Journal articles: 'Gray Relation Analysis'

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Li, Lan Yun, Zhuan Zhao Yang, and Zhi He. "Research on Fault Recognition for Centrifugal Compressor Based on Fuzzy Gray Relational Grade." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.71.

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In practical centrifugal compressor fault diagnosis, it is very difficult to improve the fault recognition rate, especially when the sample sizes are small. To solve this problem, a new fault recognition method based on fuzzy gray relational grade was proposed. Firstly, according to fuzzy set theory, the fuzzy relation coefficient (FRC), fuzzy relation degree (FRD) and fuzzy relative weights (FRW) of all fault features were calculated. Secondly, the gray system theory was used to obtain the gray relational coefficients (GRC). Thirdly, by combining FRW and GRC, two fuzzy gray relation grades (FGRG) were presented, which is the Hamming distance-based fuzzy gray relation grade (HD-FGRG) and the Euclidean distance-based fuzzy gray relation grade (ED-FGRG), respectively. Finally, the fault recognition results were obtained by using the max membership degree principle. The centrifugal compressor fault diagnosis results show that the ED-FGRG method is more effective and accurate than traditional gray relational analysis (T-GRA) method, the weighted gray relational analysis (W-GRA) method, and the entropy weight-based gray relational analysis (EW-GRA) method and the HD-FGRG method.

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Tan, Yanbin, Zhe Zhang, Huili Wang, and Shaobo Zhou. "Gray Relation Analysis for Optimal Selection of Bridge Reinforcement Scheme Based on Fuzzy-AHP Weights." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (July 22, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8813940.

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In order to solve the problem on optimal selection of old bridge reinforcement schemes, a decision-making method of gray relation analysis based on fuzzy-AHP weights is proposed. Firstly, the fuzzy-AHP is used to develop the decision index system of old bridge reinforcement schemes and determine the weight of decision indexes. The 0.1–0.9 scale method is introduced as the index judgment criterion, and the weight judgment matrix is established. Through the consistency test, the relative weight vector of each decision index in the index layer is calculated. Secondly, according to the gray relation model of the old bridge reinforcement schemes, the decision matrix is constructed, and the gray relation coefficient matrix is calculated to obtain the gray relation coefficient corresponding to the ideal optimal scheme. Finally, the optimal scheme is determined. Through an engineering example, the reinforcement scheme of a concrete-filled steel tube arch bridge deck system is calculated and analyzed, and the best reinforcement scheme is selected. The optimal selection result is consistent with the actual reinforcement scheme available for the bridge. The decision-making method of gray relation analysis based on fuzzy-AHP weights make the evaluation system more organized and systematic and the index weight more operable and quantitative, reduce the subjective evaluation impact, and make the evaluation result more objective and reliable. Considering the fuzzy and gray information of comparison and selection, the optimal scheme with high feasibility and applicability is selected by the gray relation method.

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Shan, Quan, and Yan Chen. "Method of Customer's Requirements Gain and Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 1714–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.1714.

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Modularity has been recognized as a vital factor to implement mass customization. To obtain the optimization project of modular design, Customer's Requirements must be gained firstly. There has relation between each Customer's Requirement. So, the gain technology of Customer's Requirements degree, which using investigate questionnaire, is expatiated in this paper. Then, the gray relation degrees between customer's requirements can be gained by gray correlation analysis. A questionnaire, which using the household hanging air-conditioning system as an example, is proposed in this paper. The result, which using gray system theory to analyze, demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approaches.

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Hu, Dongfang, Chang Liu, and Yanbing Li. "Reliability Analysis of Toughened Vacuum Glass Based on Gray Relation Decision." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (August 30, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2926480.

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The gray system theory was introduced in the design of toughened vacuum glass, and an evaluation mathematical model based on improved gray correlation was established. According to the service performance index of tempered vacuum glass, determine the index system of product evaluation. Based on the improved gray absolute correlation method, the module vacuum glass was analyzed and calculated. The weight of each evaluation index is obtained according to the deviation matrix, and the relevance of the sample data line to the reference data line is elaborated from the perspective of proximity and thus combined with the weight of each evaluation index to get the comprehensive gray correlation. The results of the trial design scheme are designed to prove its effectiveness in vacuum glass product quality evaluation and feasibility.

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Meng, Xiang Yun, Ri Hui Chen, and Shi Bin Wang. "The Gray Relation Analysis of Non-Coal Mine Accidents Causation." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 2306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.2306.

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The Gray Relation Analysis is applied to the casualty analysis of non-coal mine accident in four certain years in China to export grey relational order to determine the main related factors in the non-coal mine accident, obtaining quantitative analysis results of the relationship between non-coal mine accident and multiple factors, introducing the concept of mine accident risk correlation degree.

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.M.Shaabn, A., T. .A. Khalil, and B. .A. Elmogy. "Multi Response Optimization of End Milling Parameters Using Gray Relation Analysis." Engineering Research Journal - Faculty of Engineering (Shoubra) 41, no. 1 (2019): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2019.243170.

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M.Gaafer, A. "Multi Response Optimization of Face Milling Parameters Using Gray Relation Analysis." Engineering Research Journal - Faculty of Engineering (Shoubra) 40, no. 1 (2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2019.243187.

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Zhu, Guanlong. "Gray Relation Analysis of Human-caused Accidents in the Oil Industry." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 11, no. 3 (2024): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ef7gm434.

