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Aronson, Gustav. "Grafik för smartphoneskärmar : Grafisk anpassning mellan plattformar." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-8473.
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Syftet med det här arbetet har varit att undersöka vilken skillnad av visuell igenkänningsbarhet och perception av 3d-spelgrafik, adapterad från en datorskärm till en mobiltelefonskärm, ger det att använda relativ omskalning och förenkling av objekt i en scen jämfört med att justera färg, silhuett och ljussättning. Undersökningen genomfördes genom att adaptera en 3d-modellerad scen till två olika versioner. En av versionerna av scenen modifierades genom relativ omskalning och förenkling av objekt enligt tidigare forskning inom närliggande område. Den andra versionen av scenen modifierades genom att justera färg, silhuett och ljussättning baserat på teoretiska grunder. Dessa två versioner av en scen jämfördes sedan mot varandra, och mot original scenen de var adapterade ifrån, i en undersökning. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av en kvalitativ undersökning i form utav semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet av undersökningen visar på viss skillnad i perceptionen av de olika versionerna. De olika adaptionsversionerna får grafiken att uppfattas olika, och påverkar observationsvänligheten av grafiken. Resultatet visar även på att dessa metoder inte gör grafiken lättare att uppfatta jämfört med original scenen.
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Delsol, Ebba, and Bellman Matilda Kurtson. "Att kommunicera varumärkesidentitet genom rörlig grafik." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121671.
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Denna studie syftar till att undersöka huruvida rörlig grafik är ett effektivt sätt att kommunicera företaget Prodeloxs varumärkesidentitet för en potentiell målgrupp. För att kunna uppfylla studiens syfte genomfördes en kvalitativ fallstudie. Ett teoriramverk berörande utformning av infografik, rörlig grafik och ett företags varumärkesidentitet togs först fram som en grund. Data samlades sedan in via kvalitativa intervjuer med anställda på Prodelox och en prototyp i form av rörlig grafik utformades med syfte att kommunicera företagets varumärkesidentitet. För att kunna dra slutsatser och jämföra huruvida den rörliga grafiken effektivt kommunicerade Prodelox varumärkesidentitet utformades även en prototyp på statisk grafik. Den rörliga grafiken och den statiska grafiken visades sedan för två fokusgrupper som diskuterade huruvida effektivt vardera grafik kommunicerade och ifall någon var mer lockande än den andra. Studien kom fram till att Prodeloxs varumärkesidentitet gick att gestaltas i rörlig grafik och att fler kommunikativa fördelar fanns med den rörliga grafiken i jämförelse med den statiska. Slutsatsen som drogs var att Prodelox kan använda sig att rörlig grafik för att effektivt kommunicera deras varumärkesidentitet till en potentiell målgrupp.
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Hammerth, Gustaf. "Grafik inom spelreklam : En studie om grafisk formgivning och dess påverkan på spelreklam." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15392.
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Under senare år har allt fler spelbolag och spelreklam dykt upp på den svenska marknaden. Detta har skapat en marknad med hög konkurrens där dessa bolag måste stå ut från varandra. En aspekt som oftast inte diskuteras inom spelreklam är påverkan som grafisk design har på betraktaren. Därmed hade detta arbete i syfta att undersöka ifall tematisk design inom spelreklam är mer marknadsförbar än konventionellt utformad design. Till studien användes kvalitativa intervjuer där tio stycken individer deltog. Resultatet av studien visade att tematisk design var att föredra hos respondenterna. Det fanns dock subjektiva faktorer när respondenterna bedömde artefakterna som eventuellt påverkat det slutgiltiga resultatet. Det fanns också könsmässiga skillnader i hur dessa informanter svarade som behöver forskas vidare om.
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Bittencourt, Luiz Fernando 1981. "Algoritmos para escalonamento de tarefas dependentes representadas por grafos acíclicos direcionados em grades computacionais." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275815.
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Orientador: Edmundo Roberto Mauro MadeiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T05:33:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bittencourt_LuizFernando_D.pdf: 2691554 bytes, checksum: b936bb837e62d8c4b7bacaeaae71e167 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Grades computacionais são sistemas distribuídos compartilhados potencialmente grandes compostos por recursos heterogêneos que são ligados através de uma rede com enlaces heterogêneos. Esses sistemas tornaram-se ambientes largamente difundidos para execução de tarefas que demandam grande capacidade de processamento. Por serem sistemas compartilhados, a submissão de tarefas nas grades é oriunda de diversos usuários independentemente, o que gera uma demanda concorrente pelos recursos computacionais que deve ser gerenciada pelo middleware da grade. O escalonador é o componente responsável por decidir de que forma a distribuição dessas tarefas será realizada, devendo tratar das peculiaridades desse ambiente, tais como a heterogeneidade e o comportamento dinâmico dos recursos que o compõem, com variações tanto em quantidade quanto em qualidade. A função objetivo mais comum encontrada no escalonamento de tarefas é a minimização do makespan, ou seja, o tempo de término das tarefas que estão sendo escalonadas. Dentre os possíveis tipos de tarefas executadas em grades podemos destacar as tarefas independentes, que executam sem comunicação entre si, e as tarefas dependentes, que possuem dependências de dados que geram precedências de execução e são frequentemente modeladas como grafos acíclicos direcionados (DAGs - do inglês directed acyclic graphs). Dentre as aplicações compostas por tarefas dependentes, os DAGs de e-Ciência se sobressaem pela complexidade e necessidade crescente de recursos computacionais. Adicionalmente, o problema de escalonamento de tarefas, em sua forma geral, é NP-Completo. Dessa forma, o estudo do escalonamento de DAGs em grades computacionais é importante para o aprimoramento da execução de aplicações científicas utilizadas em diversas áreas do conhecimento. Nesta tese apresentamos algoritmos para quatro tipos de problema relacionados ao escalonamento de DAGs em grades: escalonamento estático de DAGs, escalonamento dinâmico de DAGs, escalonamento bi-critério e escalonamento de múltiplos DAGs. Apresentamos avaliações do makespan gerado pelos algoritmos após o escalonamento inicial e após a execução das tarefas com carga externa simulada nos recursos
Abstract: Computational grids are potentially large distributed systems composed of heterogeneous resources connected by a network with heterogeneous links. These systems became largely used in the execution of tasks which require large processing capacities. Because they are shared systems, task submission in grids independently originate from a number of users, leading to a concurrent demand over the computational resources, which must be managed by the grid middleware. The scheduler is the component responsible for deciding how the distribution of such tasks will occur, and it must deal with peculiarities of this environment, such as the heterogeneity and dynamic behavior of the resources, with variations in both quality and quantity. The objective function usually adopted in task scheduling is makespan minimization, which means that the scheduler tries to minimize the finish time of the tasks being scheduled. Among the tasks executed in grids we can find independent tasks, which execute without communication among them, and dependent tasks, which have data dependencies that yield in precedence constraints and are frequently modeled as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). Among the applications composed of dependent tasks, e-Science DAGs are distinguished because of their complexity and increasing demand for computational resources. Additionally, the task scheduling problem, in its general form, is NP-Complete. Therefore, the study of scheduling of dependent tasks represented by directed acyclic graphs in computational grids is important to improve the execution of scientific applications in many areas of knowledge. In this thesis we present algorithms for four types of problems related to the DAG scheduling in grids: static scheduling of DAGs, dynamic scheduling of DAGs, bi-criteria scheduling, and scheduling of multiple DAGs. We present evaluations of the makespan generated by the algorithms after the initial scheduling and after the execution of the tasks with simulated external load in the resources
Doutorado
Sistemas de Computação
Doutor em Ciência da Computação
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Camargo, Pedro Veiga de. "Análise de um sistema de transporte ferroviário de granéis agrícolas através de uma abordagem integrada simulação-otimização." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-19012011-155335/.
