Journal articles: 'Graviola Extract'

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Kim, Goon-Tae, Nguyen Khoi Song Tran, Eun-Hye Choi, et al. "Immunomodulatory Efficacy of StandardizedAnnona muricata(Graviola) Leaf Extract via Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways in RAW 264.7 Macrophages." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2905127.

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Annona muricata, commonly known as Graviola, has been utilized as a traditional medicine to treat various human diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the immune-enhancing activity of Graviola leaf extracts in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Active ingredients in Graviola leaf extracts (GE) were identified as kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside by LC-MS/MS. When treated with steam or 50% ethanol GE, cell morphology was altered due to initiation of cell differentiation. While the cell viability was not altered by the steam GE, it was reduced by the ethanol GE. Both steam and ethanol GE induced the transcriptional expression of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-1β, but only the steam extract upregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In consistence with mRNA expression, the production of TNF-αand nitrite was elevated by both steam and ethanol extracts of Graviola leaves. This is mainly due to activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways. These results suggest that Graviola leaves enhance immunity by activation of the MAP kinase pathways. These bioactive properties of Graviola indicate its potential as a health-promoting ingredient to boost the immune system.

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Hashem, Saba Aws, Luay Abu Qatouseh, Eyad Mallah, et al. "The Effect of Graviola Leaves Extract (Annona muricata L.) on Pharmacokinetic of Metformin in Rats’ Plasma and Pharmacological Activity of their Combination on Breast and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 16, no. 1 (2023): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2613.

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Objectives: Metformin is the most widely given medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Annona muricata L. is a medicinal plant that belongs to the family Annonaceae, popularly known as graviola. Graviola leaves extract was found useful against diabetes, headache, insomnia, cystitis, inflammation, cancer, and other health benefits. The objectives of the current study are to investigate the effect of graviola leaves extract on metformin pharmacokinetics in rat plasma by applying high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method as well as its pharmacological effects on breast cancer (MCF-7) cells and prostate cancer (DU-145) cells. Methods: Wistar rats were classified into two groups; the first group (control group) received metformin (20 mg/kg) alone by oral gavage, while the second group, was administered a combination of metformin (20 mg/kg) and graviola leaves extract (20 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected at different time intervals to be analyzed using a validated HPLC method. Plasma profile and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each group. In addition, blood glucose levels at 0 hours and after 2 hours of metformin administration were measured in both groups. Breast cancer (MCF-7) cells and prostate cancer (DU-145) cells were used to investigate the anticancer effect of metformin (40 mg/ml), graviola leaves extract (20 mg/ml) and their combination by the standard MTT assay. Results: In the first group, metformin maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the area under the curve (AUC0-last) were (1509.25 ng/ml and 8705.59 h*ng/ml) respectively. In the second group, Pre-administration of graviola leaves extract significantly reduced MET (Cmax) and (AUC0-last), (701.88 ng/ml and 3467.72 h*ng/ml), respectively (P ≤0.05). Further, the use of metformin and graviola leaves extract separately showed strong anticancer activity on (MCF-7) cell lines with IC50 values of (10 and 20 mg/ml), respectively as well as on (DU-145) cell lines with IC50 value of (0.3125 and 5 mg/ml), respectively. In addition, the combination of metformin and graviola leaves extract showed a synergistic effect on (MCF-7) cells since the fractional inhibitory concentration value (FIC = 0.375) was less than 0.5, while it showed an additive effect on (DU-145) cells since the fractional inhibitory concentration value (FIC = 1.5) was between (0.5 and 4). Conclusion: In the current study, pre-administration of graviola leaves extract significantly reduced efficacy of metformin In vivo. The combination of metformin and graviola leaves extract showed a synergistic anticancer effect on breast cancer in vitro, while the combination has an additive effect on prostate cancer. The combination could be a potential therapeutic option to help treat breast cancer. The result achieved in this study is very encouraging to be considered for further investigation.

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Yasser, D. H., and N. A. Ali. "Effect of Adding Different Concentrations of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extract of Garviola (Annona Muricata) Leaves to Drinking Water on Productive Performance of Laying Hens." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1449, no. 1 (2025): 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1449/1/012002.

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Abstract The research was conducted in one of the fields of Babylon, and the field experiment lasted 16 weeks (4 periods of 4 weeks each) that began on November 20, 2023 and ended on March 10, 2024. The research aimed to know the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Garviola (Annona muricata) leaves In drinking water on the performance of laying hens. Lohman laying hens,(105)chicken were raised at the age of 65 weeks, and the period was divided into 4 experimental periods (66-69) weeks, (70-73) weeks, (74-77) weeks, and (78-78) weeks. All birds were fed according to the recommendations of the Lohmann White Guide and were distributed into 21 groups with 7 experimental treatments consisting of 15 birds. Each treatment included three replicates, each containing five birds. First treatment: control group. T2: 15 ml of aqueous extract of graviola leaves to water at a concentration of 1%/1. T3: 30 ml of 1% aqueous extract. Concentrate the aqueous extract of graviola leaves in 30 ml of water. T4: Add 45 ml of aqueous extract. T5: Contains 15 ml of alcoholic extract of garviola leaves at a concentration of 1% per liter of water. T6: Add 30 ml of alcoholic extract of graviola leaves at a concentration of 1% per liter of water. T7: Add 45 ml of alcoholic extract of graviola leaves at a concentration of 1% per liter of water consumed. The results of the study indicated: There was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in egg production for the additional treatments (second, third, foruth, fifth, and sixth) compared to the first treatment.

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R, Ranjithkumar, Chandar Shekar B, Senthil Kumaran C.K, Sharmila C, and Simi V. "GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING GRAVIOLA LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT AT ROOM TEMPERATURE." Kongunadu Research Journal 2, no. 2 (2015): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj86.

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Improvement of green route for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with plant extracts plays a very important role in nanotechnology without any harmful chemicals. The present investigation demonstrates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by treating silver nitrate with Graviola leaf extract at room temperature.The effect of the extract on the formation of silver nanoparticles was characterized by UV-Vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. The UV-Vis spectra results show a strong resonance centered on the surface of silvernanoparticles (AgNPs) at 400-450 nm. The Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy spectral study demonstrates Graviola leaf aqueous extract acted as the reducing and stabilizing agent during the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. XRD and SEM studies revealed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles shows spherical in shape with average particles size around 30-70 nm.

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Kimi, Melody, and Mohd Hazwan Hamdi. "Direct extraction of chitosan from snail shells by natural deep eutectic solvent." Current Chemistry Letters 12, no. 2 (2023): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2023.1.001.

