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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gravity loads

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Academic literature on the topic 'Gravity loads'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gravity loads"

1

Park, Young Mi, Sang Whan Han, and Jong Hyuk Ryu. "Comparison of Seismic Behaviors of Interior Joints in PT and RC Flat Plate Systems." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.741.

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The purpose of this study is to compare the seismic behaviors of interior post-tensioned (PT) and reinforced concrete (RC) flat plate slab-column connections designed to resist only gravity loads. In general, flat plate systems have been used to support gravity loads, which should be constructed with lateral system such as shear walls or moment frames. Flat plate systems should retain the ability to undergo the lateral drift associated with the lateral system without loss of gravity load carrying capacity. Although these systems are common, relatively little experimental study has been conducted to assess actual behavior under lateral loads. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the seismic performance of two PT and one RC slab-column interior connection under high gravity loads. This study observed that PT connections had a better seismic performance than corresponding RC connections in terms strength, deformability, energy absorption.

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Choi, Chang‐Koon, and E‐Doo Kim. "Multistory Frames Under Sequential Gravity Loads." Journal of Structural Engineering 111, no. 11 (November 1985): 2373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1985)111:11(2373).

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Garrison, C. J. "Pore pressure loads on gravity structures." Applied Ocean Research 11, no. 4 (October 1989): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-1187(89)90018-7.

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4

Allen, R. F. "Weight Distribution of Liquid Loads in Road Tankers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 202, no. 3 (July 1988): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_175_02.

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Axle loads for laden road tankers depend upon the configuration of the liquid tank. The paper determines the location of the centre of gravity of a liquid load in a tilted cylindrical barrel tank with dished and flanged ends and shows how the centre of gravity varies with the amount of liquid carried. The calculation permits greater accuracy in the determination of axle loads.

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Pekcan, Gokhan, Ahmad Itani, and Lyle Carden. "Design of bridge falsework for gravity loads." Bridge Structures 2, no. 3 (September 2006): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15732480600765124.

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Valente, Marco. "Seismic Performance Improvement of a Plan-Asymmetric RC building Designed for Gravity Loads." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 5 (2012): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2012.v4.455.

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7

Zhang, Yan Yan, and Cai Ying Chen. "Temperature Stress Analysis for Concrete Dam of Jiangya Hydropower Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.683.

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Temperature is one of the main loads of concrete dam, adverse temperature load can lead to the dam body cracks, this paper study temperature load’s influence on concrete gravity dam. This paper use finite element method, it adopts finite element calculation software to establish concrete gravity dam’s finite element model of Jiangya hydropower station. Based on monitoring data of water temperature, air temperature, dam body temperature, foundation temperature about Jiangya hydropower station, calculates and analyzes temperature field of dam during operation period, researches stress variation law of dam under the influence of temperature field. The results showe that, temperature load has a great influence on the dam operation, but dam still meet code design requirements; when continuous high temperature during summer, dam should avoid operate under high water level; when continuous low temperature during winter, dam should avoid operate under low water level. Research results provide theoretical according for concrete gravity dam’s safe operation of Jiangya hydropower station.

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Gao, Rui, Ling Qiang Yang, and Yan Wang. "Analysis of Gravity Foundation for Offshore Structure under Cyclic Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2177.

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Cyclic characteristic of offshore environmental load may cause the accumulation of foundation settlement and excess pore pressure in the subsoil. This may lead to conditions that jeopardize the structural stability and operability of the wind turbine. This paper discusses the analysis steps of the responses of non-cohesive subsoil under cyclic loads for a gravity base foundation system.

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Samimi, Razieh, and Seyed Rasoul Mirghaderi. "Buckling Behavior of Through-Plates under Gravity Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 2183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.2183.

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Due to the development in the construction and building industry in recent years, numerous methods for safer, easier and more economical design of structures have been studied.Because of the high bi-axial bending capacity and high compressive strength of hollow structural sections, these sections are considered as a popular alternative by designers. Supporting the panel zone demands in the columns and occurring the moment hinge at the ends of beam are too available in column with hollow section. One of the major problems in the way of using these sections is lack of appropriate load path to connect beams to them, which ends up using through-plates. Through-plates are plates that pass through column and beams connect to them at their webs. Consequently these plates should have sufficient stiffness in order to provide enough strength. This paper proceeds to study the buckling behavior of through-plates in moment beam to column connections under gravity loads.

