Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gravity model of international trade

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Academic literature on the topic 'Gravity model of international trade'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gravity model of international trade"

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Sejdini, Abdulmenaf, and Ilirjana Kraja. "International Trade of Albania. Gravity Model." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2014): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v2i1.p220-228.

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Today we live in a world where such economic globalization and technological developments have created many advantages but also shortcomings regarding social and economic development of different countries of the world. Since the beginning of the transition until the trade regime now, our country has undergone profound changes. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to see the major development steps of international trade in Albania over the years and look at the key factors that have contributed to it. The paper provides some theoretical and empirical considerations regarding trade development with the focus on export-imports in our country in relation to the Free Trade Agreements, as these have affected Albania's international trade. Specifically, it offers an application of the Gravity Model of Trade for Albanian case in relation to its 27 export/import countries. The findings from the model application result in stable trade flows for Albania.
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Shah Zainal Abidin, Irwan, Muhammad Haseeb, Lee Wen Chiat, and Md Rabiul Islam. "Determinants of Malaysia – BRICS trade linkages: gravity model approach." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 2 (July 14, 2016): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2-2).2016.14.

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The main objective of this study is to explore the long-run and short-run relationship between trade and other macroeconomic variables of Malaysian and the BRICS countries. To test relationship between trade and other macroeconomic variables, the empirical investigation will be conducted based on the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) and fully modify ordinary least square (FMOLS) model for the period 1980-2015. Results of both DOLS and FMOLS show that out of all the variables included in the model distance between Malaysia and BRICS countries and corruption of both side have negative affect on bilateral trade between them. Whereas, GDP, GDP per capita and trade to GDP ratio are positively contribute in the bilateral trade. However, inflation and exchange rate of Malaysia and BRCIS countries have no effect on the bilateral trade between Malaysia and BRICS countries. The findings suggest that economic strengthening as the basis for increase in trade between Malaysia and BRICS members. Investment appears to be complementary to the trading relations in the Malaysia-BRICS case. The social capital also plays role in supporting the trade
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DINCER, Gonul. "The Gravity Model in International Trade Theory." Ekonomik Yaklasim 24, no. 88 (2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ey.35200.

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Shahriar, Saleh, Lu Qian, Sokvibol Kea, and Nazir Muhammad Abdullahi. "The gravity model of trade." Review of innovation and competitiveness 5, no. 1 (2019): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/ric.2019.51/2.

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Purpose. The purpose of this study is to trace the theoretical developments of the gravity model of trade. The key question is: what are the dominant features of the development of the gravity trade model? Methodology. This research is conducted by employing a number of methods that include the historical, descriptive and analytical methods. The main contribution of this paper is to trace the historical and theoretical development phases of the gravity model. Findings. This study is a novel attempt in terms of the identification of the four distinctive phases of the development of the gravity model. This work would, therefore, expand the existing literature on the gravity model. We argue that the development of the gravity model is the outcome of many research efforts. A large body of literature has given the model a solid theoretical foundation. But there is no consensus about the proper econometric estimation methods of the model. The gravity model is significant both historically and analytically. It is a useful tool for the analysis of international trade. It has become a popular research device used by the researchers and policy makers around the world. The gravity is regarded as one of the most successful models in the literature of international economics. Originality. The original contributions of this paper lie in streamlining the consistent historical development of the gravity model over a longer period of time-frame, ranging from 1885 to 2018. Limitations and Implications. This work is theoretical aspects of the trade gravity model. Future researchers could overcome the limitations by combining the theoretical and empirical studies in a paper. This paper can help the future researchers in dealing with the broad body of literature of gravity model. Acknowledement. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants No.71673223 & 71473197), and a PhD scholarship from the China Scholarship Council (CSC). The first author would like to thank the CSC for the financial support. He also acknowledges the invaluable research advice and guidance received from Dr. Yoto V. Yotov, professor at the School of Economics of the Lebow College of Business at Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA. The authors are highly grateful to the anonymous reviewers, managing editor, and the editor-in chief for their kind help and critical comments on the earlier drafts of the paper. However, the authors are responsible for the contents and limitations of the study. They declared no conflict of interests.
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Okhotnikov, Alexander, Muhammad Imtiaz Subhani, Shatila Khodor, and Denis Ushakov. "Gravity model and Pakistan - China Trade." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 06036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125806036.

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Pakistan being an important ally of the war against terror paying huge price of not merely of innocent lives of people but huge monetary losses in many sectors of economy, one lucrative sector is international trade. Pakistan’s export potential has undergone strenuous pressures to perform according to the past performance. There was a need to reveal new export potential and lucrative sectors of economy with recommended policy changes so that new paradigm change in international trade can be initiated. This empirical study carried to meet the objective in which gravity model is used for investigating the bilateral trade between Pakistan and China. This model is being used extensively by the researchers worldwide to make predictions about volume of international trade to suggest the policy changes in international trade management. The findings confirm that the tariff rates significantly and negatively affects the Export Volume from Pakistan to China as t-stats > 1.5 which results the trade deficit to be increased, while the affinity (i.e. bilateral visits of people of Pakistan and China to each other countries, bilateral dialogues between China and Pakistan, Social integrations programs between China and Pakistan etc.) between China and Pakistan and Geography (i.e. the trading countries are both in Asia with the connected borders) significantly and positively affects the Export Volume from Pakistan to China as t-stats > 1.5, thus the trade deficit is reduced due to stated affinity and geography. The large value of F-stats also reports that the relationships of export volume from Pakistan to China with all outlined stated explanatory variables/ predictors (i.e. the gravity model for bilateral trade between Pakistan and China) will remain alive for longer period of time in future.
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Sinaga, Aldon MHP, Masyhuri, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto, and Sri Widodo. "Employing Gravity Model to Measure International Trade Potential." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 546 (June 26, 2019): 052072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/546/5/052072.