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The processes involved to extract chitosan biopolymers from natural resources often employ hazardous chemicals and long processing time. This work provides a sustainable direct extraction method of chitosan from snail shells. Previous attempts using acetogenin in graviola extracts succeeded in the extraction of chitosan from marine shells. However, the slow reaction has prompted the addition of hydrogen bond acceptor solution into the graviola extract. Choline chloride is an excellent hydrogen bond acceptor mixed with acetogenin as hydrogen bond donor to form natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) for the direct extraction of chitosan. Chitosan obtained from this method has a degree of deacetylation of 91% and a molecular weight of 481 kDa with fiber-like morphology. The direct extraction of chitosan from NADES consisting of choline chloride and acetogenin has proven to extract chitosan with comparable properties to commercial chitosan.

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Kim, Goon-Tae, Kyung-Hee Cho, Amitesh Sharma, Shivani Devi, and Tae-Sik Park. "Annona muricata leaf extract attenuates hepatic lipogenesis and adipogenesis." Food & Function 12, no. 10 (2021): 4621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1fo00509j.

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Meaghan Bruskoski, Brent Ito, Balbina J Plotkin, Monika Konaklieva, and Ira M Sigar. "Differential antimicrobial extract activity of Graviola (Annona muricata) on gram positive and gram- negative antibiotic-resistant bacteria." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2022.12.3.0201.

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New agents are needed with the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Identification of plants with activity against MDR bacteria is of increasing importance. The antimicrobial activity of commercially available Graviola preparations against 38 clinical and laboratory isolates, representing MDR and drug-sensitive Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, was measured by broth microdilution. Commercially Graviola fruit, as well as leaves/stems preparations, exhibited both inhibitory and cidal activity. However, the fruit preparation showed significantly less activity than the leaves/stems preparation. The Graviola leaves/stems preparation activity titer ranged from 1:4 to 1:16 against MDR Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria; including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC). However, the preparation had no effect on Lactobacillus. In addition, further extractions of the leaves/stems were tested against MRSA and MSSA in an in-vitro biofilm wound infection model. The polar extracts of the stems/leaves exhibited the highest bactericidal activity in preventing and inhibiting biofilm formation. Thus, Graviola leaves/stems extracts showed differential activity for phytochemical utility against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

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Meaghan, Bruskoski, Ito Brent, J. Plotkin Balbina, Konaklieva Monika, and M. Sigar Ira. "Differential antimicrobial extract activity of Graviola (Annona muricata) on gram positive and gram- negative antibiotic-resistant bacteria." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 063–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7636175.

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New agents are needed with the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Identification of plants with activity against MDR bacteria is of increasing importance. The antimicrobial activity of commercially available Graviola preparations against 38 clinical and laboratory isolates, representing MDR and drug-sensitive Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, was measured by broth microdilution. Commercially Graviola fruit, as well as leaves/stems preparations, exhibited both inhibitory and cidal activity. However, the fruit preparation showed significantly less activity than the leaves/stems preparation. The Graviola leaves/stems preparation activity titer ranged from 1:4 to 1:16 against MDR Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria; including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC). However, the preparation had no effect on Lactobacillus. In addition, further extractions of the leaves/stems were tested against MRSA and MSSA in an in-vitro biofilm wound infection model. The polar extracts of the stems/leaves exhibited the highest bactericidal activity in preventing and inhibiting biofilm formation. Thus, Graviola leaves/stems extracts showed differential activity for phytochemical utility against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

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Kim, Jee Young, Thien T. P. Dao, Kwangho Song, et al. "Annona muricataLeaf Extract Triggered Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway to Attenuate Cancerous Features of Triple Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (July 17, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7972916.

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Annona muricataL., known as graviola, is an evergreen plant of the tropical regions and is a rich source of natural products. Graviola has various biological activities, and it is best known for its anticancer activity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of crude graviola extractin vitroon breast cancer cells; in particular, we aimed to identify an agent against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We used the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell line as the experimental model and the ER(+) non-TNBC MCF-7 breast cancer cell line as the control. We identified annonaceous acetogenins, including annonacin isomers, characteristic to this plant by using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). We observed a significant decrease in the cell viability in both cell lines within 48 h, whereas impaired cell motility and invasiveness were observed only in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. While the MCF-7 cells showed an ER-dependent mechanism of apoptosis, the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells was governed by an intrinsic apoptotic pathway triggered by graviola leaf extract (GLE).

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El Tawiil, Ghada A., Eman Ali Noaman, Mostafa A. Askar, Neama Mohamed El Fatih, and Hebatallah E. Mohamed. "Anticancer and Apoptogenic Effect of Graviola and Low-Dose Radiation in Tumor Xenograft in Mice." Integrative Cancer Therapies 19 (January 2020): 153473541990093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735419900930.

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Background: Annona muricata (graviola) has been claimed for its potential against various diseases including cancer. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of graviola extract on Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) mice along with or without a low dose of γ radiation (LDR). Methods: Mice were treated with graviola 50 mg/kg body weight orally for 30 days after EST induction and exposed to γ-ray (2 Gy/week for 3 weeks). Cell cycle, CD44, TGF-β, Bcl-2, and annexin V were determined in tumor tissue. Results: The result obtained showed a significant decrease ( P < .05) of tumor size in 28 graviola-treated EST-bearing mice group (EG) or graviola-treated and irradiated EST-30–bearing mice (EGR) groups versus the EST group. The large number of cells in the sub-G0/G1 population and low cell number at S and M phases signify tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of cell division in EG or EGR groups. Additionally, significant increases in the expression of CD44 and TGF-β were recorded in EST mice as compared with EG or EGR mice. Furthermore, EST mice exhibited a decrease in the apoptotic marker annexin v and increase in antiapoptotic Bcl-2 compared with EG and EGR mice. Conclusion: It could be suggested that graviola exerts its antitumor effect throughout the regulation of the tumor cell cycle as well as inducing apoptotic signals. The combined treatment of graviola and LDR augments their effect on tumor proliferation.

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Choi, Eun-Hye, Seon-Bong Lee, Da-Yeon Lee, Goon-Tae Kim, Soon-Mi Shim, and Tae-Sik Park. "Increased Intestinal Absorption of Vitamin U in Steamed Graviola Leaf Extract Activates Nicotine Detoxification." Nutrients 11, no. 6 (2019): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11061334.

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Graviola leaves contain much vitamin U (vit U), but their sensory quality is not good enough for them to be developed as food ingredients. Addition of excipient natural ingredients formulated alongside vit U as active ingredients could enhance not only its sensory quality but also its bioavailability. The objectives of this study were to measure the bioaccessibility and intestinal cellular uptake of bioactive components, including rutin, kaempferol-rutinoside, and vit U, from steamed extract of graviola leaves (SGV) and SGV enriched with kale extract (SGK), and to examine how much they can detoxify nicotine in HepG2 cells. The bioaccessibility of vit U from SGV and SGK was 82.40% and 68.03%, respectively. The cellular uptake of vit U in SGK by Caco-2 cells was higher than that in SGV. Cotinine content converted from nicotine in HepG2 cells for 120 min was 0.22 and 0.25 μg/mg protein in 50 μg/mL of SGV and SGK, respectively, which were 2.86 and 3.57 times higher than the no-treatment control. SGK treatment of HepG2 cells upregulated CYP2A6 three times as much as did that of SGV. Our results suggest that graviola leaf extract enriched with excipient ingredients such as kale could improve vit U absorption and provide a natural therapy for detoxifying nicotine.