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O transporte ferroviário é uma das mais eficientes formas para escoamento da safra brasileira de granéis agrícolas. Apesar disso, a malha ferroviária nacional, bem como a sua frota de veículos, não tem sido expandida no mesmo ritmo que a produção de grãos, impondo restrições de capacidade de transporte cada vez mais fortes nesse modal. Nesse contexto, é necessário que a ferrovia torne-se mais eficiente, de forma a suprir o seu crescimento deficitário com aumento de produtividade. Esse trabalho lança mão de uma abordagem mista simulação-otimização para realizar a análise de possíveis estratégias operacionais para um sistema de transporte ferroviário operando em ciclo fechado, abordagem que se mostrou bastante adequada à representação de sistemas ferroviários do tipo considerado neste trabalho. É apresentado um modelo de simulação estocástica implementado em linguagem de programação dentro do qual foram testadas diversas regras de decisão baseadas em figuras de mérito diversas, algumas das quais apresentando resultados bastante promissores para testes práticos.Railway transportation is one of the most efficient means used to carry the Brazilian grain production to export ports. However, grain production has grown at a faster rate than the railway infrastructure, leading to several operational restrictions for this transportation mode. Therefore it is expected from the railway operators an increase in their efficiency to supplement their lack of capacity. This research presents a discussion of some strategies that could be used for a grain rail transportation system operating in a closed loop, which was modeled as an simulation-optimization type of model, which revealed itself a very suitable approach when modeling this type of transportation system. This dissertation describes the simulation model developed to characterize the system, the prioritization rules that were incorporated into the model, as well as some very promising results.
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Simpson, John Alexander. "Myasthenia gravis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27395.
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The thesis is 72 publications describing the author's hypothesis of an autoimmune basis for myasthenia gravis (MG) and its validation. At the time of the first 24 papers many considered that MG was a syndrome rather than a disease entity, due to a biochemical disorder of the neuromuscular junction. Favoured models were a circulating 'curare-like' substance released from the thymus gland, or a pre-junctional abnormality, possibly causing release of small quanta of acetylcholine at the motor nerve terminals. Endplate receptor substance was speculative. The immunological role of the thymus was unknown and autoimmunity was a new concept in medicine. The therapeutic value of thymectomy was controversial. The controversy about thymectomy was resolved (papers 2,3) by re-analysing data separately for patients with a thymona and the conclusions have proved definitive. Papers based on the cases reviewed in that survey led to an autoimmune hypothesis with a thymic disorder causing production of antibodies with loss of tolerance to self-tissue, mainly but not exclusively at the motor endplates of muscle. The first recognition of many associated diseases and a re-interpretation of the relationship with thyroid disorders are described, with the first evidence for a genetic predilection with alternative expression. During the 35 years of this work the distinct nature of 'carcinomatous' myasthenia has been identified, and the non-immunological congenital myasthenias defined by other workers.
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Carneiro, Sandra Cristiana Rodrigues. "Fisiopatologia e tratamento da miastenia gravis: atualidade e perspetivas futuras." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/1108.
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A Miastenia Gravis é a doença autoimune da junção neuromuscular mais comum. Deve-se, maioritariamente, à produção de AC contra os recetores da acetilcolina pós-sinápticos, ou contra a tirosina quinase músculo-específica, que provocam alterações morfológicas e/ou fisiológicas da junção neuromuscular.
Do ponto de vista imunopatogénico, consiste num processo autoimune, dependente de células T, mediado por linfócitos B produtores de auto-AC. O timo parece estar implicado na perda de tolerância aos auto-antigénios, com consequente desenvolvimento da autoimunidade, mas muitos aspetos da patogénese desta doença continuam por decifrar.
Atualmente, várias opções terapêuticas estão disponíveis: timectomia, corticosteroides, imunossupressores, plasmaferese, imunoglobulina intravenosa e imunoadsorção. Contudo, o perfil de efeitos adversos fica aquém do desejado, e nem todos os pacientes respondem ao tratamento atual.
O conhecimento cada vez mais detalhado da fisiopatologia e das bases moleculares da imunopatogénese da miastenia gravis tem permitido o desenvolvimento de tratamentos experimentais cada vez mais específicos. As novas modalidades terapêuticas atuam, nomeadamente, por inibição de certas citocinas, inibição do sistema complemento, manipulação de células dendríticas, indução de tolerância por via oral ou nasal, imunoadsorção antigénio-específica, modulação da acetilcolinesterase e bloqueio dos AChR por AC não patogénicos.
A investigação avança na tentativa de se encontrar uma solução eficaz, segura, com um perfil de efeitos adversos favorável, que corrija especificamente as alterações imunitárias causadoras da doença, sem comprometer o restante sistema imunitário.Myasthenia Gravis is the most common autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction. It is due mostly to the production of antibodies against postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors or against the muscle-specific tyrosine kinase, which cause morphological and/or physiological changes in neuromuscular junction. Immunopathogenically, is a T cell dependent autoimmune process, mediated by B lymphocytes producing self-antibodies. The thymus seems to be implicated in the loss of tolerance to self-antigens, with subsequent development of autoimmunity, but many aspects of the pathogenesis of this disease remain to be deciphered. Currently, several therapeutic options are available: thymectomy, corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants, plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin, immunoadsorption, and thymectomy. However, the adverse event profile falls short, and not all patients respond to current treatment. The increasingly detailed knowledge of the pathophysiology and molecular basis of the immunopathogenesis of MG has allowed experimental treatments becoming more specific. New therapeutic modalities act in particular by inhibition of certain cytokines, inhibiting the complement system, handling of dendritic cells, induction of oral or nasal tolerance, antigenspecific immunoadsorption, acetylcholinesterase modulation and acetylcholine receptor blocking by non-pathogenic antibodies. The research progresses in an attempt to find an effective, safe treatment, with a favorable adverse event profile, specifically to correct disease-causing immune changes without compromising the rest of the immune system.
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Garcia, Letona Marco Roberto, Larrea Carlos Alonso Castillo, Cullanco Mónica Isabel( Gonzales, Miranda Naysha Lucya Hueda, and Jiménez Nathaly Marissel Martínez. "Proyecto Qhali Premezcla." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652794.
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El consumo de los granos andinos en nuestro país ha ido en aumento conforme se han dado a conocer sus propiedades nutritivas. Para el año 2019 el MINAGRI publicó que el consumo de granos andinos en el Perú alcanzó el 2.3 kilogramos per cápita, sin embargo, la meta es alcanzar una cifra superior por eso se debe tener en cuenta que no todas las personas tienen el conocimiento de sus beneficios nutricionales y la importancia de su consumo. Por ello en el país actualmente se fomentan las actividades como el “Mes de la Agricultura” o el “Día Nacional de los Granos Andinos” con el objetivo de impulsar su consumo cada año.
Atendiendo a esta necesidad, se crea Qhali, una premezcla de los principales granos andinos del Perú. La propuesta de valor que ofrece Qhali a sus consumidores se manifiesta en un sabor avellanado, de fácil preparación, compuesto principalmente por quinua y avena, y sin ningún aditivo artificial. Por otro lado, su consumo no resulta nocivo para la salud, ya que sus principales ingredientes contienen altos componentes nutricionales.
El público objetivo está compuesto por los padres de familia de los sectores socioeconómicos A y B de las zonas 6 y 7 de Lima Metropolitana que buscan mejorar la alimentación de sus hijos de una forma creativa en la presentación de estas. Asimismo, va dirigido al público en general. Los canales por los cuales Qhali se acercará a su público son: redes sociales, venta directa y delivery.The consumption of Andean grains in our country has been increasing as its nutritional properties have been revealed. For 2019, The peruvian Department of Agriculture (MINAGRI) published that the consumption of Andean grains in Peru reached 2.3 kilograms per capita. However, the goal is to reach a higher number, we must understand that not all people have knowledge of their nutritional benefits and the importance of its consumption. For this reason, yearly activities such as "Agriculture Month" or "National Day of Andean Grains" are currently being promoted in the country with the aim of promoting their consumption each year. In response to this need, we have created Qhali, a premix of the main Andean grains of Peru. The value proposition that Qhali offers to its consumers is hazelnut flavor, easy to prepare, composed mainly of quinoa and oats, and without any artificial additives. On the other hand, its consumption is not harmful to health, since its main ingredients contain high nutritional components. Our target audience are parents from socioeconomic sectors A and B of zones 6 and 7 of Lima who seek to improve the nutrition of their children in a creative way in their presentation. It is also aimed at the general public and the channels through which Qhali will reach its audience are: social networks, direct sales and delivery.
Trabajo de investigación
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Eriksson, Per. "Deco Retro : Designprocessen för att skapa ett varumärke." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19157.