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Aiming at the characteristics of petroleum production accidents, such as high potential hazards, large economic losses and wide range of influence, in order to better formulate the accident risk management policy, it is necessary to have a deeper understanding of the reasons for the occurrence of accidents. By combing the accident investigation reports of the petroleum industry in recent years, we can effectively reduce the possibility of accidents by analyzing the direct and indirect causes of human-caused accidents based on the gray relation system from the human-caused aspect, identifying the main influencing factors and taking targeted preventive measures.

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Li, Lan Yun, Zhuan Zhao Yang, and Zhi He. "Research on Fault Diagnosis for Centrifugal Compressor Using Entropy-Based Fuzzy Gray Relational Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.1.

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. A novel fault diagnosis method for centrifugal compressor was proposed by using entropy- based fuzzy gray relational analysis (EF-GRA). Firstly, the minimize entropy principle (MEP) was used to subdivide all real-valued fault features and construct membership functions of fuzzy variables. Secondly, based on the gray theory, the fuzzy-gray relational coefficients (F-GRC) were calculated and the weighted fuzzy-gray relation degrees (WF-GRD) were obtained, so that the diagnostic result can be determined. Finally, a centrifugal compressor fault dataset was used to illustrate the proposed method, and the results show that it has strong engineering practicability and validity.

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Deng, An Peng, Yi Xuan Deng, and Hui Tao Li. "Relativity Analysis of Technology Business Incubating Ability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 1713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.1713.

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The gray system theories are introduced into the evaluation and research of the technology business incubators, and the method of gray relativity analysis is used to carry out relativity analysis of the incubating ability of technology business incubators. Taking several typical technology business incubators in Wuhan for examples, the relation between the indexes of incubating ability and the tax revenue achieved by the incubated enterprise can be obtained. Based on the thorough analysis of the result some suggestions to improve the development of Wuhans technology business incubators are proposed.

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Li, Qing, Da Lin Sun, and Song Gao. "Fault Diagnosis of some TV Seeker Based on General Grey Relation Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 3505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.3505.

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Grey system theory has obvious advantage on handling “poor information and small sample data” problems. Some TV seeker’s faults performance of such characteristics that the date is less and not integrity, and failure phenomenon is not explicit. So it comes to be difficult to diagnose the faults at the Basic level by a quick way. This paper means to build a model using the general gray relational analysis in order to establish contact between the fault parameter names and failure phenomenon. Then by using gray relational analysis on the fault records in the database and checking the model with another data. Calculation result shows that the method can judge fault position simply and quickly. The paper provides a kind of relatively reliable quantitative analysis basis for the fault diagnosis and locating faults.

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Hou, Yan Jun, and Lin Feng Wu. "Orientation Schemes Choice for Aquatic Inserting Piles Based on Gray Relation Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.909.

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In the process of rapid orientation device design for aquatic inserting piles, piles were fixed position using straight and steady function of the edge piles ahead. Piles were inserted to riverbed inside steel casing without horizontal current velocity. Three kinds of orientation schemes were put forward. To scientifically and accurately choose the best scheme, the evaluation index system was established in the way of expert's mark. The gray relation analysis method was adopted to analyze each scheme, synthesize each factor, and finally educe the optimal scheme.

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Wu, Tiejun. "The Determination of Workpiece Fixturing Scheme Based on Gray Relation Analysis Method." International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology 6, no. 6 (2013): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijhit.2013.6.6.07.

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Fahmi, Aliya, Saleem Abdullah, Fazli Amin, and Asad Ali. "Precursor Selection for Sol–Gel Synthesis of Titanium Carbide Nanopowders by a New Cubic Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Group Decision-Making Model." Journal of Intelligent Systems 28, no. 5 (2017): 699–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2017-0083.

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Abstract In this paper, we construct an extended version of the TOPSIS method by using cubic information, and provide a numerical application to verify and demonstrate the practicality of the method. A new extension of the gray relation analysis (GRA) method is introduced by using cubic information. We also propose the cubic fuzzy multi-attribute group decision-making model, and the relation between the cubic TOPSIS method and the cubic gray relation analysis (CGRA) method is introduced. Finally, the proposed method is used for selection in sol–gel synthesis of titanium carbide nanopowders. We analyzed the proposed method by using a numerical application to sol–gel synthesis of titanium carbide nanopowders.

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Huang, Chun Yan, and Yan Ling Li. "An Adaptive Filtering Algorithm Based on Improved Gray Relational Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.483.

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Because of the characteristic of the gray relation analysis and the advantage of the alpha-trimmed mean filter, an efficient technique for mixed noise removal in images was proposed. This algorithm can adjust the filter coefficients adaptively according to various pieces of the image features. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm which greatly improved efficiently, it not only can remove mixed noise in image, but also can keep the details of the image.

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Wang, Feng Shan, Li Fa Wu, Quan Bing Rong, and Hong Jun Zhang. "Pregnant Environment Analysis Model of Earthquake-Induced Underground Engineering Slope Based on Gray Relation and Variation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2494.

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Complicated and variational relation among the factors of the pregnant environment, resulted that, it was hard to orderly sentence the connection from the pregnant risk factors to the overall slope safety. Through differentiating risk relational factors into the extreme variation, same directional matrix was established for the pregnant environment safety of earthquake-induced underground engineering slope. Gray relation Analysis Model was established on the pregnant environment of earthquake-induced underground engineering slope, which was integrated with entropy information of same directional matrix. Model calculated out the gray relation degree and variation coefficient among the sample data sequence of the observed units, and finally sentenced the overall safety of underground engineering slope systemically. Example showed that toward the multi-objective decision-making problem for the safety assessment of underground engineering slope, model possessed with a scientific, simple, practical feature, whose outcome revealed the full status of the slope pregnant environment.

