparation and value assignment of calibration solutions in the mass fraction range of 2 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg of mycotoxins with broadly similar structural characteristics. In the original study CCQM-K154.b, nine participants of the MMCBKT programme were provided with a stock solution having a known AfB1 mass fraction and expanded uncertainty to use to gravimetrically prepare and value assign a calibration solution. Three NMIs/DIs also participated using their own calibration solutions. The use of in-house solutions required an additional capacity to undertake a fit-for-purpose purity assessment. NIM was the only NMI participating using both the MMCBKT based and their own in-house assigned solutions in order to connect the two different groups. It was decided to propose separate KCRVs for each of the two ampoules provided by the participating NMIs/DIs based on the AfB1 mass fraction. This allowed participants to demonstrate the efficacy of their implementation of the approaches used to gravimetrically prepare calibrations solutions and to assess the AfB1 mass fraction. The majority of the AfB1 mass fraction KCRVs (wKCRV) for CCQM-K154.b spanned a mass fraction range of 2.02 mg/kg to 31.57 mg/kg. The relative expanded uncertainties U(wKCRV) ranged from 0.69 % to 2.93 %. Inspection of the degree of equivalence plots for the AfB1 mass fraction assignments in CCQM-K154.b indicated that there was an excellent agreement of results. Solely, the AfB1 mass fraction assignments of the INRAP (Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique, Tunisia) did not agree with the KCRVs. It was found that the samples were altered as a result of an acid contamination. The INRAP has produced a new batch of AfB1 calibration solution using the AfB1 stock solution originally provided to MMCBKT participants to be able to demonstrate the efficacy of their implementation of the approaches used to gravimetrically prepare calibrations solutions and to assess the AfB1 mass fraction. The BIPM organized the present subsequent bilateral comparison CCQM-K154.b.1 to assess the new batch of AfB1 calibration solution of the INRAP. Inspection of the degree of equivalence plots for the AfB1 mass fraction assignments indicated that there is an excellent agreement of the INRAP results for CCQM-K154.b.1. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

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Hall, Bradley D., Andrew M. Crotwell, Benjamin R. Miller, Michael Schibig, and James W. Elkins. "Gravimetrically prepared carbon dioxide standards in support of atmospheric research." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 1 (2019): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-517-2019.

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Abstract. We have explored a one-step method for gravimetric preparation of CO2-in-air standards in aluminum cylinders. We consider both adsorption to stainless steel surfaces used in the transfer of highly pure CO2 and adsorption of CO2 to cylinder walls. We demonstrate that CO2-in-air standards can be prepared with relatively low uncertainty (∼ 0.04 %, ∼95 % confidence level) by introducing aliquots whose masses are known to high precision and by using well-characterized cylinders. Five gravimetric standards, prepared over the nominal range of 350 to 490 µmol mol−1 (parts per million, ppm), showed excellent internal consistency, with residuals from a linear fit equal to 0.05 ppm. This work compliments efforts to maintain the World Meteorological Organization, Global Atmosphere Watch, mole fraction scale for carbon dioxide in air, widely used for atmospheric monitoring. This gravimetric technique could be extended to other atmospheric trace gases, depending on the vapor pressure of the gas.

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9

Josephs, R. D., M. Bedu, A. Daireaux, et al. "Key Comparison Study - Organic Solvent Calibration Solution - Gravimetric preparation and value assignment of patulin (PAT) in acetonitrile (ACN) with 0.1 % formic acid (FA)." Metrologia 60, no. 1A (2023): 08023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/08023.