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Abbas, Shujaat, and Abdul Waheed. "Pakistan’s Global Trade Potential: A Gravity Model Approach." Global Business Review 20, no. 6 (July 31, 2019): 1361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150919848936.

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The international trade of Pakistan is highly concentrated on a few goods and markets. This study investigates macroeconomic behaviour of trade flow and explores potential trade markets for Pakistan using an augmented gravity model on a large panel of 47 cross-sections from 1980 to 2013. The result of standard gravity variables shows consistent findings with statistically significant t-statistics, whereas augmented variables reveal that relative price has a positive impact with lower price elasticity. The result of binary variables shows that Pakistan’s trade is more with countries having the same language, whereas lower trade is observed with bordering countries. The result of South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) revealed ineffectiveness of regional integration on the creation of trade for Pakistan, whereas, bilateral free trade agreements (BFTAs) have created considerable trade. The finding of trade potential revealed exhausted potential with major trading partners and there is a need for greater trade diversification from exhausted to potential countries. It has higher untapped potential with Nepal, Iraq, India, Philippines and Jordan, respectively, in Asia, whereas European countries have the highest potential. The results concluded that Pakistan can diversify its trade from exhausted to potential countries through individual BFTAs and multilateral free trade agreements. South Asian countries should address their disputes and revisit SAFTA aiming to improve regional trade and growth.
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WARD, MICHAEL D., JOHN S. AHLQUIST, and ARTURAS ROZENAS. "Gravity's Rainbow: A dynamic latent space model for the world trade network." Network Science 1, no. 1 (April 2013): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2013.1.

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AbstractThe gravity model, long the empirical workhorse for modeling international trade, ignores network dependencies in bilateral trade data, instead assuming that dyadic trade is independent, conditional on a hierarchy of covariates over country, time, and dyad. We argue that there are theoretical as well as empirical reasons to expect network dependencies in international trade. Consequently, standard gravity models are empirically inadequate. We combine a gravity model specification with “latent space” networks to develop a dynamic mixture model for real-valued directed graphs. The model simultaneously incorporates network dependencies in both trade incidence and trade volumes. We estimate this model using bilateral trade data from 1990 to 2008. The model substantially outperforms standard accounts in terms of both in- and out-of-sample predictive heuristics. We illustrate the model's usefulness by tracking trading propensities between the USA and China.
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Host, Alen, Helga Pavlić Skender, and Petra Adelajda Zaninović. "Trade Logistics – the Gravity Model Approach." Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics: Journal of Economics and Business 37, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2019.1.327.

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Šimáková, Jana, and Daniel Stavárek. "An Empirical Sector-Specific Gravity Model for Hungarian International Trade." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 6 (2015): 2145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563062145.

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This paper contributes to the economic literature on the impact of exchange rate volatility on Hungary’s foreign trade. Basic gravity model shows that trade volume between a pair of countries is an increasing function of their sizes (GDP) and a decreasing function of the distance between them. Additional factors included in extended model are population, dummy for common border and proxy for exchange rate volatility. The measure of exchange rate volatility is estimated by GARCH model. This paper explores relationship between trade and exchange rate uncertainty using quarterly data over the period 1999:1 – 2014:3. In order to obtain the objective result, we use the panel data regression for 10 sectors of Hungarian international trade based on SITC classification and six major trading partners (Austria, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy and Poland). The significant parameters obtained from panel regression demonstrate that bilateral exchange rate volatility leads to a decrease in Hungary’s foreign trade.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gravity model of international trade"

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Bonacorsi, Laura. "Essays in International Trade." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107278.