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Liu, Xiaowei, Minghu Ha, Xiaohui Lei, and Zhao Zhang. "A Novel GRA-NARX Model for Water Level Prediction of Pumping Stations." Water 14, no. 19 (2022): 2954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14192954.

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It is necessary but difficult to accurately predict the water levels in front of the pumping stations of an open-channel water transfer project because of the complex interactions among hydraulic structures. In this study, a novel GRA-NARX (gray relation analysis—nonlinear auto-regressive exogenous) model is proposed based on a gray relation analysis (GRA) and nonlinear auto-regressive exogenous (NARX) neural network for 2 h ahead for the prediction of water levels in front of pumping stations, in which an improved algorithm of the NARX neural network is used to obtain the optimal combination of the time delay and the hidden neurons number, and GRA is used to reduce the prediction complexity and improve the prediction accuracy by filtering input factors. Then, the sensitivity to changes of the training algorithm is analyzed, and the prediction performance is compared with that of the NARX and GRA-BP (gray relation analysis back-propagation) models. A case study is performed in the Tundian pumping station of the Miyun project, China, to demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the proposed model. It is revealed that the GRA-NARX-BR (gray relation analysis—nonlinear auto-regressive exogenous—Bayesian regularization) model has higher accuracy than the model based only on a NARX neural network and the GRA-BP model with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9856 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.00984 m. The proposed model is effective in predicting the water levels in front of the pumping stations of a complex open-channel water transfer project.

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Liu, Jian, and Dan Liu. "Study on the Impact of Tongluoshan Tunnel on Groundwater Environment Based on Hydrochemical Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 137 (October 2011): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.137.353.

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This study applies gray relation analysis method to make an estimate of the range that influenced by Tongluoshan tunnel construction on groundwater environment, using hydrochemical data of groundwater sampled from tunnel and wells as well as springs. Results calculated reveal that the gray relation grades varies from 0.48 to 0.89 with an average of 0.63 to 0.76, implying that the inflow from tunnel is closely related to the groundwater system which recharges the wells and springs. And an area about 3.5 square kilometers consists of rangeⅠand rangeⅡ, distributing mainly in the carbonate aquifer field around tunnel is inferred as the zone that might be influenced by Tongluoshan tunnel construction. So the wells and springs in these ranges may disappear if a good link existing between the tunnel and aquifers that recharges the wells and springs.

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Mohammed Osman, Ashraf Mustafa, Mohammed Al Fadil Gar al naby, Maha Esmeal Ahmed, and Babiker Abd Elwahab Awad alla. "SPLENIC SIZE RELATION TO THE PORTAL VEIN DOPPLER ANALYSIS IN SUDANESE LIVER TRANSPLANTS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 2 (2019): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i2.2019.1022.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the specific Doppler criteria for the portal vein as well as the spleen length or volume in liver transplants. A relative study was done after performing venous Doppler sonographic studies in 45 liver transplant cases (4 whole liver, 41 lobar) with no known vascular complications. The ultrasonic Doppler study were targeted to the portal vein flow direction, flow velocity in Doppler level and the caliber in gray scale level. Average gray scale and color flow mapping appearances as well as normal monophasic wave character was found. The following Doppler parameters were evaluated: for the portal veins, venous pulsatility index. There were no cases of portal vein obstruction found in our sample (neither stenosis, nor occlusion). Mean portal vein velocity was (less than 55 cm /s), the splenic length was (13.7±1.5). The relation between the portal venous index, and the splenic length was built. Both are useful parameters for diagnosing liver transplants complications.

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Ashraf, Mustafa Mohammed Osman, Dr. Mohammed Al Fadil Gar al naby Professor., Maha Esmeal Ahmed Dr., and Babiker Abd Elwahab Awad alla Dr. "SPLENIC SIZE RELATION TO THE PORTAL VEIN DOPPLER ANALYSIS IN SUDANESE LIVER TRANSPLANTS." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 7, no. 2 (2019): 180–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2587435.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the specific Doppler criteria for the portal vein as well as the spleen length or volume in liver transplants. A relative study was done after performing venous Doppler sonographic studies in 45 liver transplant cases (4 whole liver, 41 lobar) with no known vascular complications. The ultrasonic Doppler study were targeted to the portal vein flow direction, flow velocity in Doppler level and the caliber in gray scale level. Average gray scale and color flow mapping appearances as well as normal monophasic wave character was found. The following Doppler parameters were evaluated: for the portal veins, venous pulsatility index. There were no cases of portal vein obstruction found in our sample (neither stenosis, nor occlusion). Mean portal vein velocity was (less than 55 cm /s), the splenic length was (13.7±1.5). The relation between the portal venous index, and the splenic length was built. Both are useful parameters for diagnosing liver transplants complications.

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Kumar Sahu, Kuldip, and Raj Ballav. "Optimization of machining parameters of Aluminium based hybrid composites using Gray Relation Analysis." Materials Today: Proceedings 4, no. 9 (2017): 9977–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.305.

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Babu Rao, Thella, Venu Pilli, Nallamotu Revanth Sai Venkat, Nagandla Pavan, and Thalari Shiva Ram. "Application of Gray Relation Analysis for Multi-Response Optimization of Plasma Heat Assisted Turning Performance." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.32 (2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.32.15389.

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This paper presents optimization of plasma heat assisted turning process for machining hardened EN24 die steel (53HRC) by using gray relational analysis. Flank wear and surface roughness (Ra) are experimentally measured as the process performance characteristics under varying conditions of preheating temperature, cutting speed and cutting length. The plasma heating approach was implemented to preheat the workpiece. The machining experiments were conducted according to the L16 design of experiments. Since the chosen machining performance indicators are found with confliction for the chosen process variables, the problem is treated as multi-response optimization problem to minimize the tool wear and surface roughness simultaneously. Therefore, the problem was solved by implementing the gray relational analysis and the derived optimal machining conditions were analysed and reported.