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Buen, Oscar de. "Column Design in Steel Frames under Gravity Loads." Journal of Structural Engineering 118, no. 10 (October 1992): 2928–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1992)118:10(2928).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gravity loads"

1

Matthews, Mark Thurgood. "Impact of Large Gravity Loads on Buckling Restrained Braced Frame Performance." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3286.pdf.

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Mensah, Frederick Ayisi. "Comparison of Strength, Stiffness and Ductility of Reduced Beam Section Subjected to Lateral Loads Only and Combined Gravity And Lateral Loads." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2434.

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Lateral loads from Northridge Earthquake in 1994 caused brittle fractures at column-beam connections in rigid frame structures which hitherto were thought to have high ductility to resist such brittle fractures. These brittle fractures were caused by the moment frame connections’ inability to undergo inelastic deformation which eventually resulted in several structural damages. Reduced beam section (RBS) connection was among one of the solutions proposed by researchers following the Northridge Earthquake. In RBS connections, part of the beam flanges or web at a distance from the face of the column is selectively cut off to reduce its capacity in order to induce plastic hinge away from the beam-column interface. Reducing the beam section, weakens the beam and allows the groove welds and the panel zone to have a higher strength compared to the beam, thereby achieving stronger column-weaker beam design which have a better seismic performance. RBS must provide adequate combination of stiffness, strength and ductility in order to ensure acceptable seismic performance. The scope of this study is to compare strength, ductility and stiffness of reduced beam section under lateral loads only and combined gravity and lateral loads. Four finite element models were created with all conditions kept constant except loading conditions on the frames. Results from this study indicates that all models have almost the same stiffness with the models under combined gravity and lateral loads having higher ductility and ultimate strength.

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Neubert, Michael Christopher. "Estimation of Required Restraint Forces in Z-Purlin Supported, Sloped Roofs Under Gravity Loads." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44512.

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The current specification provisions for the prediction of lateral restraint forces in Z-purlin supported roof systems under gravity loads are in Section D3.1 of the 1996 AISI Cold-Formed Specification. The design equations contained in these provisions are empirical and based on statistical analysis. They were developed using elastic stiffness models of flat roofs and were verified by experimental testing. The provisions need refinement, because the treatment of roof slope and system effects is incorrect. Also, the current design provisions are based upon an assumed panel stiffness value, ignoring the significant difference in required restraint force that occurs when panel stiffness is varied. Therefore, a new restraint force design procedure, having a stronger reliance on engineering principles, is proposed. This new treatment of the static forces in Z-purlin roofs led to a more accurate method of addressing roof slope. Elastic stiffness models, with varying roof slope, panel stiffness, and cross-sectional properties, were used to develop the proposed procedure. The basis of the procedure is to determine the lateral restraint force required for a single purlin system and then extend this result to systems with multiple restrained purlin lines. Roof slope is incorporated into the calculation of the single purlin restraint force, which includes eccentric gravity loads and forces induced by Z-purlin asymmetry. The procedure includes a system effect factor to account for the observed nonlinear increase in restraint force with the number of restrained purlins. An adjustment factor varies the predicted restraint force depending on the shear stiffness of the roof panel. The proposed procedure applies to five bracing configurations: support, third-point, midspan, quarter point, and third-point plus support restraints.
Master of Science