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Sivakumari, K. "PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING, ANTICANCER AND APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY OF GRAVIOLA (ANNONA MURICATA) FRUIT EXTRACT AGAINST HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HepG-2) CELLS." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 5, no. 1 (2020): 32–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735733.

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To examine the phyto-constituents present in A. muricata fruit pulp, and to assess the anticancer potential followed by apoptotic studies on HepG-2 cell line. Aqueous, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Hexane and Methanol extracts of dragon fruit pulp were analysed by qualitative phytochemical profiling and anti-proliferation activity. Further, the apoptotic study of methanol extract treated HepG-2 cells by nuclear staining using AO, DNA fragmentation, ATR and GC-MS spectral analysis for methanol extract was carried out. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of acids, alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, phenols, protein, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenoids in aqueous extract. Likewise, acids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, steroids and tannins were present in chloroform extract. On the other hand acids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, phenols, protein and tannins were present in ethyl acetate extract. Similarly, acids, alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, protein, saponins and tannins were present in hexane extract, and acids, alkaloids, carbohydrate, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, protein, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenoids were present in methanol extract. Dose dependant anti-proliferative assay revealed that, The IC50 value was 62.699 μǥ/ml in aqueous extract, 63.710 μǥ/ml in chloroform extract, 20.617 μǥ/ml in ethyl acetate extract, 44.553 μǥ/ml in hexane extract and 13.104 μǥ/ml in methanol extract at 24 h incubation. Methanol fruit extract of A. muricata showed intense fragments of nucleus as signs of apoptosis by AO staining. Apoptosis can be visualized as a ladder pattern of 100-200 bp due to DNA cleavage by the activation of a nuclear endonuclease by standard agarose gel electrophoresis. The results of ATR revealed the presence of alkyl halides, amines, carboxylic acids, phenols and alcohols. GC-MS results revealed 11 volatile compounds present in methanol extract. Methanol extracts of A. muricata has confirmed hopeful anticancer activity against human liver cancer (HepG-2) cells by in vitro method.

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Daddiouaissa, Djabir, Azura Amid, NASSERELDEEN AHMED KABBASHI, AHMED ADAM MOHAMMED ELNOUR, and MOHAMAD ADIKA KHAIRY BIN MOHD SHAIFUDIN EPANDY. "CYTOTOXICITY EFFECT OF IONIC LIQUID-GRAVIOLA FRUIT (ANNONA MURICATA) EXTRACT TO HUMAN COLON CANCER (HT29) CELL LINES." IIUM Engineering Journal 22, no. 2 (2021): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v22i2.1687.

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The present study aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of the ionic liquid-Graviola fruit (IL-GFE) extract on colon adenocarcinoma (HT29) cell lines and their kinetics behaviour to assess the Graviola fruit potential as a therapeutic alternative in cancer treatment. The phytoconstituents content of IL-GFE was identified using GC-TOFMS apparatus and measured its cytotoxicity on HT29 by tetrazolium bromide. Then the cytokinetic behaviour of the treated HT29 cells with IL-GFE was illustrated using the cells' growth curve. Besides, the cell cycle phase perturbation for the treated HT29 was applied using a flow cytometry technique. Qualitative identification of phytoconstituents of IL-GFE showed that Graviola fruit contains acetogenins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins compounds. IL-GF extract displayed a cytotoxicity effect on HT29 cells with the IC50 value of 10.56 µg/mL, while Taxol showed an IC50 value of 1.22 µg/mL. IL-GFE also decreased the cell generation number from 3.93 to 2.96 generations compared to Taxol-treated cells 2.01 generations. The microscope observation of the HT29 cells treated with the crude IL-GFE displayed loss of density and cell detachment. The extract's growth inhibition was related to the cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. IL-GFE inhibited colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cells' proliferation and affected their kinetic behaviour by lowering cell viability, inducing apoptosis, and arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. ABSTRAK: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesan anti-proliferatif ekstrak buah-ion Graviola (IL-GFE) pada garis sel adenokarsinoma kolon (HT29) dan tingkah laku kinetik mereka untuk menilai potensi buah Graviola sebagai alternatif terapi untuk barah rawatan. Kandungan fitokonstituen IL-GFE dikenal pasti menggunakan alat GC-TOFMS dan mengukur sitotoksisitasnya pada HT29 oleh tetrazolium bromida. Kemudian tingkah laku sitokinetik sel HT29 yang dirawat dengan IL-GFE digambarkan menggunakan keluk pertumbuhan sel. Selain itu, gangguan fasa kitaran sel untuk HT29 yang dirawat diaplikasikan menggunakan teknik sitometri aliran. Pengenalpastian kualitatif fitokonstituen IL-GFE menunjukkan bahawa buah Graviola mengandungi asetogenin, alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin dan sebatian saponin. Ekstrak IL-GF memperlihatkan kesan sitotoksisiti pada sel HT29 dengan nilai IC50 10.56 µg/mL, sementara Taxol menunjukkan nilai IC50 1.22 µg/mL. IL-GFE juga menurunkan jumlah penjanaan sel dari 3.93 hingga 2.96 generasi berbanding sel yang dirawat Taxol 2.01 generasi. Pemerhatian mikroskop sel HT29 yang dirawat dengan IL-GFE kasar menunjukkan kehilangan ketumpatan dan detasmen sel. Perencatan pertumbuhan ekstrak berkaitan dengan penangkapan kitaran sel pada fasa G0/G1. IL-GFE menghalang percambahan sel HT29 adenokarsinoma kolon dan mempengaruhi tingkah laku kinetik mereka dengan menurunkan daya maju sel, mendorong apoptosis, dan menghentikan kitaran sel pada fasa G0/G1.

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Shukry, Mustafa, Ahmed M. El-Shehawi, Wafaa M. El-Kholy, et al. "Ameliorative Effect of Graviola (Annona muricata) on Mono Sodium Glutamate-Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats: Antioxidant, Apoptotic, Anti-inflammatory, Lipogenesis Markers, and Histopathological Studies." Animals 10, no. 11 (2020): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10111996.

