Academic literature on the topic 'Gravity model analysis'

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Journal articles on the topic "Gravity model analysis"

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Kim, Juyoung, and Jeongsoo Kim. "Trade Area Analysis through Gravity Model." Journal of Channel and Retailing 26, no. 4 (December 2021): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17657/jcr.2021.10.31.3.

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Ševela, M. "Gravity-type model of Czech agricultural export." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 10 (March 1, 2012): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5353-agricecon.

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The article concentrates on the application of gravity-type model to explain the volume of agro-exports from the Czech Republic. The multiplicative exponential function of the appropriate explanatory variables is used to describe the bilateral trade flows. Gross national product, gross national product per capita and geographical distance between the capitals of economies proved statistically significant. From regression analysis of the transformed data, there is apparent the positive correlation between the export volume of the commodity group 0 – Food and live animals SITC, rev.3 and gross national income. On the contrary, the negative correlation is between the agro-export volume and gross national income per capita and geographical distance as well. The built model is significant at the 5% level and explains more than 75% of dependent variable variance.
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Yamarik, Steven, and Sucharita Ghosh. "A SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE GRAVITY MODEL." International Trade Journal 19, no. 1 (February 16, 2005): 83–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08853900590905784.

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Ismail Metin and Gencay Tepe. "Gravity Model: A Bibliometric Analysis and Detailed Overview." International Journal of Business and Society 22, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3183.2021.

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Originating from Newton’s gravitational theory which was posed in 1687; the concept of gravity equation was primarily used by Tinbergen in the field of international trade analysis in 1962. After Tinbergen, Pöyhönen, Linnemann, Anderson, Santos and Tenreyro, Bergstrand and Egger, Deardorff and also Wooldridge developed the theory of gravity. And gravity model has become progressively well-liked in the academic publications. The aim of this study is to determine the literature belonging to the years between 1980 which is the starting point for “gravity” related studies’ being published on Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus and 2020 to execute a bibliometric review of this literature. Thereby, it targets to supply a perspective concerning the nature of the studies executed on the subject of gravity model, so as to point out the lack of the bibliometric analysis-using studies on the field of international trade. In this study, we collected the data between 1980-2020 from Scopus and Web of Science database and analysed using the Gephi, Vosviewer and R Studio programmes in order to be used in our bibliometric analysis. The results showed that U.S.A., Germany and China are the countries which have the highest number of publications in this field, and the journals with the highest number of publications are “World Economy”, “Journal of International Economics” and “Review of International Economics”. The fact that three programmes have been simultaneously used in the study is demonstrative of the originality of the paper.
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Bi, Nakisha Natasha, and Ximei Kong. "Analysis of Fijis Regional Trade Using Gravity Model." Open Journal of Business and Management 10, no. 01 (2022): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2022.101002.

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Koo, Won W., David Karemera, and Richard Taylor. "A gravity model analysis of meat trade policies." Agricultural Economics 10, no. 1 (January 1994): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.1994.tb00291.x.

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Koo, W. "A gravity model analysis of meat trade policies." Agricultural Economics 10, no. 1 (January 1994): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5150(94)90042-6.

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Duanmu, Jun, Peter Foytik, Asad Khattak, and R. Michael Robinson. "Distribution Analysis of Freight Transportation with Gravity Model and Genetic Algorithm." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2269, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2269-01.

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The application of a gravity model in freight modeling work on both short-haul and long-haul trips is discussed. A commodity-based gravity model was developed to assess the distribution of freight by long-haul trucks in southeastern Virginia. Although gravity models have been used extensively in transportation studies, little work has been done to address the special characteristics of freight transportation, such as the definition of friction factors and the differences between long-haul and short-haul trips. Results of a recent study of these and similar problems provide valuable insight into freight distribution modeling. A new calibration method that used a genetic algorithm was applied, various commodities were modeled, and the impact of the commodities on the accuracy of the gravity model was studied. Both travel time and travel distance were tested to generate the impedance for friction factors; results showed that for commodity-based long-haul models, travel times were more appropriate for friction factor calculations. In addition, results showed that the gamma function was more suitable than the exponential function for friction factor calculations. Extensive analyses of the causes of variation between observed values and the gravity model outputs are provided. The analyses and conclusions may help modelers better understand characteristics specific to freight transportation and can promote model constructions with greater accuracy and efficiency.
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Yerdelen Tatoglu, Ferda, and Hasan Gul. "Analysis of tourism demand using a multi-dimensional panel gravity model." Tourism Review 75, no. 2 (November 17, 2019): 433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-05-2019-0147.