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Denna rapport redogör för skapandet av varumärket Deco Retro. Samt den tillhörandedesignprocessen för att skapa en visuell identitet och profil för varumärket. VarumärketDeco Retro togs fram som ett undervarumärke till Kitsch Sweden AB som behövde ettvarumärke som passade deras nuvarande och framtida produkter. Deco Retro ska bidra meden stärkt identitet och värde för de produkter som ska säljas under varumärket. Designarbetetkring varumärket strävade framförallt efter att kommunicera den idé, identitet och de värdensom under projektet tagits fram för varumärket, samtidigt som det ska ha bidragit med enestetiskt tilltalande grafisk design. Resultatet av denna rapporten blev ett genomarbetatvarumärke med tillhörande visuell identitet, profil och flera tillhörande artefakter, redo attimplementeras.This report describes the creative work to create the brand Deco Retro. Together with therelated design process to create a visual identity and profile for the brand. Deco Retro wascreated as a sub-brand to Kitsch Sweden AB whom needed a brand more fitting their currentand future line of products. Deco Retro was created to contribute with a stronger identity andadded value to the products which sells under the brand. The design work surrounding thebrand was first and foremost trying to communicate the idea, identity and value which hasbeen developed for the brand during this project. The design is also supposed to have addedaesthetically appealing grafic design. The result of this report is a worked through brandwith related visual identity, profil and numerous related artefacts, ready to get implemented.
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Verschuuren, Johannes Justus Gerard Maria. "Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis." Maastricht : Maastricht : Datawyse ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1989. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5471.
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Bagci, Sinan. "Quellcode-Navigation in Gravis." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11730058.
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Schaffert, Hanne. "Immunpathogenese der Myasthenia gravis." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17213.
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Die Myasthenia Gravis (MG) ist ein Prototyp einer Antikörper-vermittelte Autoimmunerkrankung. Die Autoantikörper richten sich hauptsächlich gegen den Acetylcholinrezeptor (AChR). Welche Bedeutung TH17-Zellen für die Pathogenese der MG haben, konnte bisher noch nie direkt gezeigt werden. Mithilfe des Tiermodells Experimentelle Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis (EAMG) sollte die Rolle der TH17-Zellen im Rahmen dieser Arbeit analysiert werden. Eine signifikante Anzahl tAChR-spezifischer CD4+ T-Zellen, die IL17 exprimieren, konnte nach der Immunisierung mit torpedo AChR in CFA in Wildtyp-Mäusen (WT) beobachtet werden. Die IL17ko Mäuse entwickelten weniger oder keine EAMG Symptome, obwohl weder die Frequenz tAChR-spezifischer CD4+ T-Zellen, die IL2, IFNgamma oder IL21 sezernierten noch der prozentuale Anteil der FoxP3+ Treg-Zellen einen Unterschied aufwiesen. Im Gegensatz dazu waren die Level pathogener anti-muriner AChR Antikörper statistisch geringer in IL17ko Mäusen, während bei anti-tAChR Antikörpertitern kein Unterschied festzustellen war. Ähnliche Resultate erbrachten TCRbeta/delta ko Mäuse rekonstituiert mit entweder WT oder IL17ko CD4+ T-Zellen. Die Depletion von Treg-Zellen mithilfe von DEREG Mäusen in der frühen Erkrankungsphase zeigte keine signifikanten Unterschiede bezüglich der analysierten Parameter. Zusammenfassend lässt sich hier festhalten, dass die Frequenz und Differenzierung Antigen-spezifischer CD4+ T-Zellen sowie der Antikörpertiter gegen den tAChR nicht durch die IL17-Defizienz im EAMG Modell beeinflusst wird. Auch hat eine frühe Treg-Zell-Depletion keinen Einfluß auf die Erkrankungsstärke. Allerdings scheint das Durchbrechen der B-Zell Toleranz, das zur Produktion von pathogenen Anti-mAChR-spezifischen Antikörpern und somit zu einer Induktion der Erkrankung führt, abhängig von IL17-produzierenden CD4+ T-Zellen zu sein. Der Einsatz von Anti-IL17-Antikörpern könnte insofern auch für die MG eine Therapieoption darstellen.Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease. The autoantibodies are directed against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The importance TH17 cells have for MG pathogenesis has never been directly demonstrated. Therefore, the analysis of TH17 cells in the Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis (EAMG) animal model was the aim of this work. Here, it is shown that in wildtype mice (WT) significant numbers of IL17-producing tAChR-specific CD4+ T cells could be observed after immunization with torpedo AChR in CFA. IL17ko mice developed less or no EAMG symptoms, although frequencies of tAChR-specific CD4+T cells secreting IL2, IFNgamma or IL21 as well as percentage of FoxP3+ Treg cells were similar. In contrast, pathogenic anti-murine AChR antibody levels were significantly lower in IL17ko mice, while anti-tAChR antibody levels were equal. Similar results were obtained by the reconstitution of TCR beta/delta ko mice with CD4+ T cells of either WT or IL17ko origin. For the depletion of Treg cells using DEREG mice in the initial phase of the disease no significant differences could be detected in terms of the analyzed parameters. In summary, this thesis demonstrates, that frequencies and differentiation of antigen specific CD4+ T cells as well as the level of anti-tAChR specific antibody titers are not affected by IL17-deficiency in the EAMG model. Likewise, an early Treg cell depletion seems to have no impact on disease severity. However, breaking of B cell tolerance resulting in pathogenic anti-murine AChR specific antibodies and subsequent disease induction, seems to be dependent on IL17 producing CD4+ T cells. In this respect, the application of anti-IL17 antibodies could also become a MG therapy option.
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Lidén, Fanny, and Emma Nilsson. "Cellprov - En gratis livförsäkring." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167191.
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Idag kallas alla kvinnor i Sverige i åldrarna 23-64, regelbundet till cellprovtagning med syfte att i tidigt skede upptäcka och behandla cellförändringar som annars riskerar att leda till livmoderhalscancer. Trots att cellprovtagning är den viktigaste faktorn i förebyggandet av livmoderhalscancer uteblir ungefär 17% från de kontroller som erbjuds alla vuxna kvinnor i Sverige. Målet med denna forskningsrapport är därför att uppmuntra kvinnor mellan främst 19-30 år till att genomföra cellprovtagningen. Den här studien undersöker därmed hur man kan öka kunskapen kring cellprovtagning samt hur positiva associationer till cellprovtagning kan skapas genom informationsgrafik. Genom en webbenkät och textanalys av den befintliga kallelsen, kartlades informationsbehovet hos målgruppen. Detta formulerades i ett antal informationsmål och låg sedan till grund för innehållet i infografiken. Med hjälp av teorier kring kognition, komposition och gestaltning utformades sedan innehållet. Dessa teorier stärktes även genom tre grafikanalyser för att belysa styrkor och svagheter. I gestaltningen togs tre koncept fram, som testades av en fokusgrupp för att sedan ta fram ett slutgiltigt koncept. Där kom vi fram till att en kombination av de tre koncepten var att föredra. Efter en slutlig värdering i form av en webbenkät, kunde vi konstatera ett antal aspekter som börs ha i beaktande för att utforma informationsgrafik av cellprovtagning, i syfte att öka kunskap samt skapa positiva associationer.Today, all women in Sweden between the ages of 23 and 64 are regularly invited for a gynecological pap test. The purpose is to detect and treat cell changes at an early stage that otherwise could lead to cervical cancer. Although pap tests is the most important factor in the prevention of cervical cancer, approximately 17% fail to attend the controls offered to all adult women in Sweden. The aim of this report is therefore to encourage women between the ages of 19-30 to go through with their pap tests. This study thus examines how to increase knowledge about pap tests and how positive associations to pap test can be created through information graphics. Through a web survey and a text analysis of the existing invitation letter, the needs of the target group were mapped. This was formulated in a number of information objectives and then formed the basis for the content of the infographic. The content was then developed using theories of cognition, composition and design. These theories were also reinforced with three graphic analyzes to highlight strengths and weaknesses. In the design process, three concepts were developed, which were tested by a focus group and then produced a definitive concept. There we found that a combination of the three concepts was preferable. After a final evaluation in the form of a web survey, we found a number of aspects that should be taken into consideration for designing information graphics of pap tests, in order to increase knowledge and create positive associations.
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Kaufman, Robin L. "Immunoregulation in myasthenia gravis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30683.
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Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular transmission. Clinically, the disease is manifested by abnormal muscle fatigue with recovery on resting. Circulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antibodies (nAchR Ab) are highly characteristic of myasthenia gravis. These antibodies have been shown to be directly pathogenic at the muscle endplate and are responsible for impaired neuromuscular transmission through several mechanisms.