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Zhou, Zhen, L. B. Li, Y. Qin, D. Z. Ma, and B. Niu. "Failure Modes Analysis of Electromagnetic Flowmeter Based on Grey Relational Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 33 (October 2010): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.33.322.

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Firstly this paper introduces gray relation analysis, and then it draws various reasons of electromagnetic flowmeter malfunction in combination with data provided by one company. And the paper calculates the probabilities of the various reasons adopting classical statistics, and equalizes these failure rate data to get sequence difference, and then obtains grey incidence coefficient and correlation degree. Then the paper sorts these correlation degrees to confirm the influence degree of the failure modes. Finally, the bleaching information required is obtained.

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Fu, Yu, Bo Lu, Min Lu, and Xing Chao Zhang. "Gray Fuzzy Cluster Method and its Application in Development Scheme of Fault Block Reservoirs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.147.

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Fault-block oil and Gas Field is one of special complicated reservoirs. For its development, No matter at home or aboard, the instances are not too many, and most of them are terrestrial oil reservoir. For ocean fault-block oil reservoirs, there are no instances that can be consulted. This paper aims at some ocean fault block oil reservoir .Gray relation model and fuzzy cluster analysis are combined to set gray fuzzy cluster analysis .Through a case analysis ,gray fuzzy cluster method is used to clustering of reservoirs. with the experiences that has been obtained, so that the foundation are provided for the development of some ocean fault block oil reservoir.

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Xie, Xian Fen, and Bin Hui Wang. "Grey-Hierarchy Relation Analysis and Evaluation of Port Operating Ability." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1847.

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Throughput and berths capacity are two important measures of port operating ability. Based on these two aspects, this paper established port operating index system for Guangdong Province, and made comprehensive evaluation and analysis on 11 large-scale ports in Guangdong. During the evaluation process, the AHP and Gray Incidence Analysis (GIA) methods are combined to exploratory analysis on the port operating ability and development emphasis of each port. The results show that the ranking of throughput aspect or berth capacity are inconsistent with comprehensive ranking result, that is, obvious differences exist between these 11 ports and each of them have their own development priorities, which is reasonable, realistic and in line with the actual situation in Guangdong Province.

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Wang, Hai Yan, and Jian Xin Zhang. "An Application and Research of Gray-Relation for Color Classification in Dyeing Textile." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 2881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.2881.

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Dyeing textile’s information management system is the basis of accurate classification of color， machine studying methods have became a popular area of research for application in color classification. Traditional classification methods have high efficiency and are very simple ， but they are dependent on the distribution of sample spaces. If the sample data properties are not independent， forecast precision will been affected badly and internal instability will appear. An application of Gray-Relation for dyeing textile color classification has been designed， which offsets the discount in mathematical statistics method for system analysis. It is applicable regardless of variant in sample size， while quantizing structure is in agreement with qualitative analysis. On the basis of theoretical analysis， Dyeing textile color classification was conducted in the conditions of random sampling、 uniform sampling and stratified sampling. The experimental results proofs that by using Gray-Relation， dyeing textile color classification does not need to be dependent on sample space distribution， and increases the stability of classification.

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Fahmi, Aliya, and Fazli Amin. "Precursor Selection for Sol–Gel Synthesis of Titanium Carbide Nanopowders by a New Hesitant CUBIC Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Group Decision-Making Model." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 15, no. 01 (2018): 145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005719500091.

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In this paper, we define hesitant cubic TOPSIs method. We develop the numerical application and different method. We define the new idea of Hesitant Cubic Gray Analysis Set. We proposed the HCF-MAGDM model and relationships among hesitant cubic TOPSIS method with hesitant cubic gray relation analysis method being introduced. Finally, using the proposed method to Sol–Gel synthesis of titanium carbide (TiC) nanopowders for selection, we analyzed the proposed method by using a numerical application to Sol–Gel synthesis of TiC nanopowders.

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Mao, Peng Jun, Lu Liu, Jun Wang, and Chun Yan Hu. "A Study on Gray Relational Analysis of Many Factor Weights in Tobacco Leaves Classification." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1728–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1728.

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For the nine characteristic factors of tobacco leaf grading standards have different degree of influence on final grading results and lack of objective evaluation method, in this paper, we applied the gray relational analysis method to determine the weight of tobacco leaf factors in every grade, which calculate the gray relational analysis of nine characteristic factors: such as hue, lightness value, chroma, length, leaf structure, waste, oil, maturity and body. The gray relation was normalized to get the weight of the nine factors in tobacco leaf classification. By contrasted with the subjective evaluation of five experts in tobacco field, the calculation results are basically consistent with the experts’ recommendation. It illustrates that the application of Grey relational method to calculate influence ability of flue-cured tobacco grading factors is feasible. This method eliminates the subjectivity of the weight of each factor and can make the results more realistic.

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Meduri, Mr Vedaswaroop. "Analysis and Evaluation of Climate Risk Management Systems Using Gray Relational Analysis." International Journal of Computer Science and Data Engineering 2, no. 1 (2025): 88–97. https://doi.org/10.55124/csdb.v2i1.244.