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Tryfonidis, Michail. "Robust adaptive control modeling of human arm movements subject to altered gravity and mechanical loads." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9483.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-164).
It has been observed that during orbital spaceflight the absence of gravitation related sensory inputs causes incongruence between the expected and the actual sensory feedback resulting from voluntary movements. This incongruence results in a reinterpretation or neglect of gravity-induced sensory input signals. Over time, new internal models develop, gradually compensating for the loss of spatial reference. The study of adaptation of goal-directed movements is the main focus of this thesis. The hypothesis is that during the adaptive learning process the neural connections behave in ways that can be described by an adaptive control method. The investigation presented in this thesis includes two different sets of experiments. A series of dart throwing experiments took place onboard the space station Mir. Experiments also took place at the Biomechanics lab at MIT, where the subjects performed a series of continuous trajectory tracking movements while a planar robotic manipulandum exerted external torques on the subjects' moving arms. The experimental hypothesis for both experiments is that during the first few trials the subjects will perform poorly trying to follow a prescribed trajectory, or trying to hit a target. A theoretical framework is developed that is a modification of the sliding control method used in robotics. The new control framework is an attempt to explain the adaptive behavior of the subjects. Numerical simulations of the proposed framework are compared with experimental results and predictions from competitive models. The proposed control methodology extends the results of the sliding mode theory to human motor control. The resulting adaptive control model of the motor system is robust to external dynamics, even those of negative gain, uses only position and velocity feedback, and achieves bounded steady-state error without explicit knowledge of the system's nonlinearities. In addition, the experimental and modeling results demonstrate that visuomotor learning is important not only for error correction through internal model adaptation on ground or in microgravity, but also for the minimization of the total mean-square error in the presence of random variability. Thus human intelligent decision displays certain attributes that seem to conform to Bayesian statistical games.
by Michail Tryfonidis.
Ph.D.

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Lim, keng gein. "P-delta Effects on a Steel Moment Frame Subjected to Sidesway Forces Caused by Unsymmetrical Live Load Patterns." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1622.

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Symmetrical steel moment frames that are subjected to sidesway forces due to unsymmetrical live loads will undergo sidesway. The P-delta effects on a moment frame under the influence of sidesway forces is studied. The effective length method is used for the second-order analysis specified in the American Institute Steel Construction - Load and Resistance Factor Design (AISC-LRFD). This study investigates the P-delta effects on a multi-story, multi-bay steel moment frame subjected to sidesway forces caused by various unsymmetrical live load patterns. The study focuses on the interaction of axial and bending moment in the columns. The actual response of a moment frame is estimated by amplifying the results of a first-order elastic analysis using moment magnification factors. The moment magnification factors for each story of the steel moment frame are summarized.

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DaBreo, Jamin. "Impact of gravity loads on the lateral performance of cold- formed steel frame/ steel sheathed shear walls." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114511.