While it is clear that the immune system does not function normally in MG, the mechanisms by which the response to nAchR is initiated and perpetuated remain unknown. Moreover, it is not clear whether immunoregulatory defects actually precede development of MG or are secondary features of the disease. The overall goal of the present investigation has been to more clearly define the nature of the immune regulatory defects existing in MG, both at the cellular level and in terms of possible relationship to disease progression.
To begin these studies it was necessary to develop an assay that could be used to measure nAchR Ab secreted by lymphocytes in culture. Thus, we modified the original nAchR Ab immunoassay described by Lindstrom (1976) for this purpose. Additionally, in order to gain access to an appropriate patient base for our study, we established a further modification with improved sensitivity for detection of serum nAchR Ab. This important diagnostic test had not been available in this country. Therefore, our assay was made available in Canada for clinical purposes.
Through the study of in vitro nAchR Ab and polyclonal IgG secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC), we were able to identify two previously unrecognized subgroups of seropositive, generalized MG patients. PBMNC from patients with long disease duration had low capacity for in vitro Ab production (Nonsecretors). Among patients of short disease duration, PBMNC produced nAchR Ab and also secreted higher than normal levels of polyclonal IgG (Secretors). The data suggested that there were nonspecific abnormalities affecting the immune response in myasthenia gravis. Moreover, regulation of B lymphocyte mediated immune function appeared to be related to disease progression.
It was hypothesized that circulating auto-antibody may contribute to deregulation of the immune response at certain stages of disease through direct interactions with leukocyte determinants. Separation/reconstitution experiments with CD4+ enriched, T-helper/inducer lymphocytes and B enriched (E- cells) lymphocytes suggested that the control of antibody production in myasthenia gravis was operative at the T-helper/inducer level. Preliminary studies with serum pretreated, CD4+ enriched, T-helper/inducer lymphocytes suggested that serum of Secretor MG patients indeed contained a factor(s) which interfered with the function of a CD4+ lymphocyte subset.
We further hypothesized that nAchR Ab would have the potential to behave as anti-lymphocyte Ab if nAchR were expressed on lymphocytes. Accordingly, direct binding studies, using the nicotinic antagonist, alpha-bungarotoxin, were carried out to look for such receptors on PBMNC. Specific, saturable binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to the rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, TE671, was confirmed and characterized. However, in parallel studies, alpha-bungarotoxin binding to PBMNC of healthy individuals or MG patients was not detected. These results suggested that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, of the type expressed by muscle endplate, do not occur on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Medicine, Faculty of
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of
Graduate
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Bisikirskaitė, Helena. "Kai kurios briauninių grafų savybės." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050620_125248-43806.
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Die Graphenwissennschaft vervendet man bei praktischem Bedarf in mehreren Gebieten der Wissenschaft (zum Beispiel: in der Chemie, in der Biologie, in der in der Psychologie, in der Informatik). Die Graphen vereinfachen viele kompliezierte Schemen, Probleme. Die Graphentheorie wird in der Schulmathematik bei der Kombinationslehre (die Baumgraphe, doppel Graph) benutzt. In der Diplomarbeit werden wichtige Arte und Eigenschaften der Gfaph verallgemeinert. Es wurde bewiesen: 1. Jeder vollständige Graph besitzt Verbindungen und der Graph ist gleichmäβig mit dem Grad r=p-1. 2. Jedem (p,q)-Graph und beliebigem v gehört der Menge V regelgerechte Ungleichheit 0≤deg v ≤p-1. 3. Wenn p≠8, dann G – kanten Graph Kp dann: 1) G hat Scheitel; 2) G – regelgerecht Graph mit Grad 2(p-2). 4. Jeden Naturzahlen m,n und vollständigem doppel Graph Km,n ist solche Gleichheit Km,n = regelgerecht. 5. Wenn m≠4 und n≠4, dann ist vollständiger doppel Graph Km,n kanten Graph L(Km,n): 1) hat Scheitel; 2) ist regelgerecht Graph mit Grad r=m+n-2.
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Shi, Fu-Dong. "Immunopathogenesis and nasal tolerance in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19980525shi.
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VILQUIN, JEAN-THOMAS. "Contribution a la comprehension, au traitement et au diagnostic de la myasthenia gravis." Strasbourg 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR15067.
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McConville, John Paul. "Autoantibodies in seronegative myasthenia gravis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400295.
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Festi, Florian. "Einbindung einer Skriptsprache für Gravis." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11051854.
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Folbert, Björn, Magnus Persson, and Henrik Svensson. "peer2peer : hur dyrt är gratis?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik och datavetenskap, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2764.
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Detta arbete behandlar de tilläggsprogram som, på senaste tid, börjat spridas med bland annat peer2peerverktyg. Dessa tilläggsprogram, som brukar benämnas spyware alternativt adware, misstänks för att samla in personlig information, så som e-mailadresser och lösenord. Det föreligger en risk att informationen sedan säljs vidare eller används för att exempelvis rikta reklam...bjorn@folbert.com, magnus@student.nu, svensson@ny.com
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Fonseca, Thiago Silveira da. "Grafos e emparelhamento em grafos." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/19940.
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Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2018-06-05T13:32:44Z
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Pesquisa desenvolvida a partir das noções sobre grafos, grafos eulerianos, árvores, emparelhamentos em grafos, grafos planares e coloração. Foram abordados alguns dos principais teoremas e lemas, bem como imagens e exemplos para facilitar a leitura. Conclusão da pesquisa com o relato das aulas práticas sobre grafos.
The research was developed based on the notion about graphs, eulerian graphs, trees, matchings in graphs, planar graphs and coloring. Some of the main theorems and lemmas were discussed, as well as images and examples to facilitate reading. The conclusion of the research with the report of the practical classes about graphs.
Sem lattes e agência de fomento.
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Hall, Geoffrey Earle. "Berry shrivel physiological, compositional and anatomical consequences affecting berry development in Vitis vinifera L. /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/G_Hall_042310.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in horticulture)--Washington State University, May 2010.Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 7, 2010). "Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture." Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-119).
