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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Great Britain. 2003 March 31

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Great Britain. 2003 March 31"

1

Bull, Stephanie A., Alastair Thomas, Thomas Humphrey, Johanne Ellis-Iversen, Alasdair J. Cook, Roger Lovell, and Frieda Jorgensen. "Flock Health Indicators and Campylobacter spp. in Commercial Housed Broilers Reared in Great Britain." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 17 (July 18, 2008): 5408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00462-08.

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ABSTRACT This study investigated the relationship between flock health and Campylobacter infection of housed commercial broilers in Great Britain. Thirty ceca were collected at slaughter from batches of broilers from 789 flocks, at either full or partial depopulation, between December 2003 and March 2006 and examined individually for Campylobacter by direct plating onto selective media. Management and health data were collected from each flock and included information on mortality or culling during rearing, the number of birds rejected for infectious or noninfectious causes at slaughter, the proportion of birds with digital dermatitis (also termed hock burn), and other general characteristics of the flock. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 280 (35%) flocks. The relationship between bird health and welfare and Campylobacter status of flocks was assessed using random-effects logistic regression models, adjusting for region, month, year, and rearing regime. Campylobacter-positive batches of ceca were associated with higher levels of rejection due to infection (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI95%], 0.98 to 2.30) and digital dermatitis (OR, 2.08; CI95%, 1.20 to 3.61). Furthermore, higher levels of these conditions were also associated with the highest-level category of within-flock Campylobacter prevalence (70 to 100%). These results could indicate that improving health and welfare may also reduce Campylobacter in broilers.

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2

Huskie, Christine F. "The craniofacial society of Great Britain Report of the annual scientific meeting held in London on 31 March/1 April 1989." British Journal of Plastic Surgery 43, no. 1 (January 1990): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-1226(90)90059-9.

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3

TULLOCH, J. S. P., L. MCGINLEY, F. SÁNCHEZ-VIZCAÍNO, J. M. MEDLOCK, and A. D. RADFORD. "The passive surveillance of ticks using companion animal electronic health records." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 10 (May 2, 2017): 2020–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817000826.

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SUMMARYTicks represent a large global reservoir of zoonotic disease. Current surveillance systems can be time and labour intensive. We propose that the passive surveillance of companion animal electronic health records (EHRs) could provide a novel methodology for describing temporal and spatial tick activity. A total of 16 58 857 EHRs were collected over a 2-year period (31 March 2014 and 29 May 2016) from companion animals attending a large sentinel network of 192 veterinary clinics across Great Britain (the Small Animal Veterinary Surveillance Network – SAVSNET). In total, 2180 EHRs were identified where a tick was recorded on an animal. The relative risk of dogs presenting with a tick compared with cats was 0·73 (95% confidence intervals 0·67–0·80). The highest number of tick records were in the south central regions of England. The presence of ticks showed marked seasonality with summer peaks, and a secondary smaller peak in autumn for cats; ticks were still being found throughout most of Great Britain during the winter. This suggests that passive surveillance of companion animal EHRs can describe tick activity temporally and spatially in a large cohort of veterinary clinics across Great Britain. These results and methodology could help inform veterinary and public health messages as well as increase awareness of ticks and tick-borne diseases in the general population.

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4

Khesin, Yefim S. "The Impact of the Brexit on the Living Standards and Quality of Life in Britain." Level of Life of the Population of the Regions of Russia 16, no. 2 (2020): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr/2020.16.2.5.

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The Object of the Study. Living standards and quality of life of the population in Great Britain. The Subject of the Study. The Brexit. The Purpose of the Study is exposing the impact of the Brexit on the living standards and quality of life in the country. The Main Provisions of the Article. Following a June 2016 referendum on continued European Union membership in which 52% voted to leave and 48% voted to stay the UK government announced the country's withdrawal from the EC (Brexit). In March 2017 it formally began the withdrawal process. The withdrawal was delayed by deadlock in the UK parliament. Having failed to get her agreement with the EC approved, Theresa May resigned as Prime Minister in July 2019 and was succeeded by Boris Johnson, an active supporter of the Brexit. An early general election was then held on 12 December. The Conservatives won a large majority. As a result, the parliament ratified the withdrawal agreement, and the UK formally left the EU on 31 January 2020. This began a transition period that is set to end on 31 December 2020, during which the UK and EU will negotiate their future relationship. The first round of negotiations between London and Brussels began in March 2020. The author investigates the consequences of the withdrawal of Great Britain from the EC on the living standards and quality of life, economic situation, labour market, social policy of the government. in this country. It analyzes on the impact of the Brexit on the major elements of human capital: education, science, health, living conditions, ecology. It found that short-term forecasts of what would happen immediately after the Brexit referendum were too pessimistic. Nowadays it is very difficult to give an accurate estimate of the future effect of the Brexit on cost of living in Great Britain – many essential issues in the relations between the UK and the EC remain open. Besides, the coronavirus crisis and lockdown measures may cause the grave damage to growth and jobs. Much evidence shows that in the medium- and long-term leaving the European Union damage the British economy and thus reduce the UK's real per-capita income level and may adversely affect jobs and earnings, income and wealth, life expectancy, education and skills, academic research, health status, environmental quality and subjective well-being in the UK. Finally, the author analyses the impact on the economic and social life in Great Britain of different Brexit scenarios after the end of the transition period. The consequences will differ sharply depending on whether the UK does a Soft or Hard (no deal) Brexit.