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Purpose This study aims to estimate the determinants of international tourist flows between destinations by using the panel gravity model. Design/methodology/approach The multi-dimensional panel gravity model was used to analyse tourism originating from 30 different countries to the 14 most-visited countries in the world between 2008 and 2016. Income (i.e. per capita gross domestic product for both the origin and destination countries), distance between countries, various economic indicators and six dummy variables were added to the gravity model as control variables. Findings The results indicated that tourist arrivals depended mainly on economic factors, i.e. income and trade variables were significant determinants of tourist arrivals. The results also suggested that estimated international tourist flows are a negative function of distance, as is postulated in economic theory. Originality/value In recent years, gravity models have been used frequently to analyse international tourism demand and have demonstrated their ability to evaluate the effects of various determinants of international tourism for many countries. The literature includes studies that used a two-dimensional panel gravity model to analyse the determinants of tourism demand to a single country from many different countries. This study differs in terms of specificity; in that, it relied on a three-dimensional panel gravity model that allowed for modelling of multiple destination countries. As a result, more comprehensive and general results relative to the determinants of tourism demand were obtained. In addition, the application of a non-nested three-dimensional panel data model, which has limited use, contributes a new perspective to the econometric literature.
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Hongwei, Wei, Wu Meiping, Tie Junbo, and Wang Shenquan. "Error analysis in gravity aided navigation." MATEC Web of Conferences 160 (2018): 07006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816007006.

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For underwater vehicles, because GPS signals are not always available, it is necessary to use inertial navigation system (INS) for navigation. In order to improve the navigation performance, the gravity value calculated by the gravity field model is introduced into the navigation system to reduce the influence of gravity on the navigation accuracy. However, due to the difference between the actual gravity field and the gravity field model, the navigation error caused by gravity field still exists. In this paper, this error is studied based on the theoretical analysis and simulation. The results show that the accuracy of gravity-aided navigation will decrease sharply when the position error of the underwater vehicles reach 9.6 n miles, because at this moment, the calculation error of vertical deflection is the largest. In the simulation experiment, the position error of the gravity-aided navigation system reach 9.6 n miles in 44 hours. Therefore, for the underwater vehicles navigation system, it is recommended that the vehicles should be corrected once every 44 hours.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gravity model analysis"

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Buchanan, Katherine Ann. "The social, geographical, and structural environments of minor noble residences in Angus, 1449-1542." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21135.

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Relying upon two common trends in modern castle studies, this exploratory study works to combine the landscape context and the spatial interaction of the main building to create an assessment of the spatial and social interaction between the main residential structure of a noble’s estate and the landscape features attached to surrounding property features. To explore questions about this kind of interaction this project has taken the sheriffdom of Angus, Scotland, between the year 1450 and 1542, to examine non-royal residences in an area that offered a diverse topography. This project aims to gain a better understanding of the surroundings of late fifteenth and early sixteenth century noble residences in Angus while contributing to the growing discussion of castles and their landscapes, and testing methods for addressing the spatial and social interaction between the main structure and the landscape features. Section A discusses the three source types used for compiling the dataset for this project within the context of three key categories needed to create a GIS dataset: location, object, and attributes. From the landscape features the mills and fishings were the most commonly mentioned and further details regarding the contents of the lordly landscapes were rare. Section B explores three methods of examining the relationships between the main residence and the landscape features: a modified RA and RRA values assessment, which measured levels of segregation within the noble residence site as a whole; a version of the gravity model, which helped identify the draw for interaction within the arrangement of the noble’s landscape; and network analysis questions, which facilitated a clear assessment of any connections between the use of structural terms and landscape features mentioned over both temporal and social contexts. This exploration of spatial and social interaction opens up a discussion about Scottish noble landscape creation and new methods for studying the relationship between the main structure and the wider complex of a noble residence.
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So, Tat-man. "Internal migration in Hong Kong, 1971-1981 : a gravity model analysis /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12318358.

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Thanyakhan, Sutana. "The Determinants of FDI and FPI in Thailand: a Gravity Model Analysis." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Commerce Division, 2008. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080429.102238/.

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Thailand has been one of significant recipients of foreign direct investment (FDI) among developing countries over the last 30 years, and has recorded rapid and sustained growth rates in a number of different industrial categories. Thailand has shown a clear policy transition for foreign investment over time from an import-substitution regime to an export-oriented regime. Before the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis (1985-1996), Thailand had the fastest growing level of exports in manufactured goods among Asian economies. FDI plays a significant role in the Thai economy. Thailand has been pursuing different foreign investment policies at different times depending on the development objectives and economic situation in the country. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the determinants of FDI and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in Thailand using the extended Gravity Model. Panel data is used to estimate and evaluate the empirical results based on the data for the years 1980 to 2004. It also examines the FDI flows between different locations and their geographical distances in Thailand. The primary research question addresses what factors motivate, attract, and sustain the FDI and FPI in Thailand. In addition, this study also examines the effects of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis on the inflows of FDI and FPI into Thailand. The results show that the inflows of FDI in Thailand, which are supply-driven, are significantly influenced by its 21 largest investing partners. The 1997 Asian Financial Crisis has no impact on the determinants of the inflows of FDI into Thailand, but positively influences the inflows of FPI into Thailand. Our results also show that increases in GDP and trade between investing partners and Thailand potentially attract more FDI and FPI into Thailand. Investing partners closer to Thailand draw more portfolio investment into Thailand than distant partners – emphasising that distance has a negative impact on the portfolio investment but a negligible impact on the FDI.
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Lundin, Jesper. "The Gravity of Liberation : An analysis of Hong Kong's trade flows." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30331.