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Carvalho, Nise de Brito. "Influência da terapêutica sobre a qualidade de vida do paciente com miastenia gravis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-01112006-094252/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A Miastenia gravis (MG) é uma desordem imunológica com antígenos alvos conhecidos, com produção de anticorpos contra o receptor nicotínico de acetilcolina, AAChR e Musk, na junção neuromuscular, dificultando a transmissão do impulso nervoso e provocando fadiga e fraqueza flutuantes na musculatura ocular, facial, dos membros e respiratória. A terapêutica sintomática com inibidores de acetilcolinesterase e a etiopatogênica como a timectomia, corticosteróides, agentes citostásticos e imunoglobulinas são utilizadas e indicadas em acordo com a incapacidade e gravidade clínicas. A qualidade de vida (QV) é uma ferramenta utilizada para quantificar a eficácia e a resposta às terapêuticas adotadas, avaliar a efetividade e custos econômicos de novas estratégias terapêuticas, contribuir para planejar e aplicar os recursos para a saúde na comunidade. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da terapêutica na QV e evolução clínica dos pacientes com MG. CASUÍSTICA: Foram avaliados 51 pacientes com MG, 38 submetidos a tratamento conservador e 13 timectomizados. MÉTODOS: Os instrumentos genéricos quantitativos de QV como WHOQOL, qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) SF-36, e depressão (BDI) foram utilizados. ESTATÍSTICA: Empregou-se análise univariada com os testes de Wilcoxon, U-Mann-Whitney, Fisher e razão de chance para avaliar a evolução clínica, a QV e QVRS e depressão; análise multivariada para a caracterização dos dois grupos de terapêutica considerando a interação de múltiplos fatores. RESULTADOS: O grupo submetido à terapêutica conservadora foi constituído por 16 pacientes do sexo masculino e 22 do feminino, com média de idade de 33,71±2,76 anos; o grupo timectomizado foi constituído por 6 homens e 7 mulheres, média de idade de 32,23±4,16 anos. Os pacientes do grupo conservador apresentaram melhora clínica estatisticamente significante (p <0,05) dos aspectos clínicos, da QV, da QVRS e depressão. Os timectomizados apresentaram melhora estatisticamente significante dos aspectos físicos e psicológicos da QV e QVRS e depressão, e melhora clínica evidente e não significante (p = 0,06). A análise multivariável mostrou r=0,65 para comparação das áreas; Wilks? Lambda para analisar as distâncias, X2 = 22,67; gl = 7; p = 0,05; as medidas centrais mostraram média = -0,42 dp = 1,0 para o grupo conservador; e média = 1,22, dp = 1,0 para o grupo timectomizado. CONCLUSÕES: Nesta amostra e no período avaliado constatamos que: 1) Os pacientes submetidos ao tratamento conservador apresentaram diferenças significantes com melhora clínica acentuada, de QV, de QVRS e depressão; 2) os timectomizados apresentaram melhora clínica, da QV e QVRS em seus aspectos físicos e psicológicos, e efetiva e significante melhora dos índices de depressão; 3) a análise multivariada revelou que a timectomia produziu efeito benéfico e significativo na recuperação da saúde e bem estar nos pacientes.INTRODUCTION: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an immune mediated disease with production of antibodies against post-synaptic acetylcholine receptor of neuromuscular junctions (AAChR,Musk) and orders in nervous impulse transmission. The disease´s clinical characteristics include fatigability and fluctuating weakness of voluntary muscles. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, thymectomy, corticosteroids, cytostatic agents and immunoglobulin are widely used and are indicated according to the patient´s disability and severity. Clinical manifestations, Quality of life (Qol), health-related (HRQol) analysis are used to evaluate response to therapy. Nowadays, Qol index is an important tool to evaluate the medical outcome, treatment efficacy, cost effectiveness and net benefit of new therapeutic strategies to determine whether their cost can be justified in the planning and application of health policies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of conservative treatment and thymectomy on Qol and clinical response of myasthenic patients. SUBJECTS: Fifty-one myasthenic patients were chosen; 38 were submitted to conservative therapy and 13 to thymectomy. METHODS: Quantitative Qol tools such as WHOQOL, SF-36 and BDI were employed to evaluate Qol, HRQol and depression. STATISTICS: Univariate analysis by means of the Wilcoxon, U-Mann Whitney and Fisher tests, Chi-Square, odd ratio were used to follow the patient?s clinical status, evolution of Qol, HRQol and depression. Discriminant analysis was used to analyze the interation of multiple factors in the characterization of conservative and thymectomized groups. RESULTS: The conservative group of patients was constituted of 16 males and 22 females average age 33.71±2.76 years; the thymectomized group was composed of 6 males, 7 females, average age 32.23±4.16 years. Patients submitted to conservative therapy improved significantly in clinical progress, Qol, HRQol and depression. The follow-up of thymectomized patients showed a strong trend for clinical progress and significant improvement in physical and psychological Qol domains as well as in depression index. Discriminant analysis showed r = 0.65, p <0.05; Wilk?s Lambda X2 = 22.67, gl = 7; mean = -0.42, SD = 1.0 for conservative group; and mean = 1.22, SD = 1.0 for timectomized group. CONCLUSIONS: A prospective evaluation of a myasthenic patients sample revealed: 1) conservative treatment was found to have a strong and significant impact on clinical progress, Qol, HRQol and depression; 2) Thymectomy partly influenced Qol, specially physical and psychological aspects. There was also improvement in depression and clinical progress; 3) the evaluation of multiple parameters pointed to a strong and positive influence of thymectomy in the recovery of the patients.
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Reis, Tarcísio Albertin dos. "Efetividade da plasmaférese no pré-operatório de timectomia em pacientes com miastenia gravis - revisão sistemática e metanálise." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154816.
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Objetivo: avaliar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, a efetividade da plasmaférese no pré-operatório de timectomia em pacientes com miastenia gravis (MG). Métodos: Foram pesquisadas as bases Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus e Central para busca de estudos experimentais e observacionais que avaliaram a plasmaférese no pré-operatório de timectomia em pacientes com MG. Grupo com plasmaférese (PPG) e grupo sem plasmaférese (NPPG). Os desfechos avaliados foram: crise miastênica, mortalidade, pneumonia, sangramento, uso de ventilação mecânica, tempo de permanência hospitalar e em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Utilizou-se para metanálise o software RevMan 5.3 fornecido pela Colaboração Cochrane. Resultados: O número total de pacientes avaliados em seis estudos selecionados foi de 323 (143 PPG e 180 NPPG). A plasmaférese pré-operatória não diminuiu a crise miastênica (RR 0,36, IC 95% 0,08 a 1,66; I2 = 44%; 5 estudos, 243 pacientes). Também não houve alteração na mortalidade (RR 0,7, IC 95% 0,11 a 4,62; I² = 0%; 3 estudos, 172 pacientes) ou taxa de pneumonia (RR 0,28, IC 95% 0,07 a 1,09; I2 = 27%; 5 estudos, 272 pacientes). Os pacientes do grupo NPPG sangraram menos em comparação com o grupo PPG (diferença média 34,34 ml, IC 95% 24,93 a 43,75; I² = 0%). Foi avaliada a necessidade de ventilação mecânica em três estudos (213 pacientes) e a permanência hospitalar e em UTI em dois (121 pacientes), que não foram adequados para realizar a metanálise devido à alta heterogeneidade nesses desfechos. A análise dos subgrupos mostrou que a realização da plasmaférese no pré-operatório de pacientes com doença grave (Osserman III e IV) diminuiu a crise miastênica no pós-operatório (RR 0,12, IC 95% 0,02 a 0,65; I² = 63%). Conclusão: A plasmaférese pode reduzir as crises miastênicas pós-operatória em pacientes com doença grave (Osserman III e IV), mas pode produzir pouca ou nenhuma diferença em pacientes com doença de expressão clínica leve (Osserman II).
Objective: to evaluate, through a systematic review, the efficacy of plasmapheresis in the preoperative thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus and Central databases were searched for experimental and observational studies that evaluated plasmapheresis in the preoperative period of thymectomy in MG patients. Plasmapheresis group (PPG) and without plasmapheresis group (NPPG). The outcomes evaluated were: myasthenic crisis, mortality, pneumonia, bleeding, use of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. The RevMan 5.3 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration was used for meta-analysis. Results: The total number of patients evaluated in six included studies was 323 (143 PPG and 180 NPPG). Preoperative plasmapheresis did not decrease the myasthenic crisis (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.66, I2 = 44 %; 5 studies, 243 patients). There was also no change in mortality (RR 0.7, 95% CI 0.11 to 4.62, I² = 0%; 3 studies, 172 patients) or pneumonia (RR 0.28, 95% CI 07 to 1.09, I2 = 27%; 5 studies 272 patients). Patients in the NPPG group bleed less in comparison to the PPG group (mean difference 34.34 ml, 95% CI 24.93 to 43.75, I² = 0%). We evaluated the need for mechanical ventilation in three studies (213 patients) and hospital and ICU stay evaluated in two studies (121 patients), but they were not adequate to perform the meta-analysis due to the high heterogeneity among these outcomes. Subgroup analysis showed that the preoperative plasmapheresis performed in patients with severe disease (Osserman III and IV) decreased the myasthenic crisis postoperatively (RR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.65, I² = 63 %). Conclusion: Plasmapheresis may reduce postoperative myasthenic crisis in patients with severe disease (Osserman III and IV), but may produce little or no difference in patients with mild clinical expression disease (Osserman II).
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Lohikoski, Håkansson Laura, and Elin Rudén. "Optimization of 3D Game Models : A qualitative research study in Unreal Development Kit." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-22822.
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Our goal with this study is to examine how much optimization of 3D game models can affect the overall performance of a game. After a previous pilot study we decided on use a method where we worked with a 3D scene which was made earlier unconnected to this study. We created two versions of the scene in Unreal Development Kit, one with none of the meshes optimized and the second scene where the meshes are optimized. From these two scenes we wrote down the different stats: the draw calls, frame rate, millisecond per frame and visible static mesh elements as well as the memory usage. Comparing these stats from the two scenes, we found that there was a change in the stats. Draw calls and frame rate had dropped in the second scene, as well as the memory usage which made the game run more smoothly without losing much of its aesthetic quality.Målet med vår studie var att se hur stor skillnad optimering av 3D-modeller i spel gör för att förbättra spelprestandan. Efter att ha utfört en pilotstudie beslutade vi oss för att använda en tidigare byggd 3D-scen för undersökningen i vår C-uppsats. Vi skapade två versioner av scenen i Unreal Development Kit, en där inga modeller var optimerade och den andra där vi optimerat modellerna. Vi skrev därefter ner statistik från de olika scenerna, nämligen draw calls, frame rate, millisecond per frame och visible static mesh elements liksom minnesanvändning. Efter att ha jämfört resultaten såg vi att det fanns en väsentlig skillnad mellan scenerna prestandamässigt. Både draw calls, frame rate och minnesanvändningen hade minskat efter optimeringen vilket ledde till att spelet kördes smidigare.