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Thesis advisor: James E. Anderson
The gravity model proved to to be one of the most successful framework for analyzing international trade flows, being referred to as the “workhorse” in the international trade literature (Head and Mayer (2014)). Microfoundations to this model has been provided in Anderson (1979) and it has often been employed to estimate the effects of a variety of trade policies (see Cipollina and Salvatici (2010) for a meta-analysis on reciprocal trade agreements, Rose (2000) for the effects of currency unions). The two chapters of this dissertation, which are independent empirical pieces, both make use of gravity equations for the estimation of trade flows, although with different purposes. The first chapter focuses on the specification of the gravity equation. In the second chapter, instead, gravity equations are employed for assessing the relationship between trade and growth: in fact, their estimation represents the first step for the creation of an instrumental variable for export flows. In the first chapter, a solo-authored work titled Scale Economies in European Trade, I show that European data support the existence of economies of scale in trade flows. The impact of trade costs on trade flows, in fact, is assumed to be constant by almost all empirical studies employing the gravity framework. Anderson et al. (2016) are the first to depart from this assumption, allowing trade costs to vary as a function of trade volumes. Their model nests the more traditional one and hence can be used to test for the existence of these scale economies, which are shown to be in place for trade between US and Canada. For my analysis I construct a comprehensive dataset for European trade in manufacturing over a long time span (from 1980 to 2013), on which I employ the same methodology. My results show that scale economies in trade costs are indeed a strong empirical fact outside of the American continent, and this holds for all the 26 manufacturing sectors considered, with an estimated average of 0.64% decrease in trade costs given by a 10% increase in trade volume. The focus on Europe allows me to test whether the EU expansion affected these economies of scale. While this is not true on average, it seems to be the case for some industries: trade with a EU partner entails scale elasticities 50% lower than trade with a non-EU member for 11 sectors out of the 26 considered. I also investigate whether scale elasticities can be rationalized by the existence of informational asymmetries. Using detailed product-level data, I do not find evidence that the degree of product homogeneity can account for the observed cross-sectoral variation. The scale coefficients are instead linked to country-specific institutional variables, such as the level of corruption: exporting to the country whose level of corruption is the lowest in the sample entails half the scale elasticity than exporting to the most corrupted one. In other words, corruption depresses trade to an higher extent on longer distances. In the second chapter, joint with Carlo Altomonte and Italo Colantone and titled Trade and Growth in the Age of Global Value Chains, we revisit the relationship between trade and income, taking into account the recent surge of global value chains (GVCs). First, we develop a new geography-based, time-varying instrument for export, exploiting the sharp increase (almost tripling) in the maximum size of container ships between 1995 and 2007. This global shock has an asymmetric impact on bilateral trade flows across countries, affecting disproportionately more countries endowed with a larger number of deep-water ports, which are needed to accommodate the new, much larger ships. We exploit this heterogeneity for identification, building up the instrument for export in a gravity framework. Our result show that export has a positive effect on GDP per capita, with a 0.6 elasticity. Evidence at the country-level shows that this effect works through capital accumulation. Exploiting the decomposition methodology by Wang et al. (2013), we show that differences in the value added composition of exports matter for trade-growth nexus. We find evidence in favor of an income premium for countries that upgrade their positioning in GVCs, whereas the degree of participation to GVCs does not seem to play a role. Consistent with this finding, we show that countries whose average level of upstreamness (a’ la Antras and Chor (2013)) increases the most over time exhibit a higher trade elasticity of income. Both papers indirectly deal with the effect of geographical distance on international trade flows. One of the strongest regularities in economics is certainly the negative role played on trade flows by the distance between origin and destination. Disdier and Head (2004), comparing 1,467 different studies, compute an average distance elasticity of trade of about -0.9. Hummels (2007) shows that the distance elasticity of trade does not seem to diminish over time, as it would do should distance be capturing only transportation costs, thanks to the technological developments witnessed in the transportation sector. Distance seems then to refer to trade costs in general, including institutional, policy and regulatory barriers that, also for historical reasons, often increase the further away countries are located. In the first paper, I show that the impact of distance on trade flows is not constant but varies with trade volumes. This corresponds with having a component of the composite friction described before, hidden in the distance term, being fixed and is consistent with micro-evidence on the export behavior obtained from firm-level data (Roberts and Tybout (1997)). It seems natural, then, to test whether some characteristics, either at the product-level or at the country-level, have a prominent role in explaining the non-linear effect that distance has on trade. My results find in level of corruption of the destination country an important determinant. In the second paper, we test whether the distance elasticity of trade varies as a function of the number of deep water ports on both the importer’s and the exporter’s shores, capturing the extent to which countries can trade via container vessels. The data support this claim for all the manufacturing sectors considered, showing that geographical distance, even though non-exclusively, captures the incidence of transportation costs on export flows
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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Wu, Wei Trindade Vitor. "Three essays on trade gravity model." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6156.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 17, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Vitor Trindade. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Cain, Donneil. "The gravity model of international trade : econometric properties and applications." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43400/.

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This thesis reviews the literature, simulates and applies the Gravity Model of International Trade. The gravity model is widely used in international trade to examine trade flows within a network of exporters and importers. It describes the push and pull factors of trade flows and is fast becoming the most favoured tool when estimating the welfare effects of a trade policy. Therefore, estimating an accurate baseline equation is critical to correctly identify the welfare effects of trade and accompanying trade policies. Recent developments in the literature on the gravity model have helped in this regard. Chapter 1 presents a summary. The literature identifies several estimation issues and prescribes several actions that could be taken to best estimate the gravity model and minimize potential bias in the coefficient(s) of interest. With the objective of minimizing the bias on the coefficient(s) of interest, this thesis, in Chapter 2, builds on the literature by simulating and estimating the gravity model using varying assumptions about the data generating process (dgp) of the errors, conditional mean and sample. The findings from these simulations are then used to guide the application (Chapter 3) of the gravity model to trade among Caribbean Community (CARICOM) members and trade between CARICOM members and the rest of the world (ROW). Subsequently, in Chapter 4, the gravity model is used as the basis for a general equilibrium framework to investigate the importance of international borders, regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the potential impact of deeper integration in the form of a currency union among CARICOM members. The welfare implications for CARICOM members, associated with being a member of the RTA and adapting a common currency, are presented in Chapter 4 along with several recommended trade policies and areas for future research.
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Marchildon, Miguel. "An Application of the Gravity Model to International Trade in Narcotics." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37258.