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Canadian seismic design provisions for cold-formed steel framed/steel sheathed shear walls have been developed from previous research at McGill University with the intent of being incorporated into the Canadian section of the North American Lateral Design Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing (AISI S213), and ultimately to provide guidelines for design of these systems in the National Building Code of Canada and CSA-S136 Specification.In this previous research, a limited number of shear walls displayed unfavourable damage due to twisting deformations of the chord-studs and by local buckling. Also, the shear walls tested in previous research were only laterally loaded. The objective of the current research program was to address this unfavourable failure mode by evaluating the performance of cold-formed steel framed/steel sheathed shear walls, constructed with blocked stud members, which were tested under combined gravity and lateral loading. In total, fourteen single-storey shear walls (8 configurations) were subjected to monotonic and CUREE reversed cyclic lateral loading protocols. The Equivalent Energy Elastic-Plastic (EEEP) approach was used to analyse the test data and determine nominal shear resistance values. Relevant design parameters were determined: a resistance factor, phi, of 0.7, an overstrength value of 1.4, and ductility and overstrength seismic force modification factors (Rd = 2.0 and Ro = 1.3). Dynamic analysis of a two storey representative building model was carried out to validate the 'test-based' R-values following a methodology adopted from FEMA P695 to evaluate the seismic performance of a building system.The research program indicated that the blocking reinforcement detail had adequately resolved chord-stud twisting deformations and that the chord-studs, once designed to carry the combined gravity and lateral forces following a capacity based approach, would not fail thereby preventing any detrimental collapse of the framing system.
Les dispositions de conception sismique pour les murs de refend (dotés de cadres ou de revêtements en acier laminé à froid) mises au point précédemment à l'Université McGill avaient pour but d'être ajoutées aux dispositions canadiennes présentées dans le North American Lateral Design Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing (AISI S213) et de proposer des lignes directrices qui pourraient être intégrées au Code national du bâtiment du Canada et à la norme CSA-S136. Au cours de ces recherches, un nombre limité de murs de refend ont été endommagés par le voilement local et les déformations des membrures-montants liées à la torsion. Les murs de refend avaient été uniquement testés sous l'effet d'une charge latérale. Ce programme de recherche tente de comprendre ce processus de défaut défavorable en évaluant la performance des murs de refend (dotés de cadres ou de revêtements en acier laminé à froid) construits à l'aide montants munis de cales et testés sous l'effet combiné de la gravité et de la charge latérale. Un total de quatorze murs de refend à un étage (8 configurations) ont été soumis aux protocoles de chargement monotone et de chargement cyclique-réversible de CUREE. La méthode équivalente de l'énergie élasto-plastique (EEEP) a été appliquée pour analyser les données des essais et déterminer les valeurs nominales de résistance au cisaillement. Les paramètres pertinents de conception ont été déterminés: un facteur de résistance (phi= 0.7), une valeur de sur-résistance de 1.4 et des facteurs de modification de force sismique reliés à la ductilité et à la sur-résistance (Rd = 2.0 et Ro = 1.3). Une analyse dynamique a été menée sur un modèle représentatif d'un bâtiment à deux étages pour valider les valeurs de R obtenues lors des essais. Une méthode adoptée par le FEMA P695 a servi à évaluer la résistance sismique d'un système de construction.Ce programme de recherche a montré que le dispositif de blocage de l'armature empêche adéquatement les déformations des membrures-montants liées à la torsion. Grâce à une approche de conception par capacité, des membrures-montants peuvent résister à l'action combinée de la gravité et des forces latérales, et ainsi prévenir l'effondrement de l'ossature du bâtiment.

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Dicleli, Murat. "Effects of extreme gravity and seismic loads on short to medium span slab-on-girder steel highway bridges." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6730.

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This study addresses two separate but related problems. They are detrimental effects of extreme gravity and seismic loadings, which were not considered in the original design, on slab-on-girder steel bridges. In the first part of this thesis the effect of extreme gravity loads on slab-on-girder steel bridges is studied. Currently, in many jurisdictions of North America, special permits are issued to extra-heavy vehicles considering only the ultimate capacity of the bridges. Based on this, a large number of special permits have been issued to extra-heavy vehicles, and therefore concerns have been raised since the cumulative effect of such overloads have never been assessed. In this perspective, the ultimate and cumulative effect of such overloads on bridge components is studied. Typical heavy permit-truck configurations are selected to investigate their effect on steel bridges. As a first step, influence line analyses are conducted to find the ranges of spans of simply supported and continuous bridges for which heavy permit-trucks have the most detrimental effects. In the light of these observations, a number of actual bridges within the estimated span length limits are analyzed to find the bridge members largely affected by such overloads. Next, a literature review is conducted to appraise the state-of-knowledge on the impact of infrequent stress-range excursions produced by heavy loads on fatigue life of bridge members. The effect of variable amplitude loading due to both Ontario truck traffic and heavy permit trucks on fatigue life of bridge members is investigated. Analytical expressions to calculate the fatigue life and the reduction in fatigue life of bridges due to heavy permit-trucks, without the need for a detailed analysis of each bridge, are derived and presented, along with a fatigue-based methodology to assess the reduction in service life of bridges attributable to heavy-permit trucks. Finally, using the derived equations, a sample permit-policy is presented assuming that a two percent reduction in fatigue life due to heavy permit-trucks is acceptable. In the second part, the response of bridge superstructure components to seismic excitations is investigated. Single span simply supported, continuous and multi-span simply supported bridges are studied by varying their geometric and structural properties. Linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses of these bridges are conducted for earthquakes of different characteristic and intensity considering only the superstructure. The forces and displacements of superstructure components which significantly affect the response, are determined as a function of the selected properties and earthquake types. Then, using these results, a methodology is developed for ranking and rapid seismic evaluation of existing steel bridges. Bearing forces due to seismic excitation in both transverse and longitudinal direction are found to be proportional to the mass of the bridge, span length, and bearings' stiffness. The effect of span length, number of spans, column size and steel strength on the seismic response of continuous and multi-span simply supported bridges are studied. Next, sliding of bridges after the bearings are severed is investigated. High intensity earthquakes are required to slide multi-span simply supported bridges when the bearings at the abutments are severed but single span simply supported and continuous bridges may have considerable sliding displacements depending on the $A\sb{p}/V\sb{p}$ ratio of earthquakes. The effect of cross-bracing as a retrofitting element for continuous and multi-span simply supported bridges is investigated. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Gowda, Sunil. "Combined Effect of Gravity and Lateral Loads on the Formation of Plastic Hinges in Steel Moment Frames With Reduced Beam Sections." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/798.