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Álvarez, Elías Ana Fabiola, Sandoval Maritza Benites, Gonzales Luis Enrique Flores, and Farfán Eugenia Mercedes Mont. "Plan de negocios de una empresa comercializadora de granos andinos para el segmento NSE C de Lima Metropolitana." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656742.
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El presente plan de negocios busca evaluar la factibilidad para la creación de una empresa comercializadora de granos andinos convencionales, principalmente quinua, kiwicha, tarwi y cañihua, los cuales ingresarán al mercado con la marca “Grandino”, para lo cual se realizó el análisis del macro y microentorno para evaluar las condiciones, la oportunidad del negocio y la atractividad del sector.
Para comprender mejor al consumidor, se ha realizado un sondeo, el cual permitió concluir que hay disposición e interés en el consumo de granos andinos; y facilitó definir diversos aspectos relacionados al modelo de negocio.
Como ventaja competitiva Grandino ofrecerá productos que atienden las necesidades actuales de alimentación, con los atributos de ser nutritivos y al mejor precio. Para el lanzamiento las acciones se enfocarán en generar conocimiento y confianza en nuestra marca y productos, y que nuestro público objetivo compruebe el factor calidad/precio de nuestra oferta.
La gestión de Grandino busca ser ágil y moderna, por lo que los procesos de acondicionamiento, transporte y distribución estarán tercerizados focalizándonos en los objetivos comerciales para el posicionamiento de la marca en el mercado de Lima Metropolitana.
En general, y tras evaluar la demanda y la viabilidad operativa, comercial, económica y financiera, se trata de una oportunidad de negocio con los niveles de rentabilidad adecuados, que atiende un mercado en expansión sobre el cual esta iniciativa puede iniciar su actividad.This business plan seeks to evaluate the feasibility for the creation of a commercial company for conventional Andean grains, mainly quinoa, kiwicha, tarwi and cañihua, which will enter the market with the brand “Grandino”. So, the analysis of the macro and microenvironment was carried out to evaluate the conditions, the business opportunity and the attractive of the market. To better understand the consumer, a survey has been carried out, which allowed to conclude that there is willingness and interest in the consumption of Andean grains; and it facilitated the definition of various aspects related to the business model. As a competitive advantage, Grandino will offer products that meet current food needs, with the attributes of being nutritious and at the best price. For the launch, the actions will focus on generating knowledge and trust in our brand and products, and that our target audience verifies the quality / price factor of our offer. Grandino’s management seeks to be agile and modern, so the conditioning of the products, the transportation and the distribution will be outsourced, focusing on the commercial objectives for the positioning of the brand in the market of Lima City. In general, and after evaluating the demand and the operational, commercial, economic, and financial viability, it is a business opportunity with adequate profitability levels, which serves an expanding market, on which this initiative can start its activity.
Trabajo de investigación
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Magnusson, Bill. "3D Program och Spelmotorer : En fallstudie om användarens uppfattning av 3D omgivningar i visualiserings sammanhang." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Ljud- och musikproduktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-27294.
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Uppsatsen undersöker skillnader mellan 3D program och spelmotorer. En producent i dagens mediesamhälle har många val mellan program och ibland kan det vara svårt att dra slutsatser. Syftet var att ta reda på hur valet mellan de båda programtyperna påverkar användaren av projektet, allt i ett arkitekturs och interiörs visualiserings sammanhang. En bättre förståelse av detta kan hjälpa en producent med valet av produktionsprogram och förbättra upplevelsen hos slutanvändarna. Sex personer intervjuades utifrån ett snöbollsurval för att få fram data som sedan kan analyseras. Deltagarna delades in i två grupper, en med tidigare erfarenhet av interaktiva projekt och spel och en utan, intervjuerna skedde individuellt. Dessa deltagare fick se och prova fyra exempel bestående av tre projekt producerade i 3D program och spelmotorer. Det visade sig att majoriteten av deltagarna tyckte att grafiskt sätt var exemplet producerat i 3D programmet bättre från ett grafiskt perspektiv men deltagarna tyckte att spelmotorn låg så nära att det egentligen inte spelade någon roll, båda programmen låg på samma nivå när det kom till grafisk kvalitet. Alla förutom en av deltagarna föredrog ett interaktivt exempel över en färdig video då deltagaren själv fick möjligheten att röra sig runt och fokusera på vad de själva vill. Deltagaren som inte föredrog ett interaktivt exempel sade att det var på grund av avsaknaden av tidigare erfarenhet. De andra två deltagarna som saknade den tidigare erfarenheten tyckte den gick att lära sig och såg stort potential med det interaktiva exemplet. Deltagarna önskade sig även mer interaktivitet, både i form av interaktiva funktioner som normalt sätt finns i spel men även mer som tillåter dem att leva sig in i projektet.
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Ebadi, Ali. "Effects of pre-flowering conditions of temperature and light on flower and berry development in model grapevines." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe15.pdf.
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Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Bibliography: leaves 143-167. Temperature may affect fruit-set in grapevines through its effect on the development of the flowers up to flower opening and on pollination, be it on the germination of the pollen and the growth of the pollen tube, or on the post-fertilisation growth of the ovule.
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Wang, XiongBiao. "CTLA-4 expression, regulation and associations in autoimmune myasthenia gravis /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-684-7/.
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Zhao, Xiaoyan. "Genetic and immunological control of human myasthenia gravis /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-494-5/.
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López, Cano Manuel. "Miastenia gravis y Timoma. Factores pronóstico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4245.
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Wang, Hua-Bing. "Immunoregulation in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4437-7/.
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Buckley, Camilla. "Autoimmunity in thymoma-associated Myasthenia gravis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394014.
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da, Silva Leite Maria Isabel. "Myasthenia Gravis: Investigations into Seronegative Myasthenia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490100.
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Myasdienia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease causing muscle weakness and fatigue. Over 80% of patients with generalised MG have IgG autoantibodies (mostly IgUlj to the native muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction (NM]). AChR-antibody-positive MG (AChR-MG) patients often benefit from thymectomy. Their thymus usually has epithelial hyperplasia and the thymus is thought to be the site of autoimmunisation against AChR. Of the remaining 15-20% of patients with generalised MG, a variable proportion (0-50%) have autoantibodies to muscle-specific kinase, MuSK (MuSKMG), which are predominantly IgG4. These patients usually have more severe disease, which does not respond to thymectomy, but their thymic pathology has not been studied in detail. The remaining patients have no detectable autoantibodies against AChR or MuSK (seronegative MG, SNMG), but have similar disease to AChR-MG, although tending to be milder, and it is not clear whether the thymus is also abnormal.
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Moritz, Susann. "Gratis pengar? : om sponsring av kultur." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20846.
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The purpose of this master thesis is to study sponsoring of culture. The questions asked are: What are the reasons for sponsoring? What are the advantages of sponsoring? What are the disadvantages of sponsoring? What is the relation between public grants and sponsoring? The thesis is based upon studies of literature and a case study in Malmoe. Malmoe Public Library received about a million SEK over a period of three years from the foundation of Foreningssparbanken Skane. The money finances two projects, one with new books, Nyhetstorget, and one with strengthened information for small companies, Projekt Förstärkt Näringslivsinformation. The definitions of sponsoring range from care of personnel to economic exchange. Exchange of value against something in return is fundamental for sponsoring. The main reason for cultural institutions wanting to be sponsored is financial needs. Sponsoring companies use sponsoring of culture as a marketing tool. Their main reasons are to gain goodwill and enhance their image, for which sponsoring of culture is considered especially useful. The main benefit for cultural institutions is extra working capital. Risks involved for cultural institutions are underestimating their own worth and name, economic dependency and indirect adjustment and influence. Public grants are meant to guarantee cultural political goals and the diversification of culture. Sponsoring can function as a complement. Considering the various economic, political and social influences on cultural life, my conclusion is that sponsoring of culture does fill a purpose as a financial complement under certain conditions.Uppsatsnivå: D
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Pereira, Antonio. "Myasthenia gravis : l'histoire de madame h." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M375.