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The transnational traffic of narcotics has had undeniable impacts on international development, for instance, stagnant economic growth in Myanmar (Chin, 2009), unsustainable agricultural practices in Yemen (Robins, 2016), and human security threats in Columbia (Thoumi, 2013). Furthermore, globalization is a catalyst for the transnational narcotics traffic (Robins, 2016; Aas, 2007; Kelly, Maghan & Serio, 2005). Several qualitative studies exist on the transnational narcotics traffic, yet few quantitative studies examine the issue. There is thus an opportunity for novel quantitative studies on the general question: “what are the main economic factors that influence the transnational traffic of narcotics between countries?” This study looked at the specific question: “are distance and economic size correlated with the volume of narcotics traffic between countries?” This study chose the gravity model as it centres on bilateral trade (Tinbergen, 1962), accounts for trade barriers (Kalirajan, 2008) and is empirically robust (Anderson 2011). This study defined a basic functional gravity model relating a proxy of the narcotics traffic to distance and economic size. Four augmented functional gravity models were also advanced to address omitted variable bias. The research was limited conceptually to cross sectional and pooled time series data. In addition, the data was also limited practically to a convenience sample of secondary data drawn from: the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime’s (UNODC) (2016a) Individual Drug Seizures (IDS); the World Bank’s (2016) World Development Indicators; and the CEPII’s GeoDist (2016) datasets. This study used a novel “dosage” approach to unit standardization to overcome the challenge posed by the many measures and forms of narcotics. The study used the Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) estimator as its estimations of the gravity model are consistent (Gourieroux et al., 1984), allow heteroscedasticity (Silva & Tenreyro, 2006) and avoid back transformation bias (Cox et al., 2008). The evidence analyzed in this study seem to indicate that the gravity model may not be applicable in its current form to the transnational narcotics traffic among countries that report drug seizures to the UNODC. However, the sampling method and the choice of proxy are likely to influence these findings. Moreover, the low explanatory power of the gravity model for the narcotics traffic, reflected in the values of the pseudo-R-squared coefficient of determination, indicates that other factors are at play. For instance, authors such as Asad and Harris (2003) and Thoumi (2003) argue that institutions could be a key factor in the narcotics traffic. Future empirical research into this topic could build on the theses findings to introduce new proxies and to explore alternate theoretical frameworks.
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Xu, Albert. "Investigating the Effects of Cultural Distance on the Gravity Model of Trade." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1568.

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The gravity model of trade is the workhorse model for international trade. In its most basic form, it stipulates that bilateral trade flow between two countries is proportional to the countries’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the distance between them. According to the gravity model, the elasticity of trade flows to distance, or the “distance effect,” has increased since the early 1970s, a confounding empirical result known as the “distance puzzle.” This paper investigates the distance effect more closely by decomposing it. More specifically, it aims to isolate the effects from culture, constructing measures of cultural distance and examining their effects on bilateral trade levels and the distance effect. The results show that cultural differences do not account for the distance puzzle. However, it also finds that cultural distance has both a substantial and statistically significant effect on bilateral trade.
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Nguyen, Duc Bao. "Essays on regional trade agreements and international trade." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0203/document.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le contexte de prolifération des accords commerciaux régionaux (ACR) et traite des effets des ACR sur le commerce international. Nous visons à mieux comprendre et à apporter des points de vue nouveaux sur le rôle des ACR et du régionalisme en général en tant qu’élément important de la politique commerciale international aujourd’hui. Dans le premier chapitre, nous revisitons les effets ex post des ACR sur le commerce des pays membres et le commerce extrabloc en adoptant une approche empirique. Nous cherchons à déterminer la manière dont les blocs commerciaux régionaux affectent le commerce non seulement entre pays membres mais aussi entre pays membres et pays extérieurs à l’accord. Notre analyse confirme que les ACR augmentent de manière significative le commerce intra-bloc ; néanmoins, dans de nombreux cas, les ACR impliquent des effets de détournement d’échanges qui sont préjudiciables au reste du monde. Le chapitre deux examine de quelle manière la période de mise en œuvre de l’accord et les niveaux de développement des pays membres déterminent, en dynamique, l’effet des ACR sur le commerce international. Nous obtenons des tendances distinctes des effets ex post de l’ACR sur le commerce entre les accords Nord-Nord, Sud-Sud et Nord-Sud. Nous vérifions empiriquement que les ACR conclus par des partenaires commerciaux ayant un statut de développement économique analogue (les accords Nord-Nord ou Sud-Sud) sont susceptibles d’engendrer une augmentation plus forte du commerce des membres pendant une période de mise en œuvre plus courte. Le chapitre trois porte sur la manière dont les interactions entre ACR et développement financier influencent les flux d'échanges entre partenaires commerciaux. Dans ce travail conjoint avec Anne-Gaël Vaubourg, nous montrons que le développement financier (particulièrement sous sa forme intermédiée) encourage les échanges commerciaux mais que cet effet est atténué dès lors que les partenaires commerciaux ont signé un ACR
The subject of this dissertation focuses on the analysis of different aspects of the relationship between regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the multilateral trading system. We aim to provide a fresh understanding and views of the role of RTAs and regionalism in general as an important feature of international trade policy today. In chapter one we revisit the ex post effects of RTAs on member countries’ trade and extrabloc trade by adopting an empirical approach. We explore how regional trading blocs have influenced trade among members as well as trade with nonmembers. Our analysis confirms the widespread trade-enhancing effects of RTAs on member countries’ trade; however, in many cases, they lead to trade diversion effects that are detrimental to the rest of the world. Chapter two takes a closer look at how the implementation period of trade liberalization and partners’ levels of development affect the RTA dynamic effects on trade over time. We obtain distinct patterns of ex post RTA effects on trade across North-North RTAs, South-South RTAs and North-South RTAs. We empirically validate that RTAs formed by trading partners experiencing similar economic development status (North-North RTAs or South-South RTAs) are likely to lead to a larger increase in members’ trade during a shorter implementation period. Chapter three studies the mechanism through which RTAs impact the effect of financial development on trade flows between exporting and importing countries. In this joint work with Anne-Gaël Vaubourg, we show that the trade-enhancing role of financial development in the exporting country—especially through intermediated finance—is mitigated when there is an RTA between this country and its trading partner
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Garmaza, Volha. "The Impact of Immigration on Trade : The case of Sweden." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-14906.