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Main text The CCQM-K154.d comparison was coordinated by the the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) and the Chinese National Institute of Metrology (NIM) on behalf of the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) for National Measurement Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) which provide measurement services in organic analysis under the 'Comité International des Poids et Mesures' Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA) and/or have participated in the BIPM's Mycotoxin Metrology Capacity Building and Knowledge Transfer (MMCBKT) project as part of its "Metrology for Safe Food and Feed in Developing Economies" Capacity Building Programme. Gravimetrically-prepared solutions having an assigned mass fraction of specified organic analytes are routinely used to calibrate measurement processes for the quantification of the same analytes in matrix samples. Appropriate assignments of the property value and associated uncertainty of calibration solutions thus underpin the traceability of routine analysis and are critical for accurate measurements. Evidence of successful participation in relevant international comparisons is needed to document calibration and measurement capability claims (CMCs) made by national metrology institutes and designated institutes. In total, twelve NMIs/DIs participated in the Track C, Model II, Key Comparison CCQM-K154.d [Gravimetric preparation and value assignment of patulin (PAT) in acetonitrile (ACN) with 0.1 % formic acid (FA)] for emerging areas of global interest and innovation. Participants were requested to gravimetrically prepare calibration solutions and value assign the mass fractions, expressed in mg/kg, of PAT in ACN with 0.1 % FA solution. Study samples, with assigned values and associated uncertainties were prepared by the comparison participants and sent to the coordinating laboratory for comparison. The Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs), calculated form values measured by the coordinating laboratory based on calibrations obtained from independent gravimetrically prepared calibrant solutions, agreed with participants reported values, within their stated uncertainties. PAT is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of moulds, particularly by fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium. Often found in rotting apples and apple products, PAT can also occur in various other moldy fruits, grains and foods. Major human dietary sources of PAT are apples and apple juice made from affected fruit. PAT is relatively stable when given a short-acting heat-treatment, especially in an acidic environment. It was anticipated to provide a challenge representative for the gravimetrical preparation and value assignment of PAT calibration solutions in the mass fraction range of 10 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg of mycotoxins with broadly similar structural characteristics. Eight participants of the MMCBKT programme were provided with a stock solution having a known PAT mass fraction and expanded uncertainty to use to gravimetrically prepare and value assign a calibration solution. Two NMIs/DIs used reference materials for preparing their solutions while five NMIs/DIs participated using their own calibration solutions. The use of in-house solutions required an additional capacity to undertake a fit-for-purpose purity assessment. NIM was the only NMI participating using both the MMCBKT based and their own in-house assigned solutions in order to connect the two different groups. It was decided to propose separate KCRVs for each of the two ampoules provided by the participating NMIs/DIs based on the PAT mass fraction. This allowed participants to demonstrate the efficacy of their implementation of the approaches used to gravimetrically prepare calibration solutions and to assess the PAT mass fraction. The majority of the PAT mass fraction KCRVs (wKCRV) for CCQM-K154.d spanned a mass fraction range of 9.72 mg/kg to 63.40 mg/kg. The relative expanded uncertainties U(wKCRV) ranged from 2.0 % to 5.4 %. Inspection of the degree of equivalence plots for the PAT mass fraction assignments in CCQM-K154.d indicated that there was an excellent agreement of results. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

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10

Castillo, Maximiliano, Alejandro J. Metta-Magaña, and Skye Fortier. "Isolation of gravimetrically quantifiable alkali metal arenides using 18-crown-6." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 3 (2016): 1923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj02841h.

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Rhoderick, George C., Jennifer Carney, and Franklin R. Guenther. "NIST Gravimetrically Prepared Atmospheric Level Methane in Dry Air Standards Suite." Analytical Chemistry 84, no. 8 (2012): 3802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac300526v.

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Cirelli, Damián, Victor J. Lieffers, and Melvin T. Tyree. "Measuring whole-plant transpiration gravimetrically: a scalable automated system built from components." Trees 26, no. 5 (2012): 1669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-012-0731-6.

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13

Jakubov, E. S., and O. G. Larionov. "The Total Content Adsorption of Binary Liquid Mixtures on NaX Zeolite." Adsorption Science & Technology 16, no. 7 (1998): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749801600704.

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The total content of tetradecene-1/n-dodecane solutions adsorbed in NaX zeolite has been measured gravimetrically at 303.15, 333.15 and 363.15 K. The total content data together with the excess adsorption values have been used for the calculation of the individual (absolute) adsorption isotherms and the basic thermodynamic characteristics of the system.

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Kimura, R., L. D. Traber, D. N. Herndon, H. A. Linares, H. J. Lubbesmeyer, and D. L. Traber. "Increasing duration of smoke exposure induces more severe lung injury in sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 3 (1988): 1107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.3.1107.

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Eighteen sheep previously prepared for chronic study were divided into three groups of six animals each. These were given graded inhalation injury utilizing smoke obtained from burning cotton-toweling material. Smoke was insufflated into animals with a modified bee smoker at temperatures less than 40 degrees C. Group H, which received 64 breaths of smoke, showed the most pronounced changes in pulmonary function. The changes consisted mainly of a profound increase in lung lymph flow following a reduced P/F ratio (PO2 in arterial blood/inspired O2 fraction) and an elevation in both thermal and gravimetrically measured extravascular lung water. Similar changes were seen in group M (48 breaths of smoke) and group L (32 breaths of smoke). However, the injury was graded based on the changes in gravimetrically measured lung water and lung lymph flow. These were highest in group H and lowest in group L. These studies confirm our ability to accurately quantitate the injury induced by smoke inhalation. In addition, it demonstrates that lung injury associated with the inhalation of smoke can be graded depending on the duration of exposure.

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Navarro, J. M., and L. A. Velasco. "Comparison of two Methods for Measuring Filtration Rate in Filter Feeding Bivalves." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 3 (2003): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403007471h.

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The filter feeding bivalves Mulinia edulis and Mytilus chilensis, were exposed to a broad spectrum of concentrations and qualities of seston in order to compare the results of filtration rates measured volumetrically and gravimetrically, by both the traditional clearance method of Coughlan (1969) and the biodeposits method. Filtration rates, measured gravimetrically by both methods, tended to give similar results for both species, increasing with increase in seston and with decrease in seston organic content. With volumetric measurements, the filtration rates for both species also increased with the concentration of seston, however, in Mulinia edulis, the effect of the organic content of the food was less than that observed using gravimetric units, which is seen in the smaller slope of the regression equation (TFRv=−0·49). In the case of Mytilus chilensis there was no verifiable effect of the quality of the food on the filtration rate when expressed on a volume basis. The filtration rates of Mulinia and Mytilus measured by two methods and two units showed a similar behaviour with increase in the concentration of seston.