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Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a widely used food additive, and there is a trepidation that MSG plays a critical role in multiple hepatic disorders. This study was planned to investigate Graviola extract (GE) effects on hepatic and cellular alterations induced by MSG. Fifty Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: control (received normal saline), Graviola (received 200 mg/kg body weight), MSG (received 2.4 gm MSG/kg, 15% of Lethal dose (LD50) of MSG), Graviola + monosodium glutamate (MSG + GE; received GE, 200 mg/kg/day and MSG 2.4 gm/kg body weight (BW) for the next four weeks), and monosodium glutamate + Graviola (received MSG only (2.4 gm/kg BW) daily for four weeks, then concomitant with Graviola (200 mg/kg BW) daily for the next four weeks. MSG and GR were administered orally for eight weeks. Our results showed that MSG caused a significant increase in oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) level, a tumor protein (P53), hepatic cellular damage, as well as proapoptotic markers caspase-3, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)-like protein 4 (Bax). A significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), and an antiapoptotic agent B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCl-2) was observed. The detected MSG effects were normalized by Graviola administration, either a prophylactic or protecting dose. Besides, Graviola reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) and led to the upregulation of the silent information regulator protein one gene expression gene (SIRT1).In conclusion, the results suggest that Gaviola’s interrelated antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties are potential mechanisms to enhance hepatic deficits and protect the liver. Graviola can, therefore, be considered a promising hepatoprotective supplement. Additionally, further human clinical trials are also necessary to validate the present research.

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Mimi, Nassiba, Leila Madani, Djamila Kerrouche, et al. "Comparison of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Five Plants with Anti-Diabetes and Anti-Cancer Potential." Microbiology Research 16, no. 6 (2025): 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres16060108.

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Polyphenols and flavonoids are bioactive organic compounds extracted from medicinal plants. They exhibit significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties, which help fight several chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cancer. Numerous therapeutic effects and a broad spectrum of biological activities are exhibited by the following five medicinal plants traditionally utilized in medicine for the treatment of diabetes and cancer: Ginger, ephedra alata, ajuga iva, nettle, and graviola (annona muricata). The objective of the present study is to examine ethanolic and aqueous extracts exhaustively obtained from these plants through decoction and maceration using ethanol, with particular emphasis on the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids, and to evaluate their in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial potential. The antibacterial effect was assessed on the strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The study was complemented by an FTIR analysis of the different extracts. The results indicate that for ginger, graviola, and ajuga iva, as opposed to ephedra alata, maceration appears to be the more efficacious technique compared to decoction. The highest yield (27.465%) was observed in the case of the ethanolic extract of ginger. Ethanolic extracts contain higher concentrations of polyphenols and flavonoids than aqueous extracts. The aqueous extracts of ajuga iva and nettle demonstrate the highest inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

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Sasso, Sandramara, Priscilla Cristovam Sampaio e Souza, Lidiani Figueiredo Santana, et al. "Use of an Extract of Annona muricata Linn to Prevent High-Fat Diet Induced Metabolic Disorders in C57BL/6 Mice." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (2019): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071509.

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Annona muricata Linn, commonly known as graviola, is one of the most popular plants used in Brazil for weight loss. The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of three different doses (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg) of aqueous graviola leaf extract (AGE) supplemented by oral gavage, on obese C57BL/6 mice. Food intake, body weight, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), an insulin sensitivity test, quantification of adipose tissue cytokines, weight of fat pads, and serum biochemical and histological analyses of the liver, pancreas, and epididymal adipose tissue were measured. AGE had an anti-inflammatory effect by increasing IL-10 at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Regarding the cholesterol profile, there was a significant decrease in LDL-cholesterol levels in the AGE 150 group, and VLDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in the AGE 100 and 150 groups. There was an increase in HDL cholesterol in the AGE 150 group. The extract was able to reduce the adipocyte area of the epididymal adipose tissue in the AGE 100 and 150 groups. According to the histological analysis of the liver and pancreas, no significant difference was found among the groups. There were no significant effects of AGE on OGTT and serum fasting glucose concentration. However, the extract was effective in improving glucose tolerance in the AGE 150 group.

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Awad, Mai G., Ramadan A. Ali, Dalia D. Abd El-Monem, and Mohammed A. El-Magd. "Graviola leaves extract enhances the anticancer effect of cisplatin on various cancer cell lines." Molecular & Cellular Toxicology 16, no. 4 (2020): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13273-020-00092-8.

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Maesaroh, U., N. D. Dono, and Zuprizal Zuprizal. "Performance, Microbial Populations, and Jejunal Morphology of Broilers Supplemented with Nano-Encapsulated Graviola Leaf Extract." Tropical Animal Science Journal 45, no. 1 (2022): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2022.45.1.64.

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Zayed, Shaimaa omr, Shaimaa Abdel ghany, Usama EL Dakrory, et al. "Graviola (Annona muricata) Extract Loaded on Chitosan Nanoparticles Modulates HDACs in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Egyptian Dental Journal 70, no. 3 (2024): 2411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/edj.2024.291153.3044.

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International, Journal of Dental Science and Innovative Research (IJDSIR). "A Comparative Evaluation of Annona Muricata L. (Graviola/Soursop) Extract With 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate in Prevention of Plaque and Gingivitis." International Journal of Dental Science and Innovative Research (IJDSIR) 8, no. 2 (2025): 112–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15210196.

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Abstract Natural products have drawn in significant interest for their pharmacological properties as well as in dental practises. Annona muricata L., or soursop, is a tropical tree whose foliage includes bioactive substances like flavonoids and polyphenols, perceived for their antibacterial and anticancerous properties. The qualities demonstrate that soursop leaf extract may act as a powerful substitute for commercially available mouthwashes. This examination tried to evaluate the viability of Annona muricata leaf extract in tending to plaque development and gingivitis, comparing benefits with that of an economically available 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash, A randomized clinical trial including 40 participants were included, divided into 2 groups . Test group utilized a mouthwash containing Annona muricata leaf extract, while control group utilized a 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash for 15 days. The discoveries showed that the two treatments actually diminished plaque and gingival aggravation, exhibiting comparative adequacy across the two groups. Members utilizing the Annona muricata mouthwash showed less incidental effects, including oral distress and taste adjustments, frequently connected to chlorhexidine. This shows that Annona muricata leaf extract might act as a more secure and more satisfactory choice for oral hygiene maintainence. Notwithstanding these reassuring discoveries, the review's restricted example size and brief term need more examination. Broad examinations with delayed follow-up lengths are expected to extensively assess the drawn out adequacy and efficacy of Annona muricata extract. All in all, Annona muricata leaf extract has huge commitment as a characteristic option in contrast to chlorhexidine gluconate for the management of plaque and gingivitis, showing less unfriendly impacts.

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Abu Soukhon, Asma, Luay Abu-Qatouseh, Kenza Mansoor, et al. "Cytotoxicity Activity of Graviola Fruit Extract with Carbamazepine and Valproic Acid Show Antagonistic and Indifferent Effects." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 24, no. 6 (2023): 1869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.6.1869.

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Aaya, Sabah Abdulhur, and Hamza Fares Bushra. "The preventive effects Annona muricata (graviola) fruit extract on methyl nitrosourea-induced mammary gland carcinoma in female albino mice." FABAD J. Pharm. Sci., 48, Special Issue (2023): 167–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8256034.