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The considerable increase in international trade and migration flows can be treated as the consequence of globalization and economic integration process during the recent years. The issue of immigration impact on trade has been studied a lot since the middle of 1990s and a significant and positive effect was found in most of the cases. This paper contributes to previous studies by investigating the impact of immigrants from 155 countries on Sweden’s exports to and imports from these countries during the period from 1980 till 2010, using an augmented gravity model. The impact of immigrants on exports and imports is studied separately by looking at the whole period results and the dynamic of changes within the period. Besides this the influence of immigrants’ home countries peculiarities (by dividing them on regions and level of development) and immigrants’ type (immigrant stock, immigrant flow and asylum seekers) is tested. To the best of my knowledge it is the first study that implements this variety of classification tests for Swedish data. The empirical results suggest that a 10 % increase in immigrant stock facilitates a 1% increase in exports to and a 0.5% increase of Sweden’s imports from the immigrants’ home countries. There is a tendency of gradual decrease of immigrants’ impact on both exports and imports within the period under consideration. According to the different classification tests the immigrants from Africa have the largest impact on Sweden’s exports, though European immigrants have the largest impact on imports; Swedish foreign born population from developed countries more facilitate trade than those who are from developing; new comers and temporary immigrants have almost the same impact on exports as the total immigrant stock, but there is even slightly negative effect on trade by asylum seekers.
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Shang, Xia. "Food safety impacts on U.S. domestic meat demand and international red meat trade." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32729.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Agricultural Economics
Glynn Tonsor
Few things facing the U.S. meat industry in recent years have garnered more attention of economic researchers than food safety events, policies, and mitigation efforts. This dissertation has two main essays and themes focusing on both domestic and international food safety issues. Contributing new insights to this situation, the impacts of FSIS (Food Safety Inspection Service) recalls on consumer meat demand in the United States are estimated by a series of Rotterdam models in the first study using monthly grocery-scanner data. Multiple model specifications are employed to further assess effects across meat products and geographic regions. Recall variables are constructed separately as beef E. coli recall, beef non-E. coli recall, pork recall, and poultry recall variables to facilitate finer assessment of demand impacts. Results suggest beef E. coli recalls significantly reduce the demand for ground beef contemporaneously among most, but not all, regions in the United States. The ultimate finding of food safety effects neither being fully homogeneous nor entirely heterogeneous warrants appreciation. In order to protect domestic consumers and meat industries from potential food safety hazards, some member countries of the WTO implement sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures as non-tariff barriers. The second study focuses on investigating the determinants of red meat trade patterns and associated impacts of SPS regulations. This analysis uses multiple product-level gravity equation models and PPML (Poisson Pesudo Maximum-likelihood estimators to overcome sample selection bias and heteroscedasticity and examine the trade relationship among other factors. Results indicate that, trade values of frozen beef and pork are significantly reduced by the implementation of SPS measures. Also, the spillover effects across meat products on trade were detected which provides essential information to the meat industry, policy makers, and trade representatives.
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Paz, Lourenço Senne. "Brazilian international and inter-state trade flows: an exploratory analysis using the gravity model." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/264.