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Benáková, Martina, Tereza Kulovaná, and Miloš Jerman. "Moisture Migration in High Strength Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 982 (July 2014): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.982.63.

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Moisture transport in high strength concrete is investigated in this paper. The experiment that involves the water suction is carried out in a long-term. The moisture profiles are measured by non-destructive capacitance method, the last profile is determined gravimetrically. The suction experiment is carried out in isothermal condition at the temperature of 22±1 °C and 25-30% relative humidity.

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Gimenez, Mario E., Carla Braitenberg, M. Patricia Martinez, and Antonio Introcaso. "A Comparative Analysis of Seismological and Gravimetric Crustal Thicknesses below the Andean Region with Flat Subduction of the Nazca Plate." International Journal of Geophysics 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/607458.

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A gravimetric study was carried out in a region of the Central Andean Range between28∘and32∘south latitudes and from72∘and66∘west longitudes. The seismological and gravimetrical Moho models were compared in a sector which coincides with the seismological stations of the CHARGE project. The comparison reveals discrepancies between the gravity Moho depths and those obtained from seismological investigations (CHARGE project), the latter giving deeper values than those resulting from the gravimetric inversion. These discrepancies are attenuated when the positive gravimetric effect of the Nazca plate is considered. Nonetheless, a small residuum of about 5 km remains beneath the Cuyania terrane region, to the east of the main Andean chain. This residuum could be gravimetrically justified if the existence of a high density or eclogitized portion of the lower crust is considered. This result differed from the interpretations from Project “CHARGE” which revealed that the entire inferior crust extending from the Precordillera to the occidental “Sierras Pampeanas” could be “eclogitized”. In this same sector, we calculated the effective elastic thickness (Te) of the crust. These results indicated an anomalous value of Te = 30 km below the Cuyania terrane. This is further conclusive evidence of the fact that the Cuyania terrane is allochthonous, for which also geological evidences exist.

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Allen, Nicholas D. C., David R. Worton, Paul J. Brewer, Celine Pascale, and Bernhard Niederhauser. "The importance of cylinder passivation for preparation and long-term stability of multicomponent monoterpene primary reference materials." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 12 (2018): 6429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6429-2018.

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Abstract. Monoterpenes play an important role in atmospheric chemistry due to their large anthropogenic and biogenic emission sources and high chemical reactivity. As a consequence, measurements are required to assess how changes in emissions of monoterpenes impact air quality. Accurate and comparable measurements of monoterpenes in indoor and outdoor environments require gaseous primary reference materials (PRMs) that are traceable to the international system of units (SI). PRMs of monoterpenes are challenging to produce due to the high chemical reactivity and low vapour pressures of monoterpenes and also their propensity to convert into other compounds, including other terpenes. In this paper, the long-term stability of gravimetrically prepared static monoterpene PRMs produced in differently passivated cylinders, including sampling canisters, was assessed. We demonstrate that static PRMs of multiple monoterpenes can be prepared and used as a suitable long-term standard. For the first time the effect of cylinder pressure and decanting from one cylinder to another on the chemical composition and amount fraction of monoterpenes was also studied. Gravimetrically prepared PRMs of limonene in high pressure cylinders were compared to a novel portable dynamic reference gas generator based on dilution of pure limonene vapour emitted from a permeation tube.

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Guo, Shuanbao, Pengcheng Xu, Haitao Yu, Zhenxing Cheng, and Xinxin Li. "Synergistic improvement of gas sensing performance by micro-gravimetrically extracted kinetic/thermodynamic parameters." Analytica Chimica Acta 863 (March 2015): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2015.01.019.

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20

Jiang, Zhiheng, and Henri Duquenne. "On the combined adjustment of a gravimetrically determined geoid and GPS levelling stations." Journal of Geodesy 70, no. 8 (1996): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001900050039.

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Jiang, Zhiheng, and Henri Duquenne. "On the combined adjustment of a gravimetrically determined geoid and GPS levelling stations." Journal of Geodesy 70, no. 8 (1996): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00863623.

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Otten, Kathrin A., Klaus Littmann, Ragna L. Fege, and Xenia Oremek. "Modelling the Influence of Hydrophobic Treatment on the Electrical Conductivity of Mortar and Brick." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 21, no. 2-3 (2015): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2015-0007.