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June 1 1997. After 155 years under British rule, Hong Kong was reunited with its ancient roots, China. The administrative power shifted. What happened then? In this paper we analyze how Hong Kong’s trade flows changed after the liberation. We conduct our analysis with main focus on the trade predicting factors of Gravity, Institutional quality and Hong Kong’s relationship to China. We have found that trade flows did not significantly change much, however, Hong Kong’s attitude towards its trade partners’ institutional quality seem to have. Further, Hong Kong seem to have embraced the reunification with China and is now more dependent of its new ruler, in terms of trade, than before.
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Beiki, Majid. "New Techniques for Estimation of Source Parameters : Applications to Airborne Gravity and Pseudo-Gravity Gradient Tensors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-143015.

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Gravity gradient tensor (GGT) data contains the second derivatives of the Earth’s gravitational potential in three orthogonal directions. GGT data can be measured either using land, airborne, marine or space platforms. In the last two decades, the applications of GGT data in hydrocarbon exploration, mineral exploration and structural geology have increased considerably. This work focuses on developing new interpretation techniques for GGT data as well as pseudo-gravity gradient tensor (PGGT) derived from measured magnetic field. The applications of developed methods are demonstrated on a GGT data set from the Vredefort impact structure, South Africa and a magnetic data set from the Särna area, west central Sweden. The eigenvectors of the symmetric GGT can be used to estimate the position of the causative body as well as its strike direction. For a given measurement point, the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue points approximately toward the center of mass of the source body. For quasi 2D structures, the strike direction of the source can be estimated from the direction of the eigenvectors corresponding to the smallest eigenvalues. The same properties of GGT are valid for the pseudo-gravity gradient tensor (PGGT) derived from magnetic field data assuming that the magnetization direction is known. The analytic signal concept is applied to GGT data in three dimensions. Three analytic signal functions are introduced along x-, y- and z-directions which are called directional analytic signals. The directional analytic signals are homogenous and satisfy Euler’s homogeneity equation. Euler deconvolution of directional analytic signals can be used to locate causative bodies. The structural index of the gravity field is automatically identified from solving three Euler equations derived from the GGT for a set of data points located within a square window with adjustable size. For 2D causative bodies with geometry striking in the y-direction, the measured gxz and gzz components of GGT can be jointly inverted for estimating the parameters of infinite dike and geological contact models. Once the strike direction of 2D causative body is estimated, the measured components can be transformed into the strike coordinate system. The GGT data within a set of square windows for both infinite dike and geological contact models are deconvolved and the best model is chosen based on the smallest data fit error.
Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 730
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Paz, Lourenço Senne. "Brazilian international and inter-state trade flows: an exploratory analysis using the gravity model." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/264.

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Made available in DSpace on 2008-05-13T13:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1477.pdf: 760447 bytes, checksum: 9ce5bd200dd610e8bfecd4ea7bdaf5ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-07-22
Recent efforts toward a world with freer trade, like WTO/GATT or regional Preferential Trade Agreements(PTAs), were put in doubt after McCallum's(1995) finding of a large border effect between US and Canadian provinces. Since then, there has been a great amount of research on this topic employing the gravity equation. This dissertation has two goals. The first goal is to review comprehensively the recent literature about the gravity equation, including its usages, econometric specifications, and the efforts to provide it with microeconomic foundations. The second goal is the estimation of the Brazilian border effect (or 'home-bias trade puzzle') using inter-state and international trade flow data. It is used a pooled cross-section Tobit model. The lowest border effect estimated was 15, which implies that Brazilian states trade among themselves 15 times more than they trade with foreign countries. Further research using industry disaggregated data is needed to qualify the estimated border effect with respect to which part of that effect can be attributed to actual trade costs and which part is the outcome of the endogenous location problem of the firm.
Esforços recentes visando um comércio mundial mais livre, como OMC/GATT ou Acordos de Comércio Preferenciais regionais, foram postos em dúvida após McCallum(1995) ter encontrado um grande efeito de fronteira entre os Estados Unidos e o Canadá. Desde então, tem havido uma grande quantidade de pesquisa sobre esse assunto, empregando a equação gravitacional. Essa dissertação possui dois objetivos. O primeiro objetivo é revisar a literatura recente sobre a equação gravitacional, incluindo seus usos, especificações econométricas e os recentes esforços de prover fundamentos microeconômicos para ela. O segundo objetivo é a estimação do efeito de fronteira do Brasil utilizando dados de comércio entre os estados brasileiros e dentre estes e os demais países do mundo. Utilizou-se um modelo Tobit com dados cross-section empilhados pelo ano. O menor efeito de fronteira estimado foi de 15, que implica que os estados brasileiros comerciam 15 vezes mais entre eles do que entre eles e os demais países. Para descobrir que partes dos efeitos de fronteira estimados podem ser atribuídos aos verdadeiros custos de comércio e qual parte pode ser atribuída ao resultado da endogeneização do problema de localização da firma, é preciso que se realizem pesquisas
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Muvingi, Onai. "Restructuring air transport to meet the needs of the Southern African development community." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7915.