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Recent efforts toward a world with freer trade, like WTO/GATT or regional Preferential Trade Agreements(PTAs), were put in doubt after McCallum's(1995) finding of a large border effect between US and Canadian provinces. Since then, there has been a great amount of research on this topic employing the gravity equation. This dissertation has two goals. The first goal is to review comprehensively the recent literature about the gravity equation, including its usages, econometric specifications, and the efforts to provide it with microeconomic foundations. The second goal is the estimation of the Brazilian border effect (or 'home-bias trade puzzle') using inter-state and international trade flow data. It is used a pooled cross-section Tobit model. The lowest border effect estimated was 15, which implies that Brazilian states trade among themselves 15 times more than they trade with foreign countries. Further research using industry disaggregated data is needed to qualify the estimated border effect with respect to which part of that effect can be attributed to actual trade costs and which part is the outcome of the endogenous location problem of the firm.
Esforços recentes visando um comércio mundial mais livre, como OMC/GATT ou Acordos de Comércio Preferenciais regionais, foram postos em dúvida após McCallum(1995) ter encontrado um grande efeito de fronteira entre os Estados Unidos e o Canadá. Desde então, tem havido uma grande quantidade de pesquisa sobre esse assunto, empregando a equação gravitacional. Essa dissertação possui dois objetivos. O primeiro objetivo é revisar a literatura recente sobre a equação gravitacional, incluindo seus usos, especificações econométricas e os recentes esforços de prover fundamentos microeconômicos para ela. O segundo objetivo é a estimação do efeito de fronteira do Brasil utilizando dados de comércio entre os estados brasileiros e dentre estes e os demais países do mundo. Utilizou-se um modelo Tobit com dados cross-section empilhados pelo ano. O menor efeito de fronteira estimado foi de 15, que implica que os estados brasileiros comerciam 15 vezes mais entre eles do que entre eles e os demais países. Para descobrir que partes dos efeitos de fronteira estimados podem ser atribuídos aos verdadeiros custos de comércio e qual parte pode ser atribuída ao resultado da endogeneização do problema de localização da firma, é preciso que se realizem pesquisas
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Mebratu, Ashagrie Kefyalew. "Does religious similarity influence the direction of trade? : Evidence from US bilateral trade with other 168 countries." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-17478.

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Despite interest in the influence of religion on economic activity by early economists like Adam Smith, modern economists have done little research on the subject. In light of the apparent religious fervour in many parts of the global economy, economists' seeming lack of interest in studying how religious cultures enhance or retard the globalization of economic activity is especially surprising. In general, trade theories have given less weight towards the reason for trade explanation on demand side. As a contrary to H-O theory Linder had proposed a theoretically sound and empirically consistent trade theory with a new claim for the reasons why countries trade on the demand side. To fill this gap, I use international survey data on religiosity for a broad panel of countries trading with US to investigate the effects of church attendance and religious beliefs on trade. The beliefs are, in turn, the principal output of the religion sector, and the believer alignment to a specific denomination measures the inputs to this sector. Hence, I used an extended gravity model of international trade to control for a variety of factors that determine trade, and I used two regression methods, OLS and WLS, to exploit the model to its fullest. I find that the sharing of same religious cultures by people in different countries has a significantly positive influence on bilateral trade, all other things being equal. These results accord with a perspective in which religious beliefs influence individual traits that enhance trade and economic performance in general. And my attempt to magnify religion as a means to trade is only a derivation of Linder’s overlapping demand theory.
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Books on the topic "Gravity model of international trade"

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van Bergeijk, Peter A. G., and Steven Brakman, eds. The Gravity Model in International Trade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511762109.

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The gravity model in international trade: Advances and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Baldwin, Richard E. Gravity for dummies and dummies for gravity equations. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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E, Anderson James. Gravity with gravitas: A solution to the border puzzle. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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Gröschl, Jasmin Katrin. Gravity model applications and macroeconomic perspectives: Five empirical essays in international economics. München: Ifo-Institut, Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München e.V., 2013.

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Rose, Andrew. A gravity model of sovereign lending: Trade, default and credit. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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Smith, Christie. Currency unions and gravity models revisited. Wellington, N.Z: Reserve Bank of New Zealand, Economics Dept., 2002.

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Dalgin, Muhammed. Inequality, nonhomothetic preferences, and trade: A gravity approach. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Evenett, Simon J. On theories explaining the success of the gravity equation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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Deardorff, Alan V. Determinants of bilateral trade: Does gravity work in a neoclassical world? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gravity model of international trade"

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De Benedictis, Luca, and Daria Taglioni. "The Gravity Model in International Trade." In The Trade Impact of European Union Preferential Policies, 55–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16564-1_4.

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Li, Xin-tong, Fatemeh Mokhtarzadeh, and G. Cornelisvan Kooten. "Softwood lumber trade and trade restrictions: gravity model." In International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples, 142–73. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0142.

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Abstract A gravity trade model can be used to determine the effects of policy on bilateral trade flows. The gravity model is initially explained and then used to determine the effect that U.S. tariffs have on softwood lumber (SWL) imports from Canada, using information from the 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement. Quarterly data for seven Canadian and three U.S. regions for the period 2007-2017 are used to estimate a gravity model of SWL trade. The model is subsequently expanded to include Japan and China as separate regions, and then as a combined China-Japan region. The model is estimated using OLS and a Poisson Pseudo-Maximum-Likelihood method for trade quantity and value. Findings indicate that: (1) the imposition of a countervailing and/or anti-dumping duty usually has a negative effect on Canada's physical exports, but not in all cases; (2) the value of softwood lumber trade decreases by 26% on average under a tax/tariff compared with no duties; (3) the tax/tariff has a smaller but still significant impact on Canadian exports when China and Japan are included, as SWL exports are diverted from the U.S.; and, not surprisingly, (4) duties affect the value of lumber exports to a much greater extent than quantity.
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Li, Xin-tong, Fatemeh Mokhtarzadeh, and G. Cornelisvan Kooten. "Softwood lumber trade and trade restrictions: gravity model." In International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples, 142–73. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0007.