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Abstract This study evaluates the suitability of electrical resistance-based moisture content measurements, which are known to guarantee reliable values for moisture contents of wood, when applied to selected mineral building materials with and without water-repellent treatment. For the testing specimens of cement – mortar and solid brick were produced – the water-repellent treatment for the mortar specimens was carried out both by internal hydrophobization and surface treatment, while the bricks were hydrophobized by surface treatment only. For the measurements of electrical resistance electrodes were inserted into the specimens. For this purpose a borehole was drilled and the measuring point at the tip of the electrodes was glued conductively into the material. The remaining outer part of the electrodes was sealed with electrically isolating glue in order to establish a conductive connection in the middle of the specimens only. After storage at different relative humidity, the electrical resistance of the specimens was recorded using data logging devices. Based on gravimetrically measured moisture contents resistance characteristics for each material were established. A satisfying accuracy resulting from the comparison between gravimetrically measured and mathematically calculated material moisture contents confirmed the suitability of electrical resistance based moisture content measurements for selected treated and untreated mineral materials.

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23

Winkler, Andreas, Deborah Riedel, Daniel Alexandre Neuwald, and Moritz Knoche. "Water Influx through the Wetted Surface of a Sweet Cherry Fruit: Evidence for an Associated Solute Efflux." Plants 9, no. 4 (2020): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9040440.

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Sweet cherries are susceptible to rain-cracking. The fruit skin is permeable to water, but also to solutes. The objectives of this study were to (1) establish whether a solute efflux occurs when a sweet cherry fruit is incubated in water; (2) identify the solutes involved; (3) identify the mechanism(s) of efflux; and (4) quantify any changes in solute efflux occurring during development and storage. Solute efflux was gravimetrically measured in wetted fruit as the increasing dry mass of the bathing solution, and anthocyanin efflux was measured spectrophotometrically. Solute and anthocyanin effluxes from a wetted fruit and water influx increased with time. All fluxes were higher for the cracked than for the non-cracked fruit. The effluxes of osmolytes and anthocyanins were positively correlated. Solute efflux depended on the stage of development and on the cultivar. In ‘Regina’, the solute efflux was lowest during stage II (25 days after full bloom (DAFB)), highest for mid-stage III (55 DAFB), and slightly lower at maturity (77 DAFB). In contrast with ‘Regina’, solute efflux in ‘Burlat’ increased continuously towards maturity, being 4.8-fold higher than in ‘Regina’. Results showed that solute efflux occurred from wetted fruit. The gravimetrically determined water uptake represents a net mass change—the result of an influx minus a solute efflux.

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Jastrzębska, M., A. Futa, and Z. Suchorab. "The linear regression model to evaluate material moisture using reflectometric technique." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2628, no. 1 (2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2628/1/012007.

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Abstract The paper presents the linear regression model of moisture detection technique in the building material (clinker brick). In particular, the assumptions of linear regression model, which play very important role, are emphasized. The obtained data present the dependence between the moisture of clinker brick, evaluated gravimetrically and permittivity values determined by TDR technique. Using the achieved data, the optimal regression model is obtained and the advantages of applying the linear regression model are discussed.

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25

Proebstle, T. M., V. Schneiders, and J. Knop. "Gravimetrically Controlled Efficacy of Subcorial Curettage: A Prospective Study for Treatment of Axillary Hyperhidrosis." Dermatologic Surgery 28, no. 11 (2002): 1022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.02104.x.

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26

Nara, Hideki, Takuya Saito, Taku Umezawa, and Yasunori Tohjima. "A high-accuracy dynamic dilution method for generating reference gas mixtures of carbonyl sulfide at sub-nanomole-per-mole levels for long-term atmospheric observation." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 17, no. 17 (2024): 5187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5187-2024.

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Abstract. Atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (COS) has received increasing attention as a potential tracer for investigating the global carbon cycle. Owing to the irreversible photosynthetic absorption of COS, changes in the atmospheric COS mole fraction can be related to terrestrial gross primary production. However, the instability of COS in high-pressure cylinders has hampered the accurate determination of atmospheric COS. Here, we report a dynamic dilution method for generating reference gas mixtures containing COS at ambient levels (ca. 500 pmol mol−1). Our method combined a dynamic dilution system employing a high-accuracy mass flow measurement system and a dry reference gas mixture prepared gravimetrically as a parent gas mixture containing a micromole-per-mole level of COS filled in a high-pressure aluminium cylinder. The storage stability of COS at this level was experimentally validated for three gravimetrically prepared dry reference gases over a period of more than 1 decade. We evaluated the dilution performance of the developed method using a gravimetric parent gas mixture containing approximately 1 µmol mol−1 of COS and chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22). Excellent repeatability (0.2 % for COS and 0.4 % for HCFC-22 in terms of relative standard deviation; RSD), reproducibility (COS: 0.1 %; HCFC-22: 0.3 %), and dilution linearity (R2>0.99 for both COS and HCFC-22) were obtained and were corroborated by the nearly constant ratio of the normalized gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) response of COS to HCFC-22. The dilution accuracy was examined by comparing the determined HCFC-22 mole fractions in a dynamically diluted parent gas mixture from a mass flow rate measurement system and GC/MS calibrated using a gravimetrically diluted parent gas mixture. The mole fractions of HCFC-22 from these two methods agreed within an acceptable difference of approximately 2 pmol mol−1, validating the dilution accuracy of the developed method. By re-evaluating the experimental data, we determined the mole fractions of COS and HCFC-22 in an ambient-air-based reference gas mixture, with relative standard deviations of 0.1 % for COS and 0.3 % for HCFC-22. These results demonstrated that the developed method can accurately generate reference gas mixtures containing COS at ambient levels, which we expect will support long-term observations of atmospheric COS.