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An efficient air transport system is an important part of social and economic development of Southern African Development Community (SADC). Efficient intra-SADC air service connections enhance regional integration, access to the global economy, international tourism and contribute towards the vision to establish the African Economic Community by 2034. SADC, in July 1998, embarked on liberalisation of the regional civil aviation sector in order to enhance the efficiency of air transport services. In the United States of America and European Union, the liberalisation of air transport has transformed civil aviation networks. The fragmentation of air service connections on the intra-SADC network in the midst of the liberalisation process is symptomatic of a poor implementation strategy coupled with air transport market imperfections. The purpose of this thesis is to examine, understand and explain the factors that influence the disintegration of the intra-SADC air transport network .The aim is to identify how regional air transport services can be transformed to meet the social and economic demands of the region. This research adopts network theory, as the conceptual framework of the investigation. Assuming a graph approaching maximal connection as the sought after state of affairs for SADC; this study benchmarked the post liberalisation network structure to the regional economic communities of ASEAN and MERCOSUR. The aim of the benchmarking is to identify the extend of the differences in air transport network in those two regions, resulting from the policies adopted and to establish how the SADC policies may be improved and implemented more efficiently. The findings of the study are that, in comparison to the two developing regions, SADC’s liberalisation measures have failed. The study developed and evaluated an econometric model which analysed demand patterns on the intra-SADC passenger air transport network. Although low levels of passenger demand seem to characterise the majority of SADC city-pairs, the study identified nodes with sufficient demand to justify direct connections which would in turn reduce network fragmentation. This research also establishes that the absence of a realistic detailed roadmap, an ill-defined programme of action and inadequate resources contributed to the failure of SADC’s liberalisation strategy. In its final sections, this study proposes an ideal demand-driven network configuration and offers specific recommendations to SADC member states for that network to be functional. The proposed network improves network connectivity from the current poor levels, where a connectivity measure of 15% suggests underdevelopment, to levels over 40%. The study however, acknowledges that air transport liberalisation does not necessarily guarantee equitable distribution of network efficiency in developing regions. There are communities that cannot sustain commercially viable air service connections without economic subvention, probably in the form of the Public Service Obligation (PSO) programme adopted in the EU.
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Yuan, Huan. "Morphology of osteocyte cells in normal and hyper-gravity." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/62160/1/Huan_Yuan_Thesis.pdf.

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Osteocyte cells are the most abundant cells in human bone tissue. Due to their unique morphology and location, osteocyte cells are thought to act as regulators in the bone remodelling process, and are believed to play an important role in astronauts’ bone mass loss after long-term space missions. There is increasing evidence showing that an osteocyte’s functions are highly affected by its morphology. However, changes in an osteocyte’s morphology under an altered gravity environment are still not well documented. Several in vitro studies have been recently conducted to investigate the morphological response of osteocyte cells to the microgravity environment, where osteocyte cells were cultured on a two-dimensional flat surface for at least 24 hours before microgravity experiments. Morphology changes of osteocyte cells in microgravity were then studied by comparing the cell area to 1g control cells. However, osteocyte cells found in vivo are with a more 3D morphology, and both cell body and dendritic processes are found sensitive to mechanical loadings. A round shape osteocyte’s cells support a less stiff cytoskeleton and are more sensitive to mechanical stimulations compared with flat cellular morphology. Thus, the relative flat and spread shape of isolated osteocytes in 2D culture may greatly hamper their sensitivity to a mechanical stimulus, and the lack of knowledge on the osteocyte’s morphological characteristics in culture may lead to subjective and noncomprehensive conclusions of how altered gravity impacts on an osteocyte’s morphology. Through this work empirical models were developed to quantitatively predicate the changes of morphology in osteocyte cell lines (MLO-Y4) in culture, and the response of osteocyte cells, which are relatively round in shape, to hyper-gravity stimulation has also been investigated. The morphology changes of MLO-Y4 cells in culture were quantified by measuring cell area and three dimensionless shape features including aspect ratio, circularity and solidity by using widely accepted image analysis software (ImageJTM). MLO-Y4 cells were cultured at low density (5×103 per well) and the changes in morphology were recorded over 10 hours. Based on the data obtained from the imaging analysis, empirical models were developed using the non-linear regression method. The developed empirical models accurately predict the morphology of MLO-Y4 cells for different culture times and can, therefore, be used as a reference model for analysing MLO-Y4 cell morphology changes within various biological/mechanical studies, as necessary. The morphological response of MLO-Y4 cells with a relatively round morphology to hyper-gravity environment has been investigated using a centrifuge. After 2 hours culture, MLO-Y4 cells were exposed to 20g for 30mins. Changes in the morphology of MLO-Y4 cells are quantitatively analysed by measuring the average value of cell area and dimensionless shape factors such as aspect ratio, solidity and circularity. In this study, no significant morphology changes were detected in MLO-Y4 cells under a hyper-gravity environment (20g for 30 mins) compared with 1g control cells.
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Stack, Marie M. "A gravity model analysis of trade and direct investment in the Central and Eastern European countries." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7005.