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Abstract A gravity trade model can be used to determine the effects of policy on bilateral trade flows. The gravity model is initially explained and then used to determine the effect that U.S. tariffs have on softwood lumber (SWL) imports from Canada, using information from the 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement. Quarterly data for seven Canadian and three U.S. regions for the period 2007-2017 are used to estimate a gravity model of SWL trade. The model is subsequently expanded to include Japan and China as separate regions, and then as a combined China-Japan region. The model is estimated using OLS and a Poisson Pseudo-Maximum-Likelihood method for trade quantity and value. Findings indicate that: (1) the imposition of a countervailing and/or anti-dumping duty usually has a negative effect on Canada's physical exports, but not in all cases; (2) the value of softwood lumber trade decreases by 26% on average under a tax/tariff compared with no duties; (3) the tax/tariff has a smaller but still significant impact on Canadian exports when China and Japan are included, as SWL exports are diverted from the U.S.; and, not surprisingly, (4) duties affect the value of lumber exports to a much greater extent than quantity.
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Baltagi, Badi H., Peter H. Egger, and Katharina Erhardt. "The Estimation of Gravity Models in International Trade." In Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Applied Econometrics, 323–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60783-2_11.

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Deguchi, Tsuyoshi, Hideki Takayasu, and Misako Takayasu. "Simulation of Gross Domestic Product in International Trade Networks: Linear Gravity Transportation Model." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Modeling and Simulation, plus Econophysics Colloquium 2014, 111–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20591-5_10.

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von Westernhagen, Natalja. "Comment on: The Baltic Sea Regional Integration and International Trade: A Gravity Model Approach." In Internationalization and Economic Policy Reforms in Transition Countries, 301–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-29047-8_19.

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Porto, Massimiliano. "The Gravity Model of Trade." In SpringerBriefs in Economics, 65–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34529-7_4.

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Mathur, Somesh K., Rahul Arora, Sarbjit Singh, and Amrita Roy. "Developments in International Trade Theory and Gravity Modelling." In Theorizing International Trade, 9–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1759-9_2.

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Mikić, Mia. "Ricardian Model and Extensions." In International Trade, 3–51. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26372-1_1.

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Mikić, Mia. "Heckscher—Ohlin—Samuelson Model." In International Trade, 52–130. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26372-1_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gravity model of international trade"

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Gencer, Ayşen Hiç. "Gravity Modeling of Turkey's International Trade under Globalization." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00425.

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Gravity modeling in international trade is developed by Tinbergen and Poyhonen in the 1960s, inspired by Newton's standard gravity formulation. This model suggests that the volume of trade between two countries is proportional to the product of their national income and inversely proportional to the distance between them. This study attempts to answer the question whether the gravity model is still valid for the case of Turkey today in the age of globalization and declining transportation costs due to improvements in logistics and technology. To this end, Turkey's imports as well as exports data with respect to all the countries of the world for the 16 years between 1993 and 2008 are analyzed. The results show that the gravity model, even in its basic form, is still powerful in explaining the trade volumes between Turkey and all other countries. In addition, the basic model is extended to analyze Turkey's trade with specific country groups such as the EU countries, the Islamic countries, the former Soviet Union countries, and the Central Asian countries. The analysis concludes that except for the Central Asian countries, Turkey's trade is not specialized with any particular country group. The 1995 Customs Union with the EU or any other step already taken towards full membership into the EU has not significantly increased Turkey's trade volume with the EU members over the amounts predicted by the basic version of the gravity model for any country pair of similar distance and GDP levels.
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Zhu, Hai-xia. "On Border Effect Gravity Model for Agricultural Trade." In 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2009.5300961.

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Ata, Sezai. "Turkey’s Trade with Neigbor Countries: A Gravity Model Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00773.

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With the ever-increasing level of integration in world economy, neighborhood relations become much more important for two-fold reasons. Firstly, neighbor countries are most important trade partners in general and secondly they form a bridge with the other countries. So, while good relations with neigbors have positive externalities for the trade with other countries, bad relations with neigbors mean reduced trade with other countries of a specific region. The main purpose of this study is to analyze Turkey's export potential with the neighbor countries with the help of the gravity model. For this purpose, first a gravity model has been set up using panel data which consists of bilateral data for 68 countries for the period 1980-2009, and then Turkey’s exports potential to 10 neigbor countries is analyzed. One important finding of the study is that Turkey’s exports to neighbor countries in general is below potential and there is a further room for increasing exports. While the short distance, one of the two most important indicator of trade in a gravity model (the other is GDP), is one of the main drivers of high trade among countries, its full effect depends on the geographical conditons of two countries. Our analysis shows that, high levels of untapped export potential exists for the majority of neighboring countries.
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Zhongxiu, Zhao, and Faiza Shahzad. "Trade Facilitation and Pakistan's Import: A Gravity Model Approach." In 2020 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Smart Grid (ICWCSG). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icwcsg50807.2020.00081.

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Ata, Sezai. "Turkey’s Export Potential: A Gravity Model Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00389.