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N. Hamad, Maha, and Dhuha A. Abdul-Hussain. "Gravimetric Estimation of Caffeine in Different Commercial Kinds of Tea Found in the Iraqi Market." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 19, no. 2 (2017): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol19iss2pp48-53.

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Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), which is the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, had been isolated and estimated gravimetrically in fifteen different commercial kinds of tea found in the Iraqi market.The kinds of tea were chosen according to their differences in the degree of fermentation and the method of processing i.e. black , gray and green . The isolated caffeine was identified by melting point, sublimation, TLC, chemical tests, UV , IR , HPLC and CHNO analysis.  Key words: Caffeine, Purine, tea.

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28

Lim, Jeong Sik, Miyeon Park, Jinbok Lee, and Jeongsoon Lee. "Validation of spectroscopic gas analyzer accuracy using gravimetric standard gas mixtures: impact of background gas composition on CO<sub>2</sub> quantitation by cavity ring-down spectroscopy." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 12 (2017): 4613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4613-2017.

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Abstract. The effect of background gas composition on the measurement of CO2 levels was investigated by wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectrometry (WS-CRDS) employing a spectral line centered at the R(1) of the (3 00 1)III ← (0 0 0) band. For this purpose, eight cylinders with various gas compositions were gravimetrically and volumetrically prepared within 2σ = 0.1 %, and these gas mixtures were introduced into the WS-CRDS analyzer calibrated against standards of ambient air composition. Depending on the gas composition, deviations between CRDS-determined and gravimetrically (or volumetrically) assigned CO2 concentrations ranged from −9.77 to 5.36 µmol mol−1, e.g., excess N2 exhibited a negative deviation, whereas excess Ar showed a positive one. The total pressure broadening coefficients (TPBCs) obtained from the composition of N2, O2, and Ar thoroughly corrected the deviations up to −0.5 to 0.6 µmol mol−1, while these values were −0.43 to 1.43 µmol mol−1 considering PBCs induced by only N2. The use of TPBC enhanced deviations to be corrected to ∼ 0.15 %. Furthermore, the above correction linearly shifted CRDS responses for a large extent of TPBCs ranging from 0.065 to 0.081 cm−1 atm−1. Thus, accurate measurements using optical intensity-based techniques such as WS-CRDS require TPBC-based instrument calibration or use standards prepared in the same background composition of ambient air.

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Polukhina, T. "Commercial Indicators of Stock Salvia stepposa L. Sage Harvested in Astrakhan Region." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 7 (2020): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/56/09.

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Abstract. This article presents the results of commercial scientific indicators of steppe sage raw materials harvested in the Astrakhan region: humidity, total ash, ash insoluble in a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid and determined the quantitative content of the sum of extractive substances. Determination of extractives in the raw materials sage steppe performed gravimetrically. All received data are statistically processed. In conclusion, recommendations for the use of the highest quality and optimal methods for determining the content of substances in the sage.

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30

Jastrzębska, M., and A. Futa. "The evaluation of building materials moisture using the Analysis of Covariance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2911, no. 1 (2024): 012032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2911/1/012032.

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Abstract The paper presents the evaluation of some building materials moisture using the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The readouts present the dependence between the moisture of material, evaluated gravimetrically and permittivity values determined by TDR technique. Thanks to the ANCOVA method, it is possible to determine the moisture content in the particular materials regardless of the sensor construction and type of material. Additionally, in order to compare, the data obtained in the research also were analyzed using the traditional linear regression models.

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31

Bondareva, S. O., M. F. Abdullin, and T. R. Nugumanov. "Neodecanoic Acid Diamides as Inhibitors of Acid Corrosion of Low-Carbon Steel." Журнал прикладной химии, no. 3 (December 15, 2023): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044461823030088.

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Neodecanoic acid diamides were prepared by a simple one-step procedure involving condensation of neodecanoic acid with diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, and pentaethylenehexamine. The inhibiting effect of these diamides on the corrosion of St3 low-carbon steel in 2 М H2SO4 and in 1 and 5 М HCl was studied gravimetrically. All the compounds synthesized efficiently inhibit the steel corrosion with the degree of protection at room temperature of 94–95% in 2 М H2SO4 and 96–97% in 1 М HCl.

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32

Polukhina, T. "Commercial Indicators of Stock Salvia stepposa L. Sage Harvested in Astrakhan Region." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 7 (2020): 88–92. https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/56/09.