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The opening up process of the central and eastern European (CEE) countries marked new beginnings in terms of greater integration of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) with Western Europe. Adopting a two-stage out-of-sample gravity equation approach to predicting East West trade patterns, a panel data set of bilateral exports from twelve EU countries to twenty OECD partner countries is estimated over the 1992-2003 period to examine how integrated the CEE countries are with the West European countries. In general, countries which are initially less well-integrated with the EU have strongest trade potential: among the EU accession countries, the potential candidate countries look set to benefit most whereas the mixed trade ratios among the EU associated countries reflect very diverse economic structures. Using a similar approach to project East West FDI patterns, the potential to actual ratios of FDI stocks indicate a very uneven distribution of FDI among the eleven CEE countries. The FDI stock ratios accord with patterns of regional specialisation for the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland and suggest greatest FDI potential lies with the two latest accession countries. As the West European countries represents the CEE countries main trading partners and their main sources of FDI, the nature of the trade-direct investment relation among the group of EU OECD countries is of potential importance to the CEE countries. Merging the determinants for both trade and FDI into one model and estimating the merged model as a trade equation and as an FDI equation, the EU OECD patterns of FDI are characterised by both horizontal FDI (HFDI) and vertical FDI (VFDI). The dual role of HFDI and VFDI is supported when the general model of trade and FDI determinants is estimated using an instrumental variables method and when the additional price variables of FDI and trade are interpreted as cross-price elasticity effects. In a competitive world, attracting more FDI to the CEE countries may not only mean catering to the traditional MNE motives, but can also depend on transition-related factors and host country policies. Using a panel data set of bilateral FDI flows from twelve EU countries to eleven CEE countries, the traditional determinants of direct investment along with the liberalisation process and infrastructure endowments are found to significantly affect FDI over the 1994-2003 period.
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Kuester, Michele Ann. "Analysis of convectively generated gravity waves within a tropical cyclone environment: Model simulation and satellite observation." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3284475.

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Books on the topic "Gravity model analysis"

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Butt, Waheed Akram. Pakistan's export potential: A gravity model analysis. Karachi: State Bank of Pakistan, 2008.

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Mehta, Rajesh. International food safety standards and India's food exports: An analysis based on gravity model using three-dimensional data. New Delhi: Research and Information System for Developing Countries, 2010.

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Zhongguo nong chan pin chu kou shi chang jie gou ji qi you hua yan jiu: Ji yu yin li mo xing de fen xi = A research on China's agricultural export market structure and its optimization : analysis based on the gravity model. Beijing: Jing ji ke xue chu ban she, 2010.

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Benedictis, Luca De, and Luca Salvatici. The trade impact of European Union preferential policies: An analysis through gravity models. Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

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Bowin, Carl. Analysis of harmonic spline gravity models for Venus and Mars: Final report, May 15, 1985 through December 31, 1986. Woods Hole, MA: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1986.

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van Kooten, G. Cornelis, and Linda Voss, eds. International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0000.

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Abstract Because of the long-standing Canada-United States lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and enable readers to easily construct their own models to analyze policy questions, whether in forestry or another sector. Examples in the book illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one naton on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world.
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Yotov, Yoto V., Roberta Piermartini, José-Antonio Monteiro, and Mario Larch. An Advanced Guide to Trade Policy Analysis​: The Structural Gravity Model. WTO, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30875/abc0167e-en.

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Erlander, S. The Gravity Model in Transportation Analysis - Theory And Extensions (Topics in Transportation). Brill Academic Publishers, 1990.

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Jalil, Quazzani, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Analysis of low gravity tolerance of model experiments for space station: Preliminary results for directional solidification : first semi-annual report. Huntsville, Alabama: Center for Microgravity and Materials Research, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, 1988.

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Center, Goddard Space Flight, ed. Terrestrial gravity data analysis for interim gravity model improvement: Status report no. 1, period covered June 30, 1986 to December 31, 1986. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, Research Foundation, Dept. of Geodetic Science and Surveying, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gravity model analysis"

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Wang, Gaohui, Wenbo Lu, and Sherong Zhang. "Comparative Analysis of Nonlinear Seismic Response of Concrete Gravity Dams Using XFEM and CDP Model." In Seismic Performance Analysis of Concrete Gravity Dams, 11–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6194-8_2.