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Koneczny, Inga. "Potential mechanisms in MuSK-myasthenia gravis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7b81b941-92c0-47ae-a747-62277394638e.
Full textAbstract:
Autoimmunity is a failure to tolerate circulating or cell surface expressed self antigens,leading to activation of the immune system and attack of self tissues. Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease caused by antibodies to MuSK and hallmarked by fatigable muscle weakness. MuSK is a tyrosine kinase that interacts with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4), resulting in maintenance of the high density of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at the neuromuscular junction; this high density is essential for efficient transmission of signals from nerve to muscle, and MuSK antibodies impair this transmission. MuSK antibodies are predominantly IgG4, a subclass that does not induce immunological damage. Thus how these antibodies cause neuromuscular junction dysfunction is not clear. Potential mechanisms of the MuSK antibodies were explored in in vitro experiments. Plasmas from fourteen MuSK-MG patients were studied. IgG antibodies and IgG subclass profiles were measured with flow cytometry. Total IgG, Fabs, IgG4 and IgG1-3 subclass antibodies were prepared and purified; these were used to investigate the effects on MuSK surface expression, binding of LRP4 to MuSK, and agrin-LRP4-MuSK-induced AChR clustering in C2C12 mouse myotubes. No evidence for MuSK endocytosis by MuSK IgG, IgG1-3 or IgG4 antibodies was found. The predominant IgG4 subclass, and the monovalent IgG Fabs, blocked binding between LRP4 and MuSK but both IgG4 and IgG1-3 subclass antibodies were equally able to disperse pre-formed and newly-induced AChR clusters in C2C12 myotubes. The block of LRP4-MuSK interaction by IgG4 antibodies is likely to be a major pathogenic mechanism in MuSK-MG, which may lead to disrupted signal transduction, reduced AChR aggregation and neuromuscular transmission failure at the neuromuscular junction. In addition, MuSK IgG1-3, until now described as nonpathogenic, may also contribute to the reduced AChR density and neuromuscular dysfunction in MuSK-MG. These results provide new evidence concerning the pathogenic antibodies and their mechanisms in MuSK-MG.
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Xu, Biying. "Studies of immune mechanisms in myasthenia gravis /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3265-4/.
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Palace, Jacqueline Ann. "Murine T and B cell epitodes within the human recombinant acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387070.
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Nicolle, Michael W. "The induction of tolerance in CD4+ lymphocytes in vitro using soluble MHC class II : peptide complexes; a model for specific immunotherapy in autoimmune disease." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386587.
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Cunha, Francisco Marcos Bezerra da. "Miastenia grave : estudo de 153 casos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/48657.
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Orientador: Lineu Cesar WerneckCo-orientador: Rosana Herminia Scola
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Interna
Resumo: A miastenia grave é uma doença da junção neuromuscular com sintomas marcantes de fraqueza e fatigabilidade fácil da musculatura ocular isolada ou associada com outros músculos esqueléticos de forma generalizada, piorando com esforço e melhorando com repouso e drogas anticolinesterásicas. Apresenta-se sob as formas neonatal, congênita e adquirida. O diagnóstico da miastenia grave fundamenta-se no quadro clínico, testes farmacológicos, eletrofisiológicos e dosagem de anticorpo anti-receptor de acetilcolina (AAChR), Este estudo objetivou uma avaliação de 153 miastênicos quanto aos aspectos clínicos, gerais e específicos da doença, verificando os melhores métodos de investigação complementar utilizados e comparando os diversos procedimentos terapêuticos conservador e cirúrgico diante da evolução dos doentes. O uso da piridostigmina, prednisona, outros imunossupressores e plasmaférese teve eficácia clínica, destacando os pacientes com idade abaixo de 50 anos. Não houve diferença estatística entre pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico e conservador quanto à remissão e melhora. Contudo, os dados deste estudo são sugestivos de que os diversos procedimentos terapêuticos influenciam favoravelmente a evolução clínica da doença que segue seu curso autolimitado independente do tratamento utilizado.
Abstract: Myasthenia gravis is a disease of the neuromuscular junction with remarkable symptoms of weakness and easy fatigability of ocular muscles isolated or associated with other skeletal muscles in a generalized form; this may increase with physical effort and it improves with rest and anticolinesterase drugs. Myasthenia gravis has three clinical forms: neonatal, congenital and acquired. The diagnosis of myasthenia gravis is based upon the clinical picture, pharmacological tests, electrophysiological studies and dosage of antibodies against receptors of acetylcholine (AAChR). Our study aimed at analyzing 153 myasthenic patients as to the specific and general clinical aspects of the disease in order to identify the best methods of complementary investigation usualy used and to compare with the different conservative and surgical therapeutical prodedures in correlation with the evolution of the patients. The use of prostigmine. prednisone, other immuosupressants and plasmapheresis has had clinical efficacy, mainly in patientes under 50 anos old. There was no significant statistical difference between patients submitted to surgical and conservative treatment as to remission and improvement. However, our findings suggest that the different therapies have a positive influence on the clinical evolution of the disease that follows its autolimited course independent on the kind of therapy.
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Aguiar, Aline. "Miastenia gravis no Ceará, Brasil : aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/862.
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AGUIAR, Aline de Almeida Xavier. Miastenia gravis no Ceará, Brasil : aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos. 2010. 116 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Fortaleza, 2010.Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2011-10-07T16:01:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_aaxaguiar.pdf: 755701 bytes, checksum: 53d91cb84d6291d111a641e9804b6b8b (MD5)
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A retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed as having myasthenia gravis, followed in Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Hospital Geral de Fortaleza and by neurologists in Ceará, Brazil, from October 1981 to June 2009 was performed. Clinical and epidemiologic aspects were evaluated. In this work, 122 patients were studied, of whom 85 (69.7%) were females and 37 (30.3%) were males. The disease duration ranged from five months to 50 years (8.9 ± 8.1 years). Age at the first symptoms varied from 0 to 74 years (31.9 ± 14.4 years). The main first symptoms and signs were ptosis, diplopia and member weakness. Generalized myasthenia was the most common clinical presentation, but 5.1% (n=6) persisted as ocular myasthenia. Thymectomy was performed in 42.6% (n=52) of myasthenic patients. A thymoma was present in 10 patients. Serum acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies were present in 80% (n=20) of specimens tested.
Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, os prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de miastenia grave (MG), diagnosticados e seguidos no Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Hospital Geral de Fortaleza e por neurologistas que tratavam doenças neuromusculares, no período de outubro de 1981 a junho de 2009 no Estado do Ceará, Brasil. Foram coletados dados clínicos e epidemiológicos. Foram estudados 122 pacientes, sendo 85 (69.7%) do sexo feminino e 37 (30.3%) do sexo masculino. O tempo de duração da doença variou de cinco meses a 50 anos (8.9 ± 8.1 anos). A idade de inicio da doença variou de zero a 74 anos (31.9 ± 14.4 anos). Na amostra estudada, os primeiros sintomas foram principalmente ptose palpebral superior, diplopia e fraqueza dos membros. A maioria dos pacientes apresentou a forma generalizada, enquanto 5.1% (n= 6) persistiram com miastenia ocular. Timectomia foi realizada em 42.6% (n=52) dos pacientes. A presença de timoma foi demonstrada em 10 pacientes. Anticorpos anti-receptor de acetilcolina estavam presentes em 80% (n=20) das amostras testadas.
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Ferrante, Ariel. "Morpho-physiological bases of spike fertility under contrasting nitrogen availability in durum wheat." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104605.
Full textAbstract:
Current trends in population growth suggest that global food production is
unlikely to satisfy future demand under predicted climate change scenarios.
Therefore, further improvements on wheat yield potential will be essential to
meet future food demand. Thus, to further raise wheat grain yield it is critical to
understand the physiological basis of grain number per m2 determination. Yield
responsiveness to resource availability is usually related to grain number per m2
in most of grain crops, such as durum wheat. Under Mediterranean conditions,
wheat yields vary widely, mainly in response to erratic rainfall, but it has been
proposed that part of this variability may be reduced through nitrogen (N)
management. Wheat yield responses to N fertilisation are usually related to
those of grains per m2, which in turn is the consequence of processes related to
floret development (floret initiation followed by floret death/survival) during stem
elongation. However, there are almost no studies published relating floret
primordia generation and survival in response to increases in N availabilities in
wheat. Understanding the dynamics of floret primordia development as a
physiological determinant of grain setting can be relevant to further increase
grain yield in wheat. The focus of this thesis was to study the effects of N
availability and the differences among modern cultivars (and, in some cases,
combined with availability of other resources) on dynamics of floret
development and survival determining the fate of these primordia and the
generation of grain number in durum wheat.