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Given the high level of integration of the world economy, foreign trade has become very important for the development of a country. Even though Turkey exports goods and services to the majority of countries in each continent, until recently Turkey has basically focused on exports to developed European countries. The main purpose of this study is to analyze Turkey's export potential with the help of the gravity model. For this purpose, first a gravity model has been set up using panel data which consists of bilateral data for 68 countries for the period 1980-2009, and then Turkey’s exports potential to 67 countries, accounting for more than 90 percent of Turkey’s total exports, has been calculated. The most important finding of the study is that Turkey’s exports in general is below potential and there is a further room for increasing exports. In this context, according to our analysis, while Turkey’s export potential has been used up especially for developed European countries, high levels of untapped export potential exists for the majority of neighboring countries and for some of the developing countries. Another finding from this study is that trade between two countries increases proportional to their GDPs and decreases proportional to the distance between them. While the existence of features such as common language, contiguity, being parts of the same state in the past and using the same currency increases the trade between two countries, the effect of some variables on trade such as the real exchange rate depends on countries' level of development.
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Yang, Yong. "Analysis of the Influence of International Trade Flow Based on Trade Gravity Model and Statistics in as Evidence." In 2015 International Conference on Education Technology, Management and Humanities Science (ETMHS 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/etmhs-15.2015.272.

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Değer, Mustafa Kemal, Muharrem Akın Doğanay, and Osman Murat Telatar. "The Determinants of Turkey's Intra-Industry Trade with European Union Countries: The Gravity Model Results (1996-2013)." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01364.

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In recent years, structure of world trade is transformed to intra-industry trade (IIT) that is defined as the import and export of similar commodities. The transformation of foreign trade structure has led to increase either theoretical or empirical studies on IIT. A large part of the empirical studies on international trade deals with gravity model for explaining the determinants of foreign trade. According to gravity model, trade between countries, is affected negatively to the distance between them and positively to the size of the country. Similar statements can be used in terms of the determinants of IIT. Therefore, this study will be carried out determinants of IIT with using the gravity model. In this paper, determinants of intra-industry trade in manufacturing sectors between Turkey and European Union (EU) 15 countries will be estimated by panel data regression analysis in 1996-2013 periods. The results of this study indicate that market size and foreign direct investments have positive effects and distance between countries and real effective exchange rate have negative effects on Turkey’s manufacturing sector IIT with EU 15.
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Wang, Mingrong, Mingxi Wang, Liqiang Shi, and Bin Hu. "A Gravity Model of China's Agricultural Trade Balance: Empirical Tests." In 2013 Sixth International Conference on Business Intelligence and Financial Engineering (BIFE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bife.2013.23.

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Zhu, Haixia. "Study on border effects for shipping trade based on gravity model." In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5881602.

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Zhou Jian. "Based on gravity trade model and Linder Hypothesis: An empirical application to China-EU trade flows." In 2011 International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information (BMEI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbmei.2011.5920483.

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Reports on the topic "Gravity model of international trade"

1

Chaney, Thomas. The Gravity Equation in International Trade: An Explanation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19285.

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Camacho, Paulo. Portugal’s Integration in World Trade: A Gravity Model. DINÂMIA'CET-IUL, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7749/dinamiacet-iul.rp.2013.01.

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Rose, Andrew, and Mark Spiegel. A Gravity Model of Sovereign Lending: Trade, Default and Credit. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9285.

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Ajmani, Manmeet, Vishruta Choudhary, Avinash Kishore, and Devesh Roy. ASEAN, SAARC, and the indomitable China in food trade: A gravity model analysis of trade patterns. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133662.

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Atkeson, Andrew, and Ariel Burstein. Pricing-to-Market in a Ricardian Model of International Trade. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12861.

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Alvarez, Fernando, and Robert Lucas. General Equilibrium Analysis of the Eaton-Kortum Model of International Trade. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11764.

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Rauch, James, and Vitor Trindade. Neckties in the Tropics: A Model of International Trade and Cultural Diversity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11890.

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Kucheryavyy, Konstantin, Gary Lyn, and Andrés Rodríguez-Clare. Grounded by Gravity: A Well-Behaved Trade Model with Industry-Level Economies of Scale. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22484.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Food policy indicators: Tracking change: International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade IMPACT. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/1024320721.

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Avila-Montealegre, Oscar, and Carter Mix. Common Trade Exposure and Business Cycle Comovement. Banco de la República de Colombia, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1149.

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A large empirical literature has shown that countries that trade more with each other have more correlated business cycles. We show that previous estimates of this relationship are biased upward because they ignore common trade exposure to other countries. When we account for common trade exposure to foreign business cycles, we find that (1) the effect of bilateral trade on business cycle comovement falls by roughly 25 percent and (2) common exposure is a significant driver of business cycle comovement. A standard international real business cycle model is qualitatively consistent with these facts but fails to reproduce their magnitudes. Past studies have used models that allow for productivity shock transmission through trade to strengthen the relationship between trade and comovement. We find that productivity shock transmission increases business cycle comovement largely because of a country-pair's common trade exposure to other countries rather than because of bilateral trade. When we allow for stronger transmission between small open economies than other country-pairs, comovement increases both from bilateral trade and common exposure, similar to the data.
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