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SUMMARY   The current study was conducted for investigation the preventive Effects of Annona Muricat Fruit (Graviola) Methanol Extract against Methylnitrosurea (MNU)-induced mammary glandcarcinoma in female albino mice and quantifying its effect on MMP2 expression  by PCR and IHC. fifty female albino mice were divided into five groups (of ten each): control(C-); MNU-induced breast cancer(MNU); MNU- + (MFEAM)  200 mg/kg (T1),  MNU + (MFEAM)  300 mg/kg(T2) and MNU + (MFEAM)  500 mg/kg(T3) . According immunohischemistry to MMP2 levels in this study ,where overexpression  MMP2 in MNU group,but in T1high to moderat MMP2 expression ,compared with T2 and T3 weakexpression.The molecular study was carried out by using Real-Time PCR technique (RT-qPCR) to determine the level of gene expression of  MMP2 in mammary gland tissue. The results were as follows: the expression of MMP2 increased significantly   in the MNU group compared to the normal group (p < 0.05), while its expression showed a significant decrease in the Annona muricat methanol extract( T1,T2 and T3 group) compared with the MNUgroup (p < 0.05), while there was a non-significant decrease in the expression of MMP2 in the T1 group  compared with T2 and T3 group and non-significant decrease in the expression of MMP2 in the T2 group compared with T3 group (p>0.05). tissues of the studied groups.Also MMP2 level in current study,where MMP2 level were significantly decreased in T1,T2 and T3 group mice compared with MNU group mice. According to the results of the current study, it was concluded that the treatment of annona muricat methanol extract showed the ability to decrease the MMP2 expression.However, Annona muricat methanol extract at dose 300mg/kg(T2 group) treatment was more efficacy than other dose  (T1and T3 group)..

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ABD KARIM, NURUL ZAIDATUL ASHIKIN BINTI, HANIS BINTI MOHD YUSOFF, IRSHAD UL HAQ BHAT, FARHANINI YUSOFF, ASNUZILAWATI ASARI, and NUR ZAFIRAH BINTI MOHD. IZHAM. "GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF MAGNESIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES USING ANNONA MURICATA LEAVES EXTRACT." Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Journal of Undergraduate Research 4, no. 1 (2022): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/umtjur.v4i1.265.

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The synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) using green synthesis has increased. In this study, green synthesis of MgO-NPs has been carried out by using Annona muricata. Annona muricata, popularly known as “graviola” or soursop, is a typical plant in countries with a tropical climate. The MgO-NPs were synthesised by mixing 30 mL of Annona muricata extract with 5 mM magnesium nitrate solution. The synthesised MgO-NPs were characterised by using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) to identify the calcination temperature to form MgO-NPs, followed by a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). From TGA, temperatures at 700 and 900 have been chosen. For FTIR characterisation, the 450-600 cm-1 peaks were assigned to MgO stretching vibrations. Under SEM, the morphology of synthesised MgO-NPs seems to be in irregular shape and the aggregation of particles were observed.

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Abd El-Monem, Dalia, and Shereen Elwakeel. "Protective Effect of Graviola (Annona muricata) Leaves Extract Against Cadmium-Induced Testicular Toxicity In Male Albino Rats." Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, B. Zoology 12, no. 1 (2020): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsz.2020.106396.

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Son, Yiseul, Heaji Lee, Su-Young Son, Choong-Hwan Lee, Sun-Yeou Kim, and Yunsook Lim. "Ameliorative Effect of Annona muricata (Graviola) Extract on Hyperglycemia Induced Hepatic Damage in Type 2 Diabetic Mice." Antioxidants 10, no. 10 (2021): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101546.

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Annona muricata (AM) is evergreen plant of the Annonaceae family and known to have anticancer and antidiabetic effects. However, anti-diabetic mechanisms of AM extracts (AME) associated with hepatic glucose regulation and lipid metabolism remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of AME extracted on hepatic damage in diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet with two-times streptozotocin (STZ) injection (60 mg/kg BW) in C57BL/6 male mice. The diabetic mice were daily administered with AME (50 or 100 mg/kg BW) by gavage for 9 weeks. Biomarkers related to energy metabolism and insulin signaling were examined to identify the effect of AME on hyperglycemia induced hepatic damage. AME supplementation reduced levels of FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and hepatic lipid profiles as well as enhanced insulin signaling by increased the protein levels of IRS-1 accompanied GLUT2 in diabetic mice. Especially low dose of AME showed the beneficial effect of reducing oxidative stress (4-HNE, protein carbonyls, Nrf2, NQO1) and improved hepatic morphology demonstrated by lipid droplets along with upregulation of lipophagy (pAMPK, p-mTOR/mTOR, LC3-2/LC3-1) in diabetic mice. Moreover, AME supplementation ameliorated hepatic lipid metabolism (FAS, SREBP1c, C/EBPα, PPARγ, CPT1A, PPARα) and energy metabolism (pAMPK, PGC1α) in diabetic mice. Taken together, this study suggested that AME could be helpful to prevent hepatic abnormality by regulation of insulin signaling associated with energy metabolism and autophagy in diabetes.

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Abd-Ella, Eman, Abd Elkarim Abd Ellatief, and Ola Nabil. "GRAVIOLA LEAVES EXTRACT AMELIORATING THE RENAL ALTERATIONS INDUCED BY FOOD ADDITIVE "MONO-SODIUM GLUTAMATE" IN MALE ALBINO RATS." Egyptian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 69 (2018): 207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0049671.

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Harikrishna, Ramaprasad Saripalli, and Kumar Dixit Prasanna. "GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Components in the Methanolic Extract of Graviola (Gishta) Seeds and Their Pharmacological Activities." International Journal of pharma and Bio Sciences 12, no. 3 (2021): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs.2021.12.3.p48-57.

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Silva, Larissa Morais Ribeiro da, Jorgiane da Silva Severino Lima, Franscisco Ernani Alves Magalhães, et al. "Graviola Fruit Bar Added Acerola By-Product Extract Protects Against Inflammation and Nociception in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Journal of Medicinal Food 23, no. 2 (2020): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2019.0078.

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Daddiouaissa, Djabir, Azura Amid, Muhamad Shirwan Abdullah Sani, and Ahmed A. M. Elnour. "Evaluation of metabolomics behavior of human colon cancer HT29 cell lines treated with ionic liquid graviola fruit pulp extract." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 270 (April 2021): 113813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.113813.

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Daddiouaissa, Djabir, Azura Amid, Nassereldeen A. Kabbashi, Fazia A. A. Fuad, AhmedA M. Elnour, and Mohamad A. K. M. S. Epandy. "Antiproliferative activity of ionic liquid-graviola fruit extract against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines using flow cytometry techniques." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 236 (May 2019): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.003.

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Feitosa, Bruno Fonsêca, Emanuel Neto Alves de Oliveira, Juvêncio Olegário de Oliveira Neto, Danielle Bezerra de Oliveira, and Regilane Marques Feitosa. "CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM DOS RESÍDUOS DA AGROINDÚSTRIA PROCESSADORA DE POLPA DE FRUTAS." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 34, no. 01 (2019): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2019v34n01p134-141.