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Hussain, Md Ragib, Abdurrahman, and Asif Khan. "Space Ergonomics: Analysis of Artificial Gravity Model and an Improved Proposed Model." In Design Science and Innovation, 365–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9054-2_41.

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Asghar, Zoha, and Pankaj Kumar Gupta. "Analysis of India Outbound FDI Determinants Using Gravity Model Approach." In Global Versus Local Perspectives on Finance and Accounting, 43–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11851-8_4.

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Su, Weiguang, Bo Ping, and Fenzhen Su. "Construction and Application of Marine Oil Spill Gravity Vector Differences Detection Model." In Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2013, 703–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41184-7_71.

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Lerch, Francis J., Hüseyin B. Iz, and Joseph C. Chan. "Gravity Model solution based upon SLR data using eigenvalue analysis: Alternative methodology." In Contributions of Space Geodesy to Geodynamics: Earth Dynamics, 213–19. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gd024p0213.

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Lei, Shuying, Zilong Pan, and Chaoqun Niu. "Analysis of the China-Eurasian Economic Union Trade Potential Based on Trade Gravity Model." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Machine Learning and Technologies and Applications (AMLTA2022), 288–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03918-8_26.

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Chugaievska, Svitlana, Katarzyna Filipowicz, Tomasz Tokarski, and Rafał Wisła. "Simulations of voivodeship and oblast development trajectories. An analysis based on the gravity growth model." In Economic Transformation in Poland and Ukraine, 155–98. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003041375-8.

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Gong, Zijuan, and Lin Gui. "Analysis on Factors of Regional Logistics of China – ASEAN: BASED on the Angle of the Gravity Model." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 663–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24823-8_106.

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Chen, Kehao. "Analysis on the Housing Price Spatial Linkage Network of Cities in Sichuan Province Based on Gravity Model." In Lecture Notes in Operations Research, 684–98. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5256-2_54.

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Leishman, Chris. "Retail Gravity Models." In Real Estate Market Research and Analysis, 156–74. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-11281-1_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gravity model analysis"

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Alexandr, Tarasyev, and Tarasyev Alexandr. "The gravity model of labor migration behavior." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4992745.

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Ata, Sezai. "Turkey’s Export Potential: A Gravity Model Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00389.

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Given the high level of integration of the world economy, foreign trade has become very important for the development of a country. Even though Turkey exports goods and services to the majority of countries in each continent, until recently Turkey has basically focused on exports to developed European countries. The main purpose of this study is to analyze Turkey's export potential with the help of the gravity model. For this purpose, first a gravity model has been set up using panel data which consists of bilateral data for 68 countries for the period 1980-2009, and then Turkey’s exports potential to 67 countries, accounting for more than 90 percent of Turkey’s total exports, has been calculated. The most important finding of the study is that Turkey’s exports in general is below potential and there is a further room for increasing exports. In this context, according to our analysis, while Turkey’s export potential has been used up especially for developed European countries, high levels of untapped export potential exists for the majority of neighboring countries and for some of the developing countries. Another finding from this study is that trade between two countries increases proportional to their GDPs and decreases proportional to the distance between them. While the existence of features such as common language, contiguity, being parts of the same state in the past and using the same currency increases the trade between two countries, the effect of some variables on trade such as the real exchange rate depends on countries' level of development.
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Green, C. M., J. D. Fairhead, S. M. Masterton, and P. J. Webb. "Residual Gravity for Plate Tectonic Modelling Based on Global Gravity Model Analysis." In 76th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2014. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20141068.

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Nagy, Simon, and Csaba Csiszar. "Analysis of Ride-sharing based on Newton's gravity model." In 2020 Smart City Symposium Prague (SCSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scsp49987.2020.9133971.

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Ata, Sezai. "Turkey’s Trade with Neigbor Countries: A Gravity Model Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00773.

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With the ever-increasing level of integration in world economy, neighborhood relations become much more important for two-fold reasons. Firstly, neighbor countries are most important trade partners in general and secondly they form a bridge with the other countries. So, while good relations with neigbors have positive externalities for the trade with other countries, bad relations with neigbors mean reduced trade with other countries of a specific region. The main purpose of this study is to analyze Turkey's export potential with the neighbor countries with the help of the gravity model. For this purpose, first a gravity model has been set up using panel data which consists of bilateral data for 68 countries for the period 1980-2009, and then Turkey’s exports potential to 10 neigbor countries is analyzed. One important finding of the study is that Turkey’s exports to neighbor countries in general is below potential and there is a further room for increasing exports. While the short distance, one of the two most important indicator of trade in a gravity model (the other is GDP), is one of the main drivers of high trade among countries, its full effect depends on the geographical conditons of two countries. Our analysis shows that, high levels of untapped export potential exists for the majority of neighboring countries.
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Youwen Peng and Jingtai Niu. "The combined model of reliability analysis for stability in gravity dam." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5988650.

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Kim, V. E. "New Global Earth Model and Seafloor Gravity Analysis for Offshore Exploration." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/5992-ms.