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Climate change is further disrupting businesses through increasing climate risks such as flooding and severe winds, resulting in higher costs and lower revenues. In response, FM Global launched the Climate Risk Report, which addresses these climate risks and helps businesses improve their resilience while building long-term confidence. The report is aimed at executives, including CEOs, CFOs and risk managers, to help them make informed decisions about climate resilience investments. Research significance: This research is important as it improves climate risk management and decision-making for businesses facing increasing climate challenges. Combining data from over 60,000 engineering visits, AI and predictive analytics, the Climate Risk Report provides an accurate and comprehensive climate risk assessment. This methodology helps businesses categorize risks into actionable insights and build resilience through data-driven choices. By emphasizing data quality and using advanced technologies, this research deepens the understanding of climate-related losses, helping companies reduce billions worth of potential damages and increase overall climate resilience. Methology: alternatives: 1. AI-Powered Resilience System, 2. Climate Risk Prediction Model, 3. Data Quality Profiling Framework, 4. Integrated Climate Analytics Dashboard, 5. Predictive Hazard Mitigation Platform, 6. Actionable Climate Risk Mapper, and 7. Scalable Resilience Engineering Toolkit. Evaluation criteria include Scalability, Recognition, Complexity, Adoption Difficulty. Result: According to the results, Predictive Hazard Mitigation Platform ranked highest, while Data Quality Profiling Framework ranked lowest. Conclusion: AI for Predictive Hazard Mitigation Platform has the highest value for Climate Risk Report in education according to the Gray Relation Analysis (GRA) approach.

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Wang, Jiang Bo, Qing Ming Zhang, Cheng Liang Feng, and Wei Bing Li. "Grey Relation Analysis on the Influence Factors of Multi-Mode Penetrators Forming." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.739.

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On how to properly choose initiation position and parameters of cavity liner structure of multi-mode penetrator shaping. Combine gray relation analysis with simulation of different ways of initiation and different cavity liner structure, we analyze the effect of ways of initiation, the height of cavity liner, height ratio of cone and thickness of cavity liner on forming parameters of shaped charge. We get the sequence of factors which affect the penetrator molding effect. That is charge initiation position>the height of cavity liner>cone height ratio of cavity liner> thickness of cavity liner, which provide a reference method for optimization design multi-mode warhead.

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Zhao, Jian Na, and Jing Li. "Gray Relevance Analysis of Scientific and Technological Input and Economic Growth of Hebei." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3048–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3048.

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According to the data related to infrastructure expenditure，project number and persons engaged in scientific and technological activities during 2003-2008 of Hebei，in addition to the gross domestic production(GDP),by using gray relevance analysis principle and method，this paper analyzes the relationship between scientific and technological input and economic growth and concludes that there is close relation between economic growth and scientific and technological input.Especially the project number has more effect on the GDP.The conclusion can provide some theoretical support forgovernment decision and some suggestions are also given.

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Qiao, Zebo, and Jianjun Yin. "Fuzzy Deep Medical Diagnostic System: Gray Relation Framework and the Guiding Functionalities for the Professional Sports Club Social Responsibility." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 5 (2020): 1084–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.2891.

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Fuzzy deep medical diagnostic system based on gray relation framework and the guiding functionalities for the professional sports club social responsibility is proposed in this paper. Medical high-tech has two features, namely formal logic and mathematics. That is to say, they use formal logic to build the theoretical system, which requires that the principles of the medical science and technology are defined clearly in concept, the reasoning is rigorous and logical and its mathematics requires its pursuit of precision in the work, and a mathematical language to reveal the internal relations between the present images. Medical technology for tissue damage mild disease is often unchecked, when the patient’s own symptoms and feelings are often more accurate than the instrument. Inspired by this, this paper integrates the deep learning model to construct the intelligent diagnostic system. The gray relation is designed to improve the traditional CNN model and the revised algorithms also combine the sensitive data analysis framework. At the meanwhile, application scenario on the professional sports club social responsibility is demonstrated. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of the designed system. The diagnostic accuracy has reached 98.38% which performs better compared with the other state-of-the-art methodologies.

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Fang, Ruiming, Minling Wu, Rongyan Shang, and Changqing Peng. "Failure Prediction of Wind Turbines Using Improved Gray Relation Analysis Based Support Vector Machine Method." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 9 (2016): 5887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.5502.

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Wang, Guo-Qiang, Song-Tao Hu, Guo-Feng Zeng, Feng Ye, and Wen-Li Zu. "Gray relational analysis between the maglev-structural deformation and construction parameters of the shield tunnel crossing the shanghai maglev protected area." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 4 (2018): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201844146-156.

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Background: Shanghai Maglev Demonstration Line is the only commercial high-speed maglev train line in the world, which has multiple functions such as transportation, exhibition, tourism and sightseeing. Besides, Shanghai Maglev Demonstration Line has been in operation for 15 years, and has been operating safely and punctually. Maglev protected area are located within 30 meters of the left and right sides of the Shanghai Maglev Demonstration Line and unrelated persons are not allowed to enter the area. When there were external construction invading the protected area, it is neccessary to do the comprehensive technical monitoring and protection. Without similar project to refer to, Metro Line 13 traversing Shanghai Maglev Line was a big challenge. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to do the comprehensive technical monitoring. Finding the relation between the maglev deformation and shield construction parameters was an important part of the monitoring. Aim: This thesis aimed at finding the relation between the maglev deformation and shield construction parameters and controlling the maglev deformation in the crossing of Metro Line 13, thus guiding the shield construction. Methods: This thesis calculated the gray relation between the maglev deformation and shield construction parameters from the cause of deformation of the maglev by the gray relation analysis. Results: The construction parameters optimization and the sensitivity control are carried out. Meanwhile, combined with the measured results of deformation monitoring, the multi means parallel monitoring data are analyzed synthetically and the data are checked, and the construction parameters are adjusted reasonably to make the pier column deformation in the controllable permissible range, having ensured the safe operation of the maglev. Conclusion: The calculation results has provided a reference for realizing active control on the influence of shield construction on the maglev and has remedied the defect that could only use deformation monitoring but could not control the deformation actively in the past work. The gray relational analysis has a certain effect on controlling the influence of shield construction on surrounding structures and has certain reference significance for subsequent similar projects.