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Inelastic behavior in steel special moment frames occurs through the development of plastic hinges at locations near the ends of the beam. The main objective of using a reduced beam connection is to force the formation of plastic hinges to be formed at the reduced beam section rather than at the ends of the beam which otherwise would lead to brittle failure of the beam-column connections. The beam has two reduced beam sections, each located at a certain distance from the face of the column, so that the plastic hinges are formed symmetrically at each of this section. When acted upon by lateral loads, the maximum moments occur at the ends of the beam. Therefore, the plastic hinges form at the reduced beam section. However, when a frame is subjected to a combination of gravity and lateral loads, the plastic hinge formation at one of the reduced beam section is not so clear and further analysis has to be done to study the effect. FEMA 350 indicates that the desired plastic hinge location is only valid for beams with gravity loads representing a small portion of the total flexural demand. If gravity demands significantly exceed 30% of the girder plastic capacity then further plastic analysis of the frame should be performed to determine the appropriate hinge locations. The scope of my thesis is mainly to study the combined effect of gravity and lateral loads on the formation of plastic hinges in steel moment frames with reduced beam section connections.

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IWASE, Satoshi, Qi FU, Kenichi NARITA, Eiichi MORIMOTO, Hiroki TAKADA, and Tadaaki MANO. "Effects of Graded Load of Artificial Gravity on Cardiovascular Functions in Humans." Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2775.

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Bazargani, Poureya. "Seismic demands on gravity-load columns of reinforced concrete shear wall buildings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46651.

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In shear wall buildings, walls serve as the seismic force resisting system while the gravity-load system consists of columns that are primarily designed to carry the weight of the building through frame action and are not detailed for seismic ductility. Design codes require the gravity-load system to be checked for deformation compatibility as the building deforms laterally. The process of checking the columns for adequate deformability still requires more work. In addition to flexural deformations, components such as shear strain and rotation of the foundation contribute significantly to lateral deformations in the wall plastic hinge zone. Shear strains in flexural shear walls are analytically shown to be a result of large vertical tensile strains in areas with inclined cracks. Based on this theory, a simple design-oriented method for estimating shear strain profile of flexural shear walls is formulated, the accuracy of which is verified against experimental results from works of other researchers. Rotation of shear wall foundations is studied through performing about 2000 Nonlinear Time-History Analysis (NTHA) considering the nonlinear interaction between the foundation and the underlying soil. Behaviour of shear walls accounting for foundation rotation is explained with emphasis on relative wall to foundation strengths. A simple method for obtaining the monotonic foundation moment-rotation response is formulated which is then used in a simple step-by-step method for estimating foundation rotation in a given shear wall building. Curvature demand on columns pushed to a given wall deformation profile is studied using a structural analysis algorithm specifically designed for the task. In the absence of wall shear strain or significant foundation rotation, column curvature demand is found to remain close to the wall maximum curvature. Wall shear strain and foundation rotation are found to cause severe increase to column curvature demand. In a parametric study on column curvature demand, parameters including wall length, column length, height of column plastic hinge zone, first storey height, fixity of the column at grade level, and the effect of members framing into the column are studied. Several simple expressions for estimating column curvature demand are derived that can be implemented in design.