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CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM DOS RESÍDUOS DA AGROINDÚSTRIA PROCESSADORA DE POLPA DE FRUTAS  BRUNO FONSÊCA FEITOSA1; EMANUEL NETO ALVES DE OLIVEIRA2; JUVÊNCIO OLEGÁRIO DE OLIVEIRA NETO3; DANIELLE BEZERRA DE OLIVEIRA4; REGILANE MARQUES FEITOSA5  1Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (Rua Jairo Vieira Feitosa, n. 1770, Pereiros, 58840-000, Pombal, Paraíba, Brasil), brunofonsecafeitosa@live.com 2Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (Rua Portugal, n. 260, Nações Unidas, Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil), emanuel.oliveira16@gmail.com 3Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (Rua Pe. Amâncio Leite, n. 313, Centro, 58840-000, Pombal, Paraíba, Brasil), juvencio_oliveira12@hotmail.com 4Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (Ab. Independência, n. 808, Bela Vista, 59900-000, Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil), danielle-oliveira14@hotmail.com 5Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (Rua José de Alencar, n. 451, 63050-310, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brasil), regilanemarques@gmail.com  RESUMO: O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de frutas do mundo. No entanto, a agroindústria processadora de polpa de frutas gera diversos resíduos, como cascas, talos e sementes, que muitas vezes são desperdiçados, mas podem ser utilizados como ingredientes para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a cinética de secagem e a qualidade físico-química dos resíduos da agroindústria processadora de polpa de frutas. Com isso, determinou-se a cinética de secagem de cinco resíduos agroindustriais (manga, abacaxi, acerola, goiaba e graviola), os quais foram submetidos as análises físico-químicas (umidade, extrato seco, cinzas, acidez total titulável, pH e atividade de água) antes e após a secagem em estufa com circulação forçada de ar, a 60 °C. Os resultados obtidos foram tratados, através de Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado em esquema fatorial, aplicando Análise de Variância e comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Observou-se bons ajustes (R2>0,98) na cinética de secagem. Após a secagem, a maioria dos resíduos apresentaram redução nos parâmetros físico-químicos de umidade, atividade de água e pH, bem como aumento do extrato seco, cinzas e acidez total. Infere-se que o resíduo de graviola e goiaba indicaram melhores respostas às condições experimentais empregadas, requerendo ainda o estudo da variação de temperatura de secagem e avaliação da estabilidade física, química e microbiológica.  Palavras-chaves: desidratação, farinhas vegetais, qualidade físico-química  KINETICS OF DRYING WASTE FROM FRUIT PULP PROCESSING AGROINDUSTRY  ABSTRACT: The fruits pulp processing industry generates wastes as barks, stalks and seeds, which are often wasted, but can be used as ingredients for development of new food productsThe aim of this work was to evaluate the drying kinetics and the physicochemical quality of residues from the fruits pulp processing industry. The drying kinetics of five agroindustrial residues (mango, pineapple, acerola, guava and graviola) were determined, which were submitted to physical-chemical analyzes (moisture, dry extract, ash, total acidity, pH and activity of water) before and after oven drying with forced air circulation at 60°C. The results were evaluated using a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme, applying Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and comparison of means by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. Good adjustments (R2>0.98) were observed for drying kinetics. After drying, most of the residues showed a reduction in the physical-chemical parameters of moisture, water activity and pH, as well as increase of dry extract, ashes and total acidity. It is inferred that graviola and guava residue indicated better responses to experimental imposed conditions, also requiring the rying temperature variation study and physical evaluation, chemical and microbiological stability. Keywords: dehydration, vegetable flours, physical-chemical quality

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Dai, Yumin, Shelly Hogan, Eva M. Schmelz, Young H. Ju, Corene Canning, and Kequan Zhou. "Selective Growth Inhibition of Human Breast Cancer Cells by Graviola Fruit Extract In Vitro and In Vivo Involving Downregulation of EGFR Expression." Nutrition and Cancer 63, no. 5 (2011): 795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2011.563027.

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Lee, Heaji, Sun Yeou Kim, and Yunsook Lim. "Annona muricate Extract Supplementation Contributes to Improve Aberrant Multi-Organ Energy Metabolism via Muscle–Brain Connectivity in Diabetic Mice." Nutrients 15, no. 11 (2023): 2559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15112559.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related with the incidence of sarcopenia and cognitive impairment that reduces quality of life in the elderly. Recent evidence has demonstrated that sarcopenia is associated with cognitive dysfunction, and muscle-derived endocrine factors might contribute to cognitive function by the skeletal muscle–brain endocrine loop. This study investigated the beneficial effects of Annona muricata (AM, graviola) on multi-organ energy metabolism with muscle–brain connectivity via brain function-related myokines in mice. Body composition, fasting blood glucose level, insulin, HbA1c%, histopathological changes, and the protein levels of insulin-signaling, energy metabolism, neuroprotection, inflammation, and protein-degradation pathways were measured. AM extract (AME) treatment selectively enhanced insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle and hippocampus of T2DM mice. Furthermore, AME treatment effectively increased muscle-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), cathepsin-B (CTSB), irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and liver-derived FGF21 that contribute to whole-body energy homeostasis. In particular, AME increased the levels of circulating myokines (FGF21, BDNF, irisin, and CTSB), and these were accordance with the hippocampal neurotrophic factors (BDNF and CTSB) in T2DM mice. In conclusion, we suggest that AME would be a potential nutraceutical for improving the energy metabolism associated with muscle–brain connectivity via brain function-related myokines in T2DM.

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Elhassaneen, Yousif A., Seham A. Khader, and Mohammed A. El-aslowty. "Potential Ameliorative Effects of Graviola (Annona muricata L.) Fruits on Carbon-tetrachloride Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats: Antioxidant, Apoptotic, Anti-inflammatory Markers, and Histopathological Studies." International Journal of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, no. 92 (May 2, 2023): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijhms.92.17.31.

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Plant parts play a crucial function to protect organisms from the toxic/carcinogenic effects of some compounds. The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of Graviola aqueous extract (GAE) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) which induced hepatic injury in rats. Thirty male albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups: group I was used as controls, group II received daily GAE (300 mg/kg bw) alone orally for six weeks, group III received by IP injection CCl4 in olive oil (50% V/V, 2 ml/kg bw), twice a week for two weeks, group IV, CCl4+GAE (curative group) injected CCl4 twice a week for two weeks then concomitant with GAE (300 mg/kg BW) daily for next four weeks, and group V, GAE+CCl4 (prophylactic group), received GAE, 300 mg/kg/day once daily orally four weeks, then concomitant with CCl4 twice a week for next two weeks. The obtained results showed that the administration of CCl4 caused hepatotoxicity as monitored by the significant (p≤0.05) increase in the levels of hepatic markers enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, AST and alkaline phosphatase, ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and a decrease in hematological parameters such as white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), and blood platelet count (PLT). Also, our results showed that CCl4 caused a significant (p≤0.05) increase in oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, MDA, reactive oxygen species, ROS, nitric oxide, NO), pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α,) level, and proapoptotic markers caspase-3, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)-like protein 4 (Bax). Furthermore, a significant (p≤0.05) decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced glutathione (GSH), and an antiapoptotic agent B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was observed in liver tissue. The detected CCl4 effects were normalized by GAE administration, either a prophylactic or curative dose. Besides, GAE reduced the histopathological changes induced by CCl4.In conclusion, GAE was effective in both protecting and enhancing the liver deficits induced by CCl4 through many potential mechanisms including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic properties. Therefore, Graviola extracts up to 300 (mg/kg bw) could be considered a promising hepatoprotective supplement but more human clinical trials are also needed to validate the findings of the current research.