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This article presents the results of commercial scientific indicators of steppe sage raw materials harvested in the Astrakhan region: humidity, total ash, ash insoluble in a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid and determined the quantitative content of the sum of extractive substances. Determination of extractives in the raw materials sage steppe performed gravimetrically. All received data are statistically processed. In conclusion, recommendations for the use of the highest quality and optimal methods for determining the content of substances in the sage.

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33

Cizner, J., J. Hruška, and J. Mlnařík. "Operation corrosion test of austenitic steel bends for supercritical coal boilers." Koroze a ochrana materialu 60, no. 1 (2016): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kom-2016-0005.

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Abstract Corrosion tests of both annealed and not annealed bends of HR3C and S304H steels in operation conditions of black and brown coal combustion boilers in EPRU and EDE. After a long-term exposure, the samples were assessed gravimetrically and metallographically. The comparison of annealed and unannealed states showed higher corrosion rates in the annealed state; corrosion of the sample surface did not essentially differ for compression and tensile parts of the beams. Detailed assessment of both steels is described in detail in this study.

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34

Szittnick, A., H. G. Krull, C. Gaber, M. Demuth, C. Hochenauer, and S. Schwarz. "Impact of process gases on scale formation when heating tool steels." Practical Metallography 62, no. 4 (2025): 258–71. https://doi.org/10.1515/pm-2025-0019.

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Abstract Three steel grades, 1.2322, 1.2379 and 1.8550, were heated using a natural gas/oxygen and a hydrogen/oxygen mixture and scale formation on these steels was determined gravimetrically and examined by microprobe analysis. No differences in the structure and composition of the scale were observed when using a hydrogen-heated instead of natural gas-heated furnace. Even though a thicker scale layer must be expected when using natural gas instead of hydrogen, no differences in terms of decarburization were found between the process gases used.

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35

Gu, Wen Juan, Xiao Hui Zhang, and Jie Li. "Preparation of PVAc Particles by Dispersion Polymerization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 1134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.1134.

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Highly uniform polyvinylacetate particles of submicron size were prepared by dispersion polymerization in mixed media of isopropanol and water initiated by redox initiator of NaHSO3 and K2S2O8 using poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) as stabilizer. Monomer conversion was studied gravimetrically. Both the morphology and the size of the particles were measured by TEM. The influences of various polymerization parameters, such as monomer concentration, stabilizer content, on the particle properties were systematically investigated. The PVAc particles synthesized in this research were mono-disperse spheres with the diameter between 100-1000 nm.

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36

Downer, A. James, Ben Faber, and Richard White. "EFFECTS OF HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS AND ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON ESTABLISHMENT OF KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 588a—588. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.588a.

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Three polymers (a polyacrylamide, polyacrylate and a propenoate-propenamide copolymer) and three organic amendments (peat moss, wood shavings, and composted yardwaste) were incorporated at five rates in a sandy soil to 15cm depth. Soil moisture content was determined by time domain reflectometry and gravimetrically. Only the highest polymer rates (2928kg/ha [60#/1000sq.ft.]) produced significant increases in soil moisture content and reductions of soil bulk density. Peat moss and yardwaste increased soil water content while shavings decreased water content. Turf quality scores were not affected by polymers but were initially reduced by yardwaste and shavings.

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37

Nguyen, Minhtri K., Vahram Ornekian, Anthony W. Butch, and Ira Kurtz. "A new method for determining plasma water content: application in pseudohyponatremia." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 292, no. 5 (2007): F1652—F1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00493.2006.

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Pseudohyponatremia is a clinical condition characterized by an increased fraction of protein or lipid in plasma, thereby resulting in an artificially low plasma sodium concentration ([Na+]p). Since the automated method of measuring [Na+]pin most laboratories involves the use of an indirect ion-selective electrode (I-ISE), this method does not correct for elevated protein or lipid concentrations. In I-ISE, the plasma sample is diluted before the actual measurement is obtained, and the [Na+]pis determined based on the assumption that plasma is normally composed of 93% plasma water. Therefore, the [Na+]pas determined by I-ISE will be artificially low in clinical conditions when the plasma water content (PWC) is <93%. In contrast, the plasma is not diluted when the [Na+]pis measured using direct ISE (D-ISE). This method directly measures Na+activity in plasma water and is therefore unaffected by the proportion of plasma occupied by water. In this study, we report a novel quantitative method for determining the PWC utilizing I-ISE and D-ISE. To validate this new method experimentally, we altered the PWC in vitro by dissolving varying amount of salt-free albumin in human plasma. We then measured PWC gravimetrically in each sample and compared the gravimetrically determined PWC with the ISE-determined PWC. Our findings indicate that the PWC can be accurately determined based on differences in the [Na+]pas measured by I-ISE and D-ISE and that this new quantitative method can be a useful adjunct in the analysis of the dysnatremias.

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38

Shimosaka, Takuya, Nobuhiro Matsumoto, and Kenji Kato. "High-precision GC-TCD for verification of gravimetrically prepared primary gas standards of oxygen in nitrogen." Anal. Methods 3, no. 2 (2011): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ay00397b.