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Books on the topic "Gravity loads"

1

Rose, Andrew. A gravity model of sovereign lending: Trade, default and credit. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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Council, Canadian Wood, ed. Engineering guide for wood frame construction: Guidance and design method for light wood frame systems under gravity, wind and earthquake loads. Ottawa: Canadian Wood Council = Conseil canadien du bois, 2001.

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Engineering Guide for Wood Frame Construction (Guidence and design method for light wood frame systems under gravity, wind and earthquake loads). Canadian Wood Council, 2001.

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Engineering guide for wood frame construction: Guidance and design method for light wood frame systems under gravity, wind and earthquake loads. Ottawa: Canadian Wood Council = Conseil canadien du bois, 2001.

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Jackson, Julia Ann. Gravity load effects on lateral load resistance of diaphragms. 1989.

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K, Klute Glen, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., eds. Strength capabilities and load requirements while performing torquing tasks in zero gravity. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gravity loads"

1

Hussain, Raja Rizwan, Muhammad Wasim, and Saeed Hasan. "Structural Evaluation for Gravity Loads." In Computer Aided Seismic and Fire Retrofitting Analysis of Existing High Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 23–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7297-6_4.

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de Linage, Caroline, Jacques Hinderer, and Jean-Paul Boy. "Variability of the gravity-to-height ratio due to surface loads." In Deformation and Gravity Change: Indicators of Isostasy, Tectonics, Volcanism, and Climate Change, Vol. II, 1217–45. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0346-0149-8_4.

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Okuno, Jun'ichi, and Masao Nakada. "Contributions of ineffective ice loads on sea-level and free-air gravity." In Ice Sheets, Sea Level and the Dynamic Earth, 177–85. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gd029p0177.

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Liu, Hong Bo, Chang Hai Zhai, Yong Song Shao, and Li Li Xie. "Top Beam Flange Fracture Behavior in Steel Frame Connections under Gravity Loads." In Advances in Fracture and Damage Mechanics VI, 381–84. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-448-0.381.

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Béres, Attila, Stephen P. Pessiki, Richard N. White, and Peter Gergely. "Seismic performance of existing reinforced concrete frames designed primarily for gravity loads." In Earthquake Engineering, edited by Shamim A. Sheikh and S. M. Uzumeri, 655–62. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487583217-083.

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Braune, Wilhelm, and Otto Fischer. "Determining the Position of the Centre of Gravity in the Living Body in Different Attitudes and with Different Loads." In On the Centre of Gravity of the Human Body, 47–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69611-4_3.

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Bob, Corneliu, Sorin Dan, Catalin Badea, Aurelian Gruin, and Liana Iures. "Strengthening of the Frame Structure at the Timisoreana Brewery, Romania." In Case Studies of Rehabilitation, Repair, Retrofitting, and Strengthening of Structures, 57–80. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed012.057.

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<p>Many structures built in Romania before 1970 were designed for gravity loads with inadequate lateral load resistance because earlier codes speciﬁed lower levels of seismic loads. Some of these structures are still in service beyond their design life. Also, some deterioration was observed in existing structures due to the actions of different hazard factors. This paper presents the case study of a brewery with reinforced concrete framed structure of ﬁve storeys and a tower of nine storeys, which has been assessed and strengthened. The brewery and the tower were built in 1961 and an extension in 1971. An assessment performed in 1999 showed up local damages at slabs, main girders, secondary beams, and columns; concrete carbonation; concrete cover spalled over a large surface; complete corrosion of many stirrups and deep corrosion of main reinforcement; and some broken reinforcement. Such damage was caused by salt solution, CO2, relative humidity RH 80%, and temperatures over 40◦C. Also, inadequate longitudinal reinforcement was deduced≈ from the structural analysis. The initial design, done in 1960, was according to the Romanian codes of that time with provisions at low seismic actions. The structural system weakness is due to present-day high seismic actions. The rehabilitation of the reinforced concrete structure was performed by jacketing with reinforced concrete for the main and secondary beams and columns. In 2003, due to continuous operation and subsequent damage of the structure, a new assessment was required. It was found that some beams and one column were characterized by inadequate main and shear reinforcement as well as corrosion of many stirrups at beams. The strengthening solution adopted was based on carbon ﬁbre reinforced polymer composites for beams and column.</p>

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Pavese, Alberto, and Igor Lanese. "Verification Through Shaking Table Testing of EC8-Based Assessment Approaches Applied to a Building Designed for Gravity-Loads." In Advances in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering, 471–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8746-1_44.