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Wardejn, Sonia, Stanisław Wacławek, and Gabriela Dudek. "Improving Antimicrobial Properties of Biopolymer-Based Films in Food Packaging: Key Factors and Their Impact." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 23 (2024): 12580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312580.

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Biodegradable films derived from polysaccharides are increasingly considered eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic packaging in the food industry. The study’s purpose was to improve the antimicrobial properties of biopolymer-based films made from starch, chitosan, alginate, and their blends (starch/chitosan and starch/alginate) and to evaluate the effects of modifiers, i.e., plant extracts, plasticizers, cross-linking agents, and nanofillers. Films were prepared via the Solution Casting Method and modified with various plasticizers, calcium chloride, oxidized sucrose, and nanofiber cellulose (NC). Chestnut, nettle, grape, and graviola extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The film’s mechanical and hydrophilic properties were studied as well. The chestnut extract showed the strongest antimicrobial properties, leading to its incorporation in all the films. The chitosan films displayed better antibacterial activity against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria but were ineffective against C. albicans. NC significantly improved the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the chitosan films. The alginate films, modified with various plasticizers cross-linked with calcium chloride, demonstrated the highest antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli. The starch films, cross-linked with oxidized sucrose, exhibited slightly lower antimicrobial resistance due to a more compact structure. Films such as ALG6 and ALG5, including plasticizers EPGOS and PGOS, respectively, indicated optimal hydrophilicity and mechanical properties and achieved the best antimicrobial performance against all the investigated microorganisms. All these findings highlight the potential of these biodegradable films for food packaging, offering enhanced antimicrobial activity that prolongs shelf life and reduces spoilage, making them promising candidates for sustainable food preservation.

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Adeoye, Ayodeji David, Kosisochukwu Angel Amadike, Bayo Olufunso Adeoye, Oyetola Tolulope Oyebanjo, and Lola Adeola Adelakin. "Effect of Ethanol Extract of Annona muricata on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Neuroinflammation in Wistar Rats." Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 6, no. 10 (2023): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i10.002.

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Introduction: Annona muricata is a lowland tropical fruit bearing tree of the Annonaceae family which can be found in the rainforest of Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia. It is commonly known as soursop, graviola, guanabana, or brazillian pawpaw. It has a large, glossy, dark green leaves with edible, green heart-shaped fruit. The leathery skin of the fruit is covered with soft, curved spines each of which may contain 55-170 black seeds distributed in a creamy white flesh with a characteristic aroma and flavour. Objectives: The study aims to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Annona muricata on Lipopolysaccharide induced Neuroinflammation in Wistar rats. Method: Prostagladin E1 & E2 markers were used for biochemical assays. The Neurobehavioral assessment of memory and locomotion coordination was assessed using the Y maze and Open field and the data was presented as Mean ± Standard Error of Mean (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post hoc Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. All statistical analysis were done by using Prism software, version 5 (GraphPad software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Results: The effects of ethanol extract of Annona muricata (AME) on PGE1 on lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammation in wistar rats shows the control, LPS, AME + LPS and Donepezil + LPS. From the result, LPS + Extract (AME) showed significant effects when compared to LPS which showed no significant effect when compared to control. The effects of ethanol extract of Annona muricata (AME) on % Alternation on lipopolysaccharide induced Neuroinflammation in wistar rats shows the control, LPS, AME + LPS and Donepezil + LPS. From the result LPS + Extract (AME) showed significant effects when compared to LPS. LPS showed no significant effect when compared to control. The effects of ethanol extract of Annona muricata (AME) on No of entry on lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammation in wistar rats shows the control, LPS, AME + LPS and Donepezil + LPS. From the result LPS + Extract (AME) showed no significant effects when compared to LPS which showed significant effect when compared to control. Conculsions: This study concludes that Annona muricata, at 200mg/kg possess excellent antiinflammatory qualities and it could be further explored as a potential choice for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Elshaterˡ, Abd-Elraheim, Rana Aliˡ, Mouchira Mohi, and Huda Gedawy. "Comparative Biochemical Studies on the Effect of Nano-Magnetic Particles (Nps) and Graviola Leaves Extract on Adriamycin Induced-Gonadotoxicity in Male Albino Rats." Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology 10, no. 2 (2018): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2018.22663.

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Yen Nhi, Tran Thi, Vo Tan Thanh, Nguyen Phu Thuong Nhan, et al. "Studies on Polyphenol Content, Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Graviola Tea pulp (Annona muricata L.) from Tien Giang Province, Vietnam." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 12 (2020): 3075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22468.

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Tea is the most commonly consumed beverage worldwide due to promote health and prevention of some human diseases. Soursop tea pulp is one of a new product focused on the values of total ascorbic acid (TAA), total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). A study using DPPH and ABTS method to detect the maximum of active ingredients in tea simultaneously. Different pulp tea samples with varying dates of production checked for TAA, TPC, TFC, antioxidation and sensory evaluation. There is a difference in TAA between sample (1) and (4), achieved 7.43 ± 0.04 mg/g DM and 12.21 ± 0.04 mg/g DM, respectively. TFC content ranged between 0.13 and 0.18. The phenolics group in tea is high and there are differences between the 3 recent production samples with (1): 3.81 mg QC/g DM fluctuation. In sample 1, the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Soursop was correlated with total phenolic and flavonoid content with values IC50 of 0.26 mgAA/g DM, 2.61 mgAA/g DM for DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity, respectively. Moreover, the Lab* colour space of the soursop tea is measured in the dark area, the L* difference achieved at 30.82 ± 1.24 (2) lowest and the highest 37.42 ± 4.77 (1). Consumer sensory evaluation is performed with results based on a 5-point scale describing: flavour, aroma, colour and favourite.

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Elshater, Abd-Elraheim, Rana Ali, and Huda Gedawy. "Comparative Physiological Studies on the Effect of Nano-magnetic Particles (iron oxid) and Graviola Leaves Extract on Adriamycin Induced Cardiotoxicity in Male Albino Rats." Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology 8, no. 1 (2016): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2016.13680.