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Yuan, Dan, and Guanwei Jang. "Coupling Coordination Relationship between Tourism Industry and Ecological Civilization: A Case Study of Guangdong Province in China." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010092.

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Ecological civilization has a significant role in the sustainable development of the regional tourism industry. The high dependence of tourism on ecological civilization contributes to the complex interaction between the two. How to coordinate the relationship between tourism and ecological civilization has affected the sustainable development and ecological civilization strategy of Guangdong Province and even the whole of China. Previous quantitative research on the coupling and coordination of the two has certain limitations. One limitation is the lack of dynamic prediction. In this paper, an evaluation index system of the relationship between tourism and ecological civilization is constructed. Quantitative methodologies such as entropy-weight, gray relation analysis, and obstacle degree are integrated. Meanwhile, the gray model (GM), GM (1,1) model is used for prediction. The data sample is based on the years 2005 to 2021 in Guangdong Province, China. The main results are as follows: (1) Tourism and ecological civilization both rise slowly from a low starting point. Affected by the epidemic, tourism declines rapidly in 2020 and rises slowly in 2021, but it still lags behind ecological civilization. Both continue a slow upward trend over the next decade. (2) The degree of coupling coordination has undergone a fluctuating evolution from moderate disorder to mild coordination and falls back to the barely coordination stage from 2020 to 2021. In the next decade, the coupling coordination between the two will be gradually optimized. The coupling coordination degree will be greater than 0.8 having entered a benign coordination stage in 2028; (3) The gray relation and obstacle factors show different dynamics. High gray relation comes from the ecological civilization. Partial factors are still in the region with high gray relation and high obstacle degree. The results of this paper are expected to contribute to a more appropriate ecotourism model and provide some enlightenment for implementing the effectively coordinated sustainable development of tourism and ecological civilization in Guangdong Province, China, as well as those areas with the same industrial characteristics.

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Khan, Muhammad Sajjad Ali, Saleem Abdullah, and Peide Lui. "Gray Method for Multiple Attribute Decision Making with Incomplete Weight Information under the Pythagorean Fuzzy Setting." Journal of Intelligent Systems 29, no. 1 (2018): 858–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2018-0099.

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Abstract In this study, we developed an approach to investigate multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problems, in which the attribute values take the form of Pythagorean fuzzy numbers whose information about attribute weights is incompletely known. First, the Pythagorean fuzzy Choquet integral geometric operator is utilized to aggregate the given decision information to obtain the overall preference value of each alternative by experts. In order to obtain the weight vector of the criteria, an optimization model based on the basic ideal of the traditional gray relational analysis method is established, and the calculation steps for solving Pythagorean fuzzy MAGDM problems with incompletely known weight information are given. The degree of gray relation between every alternative and positive-ideal solution and negative-ideal solution is calculated. Then, a relative relational degree is defined to determine the ranking order of all alternatives by calculating the degree of gray relation to both the positive-ideal solution and negative-ideal solution simultaneously. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.

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Jeon, Eun-Bee, and Min-Soo Jung. "The Effect of Satisfaction with Gray Hair Dye on Customers' Psychological Well-being and Sociality." Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology 28, no. 3 (2022): 603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52660/jksc.2022.28.3.603.

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For middle-aged people in their 40s. Due to the aging trend of the general population, the demand for a younger-looking appearance by dyeing gray hair has increased. However, there are very few studies on the effect of gray hair dyeing on the psychological well-being or sociality of middle-aged people. The purpose of this study was to examine whether satisfaction with gray hair dyeing of middle-aged people has a positive effect on their psychological well-being and sociality. The participants of this study were men and women in their 40s who have experience dyeing gray hair (n=330). Research data came from national survey commissioned by a specialized institution and conducted in a web panel method. The dependent variable was a measure of satisfaction with gray hair dyeing. The independent variables were psychological well-being and sociality. All items were measured on a Likert 5-point scale. Statistical analysis methods are one-way ANOVA and regression analysis. According to the results, the higher the satisfaction with gray hair dyeing, the higher their psychological well-being and the better their social skills. This study identified the gray hair dyeing to enhance personal happiness and psychological stability and enhance sociality. Therefore, future research in the field of beauty industry is needed in relation to gray hair dye, which can help to form a positive self-image of middle-aged people.

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Gao, Tian Bao, Wen Li Shi, and Teng Li. "Weighted Grey Relation Evaluation Model on Colliery Safety Factors." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 803–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.803.

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Aiming at the shortage of existing grey relation model, the colliery safety factor evaluation index system is built with the weighted grey relation evaluation model which combines the subjective weighting process and the objective weighting process. The analysis conclusions of the four collieries of Zao Zhuang Coal Mining Co. Ltd show that the evaluation of colliery safety factors based on the weighted grey relation evaluation can make a good division and evaluation for various colliery safety factors, and also eliminate the gray characteristics the colliery safety system owns effectively, thus it can keep evaluation results objective and reasonable.

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Abdollahi, Parvin, Muhammad Aslam, and Ahmad Ahmadi Yazdi. "Choosing the best facility layout using the combinatorial method of Gray relation analysis and nonlinear programming." Journal of Statistics and Management Systems 22, no. 6 (2019): 1143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720510.2019.1569827.