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39

Asmariani, Asmariani, and Sri Fatmah Sari. "Verifikasi Metode Uji Kadar Air Terhadap Pakan Buatan." Jurnal FishtecH 8, no. 2 (2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/fishtech.v8i2.7597.

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The verification test method of water content in this study including precision and accuracy parameters. Precision can be seen based on repetition (repeatability) and ignorance (reproducibility). While the accuracy has done by looking at the percent recovery (PK, % recovery). In this study, the verification method analysis of the water analyzes method content in an artificial feed is carried out gravimetrically based on the SNI method. The result of this study obtained that the analysis of water quality has qualified ripitabilty, reproducibility, and accuracy because RSD analysis obtained the smaller value than 2/3 of RD Horwitz.

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40

Zelinger, Zdeněk, Zlata Papoušková, Marie Jakoubková, and Pavel Engst. "Determination of trace quantities of freon by laser optoacoustic detection and classical infrared spectroscopy." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no. 4 (1988): 749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19880749.

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The sensitivity threshold was determined for a homebuilt apparatus with laser optoacoustic detection, enabling gases absorbing in the range of emission by the CO2 laser used to be detected selectively in trace concentrations. Gravimetrically calibrated homemade permeation tubes containing Freon 11 (CCl3F) were used, and a sensitivity threshold of 20 ppb was established. The dependence of the optoacoustic signal on the concentration of Freon 11 was measured in the dynamic mode; this concentration is given by the permeation standard type, carrier gas flow rate, and temperature. Classical IR spectroscopic measurements in the static mode were also performed.

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41

INDU, BHUSHAN SHARMA, and BATRA SULEKHA. "Kinetics of Formation of MgCr2O4 in the Solid State and its Characterisation." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 65, Apr 1988 (1988): 243–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6024236.

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Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu-180 004 <em>Manuscript received 10 August 1987, revised 18 January 1988, accepted 3 February 1988</em> Kinetics of solid state reaction between MgO and Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, has been investigated gravimetrically. The data follow Kroger—Ziegler equation for diffusion-controlled reactions. Elemental analysis and X-ray diffractometry indicate stoichiometry of the product as MgCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Effects of doping, oxygen atmosphere and compaction on the reaction rates have been investigated. Magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity as functions of temperature, have been studied.

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42

Płanda, M., P. Staszczuk, and J. Pękalska. "Correlation between Adsorption and Porosity Properties of Alumina Samples as Obtained from Classical Adsorption and Thermal Analysis Methods." Adsorption Science & Technology 19, no. 5 (2001): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0263617011494231.

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The thermodesorption of benzene and water from alumina samples saturated in vacuum desiccators was studied under quasi-equilibrium conditions. The Q-TG and Q-DTG curves obtained showed multi-step weight losses associated with the evaporation of liquid from pores and physisorbed liquid films from active centres of different energy. The adsorption/desorption isotherms of nitrogen on porous alumina samples were measured using sorptiomatic methods allowing the calculation of the corresponding pore size distribution functions. The water vapour sorption isotherms were measured gravimetrically employing an apparatus fitted with a McBain microbalance. A correlation between the porosity parameters and the volume of desorbed liquid is presented illustrating the good agreement obtained.

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43

Hadi, Hasan A. "Modification of Surface Properties of Silicon Wafers by Laser-Assisted Electrochemical Etching." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 80 (December 2018): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.80.30.

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In this paper, the structural properties of porous silicon layer PSL were reported. Photo-assisted (laser) electrochemical etching PECE technique used to fabrication PSL from n-type wafer silicon as a function of etching time. Optical microscopy OM image is confirmed that the surface topography of porous silicon layer formation was a mud-like structure. The porosity and thickness have been determined gravimetrically are varied from 61% to 82% and 7.2 µm to 9.4µm respectively. The XRD patterns show that one diffraction peak for all PSL through anodization duration and it is assigned to the (400) plane and data confirmed the porous silicon PS was nanocrystalline.

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44

Hamdaoui, Mohamed, Nesma Sawssen Achour, and Sassi Ben Nasrallah. "The Influence of Woven Fabric Structure on Kinetics of Water Sorption." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 9, no. 1 (2014): 155892501400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501400900112.

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In this paper, the results of an experimental study designed to determine the kinetics of water sorption on cotton fabrics are presented. The dynamic water sorption of cotton fabrics was gravimetrically investigated at 20°C by using an experimental device, which assured the vertical suspension of the cloth surface and permitted the measurement of the mass of liquid rising in the fabric. A good fit of the experimental data with the parallel exponential kinetics model was found. The results show that the weave structure and the number of yarns per centimeter had a significant influence on the model parameters and the kinetic rate of sorption.

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Hadi, Hasan A. "Modification of Surface Properties of Silicon Wafers by Laser-Assisted Electrochemical Etching." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 80 (December 4, 2018): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-ild1c1.