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El-Attar, Adel G., Richard N. White, Peter Gergely, and Timothy K. Bond. "Shake table test of a one-eighth scale three-story reinforced concrete frame building designed primarily for gravity loads." In Earthquake Engineering, edited by Shamim A. Sheikh and S. M. Uzumeri, 639–46. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487583217-081.

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Elmasry, Mohamed I. S., Melad Belal Said, and Essam A. Elkordy. "Retrofitting Gravity Load Designed R.C Frames Using FRP." In Advances and Challenges in Structural Engineering, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01932-7_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gravity loads"

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Schneider, Stephen P., and C. Scott Branlund. "Slender Marine Pile Design for Gravity Loads." In Proceedings of Ports '13: 13th Triennial International Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413067.081.

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de Sonneville, Ben, Bas Hofland, Amund Mowinckel, and Bo Terp Paulsen. "Wave Impact Loads on Offshore Gravity Based Structure." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41879.

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Aibel is developing an offshore power converter platform concept. Its foundation is gravity-based and consists of four columns interconnected by a ring-shaped pontoon at the seabed. The platform is intended for water depths in the order of 20 to 40m. In these waters, breaking waves typically cause large wave loads on the foundation that need to be accounted for in the design. The slamming loads, pressures and air gap at the platform were investigated with a combined approach of physical and numerical modeling. This paper summarizes the set-up, test program, measurement techniques, results and analysis of the physical model tests. The tests showed that reflection and diffraction patterns caused a significant steepening of the waves between the columns, reducing the air gap and increasing the slamming frequency and magnitude on the downstream columns and underside of the deck. Excitation of resonant wave modes was identified for certain wave frequencies. Although the global wave loads were primarily governed by inertia, largest loads occurred under slamming impacts on the upstream columns, in phase with the inertial force.

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Christensen, Erik D., Iris P. Lohmann, Hans F. Hansen, Piet Haerens, Peter Mercelis, and Annelies Demuynck. "Irregular Wave Loads on a Gravity Based Foundation in Shallow Water." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49572.

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In order to achieve a safe but cost-effective foundation design of offshore structures, it is important to include effects of run-up and wave breaking in the estimation of wave loads on structures in relatively shallow water. This study presents results from a method applied to estimate wave loads on a gravity based foundation (GBF) coming from irregular waves which are potentially subjected to wave breaking. The objective of the study is to analyse the loads on gravity based foundations for wind turbines on the Thornton Bank, Belgium, due to irregular breaking waves. This study focuses on uncertainties in estimation of maximum loads based on the same wave condition, i.e. (Hs, Tp, Wave Spectrum). To this end three different synthetic irregular wave time series elaborated from the same wave condition are used to simulate the wave load on the GBF. The simulations result in time-series of wave loads and wave elevations on the GBF. The loads obtained from the model indicate a small difference (below 10% in peak values) between the wave-induced inline force for the three simulations, and differences up to 15–20% on the peak values of the obtained wave induced overturning moments. From the simulation results it is also possible to investigate flow patterns and run-up around the structure.

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Bredmose, H., J. Skourup, E. A. Hansen, E. D. Christensen, L. M. Pedersen, and A. Mitzlaff. "Numerical Reproduction of Extreme Wave Loads on a Gravity Wind Turbine Foundation." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92258.

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A fully nonlinear 3D Navier Stokes solver with VOF (Volume of Fluid) treatment of the free surface is used to reproduce two extreme laboratory wave impacts on a gravity wind turbine foundation. The wave climate is irregular waves with a current. Numerical results for inline force, overturning moment and run-up are compared to measurements. The extreme wave loads for the two events are associated with slamming onto the under side of a horizontal platform placed 9.1m above the still water level. For such impacts, the computed wave loads are strongly sensitive to the shape of the incoming waves. A comparison with a Morison-type estimation of the wave loads shows that this much simpler approach can reproduce the overall trend of the wave load history, but not the extreme moment.