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Zhang, Ming, Junyan Yi, and Decheng Feng. "Reasonable thickness design of expressway pavement structures based on gray relation analysis of subgrade soil improvement." Science Progress 103, no. 1 (2019): 003685041987807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850419878078.

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During the design of pavement structures, determining a reasonable thickness for pavement layers is critical. When an expressway is to be built in an area with a poor soil foundation, a reasonable subgrade treatment will make the pavement more durable. However, determining the optimal thickness of subgrade treatment is a difficult task for designers. A thicker treatment means a huge cost increase for the project, whereas a thinner treatment cannot achieve significant improvement in the mechanical behavior of pavement structures. This study used the finite-element method to analyze the mechanical response of real field pavement with subgrade treatments at certain depths. The study used an orthogonal design and gray relational theory to analyze the design indicators and make a better design for the pavement structure of a field expressway. The numerical calculation index and theoretical analysis results show that the treatment depth of subgrade soil has a significant influence on the stresses in an asphalt pavement structure and the bottom tensile strains of the asphalt layers. Therefore, designing a pavement structure with equal structural strength, using a reasonable depth for the cement-treated subgrade, instead of increasing the asphalt layer’s thickness, is a more cost-effective solution.

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Wang, Shu Wen, and Te Li Su. "An Identification System for Classifying Nonwoven Quality." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.466.

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Fabric defect detection and classification plays a very import role in automatic inspection for textile. With the use of wavelet transformation and gray-level co-occurrence matrix to extract feature value of nonwoven image, then grey relational analysis of grey theory is availed to conduct the classification of uniformity of nonwoven. Of these processes, they care carried out mainly to discover uneven images for nonwoven, and proceed with classification study. Grey relation analysis can be used to find out the relation with selection feature indicators upon each factor to be studied and analyzed through some images processing through random factor sequence, and the highest relation is followed to determine the uneven images for nonwoven.

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Peng, Jian Liang. "Empirical Study on the Relevance B between Manufacturing and Logistics Based on Gray Correlation Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 1530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1530.

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The coordination development between Manufacturing and Logistics is important for a district to ensure its healthy and sustainable development. In this paper on the basis of reviewing the research achievements about the relationship between manufacturing and logistics, constructing an evaluation index system about the relationship between manufacturing and logistics, based on the grey relation analysis, an empirical analysis about the quantitative evaluation of coordinating degree between manufacturing and logistics industry in Hangzhou is given to verify the novel evaluation methodology. The results have realistic significance for the government to provide an important scientific basis.

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Zhao, Kang, Guo, Zhang, and Li. "Gray Relational Analysis Optimization for Coalbed Methane Blocks in Complex Conditions Based on a Best Worst and Entropy Method." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (2019): 5033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235033.

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The uncertainty and complexity of the geological parameters of coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs may result in the assignment of atypical exact values to a whole block. Therefore, the influence of different resources and productivity characterization indices on the development of CBM blocks was analyzed systematically in this research. Furthermore, this research reported an interval-number index evaluation system and a gray relational analysis optimization model for CBM development. The weights of the evaluation indices were determined by combining the entropy method and the best worst method (BWM) with the objective deviation law of the data and the subjective experience of experts. Based on the gray system theory, a multi-index gray relational analysis optimization model was established to evaluate the interval values and optimize the development potential of CBM blocks with complex geological conditions. The results show that the order of importance of the eight resources and reservoir evaluation indices, from highest to lowest, is permeability, reservoir pressure gradient, gas content, reservoir thickness, reservoir depth, critical reservoir ratio, Young’s modulus, and reservoir temperature. The order of the target blocks, from most to least optimal, is the Sanjiao block, Fanzhuang-Zhengzhuang block, Daning-Jixian block, Gujiao block, and Fengrun block. The evaluation results are consistent with actual conditions. Thus, the multi-index gray relation analysis optimization model, on account of the gray system theory, is feasible for the development evaluation of CBM blocks under complex conditions. This model is suitable for the CBM blocks in the range of 547 km2~675 km2. When using this model, the index values must be representative and accurate.

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Hao, Jingxian, Runjun Sun, Qiushi Wang, Shuo Gao, and Min Chen. "Effect of fiber materials on the thermal and moisture comfort properties of socks." Thermal Science 25, no. 3 Part B (2021): 2303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200601118h.

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In this study, the influence of fiber materials on socks? thermal and moisture comfort properties is explored. The main factor affecting the properties are obtained experimentally and evaluated by the gray relation analysis. Fibrilia fabric is the best candidate for sock?s material due to its high air permeability and good moisture absorption.

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Li, Ai Hua, and Wei Tao Li. "Comprehensive Evaluation on the Level of Central Plains Agglomeration Urbanization." Advanced Materials Research 598 (November 2012): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.598.152.

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From the perspective of the Central Plains Agglomeration for a representation, comprehensive evaluation on urbanization level of all cities in Central Plain Agglomeration was carried out by using gray relation analysis, receive the ranking about urbanization level of all cities in Central Plains Agglomeration, find out the weakness and take measures for them.

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Manniesing, Rashindra, Christoph Brune, Bram van Ginneken, and Mathias Prokop. "A 4D CT digital phantom of an individual human brain for perfusion analysis." PeerJ 4 (November 30, 2016): e2683. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2683.