Six experiments were conducted (4 semi-controlled and 2 field conditions)
during four consecutive growing seasons at Catalonia, NE Spain, with a
combination of different N and water availabilities and contrasting modern
durum wheat cultivars.
Across all experiments, yield responsiveness to N was, in general, related to
grain number increases as an indirect response to N through its effect on
increasing growth. This is not only based on the fact that the relationship of
grain number with spike dry matter was not improved if spike N were used
instead, but also on the fact that detillering did increased grain number through
the same relationships to spike dry matter. Also, improved spike fertility was
due to both producing more fertile florets (in response to N and water or to the
removal of competing shoots) and to reduce the percentage of failure of fertile
florets in becoming grains. Responsiveness of the number of fertile florets was
determined by a developmental response of floret primordia, which under high
resource availability conditions continued developing normally in some distal
florets of the spikelets, at any position of the spike, whilst in more stressful
conditions their development stopped. Genotypic variation in fruiting efficiency
was found for modern durum wheat cultivars and there was a tendency for
some cultivars to have higher values of fruiting efficiency in most of the
environments. Differences in fruiting efficiency were responsible for genotypic
differences in grain number. A functional negative relationship was found
between grain weight and fruiting efficiency, revealing a trade-off related to
spike growth per floret developing normally.
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Felisberto, Junior Gilmar. "Tratamento cirúrgico comparado ao tratamento clínico na miastenia gravis : revisão sistemática e matanálise /." Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132120.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Antonio José Maria CataneoCoorientador: Daniele Cristina Cataneo
Coorientador: Paulo Eduardo de Oliveira Carvalho
Banca: Vânia dos Santos Nunes
Banca: Olavo Ribeiro Rodrigues
Resumo: Introdução: A miastenia gravis é uma doença que afeta a junção neuromuscular e leva a fraqueza da musculatura esquelética. O tratamento atual pode ser clínico ou cirúrgico através da ressecção completa do timo. Objetivo: Comparar, através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico e clínico da miastenia gravis. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca nos principais bancos de dados a fim de encontrar ensaios clínicos randomizados que comparassem as duas modalidades terapêuticas. Como não existem estudos dessa categoria, foram selecionados aqueles com menor nível de evidência e que continham as duas intervenções, com pelo menos 10 pacientes em cada braço do estudo. A análise estatística foi feita com software StatsDirect, versão 3.0.121. Resultados: A busca encontrou 592 artigos na base Medline, 1925 artigos na base Embase e 204 artigos na base Lilacs. Após a exclusão dos estudos duplicados, 51 artigos foram analisados integralmente e nove foram selecionados para esta revisão. O número total de pacientes avaliados foi de 3.211. A mortalidade nos grupos cirúrgico e clínico foram respectivamente de 7 e 19%, com diferença estatística significante. A taxa de remissão nos grupos foi de 17% para o grupo cirúrgico e de 13% para o clínico, sem significância estatística. Para o desfecho melhora, o grupo cirúrgico apresentou uma taxa de 23% e o clínico de 29%, também sem diferença estatística. Conclusões: Apesar da baixa evidência disponível, a timectomia pode ser considerada uma opção terapêutica na miastenia gravis, com menores índices de mortalidade e taxas de remissão e controle semelhantes ao tratamento clínico
Abstract: Introduction: Myasthenia gravis is a disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and leads to weakness of the skeletal muscles. Current treatment is guided by the clinical and surgical conduction through the complete resection of the thymus. Objective: Compare, through a systematic review, the results of surgical and medical treatment of myasthenia gravis. Methods: A search was conducted in major databases to find randomized controlled trials that compared the two treatment modalities. As there are no studies that category, were selected studies with a lower level of evidence and that contained both interventions and at least 10 patients in each arm of the study. Statistical analysis was performed with StatsDirect version 3.0.121 software. Results: The search found 592 articles in Medline, 1925 articles in the Embase and 204 articles in the Lilacs. After exclusion of duplicate studies, 51 articles were fully analyzed and nine were selected for this review. The total number of patients was 3,211. The mortality in the surgical and medical groups were respectively 7 and 19%, with significant differences. The remission rate in both groups was 17% for the surgical group and 13% for clinical, without statistical significance. To improve the outcome, the surgical group had a rate of 23% and 29% of the clinical, also no statistical difference. Conclusion: Despite the low available evidence, thymectomy may be considered a therapeutic option in myasthenia gravis, with lower rates of mortality and rates of remission and control similar to clinical treatment Keywords: myasthenia gravis, thymectomy, clinical treatment
Mestre
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Scheper, Reiny W. A. "Studies on the biology and genetic variation of phomopsis on grapevine /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs325.pdf.
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Eriksson, Christina. "Varför jobba gratis? : -eget val eller tvång?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-49333.
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Syftet med denna studie är att försöka förklara vad som ligger bakom fenomenet att kockar vilka arbetar på restaurang med stjärna i Guide Michelin arbetar mycket gratis. Studien avser ge svar på om detta sker av eget val eller genom tvång. 4 kockar har i denna kvalitativa studie intervjuats i syfte att ta del av deras egna upplevelser och subjektiva åsikter rörande fenomenet. Studiens resultat tyder på att yrket har en stark identitetskapade effekt och att dessa kockar har en hög känsla för det egna arbetet. Att vara kock är mer än ett yrke, det är en livsstil. Intervjupersonerna beskriver vidare att de kan välja att acceptera att jobba gratis eller ej. Dessa val är dock i realiteten skenbart fria val vilka begränsas av fältets doxa. Slutsatsen som dras i denna studie är att då skiljelinjen mellan yrkesliv och privatliv delvis suddats ut blir det viktigare att det arbete som utförs är representativt för dessa kockar, att det är deras stil. Paradoxalt leder detta till att de jobbar utöver ordinarie arbetstid för att säkerställa detta. Detta kombinerat med de oskrivna regler som finns inom fältet leder till att dessa kockar jobbar mycket gratis.
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Billing, Mischa. "En friskhet som ger ett gratis ansiktslyft." Örebro universitet, Restaurang- och hotellhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-29890.
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Plested, Charles Paul. "Mechanism of action of seronegative myasthenia gravis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301392.
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Moody, Anne Marie. "T-cell receptor studies in myasthenia gravis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337448.
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Lotwick, Helen Sylvia. "Anti-(acetylcholine receptor) antibodies in myasthenia gravis." Thesis, University of Bath, 1985. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.351788.
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Levels of anti-(AChR) antibodies were determined in serial serum samples from 14 myasthenic patients over a period of several months, using detergent-solubilized muscle extracts of junctional rat AChR, extra-junctional rat AChR and human adult AChR as antigens. Anti-(AChR) antibody titres obtained using human adult AChR were always higher than those obtained using extra-junctional rat AChR, which were, in turn, always higher than those obtained using junctional rat AChR. Ihe ratios of antibody titres obtained by using the different antigens varied between patients, but were constant for an individual over the period of study. Complementary evidence for the same phenamenon was obtained by other experiments in which an excess of each serum was used to precipitate limited amounts of AChR from muscle extracts. The results obtained by conbining myasthenic sera argue against the suggestion that incomplete precipitation of receptor by certain sera is caused by the absence of particular antibody sub-populations. An alternative explanation, that sera precipitating low amounts of AChR contain toxin-releasing antibodies, is supported by direct measuranents of antibody-mediated toxin loss. The hypothesis that embryonic AChR may constitute the autoimmunogen in MG vas investigated by comparing the interaction of human foetal AChR with BGT and anti-(AChR) antibodies against that established for adult human AChR. Tissue sections and teased muscle fibres fron human adult and foetal muscle were compared immunohistochemically. Detergent extracts of adult and foetal AChRs were canpared in their interaction with radiolabelled BGT by kinetic measurements involving determination of association, dissociation and equilibrium binding constants. AChR was isolated and partially purified frcm human adult and foetal muscle, and their binding to anti-(AChR) antibodies in myasthenic sera and IgG were compared. No significant difference was observed between the binding characteristics of the two receptor types, indicating the absence (at least in 14 - 22 week old foetuses) of ligand binding or antigenic sites unique to foetal AChR.