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Sitorus, Nurbetty, and Hafizd Ramadhan. "The Analysis of Indonesia’s Coal Export Value Using the Gravity Model." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Economics, Business, and Entrepreneurship, ICEBE 2021, 7 October 2021, Lampung, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-10-2021.2316236.

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Zhang, Zhenjiang, Hutao Cui, Pingyuan Cui, and Meng Yu. "Modeling and Analysis of Gravity Field of 433Eros Using Polyhedron Model Method." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science (ICIECS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciecs.2010.5677738.

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Kaili Dou and Qingming Zhan. "Accessibility analysis of urban emergency shelters: Comparing gravity model and space syntax." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965642.

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Reports on the topic "Gravity model analysis"

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Perry, Ralph J. A Strategic Analysis Model For Center Of Gravity Determination In Full Spectrum. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377415.

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Ajmani, Manmeet, Vishruta Choudhary, Avinash Kishore, and Devesh Roy. ASEAN, SAARC, and the indomitable China in food trade: A gravity model analysis of trade patterns. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133662.

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Phelps, G. A., E. H. McKee, D. Sweetkind, and V. E. and Langenheim. Preliminary model of the pre-Tertiary basement rocks beneath Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, based on analysis of gravity and magnetic data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/774494.

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Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter B. Kaufman, Shimon Meir, and Abraham H. Halevy. Inhibition of the Gravitropic Shoot Bending in Stored Cut Flowers Through Control of Their Graviperception: Involvement of the Cytoskeleton and Cytosolic Calcium. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586533.bard.

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Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to study the mechanism involved in shoot graviperception and early transduction, in order to determine the sequence of events operating in this process. This will enable to control the entire process of gravity-induced differential growth without affecting vertical growth processes essential for development. Thus, several new postulated interactions, operating at the perception and early transduction stages of the signaling cascade leading to auxin-mediated bending, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon spikes and oat shoot pulvini, according to the following research goals: 1) Establish the role of amyloplasts as gravireceptors in shoots; 2) Investigate gravity-induced changes in the integrity of shoot actin cytoskeleton (CK); 3) Study the cellular interactions among actin CK, statoliths and cell membranes (endoplasmic reticulum - ER, plasma membrane - PM) during shoot graviperception; 4) Examine mediation of graviperception by modulations of cytosolic calcium - [Ca2+]cyt, and other second messengers (protein phosphorylation, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate - IP3). Revisions: 1) Model system: in addition to snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) spikes and oat (Avena sativa) shoot pulvini, the model system of maize (Zea mays) primary roots was targeted to confirm a more general mechanism for graviperception. 2) Research topic: brassinolide, which were not included in the original plan, were examined for their regulatory role in gravity perception and signal transduction in roots, in relation to auxin and ethylene. Background to the topic: The negative gravitropic response of shoots is a complex multi-step process that requires the participation of various cellular components acting in succession or in parallel. Most of the long-lasting studies regarding the link between graviperception and cellular components were focused mainly on roots, and there are relatively few reports on shoot graviperception. Our previous project has successfully characterized several key events occurring during shoot bending of cut flowers and oat pulvini, including amyloplast displacement, hormonal interactions and differential growth analysis. Based on this evidence, the present project has focused on studying the initial graviperception process in flowering stems and cereal shoots. Major conclusions and achievements: 1) The actin and not the microtubule (MT) CK is involved in the graviperception of snapdragon shoots. 2) Gravisensing, exhibited by amyloplast displacement, and early transduction events (auxin redistribution) in the gravitropic response of snapdragon spikes are mediated by the acto-myosin complex. 3) MTs are involved in stem directional growth, which occurs during gravitropism of cut snapdragon spikes, but they are not necessary for the gravity-induced differential growth. 4) The role of amyloplasts as gravisensors in the shoot endodermis was demonstrated for both plant systems. 5) A gravity-induced increase in IP.
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Russell, H. A. J., and S. K. Frey. Canada One Water: integrated groundwater-surface-water-climate modelling for climate change adaptation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329092.

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Canada 1 Water is a 3-year governmental multi-department-private-sector-academic collaboration to model the groundwater-surface-water of Canada coupled with historic climate and climate scenario input. To address this challenge continental Canada has been allocated to one of 6 large watershed basins of approximately two million km2. The model domains are based on natural watershed boundaries and include approximately 1 million km2 of the United States. In year one (2020-2021) data assembly and validation of some 20 datasets (layers) is the focus of work along with conceptual model development. To support analysis of the entire water balance the modelling framework consists of three distinct components and modelling software. Land Surface modelling with the Community Land Model will support information needed for both the regional climate modelling using the Weather Research & Forecasting model (WRF), and input to HydroGeoSphere for groundwater-surface-water modelling. The inclusion of the transboundary watersheds will provide a first time assessment of water resources in this critical international domain. Modelling is also being integrated with Remote Sensing datasets, notably the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). GRACE supports regional scale watershed analysis of total water flux. GRACE along with terrestrial time-series data will serve provide validation datasets for model results to ensure that the final project outputs are representative and reliable. The project has an active engagement and collaborative effort underway to try and maximize the long-term benefit of the framework. Much of the supporting model datasets will be published under open access licence to support broad usage and integration.
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Beeson, Paul. Gravity maps, models and analysis of the greater Portland area, Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5868.