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5

Draycott, R. A. H., M. I. A. Woodburn, D. E. Ling, and R. B. Sage. "The effect of an indirect anthelmintic treatment on parasites and breeding success of free-living pheasantsPhasianus colchicus." Journal of Helminthology 80, no. 4 (December 2006): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/joh2006367.

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AbstractIn Great Britain free-living common pheasantsPhasianus colchicusare often managed at high densities owing to their popularity as a quarry species. They are prone to infection by a range of parasite species includingHeterakis gallinarum,Capillariaspp. andSyngamus trachea. In 1995 the efficacy of an indirect anthelmintic technique for controlling parasitic worm burdens of pheasants was determined in a pilot study on a shooting estate in the south of England. Between 2000 and 2003 a large-scale field experiment was conducted on nine estates in eastern England to determine the effect of the technique on parasite burden and pheasant breeding success. In the absence of anthelmintic treatment worm burdens increased rapidly through March and April, whereas birds given anthelmintic-treated grain had lower worm burdens during the same period. The breeding success of pheasants was significantly higher on plots provided with anthelmintic treatment, although no long-term increases in population densities were observed. The burdens of the most common parasiteH. gallinarumwere significantly lower in pheasants from treatment plots six weeks after the anthelmintic treatment had ceased, but spring treatment did not influence parasite burden in the following winter.

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6

ROCHA, PEDRO, MANUEL B. MORALES, and FRANCISCO MOREIRA. "Nest site habitat selection and nesting performance of the Great Bustard Otis tarda in southern Portugal: implications for conservation." Bird Conservation International 23, no. 3 (July 16, 2012): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270912000202.

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SummaryWe present results on breeding parameters, nesting performance and nest habitat selection of the globally threatened Great Bustard Otis tarda, gathered during a 3-year study in Castro Verde (southern Portugal). A total of 107 nests were located. The estimated average onset of laying was 22 April (SD = 12 days, n = 8). The incubation period ranged from 25 March to 15 June. Nearly 95% of females incubated between 1 April and 31 May. Mean clutch size was 2.12 (SD = 0.69, n = 86), showing no significant inter-annual differences. There was no significant relationship between clutch size and average nest finding date, although, on average, nests were found later each year. Hatching occurred between 21 April and 26 June. The estimated proportion of eggs hatched per nest (hatching percentage) was 87.5% in 2002 (n = 8), 64.0% in 2003 (n = 33) and 75.8% in 2004 (n = 33). Overall nesting success for the three years was 71% (n = 107). The main causes of nesting failure were agricultural activities, mainly ploughing and harvesting, followed by corvid predation. Nests were spatially aggregated up to 800–1,500 m. At larger scales, the spatial distribution of nests can be considered random or uniform. Females showed a clear preference for nesting in cereal fields, followed by young fallows, old fallows, ploughed fields and then other habitats, although the intensity of selection of particular habitats varied between years. Nests were associated with both cereals and fallows, thus aggregating where those habitat types occurred within the study area. These results provide the first complete description of the nesting process in a Great Bustard population, as well as important cues to the assessment of conservation measures implemented in Castro Verde, an area holding around 80% of the Portuguese population of this species (application of EU agri-environmental schemes, power line signalling, water-point provision in dry years).

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7

Yuan, Huiling, Xiaogang Gao, Steven L. Mullen, Soroosh Sorooshian, Jun Du, and Hann-Ming Henry Juang. "Calibration of Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts with an Artificial Neural Network." Weather and Forecasting 22, no. 6 (December 1, 2007): 1287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007waf2006114.1.