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In this paper, the structural properties of porous silicon layer PSL were reported. Photo-assisted (laser) electrochemical etching PECE technique used to fabrication PSL from n-type wafer silicon as a function of etching time. Optical microscopy OM image is confirmed that the surface topography of porous silicon layer formation was a mud-like structure. The porosity and thickness have been determined gravimetrically are varied from 61% to 82% and 7.2 µm to 9.4µm respectively. The XRD patterns show that one diffraction peak for all PSL through anodization duration and it is assigned to the (400) plane and data confirmed the porous silicon PS was nanocrystalline.

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46

DARABANEANU, STEPHANIE, HORIA-ALFRED DARABANEANU, UWE NIEDERBERGER, PAUL A. J. RUSSO, STEPHAN LISCHNER, and AXEL HAUSCHILD. "Long-Term Efficacy of Subcutaneous Sweat Gland Suction Curettage for Axillary Hyperhidrosis: A Prospective Gravimetrically Controlled Study." Dermatologic Surgery 34, no. 9 (2008): 1170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2008.34255.x.

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47

Maier, Christoph, Alexander Beckmann, Armin Wittmann, Klaus Peter Koch, and Georg Fischer. "Investigation of the Discrepancy Between Optically and Gravimetrically Calculated Fiber Volume Fraction in Flax-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer." Journal of Composites Science 9, no. 3 (2025): 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9030103.

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The fiber volume fraction significantly influences the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites. However, accurate measurements can be particularly challenging in natural-fiber-reinforced polymers. This study compared indirect methods using gravimetric and volumetric measurements with a U-Net-based direct method using micro-CT images for flax-fiber-reinforced polymers made via compression molding at 2.33–13.5 bar. A notable discrepancy was observed between the direct and indirect methods, with the latter yielding a fiber volume fraction approximately 25% lower than what could be determined optically. This difference arose from the matrix being absorbed by the fibers, resulting in a mixed region between dry fiber and pure matrix, further explained using a four-phase model. Our findings indicate that the volume fraction depended on the applied pressure. Specifically, we established a linear relationship between the fiber volume fraction and the pressure up to 9.4 bar, beyond which the fiber volume fraction plateaued. Furthermore, we examined the impact of void distribution in relation to pressure. At lower pressures, voids were distributed irregularly throughout the composite, whereas at higher pressures, the overall number of voids decreased, and they tended to concentrate primarily in the center.

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48

Kerdoncuff, Hugo, Lisa C. Deleebeeck, and Mikael Lassen. "Quantitative Fiber-Enhanced Raman Sensing of Inorganic Nitrogen Species in Water." Chemosensors 9, no. 2 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9020029.

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Fast and efficient water quality monitoring is essential in the pursuit of reducing the impact of human activities on the environment. We address this issue by presenting a sensing system and method based on Raman spectroscopy in liquid-filled capillaries, that enables quantitative measurement of polyatomic anions in solution. We demonstrate quantitative measurement of nitrate concentrations in water via multivariate analysis with partial least squares regression. We achieve a limit of detection of 0.13 millimolar for a measurement time of 30 s. Our Raman method is compared with gravimetrically measured concentration with good agreement and reproducibility. The Raman monitoring method can be performed in a continuous manner, thus suitable for fast continuous monitoring of water and wastewater quality.

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49

Brown, Lisa M., Kathleen D. Liu, and Michael A. Matthay. "Measurement of extravascular lung water using the single indicator method in patients: research and potential clinical value." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 297, no. 4 (2009): L547—L558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00127.2009.

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Extravascular lung water includes all of the fluid within the lung but outside of the vasculature. Lung water increases as a result of increased hydrostatic vascular pressure or from an increase in lung endothelial and epithelial permeability or both. Experimentally, extravascular lung water has been measured gravimetrically. Clinically, the chest radiograph is used to determine whether extravascular lung water is present but is an insensitive instrument for determining the quantity of lung water. Bedside measurement of extravascular lung water in patients is now possible using a single indicator thermodilution method. This review critically evaluates the experimental and clinical evidence supporting the potential value of measuring extravascular lung water in patients using the single indicator method.

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50

Nadler, A., and Y. Lapid. "An Improved capacitance sensor for in situ monitoring of soil moisture." Soil Research 34, no. 3 (1996): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960361.

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A low-power, capacitance-based penetrating soil moisture sensor (SMS) is presented. The SMS is battery-operated, inexpensive, and simple to use. The sensor differs from previous capacitance-based devices in 2 aspects: the measured matrix is contained within the sensor; and the air space between the soil and the probe, which adds an undesirable background, is reduced. Soil moisture changes, not dependent on salinity, correlated well with both water matric potential and water content determined gravimetrically. An SMS installed at 0.45 m depth produced a voltage drop of ~15 mV for each mm of applied irrigation water. The SMS is suitable for controlling irrigation, detecting leaks from disposal containers, fuel tanks, or water reservoirs, and monitoring liquid level.

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