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Oberlies, Robert, Jameel Khalifa, Jerry Huang, Steinar Hetland, Adel Younan, Meghan Overstake, and Scott Slocum. "Determination of Wave Impact Loads for the Hebron Gravity Based Structure (GBS)." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23503.

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ExxonMobil Canada Properties and its co-venturers are building a gravity based structure (GBS) in Newfoundland and Labrador to be installed on the Hebron Field offshore Eastern Canada. This area is characterized by harsh storms with large waves and high winds. The geometry of the Hebron GBS has an effect on the behavior of the incident waves with regards to their likelihood of breaking onto the shaft. Model tests of the structure in storm waves were executed to provide local wave impact load data on the shaft of the GBS. These tests required significant planning and design of the model, environment, and instrumentation in order to properly satisfy the test objectives. The results of the test showed that the measured wave impact loads on the structure were highly variable, requiring a long-term, response based method to quantify the design loads on an annual exceedance basis. In this paper, we discuss the salient aspects of the model testing effort and the long-term analysis approach which was utilized to define the wave impact loads that were incorporated into the Hebron GBS structural design.

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George, Shiju V. P., Trevor G. Seipp, and Shawn W. Morrison. "Classification of Thermal Piping Loads Using Limit Load Analysis." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2613.

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Equipment nozzle loads essentially originate from sustained (gravity) sources and restraint of the free thermal displacement of the attached piping. A common practice has been to assume that these thermal piping loads develop only secondary stresses. That is, a 1.5Sm [2] check on membrane stress intensities arising from thermal piping loads is typically not performed. The key assumption used in support of this approach has been that these loads decay appreciably with local shell deformation such that the associated stresses are truly self-limiting in nature. This paper illustrates that this assumption may not be appropriate in all instances. A typical pressure vessel and piping configuration is examined. In this example, the associated stresses and deformations developed due to thermal piping loads resulted in significant deformation of the shell arrangement. In static evaluations of local stresses in shells, the ASME Code only offers two classifications that may be applied to stresses resulting from thermal piping loads: primary or secondary. Given these results it may be more reasonable to treat thermal piping load membrane stresses as being primary.

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van Wijngaarden, Martijn, Piet Meijers, Tim Raaijmakers, Richard de Jager, and Kenneth Gavin. "Gravity Based Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines: Cyclic Loading and Liquefaction." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77082.

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In current modelling of excess pore pressures (EPPs) below marine structures, the irregular nature of cyclic loads and the real storm development are not taken into account. The effect of the irregular cyclic loading in time is investigated in this paper. The wind, wave and turbine loads on a gravity based foundation (GBF) are derived in the frequency domain. The real storm development is based on the CoastDat dataset. The load input is used in a program which takes the generation and dissipation of pore pressures under cyclic loading into account. Also, densification is included. The results show that the first storm in the lifetime of the GBF results in the highest EPPs. The EPP decreases in time, due to significant dissipation and densification during the build-up of a storm. Therefore, not the storms with the largest cyclic loads but the storms with the fastest build-up result in the highest EPPs, since this limits the process of densification. A large scatter is found in the maximum values of EPPs due to the irregular nature of the loads.

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Dong, Lijing, Qifan Tan, and Lijun Feng. "Design and modelling of energy-efficient electro-hydrostatic actuators under gravity loads." In 2017 9th International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control (ICMIC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmic.2017.8321647.

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Basaglia, Alberto, Marco Terrenzi, and Enrico Spacone. "FRAGILITY CURVES DEFINITION OF EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS DESIGNED FOR GRAVITY LOADS." In 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research National Technical University of Athens, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120121.8871.19501.

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Kamatchi, P., K. Balaji Rao, K. Rama Raju, and Nagesh R. Iyer. "Probabilistic Analyses of Base Shear and Roof Displacement for Wind and Earthquake Load Along with Gravity Loads." In Eighth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-8012-8_309.

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