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Brain perfusion is of key importance to assess brain function. Modern CT scanners can acquire perfusion maps of the cerebral parenchymain vivoat submillimeter resolution. These perfusion maps give insights into the hemodynamics of the cerebral parenchyma and are critical for example for treatment decisions in acute stroke. However, the relations between acquisition parameters, tissue attenuation curves, and perfusion values are still poorly understood and cannot be unraveled by studies involving humans because of ethical concerns. We present a 4D CT digital phantom specific for an individual human brain to analyze these relations in a bottom-up fashion. Validation of the signal and noise components was based on 1,000 phantom simulations of 20 patient imaging data. This framework was applied to quantitatively assess the relation between radiation dose and perfusion values, and to quantify the signal-to-noise ratios of penumbra regions with decreasing sizes in white and gray matter. This is the first 4D CT digital phantom that enables to address clinical questions without having to expose the patient to additional radiation dose.

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CHAIKOVSKA, Inna. "APPLICATION OF THE METHOT OF GRAY RELATION ANALYSIS FOR THE FORMATION OF COMPLEX ASSESSMENT AND DETERMINATION OF THE MATURITY OF THE ENTERPRISE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 304, no. 2(1) (2022): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-304-2(1)-3.

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The economic-mathematical model of formation of complex estimation and definition of level of risk of system of management of knowledge of the enterprise with use of the gray relational analysis and a method of the analysis of hierarchies is developed in work. An enterprise knowledge management system, an example of a “gray” system, is usually a variant of “black”, in which all criteria are fuzzy, and “white”, in any there is a complete set of data on criteria and constraints, are between them and is a system. with incomplete description. The proposed model consists of the following stages: problem statement; determination of criteria and indicators of knowledge management system; evaluation of indicators of the knowledge management system (in numerical form and in linguistic terms) and determination of their reference values; preliminary data processing (reduction of all indicators to one order); calculation of gray relational classes (determination of gray relational coefficients; determination of weight coefficients; determination of gray relational classes); construction of a matrix of estimates; formation of a comprehensive assessment of the knowledge management system of enterprises; determining the maturity of the enterprise for knowledge management; interpretation of the obtained results. Three general criteria and 43 indicators (in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics) were selected: People (11 indicators), Technology (9 indicators), Processes (23 indicators). Criterion Processes include blocks: Learning (2 indicators), Innovation (5 indicators), Innovation processes (7 indicators), Innovation cooperation (2 indicators), Core activity (7 indicators). The model consists of constituent elements (people, technologies, processes), levels (individual, group, organizational, inter-organizational), stages (phases) of knowledge management (Formation – accumulation, exchange – generation – storage and documentation – use – result of knowledge management) and allows the interaction of the level of maturity of the enterprise for knowledge management. The weights of the criteria and indicators of knowledge management of the enterprise analysis of the definition system occur using the method of hierarchy (pairwise comparison method). The practical implementation of the model was implemented for public utilities of Ukraine. The developed model is universal and can be used for enterprises of different spheres of activity to comprehensively assess the knowledge management system in comparison with the benchmark enterprise, determine the level of maturity of the enterprise with management and identify problems of effective management decisions to improve competitiveness.

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Taki, Ensiyeh, Habib Allah Mirghafoori, and Ali Morovvati Sharifabadi. "Analysis of the Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction in Steel Industry by Integrated Approach of Gray Relation Analysis and Fuzzy VIKOR." Asian Journal of Research in Banking and Finance 5, no. 5 (2015): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7323.2015.00066.8.

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Tian, Xin Li, Jian Quan Wang, Bao Guo Zhang, and Fu Qiang Li. "Research on Predicting Model of Surface Roughness for Ground Engineering Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1036–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1036.

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Grinding is the mostly leading machining technology for engineering ceramics. The quality of ground surface can be evaluated by various roughness parameters. And a textural analysis method based on Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix was employed in researching the roughness of ground ceramics. The relationship between texture features and roughness was investigated through a series of surface images of engineering ceramics collected by a digital microscope. The sampling offset and total gray levels of surface images were determined firstly. Then 4 GLCMs were built up to calculate the average of texture features. And 6 parameters were fixed as main texture parameters. Furthermore, the multiple nonlinear regression theory was used to assess the relation between the texture features and roughness Ra. By statistic test and comparison, the deviation of calculated Ra and actual Ra is less than 0.25. It is shown that this relation is much satisfactory and the method may be suitable for quickly measuring the roughness of ground ceramics.

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Venkatesh, B., Mudassir Khan, Bayan Alabduallah, et al. "Design Optimization of Counter-Flow Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger Using Hybrid Optimization Algorithm." Processes 11, no. 6 (2023): 1674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11061674.

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Double-pipe counter-flow heat exchangers are considered more suitable for heat recovery in the heat transfer industry. Numerous studies have been conducted to develop static tools for optimizing operating parameters of heat exchangers. Using this study, an improved heat exchanger system will be developed. This is frequently used to solve optimization problems and find optimal solutions. The Taguchi method determines the critical factor affecting a specific performance parameter of the heat exchanger by identifying the significant level of the factor affecting that parameter. Gray relational analysis was adopted to determine the gray relational grade to represent the multi-factor optimization model, and the heat exchanger gray relation coefficient target values that were predicted have been achieved using ANN with a back propagation model with the Levenberg–Marquardt drive algorithm. The genetic algorithm improved the accuracy of the gray relational grade by assigning gray relational coefficient values as input to the developed effective parameter. This study also demonstrated significant differences between experimental and estimated values. According to the results, selecting the parameters yielded optimal heat exchanger performance. Using a genetic algorithm to solve a double-pipe heat exchanger with counterflow can produce the most efficient heat exchanger.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gray Relation Analysis'

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