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Abstract A feed-forward neural network is configured to calibrate the bias of a high-resolution probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecast (PQPF) produced by a 12-km version of the NCEP Regional Spectral Model (RSM) ensemble forecast system. Twice-daily forecasts during the 2002–2003 cool season (1 November–31 March, inclusive) are run over four U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) hydrologic unit regions of the southwest United States. Calibration is performed via a cross-validation procedure, where four months are used for training and the excluded month is used for testing. The PQPFs before and after the calibration over a hydrological unit region are evaluated by comparing the joint probability distribution of forecasts and observations. Verification is performed on the 4-km stage IV grid, which is used as “truth.” The calibration procedure improves the Brier score (BrS), conditional bias (reliability) and forecast skill, such as the Brier skill score (BrSS) and the ranked probability skill score (RPSS), relative to the sample frequency for all geographic regions and most precipitation thresholds. However, the procedure degrades the resolution of the PQPFs by systematically producing more forecasts with low nonzero forecast probabilities that drive the forecast distribution closer to the climatology of the training sample. The problem of degrading the resolution is most severe over the Colorado River basin and the Great Basin for relatively high precipitation thresholds where the sample of observed events is relatively small.

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8

Yuan, Huiling, Steven L. Mullen, Xiaogang Gao, Soroosh Sorooshian, Jun Du, and Hann-Ming Henry Juang. "Short-Range Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts over the Southwest United States by the RSM Ensemble System." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 1685–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3373.1.

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Abstract The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Regional Spectral Model (RSM) is used to produce twice-daily (0000 and 1200 UTC), high-resolution ensemble forecasts to 24 h. The forecasts are performed at an equivalent horizontal grid spacing of 12 km for the period 1 November 2002 to 31 March 2003 over the southwest United States. The performance of 6-h accumulated precipitation is assessed for 32 U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic catchments. Multiple accuracy and skill measures are used to evaluate probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts. NCEP stage-IV precipitation analyses are used as “truth,” with verification performed on the stage-IV 4-km grid. The RSM ensemble exhibits a ubiquitous wet bias. The bias manifests itself in areal coverage, frequency of occurrence, and total accumulated precipitation over every region and during every 6-h period. The biases become particularly acute starting with the 1800–0000 UTC interval, which leads to a spurious diurnal cycle and the 1200 UTC cycle being more adversely affected than the 0000 UTC cycle. Forecast quality and value exhibit marked variability over different hydrologic regions. The forecasts are highly skillful along coastal California and the windward slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, but they generally lack skill over the Great Basin and the Colorado basin except over mountain peaks. The RSM ensemble is able to discriminate precipitation events and provide useful guidance to a wide range of users over most regions of California, which suggests that mitigation of the conditional biases through statistical postprocessing would produce major improvements in skill.

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9

Rogers, Nina T., Christine Power, and Snehal M. Pinto Pereira. "Child maltreatment, early life socioeconomic disadvantage and all-cause mortality in mid-adulthood: findings from a prospective British birth cohort." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (September 2021): e050914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050914.

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ObjectivesEarly-life adversities (ELAs) such as child maltreatment (neglect and abuse) and socioeconomic disadvantage have been associated with adult mortality. However, evidence is sparse for specific types of ELA. We aimed to establish whether specific ELAs (ie, different types of child maltreatment and socioeconomic disadvantage) were associated independently with all-cause mortality in mid-adulthood and to examine potential intermediary pathways.DesignProspective cohort study.Setting1958 British birth cohort: a longitudinal, population-based sample of individuals born in Great Britain during a single week in March 1958.Participants9310 males and females with data on child maltreatment and mortality (44/45–58 years).Outcome measuresMortality follow-up from 2002/2003 to 2016 when participants were aged 44/45–58 years. Death was ascertained via the NHS Central Register (N=296) or cohort maintenance activities (N=16).ResultsPrevalence of ELAs ranged from 1.6% (sexual abuse) to 11% (psychological abuse). Several, but not all, ELAs were associated with increased risk of premature death, independent of covariates and other adversities; adjusted HRs were 2.64 (95% CI 1.52 to 4.59) for sexual abuse, 1.93 (95% CI 1.45 to 2.58) for socioeconomic disadvantage, 1.73 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.71) for physical abuse and 1.43 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.98) for neglect. After adjustment for covariates and other adversities, no associations with mortality were observed for psychological and witnessing abuse. Regarding potential intermediaries (including adult socioeconomic factors, behaviours, adiposity, mental health and cardiometabolic markers), most associations attenuated after accounting for adult health behaviours (particularly smoking). In addition, early-life socioeconomic disadvantage and neglect associations attenuated after accounting for adult socioeconomic factors. The association for sexual abuse and premature mortality was largely unaffected by potential intermediaries.ConclusionsAssociations with premature mortality varied by type of ELA: associations for sexual and physical abuse, neglect and socioeconomic disadvantage were independent of each other. Different types of ELAs could influence premature mortality via different pathways; this requires further research.