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Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter Kaufman, Shimon Meir, and Abraham Halevy. Signal Transduction Pathway of Hormonal Action in Control and Regulation of the Gravitropic Response of Cut Flowering Stems during Storage and Transport. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695838.bard.

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Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to increase our understanding of the cellular mechanisms operating during the gravitropic response of cut flowers, for solving their bending problem without affecting flower quality. Thus, several elements operating at the 3 levels o the gravity-induced signal transduction pathway, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon stems according to the following research goals: 1) Signaling: characterize the signal transduction pathway leading to the gravitropic response, regarding the involvement of [Ca2+]cyt as a mediator of IAA movement and sensitivity to auxin. 2) Transduction by plant hormones: a) Examine the involvement of auxin in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to: possible participation of auxin binding protein (ABP), auxin redistribution, auxin mechanism of action (activation of H+-ATPase) mediation by changes in [Ca2+]cyt and possible regulation of auxin-induced Ca2+ action b: calmodulin-activated or Ca2+-activated protein kinases (PK). b) Examine the involvement of ethylene in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to auxin-induced ethylene production and sensitivity of the tissue to ethylene. 3) Response: examine the effect of gravistimulation on invertase (associated with growth and elongation) activity and invertase gene expression. 4) Commercial practice: develop practical and simple treatments to prevent bending of cut flowers grown for export. Revisions: 1) Model systems: in addition to snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), 3 other model shoe systems, consisting of oat (Avena sativa) pulvini, Ornithogalun 'Nova' cut flowers and Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence, were targeted to confirm a more general mechanism for shoot gravitropism. 2 Research topics: the involvement of ABP, auxin action, PK and invertase in the gravitropic response of snapdragon stems could not be demonstrated. Alternatively, the involvement in the gravity signaling cascade of several other physiological mediators apart of [Ca2+]cyt such as: IP3, protein phosphorylation and actin cytoskeleton, was shown. Additional topics introduced: starch statolith reorientation, differential expression of early auxin responsive genes, and differential shoot growth. Background to the topic: The gravitropic bending response of flowering shoots occurring upon their horizontal placement during shipment exhibits a major horticultural problem. In spite of extensive studies in various aboveground organs, the gravitropic response was hardly investigated in flowering shoots. Being a complex multistep process that requires the participation of various cellular components acting in succession or in parallel, analysis of the negative gravitropic response of shoot includes investigation of signal transduction elements and various regulatory physiological mediators. Major achievements: 1) A correlative role for starch statoliths as gravireceptors in flowering shoot was initially established. 2) Differentially phosphorylated proteins and IP3 levels across the oat shoe pulvini, as well as a differential appearance of 2 early auxin-responsive genes in snapdragon stems were all detected within 5-30 minutes following gravistimulation. 3) Unlike in roots, involvement of actin cytoskeleton in early events of the gravitropic response of snapdragon shoots was established. 4) An asymmetric IAA distribution, followed by an asymmetric ethylene production across snapdragon stems was found following gravistimulation. 5) The gravity-induced differential growth in shoots of snapdragon was derived from initial shrinkage of the upper stem side and a subsequent elongation o the lower stem side. 6) Shoot bending could be successfully inhibited by Ca2+ antagonists (that serve as a basis for practical treatments), kinase and phosphatase inhibitors and actin-cytoskeleton modulators. All these agents did not affect vertical growth. The essential characterization of these key events and their sequence led us to the conclusion that blocking gravity perception may be the most powerful means to inhibit bending without hampering shoot and flower growth after harvest. Implications, scientific and agriculture: The innovative results of this project have provided some new insight in the basic understanding of gravitropism in flower stalks, that partially filled the gap in our knowledge, and established useful means for its control. Additionally, our analysis has advanced the understanding of important and fundamental physiological processes involved, thereby leading to new ideas for agriculture. Gravitropism has an important impact on agriculture, particularly for controlling the bending of various important agricultural products with economic value. So far, no safe control of the undesired bending problem of flower stalks has been established. Our results show for the first time that shoot bending of cut flowers can be inhibited without adverse effects by controlling the gravity perception step with Ca2+ antagonists and cytoskeleton modulators. Such a practical benefit resulting from this project is of great economic value for the floriculture industry.
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Tsamis, N. C., and R. P. Woodard. Mode analysis and Ward identities for perturbative quantum gravity in de Sitter space. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7012669.

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Tsamis, N. C., and R. P. Woodard. Mode analysis and Ward identities for perturbative quantum gravity in de Sitter space. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10177917.

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de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.

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Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.
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