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Vaghela, Bhaumik D., Devarshee Bhavsar, and Nayan K. Jain. "Effect of Aqueous Extract of Annona muricata (Graviola Tea) on the Oxidative Stress produced by the Artificial UV Source in Vivo and in Vitro." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5, no. 10 (2016): 648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.510.072.

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Paul, Jeno, R. Gnanam, R. Jayadeepa, and L. Arul. "Anti Cancer Activity on Graviola, an Exciting Medicinal Plant Extract vs Various Cancer Cell Lines and a Detailed Computational Study on its Potent Anti-Cancerous Leads." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 13, no. 14 (2013): 1666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15680266113139990117.

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Kang, Myunghwa, Dohee Kim, Hyungsuk Seo, Hajong Lee, Yeanhan Choo, and Doungjin Kim. "Antioxidant Activity of Graviola Extracts Extracted with Different Solvents." FASEB Journal 34, S1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03242.

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Freitas, Raphael Fernando Dias de, Amanda Pissinatti Canelli, Andrea Aparecida de Aro, Adilson Sartoratto, Cristina Maria Franzini, and Vivian Fernandes Furletti de Góes. "AVALIAÇÃO “IN VITRO” DA EFICÁCIA DO EXTRATO HIDROALCOÓLICO DO CAJÁ (SPONDIAS MOMBIN L.) E DA GRAVIOLA (ANNONA MURICATA L.) SOBRE MICROORGANISMOS ORAIS / IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF CAJÁ (SPONDIAS MOMBIN L.) AND SOURSOP (ANNONA MURICATA L.) HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT ON ORAL MICROORGANISMS." Brazilian Journal of Development 6, no. 9 (2020): 66772–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n9-204.

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Son, Yu-Ra, Eun-Hye Choi, Goon-Tae Kim, Tae-Sik Park, and Soon-Mi Shim. "Bioefficacy of Graviola leaf extracts in scavenging free radicals and upregulating antioxidant genes." Food & Function 7, no. 2 (2016): 861–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fo01258a.

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The aims of this study were to determine bioactive components of Graviola leaf extracts and to examine the radical scavenging capacity, gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and transcription factors.

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Ravi, Venkatadasappa, VisveswaraiahParanjyothi Magadi, Anantharaju Arpitha, Litha, Kikkerilakshminarayana Kumaraswamy, and Krishnappa Manjunath. "Evaluation of cytotoxicity of aqueous extract of Graviola leaves on squamous cell carcinoma cell-25 cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and determination of percentage of cell inhibition at G2M phase of cell cycle by flow cytometry: An in vitro study." Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 6, no. 4 (2015): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237x.169863.

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Rady, Islam, Melissa B. Bloch, Roxane-Cherille N. Chamcheu, et al. "Anticancer Properties of Graviola (Annona muricata): A Comprehensive Mechanistic Review." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (July 30, 2018): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1826170.

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Graviola (Annona muricata) is a small deciduous tropical evergreen fruit tree, belonging to the Annonaceae family, and is widely grown and distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The aerial parts of graviola have several functions: the fruits have been widely used as food confectionaries, while several preparations, especially decoctions of the bark, fruits, leaves, pericarp, seeds, and roots, have been extensively used in traditional medicine to treat multiple ailments including cancers by local communities in tropical Africa and South America. The reported therapeutic benefits of graviola against various human tumors and disease agents in in vitro culture and preclinical animal model systems are typically tested for their ability to specifically target the disease, while exerting little or no effect on normal cell viability. Over 212 phytochemical ingredients have been reported in graviola extracts prepared from different plant parts. The specific bioactive constituents responsible for the major anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and other health benefits of graviola include different classes of annonaceous acetogenins (metabolites and products of the polyketide pathway), alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, and others. This review summarizes the current understanding of the anticancer effects of A. muricata and its constituents on diverse cancer types and disease states, as well as efficacy and safety concerns. It also includes discussion of our current understanding of possible mechanisms of action, with the hope of further stimulating the development of improved and affordable therapies for a variety of ailments.

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Habib, Tito, El-Sabry Abu Amra, Ahmed Ahmed, and Gehad Mokhtar. "Antitumor Potential Effect of Graviola Leaves Extracts on the MDA-MB-231 Cell Line." Sohag Journal of Sciences 8, no. 1 (2023): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/sjsci.2022.160133.1030.

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Saripalli, Harikrishna Ramaprasad, and Prasanna Kumar Dixit. "Screening of antinutrients in leaves, fruit pulp and seeds of Gishta (Annona spp.) of Ethiopia, North East Africa." IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) 4, no. 3 (2016): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jas.v4.n3.p11.

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<div>Graviola or Gishta (Annona spp. of Ethiopia) are generally useful for human consumption were analysed for the presence of potentially harmful chemicals (antinutrients) and for their toxicity. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the Graviola or Gishta (Annona spp. of Ethiopia) leaves, fruit pulp and seed extracts were safe for human consumption. Chemical analysis showed that none of tested parts contained cyanogenic glycosides, however all the three tested plant materials contained oxalic acid in high concentrations and also contained negligible amounts of phytic acid, saponins and alkaloids. Tested plant samples also found to inhibit trypsin activity. These chemical analyses were carried out in duplicate.</div>

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Al Syaad, K. M., Fahmy G. Elsaid, M. E. Abdraboh, and A. A. Al-Doaiss. "Effect of Graviola (Annona Muricata l.) and Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) on Diabetes Mellitus Induced in Male Wistar Albino Rats." Folia Biologica 65, no. 5-6 (2019): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/fb2019065050275.

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Annona and ginger have prominent uses in traditional medicine; their therapeutic properties have not been sufficiently explored. The ameliorative effect of Annona or ginger extracts on hyperglycaemia associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in experimentally induced diabetes was addressed. Type 1 diabetes in male rats was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg, i.p.), then Annona (100 mg/kg) or ginger (200 mg/kg) extracts were orally administered daily for 30 days. The Annona and ginger extracts ameliorated hyperglycaemia, insulin level, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels in the diabetic rats. The treatments significantly ameliorated liver function enzymes and total proteins; this was confirmed by histopathological examination of liver sections. Annona and ginger extracts significantly reduced elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and restored activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) and the hepatic content of reduced glutathione (GSH). The oxidative stressdependent inflammation was regulated by both Annona and ginger extracts, which was indicated by down-regulation of TNF-α, NF-κB, pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, p53, and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Moreover, the expression of insulin receptor (INSR) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) genes was markedly regulated by both these extracts. The results suggest that Annona and ginger extracts ameliorate the hepatic damage resulting from diabetes by advocating antioxidants and modulating apoptotic mediator proteins in the liver of diabetic rats. In conclusion, Annona and ginger extracts have a potential therapeutic effect in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.

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George, U., C. Mboto, E. Mbim, U. Edet, C. Umego, and H. Sunday. "Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Annona muricata (Graviola) Leaves Extracts and Cefoxitin on Staphylococcus aureus." Asian Journal of Biology 3, no. 3 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2017/34555.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Graviola Extract'

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