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10

Tong, D. Q., M. Dan, T. Wang, and P. Lee. "An observation-based approach to identify local natural dust events from routine aerosol ground monitoring." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (February 7, 2012): 4279–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-4279-2012.

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Abstract. Dust is a major component of atmospheric aerosols in many parts of the world. Although there exist many routine aerosol monitoring networks, it is often difficult to obtain dust records from these networks, because these monitors are either deployed far away from dust active regions (most likely collocated with dense population) or contaminated by anthropogenic sources and other natural sources, such as wildfires and vegetation detritus. Here we propose a new approach to identify local dust events relying solely on aerosol mass and composition from general-purpose aerosol measurements. Through analyzing the chemical and physical characteristics of aerosol observations during satellite-detected dust episodes, we select five indicators to be used to identify local dust records: (1) high PM10 concentrations; (2) low PM2.5/PM10 ratio; (3) higher concentrations and percentage of crustal elements; (4) lower percentage of anthropogenic pollutants; and (5) low enrichment factors of anthropogenic elements. After establishing these identification criteria, we conduct hierarchical cluster analysis for all validated aerosol measurement data over 68 IMPROVE sites in the Western United States. A total of 182 local dust events were identified over 30 of the 68 locations from 2000 to 2007. These locations are either close to the four US Deserts, namely the Great Basin Desert, the Mojave Desert, the Sonoran Desert, and the Chihuahuan Desert, or in the high wind power region (Colorado). During the eight-year study period, the total number of dust events displays an interesting four-year activity cycle (one in 2000–2003 and the other in 2004–2007). The years of 2003, 2002 and 2007 are the three most active dust periods, with 46, 31 and 24 recorded dust events, respectively, while the years of 2000, 2004 and 2005 are the calmest periods, all with single digit dust records. Among these deserts, the Chihuahua Desert (59 cases) and the Sonoran Desert (62 cases) are by far the most active source regions. In general, the Chihuahua Desert dominates dust activities in the first half of the eight-year period while the Sonoran Desert in the second half. The monthly frequency of dust events shows a peak from March to July and a second peak in autumn from September to November. The large quantity of dust events occurring in summertime also suggests the prevailing impact of windblown dust across the year. This seasonal variation is consistent with previous model simulations over the United States.

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Books on the topic "Great Britain. 2003 March 31"

1

U.S.-U.K. extradition treaty: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, July 21, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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Equal Opportunities Commission for Northern Ireland. Report on the implementation of the Section 75 Statutory duties, 1st April 2002 - 31 March 2003. Belfast: Equality Commission for Northern Ireland, 2004.

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Great Britain. Northern Ireland Office. HPSS superannuation scheme resource accounts for the year ended 31 March 2003: Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Northern ireland, in accordance with article 2(2)(a) of the Northern Ireland Act 2000 (Prescribed Documents) Order 2002, 13 November 2003. London: Stationery Office, 2003.

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United States. President (2001- : Bush) and United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations, eds. Extradition treaty with United Kingdom: Message from the President of the United States transmitting extradition treaty between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and related exchanges of letters, signed at Washington on March 31, 2003. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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Middlebrook, Martin. The Nuremberg raid: 30-31 March 1944. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986.

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Middlebrook, Martin. The Nuremberg raid: 30-31 March 1944. London: Cassell, 2000.

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Relations, United States Congress Senate Committee on Foreign. Extradition treaty between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Treaty doc. 108-23): Report (to accompany Treaty doc. 108-23). [Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.

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Middlebrook, Martin. The Nuremberg raid, 30-31 March 1944. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Aviation, 2009.

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New, Zealand Delegation (Westminster Parliamentary Seminar (52th :. 2003 :. London England)). Report by the New Zealand delegate to the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association 52nd Westminster Parliamentary Seminar held in the United Kingdom, 4-15 March 2003. [Wellington, N.Z.]: House of Representatives, 2003.

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English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting. Account 1995-96: Account, prepared pursuant to section 20(1) of the Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors Act 1979 of the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting for the year ended 31 March 1996, together with the Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General thereon. London: The Stationery Office, 1996.

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