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Journal articles on the topic 'Great Britain – Commercial policy – History'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

SUONPÄÄ, MIKA. "FINANCIAL SPECULATION, POLITICAL RISKS, AND LEGAL COMPLICATIONS: BRITISH COMMERCIAL DIPLOMACY IN THE BALKANS, c. 1906–1914." Historical Journal 55, no. 1 (2012): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x11000537.

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ABSTRACTBefore 1914, a more intimate relationship started to develop between overseas commercial activity and foreign policy. This occurred as a consequence of the politicization of international business relations that came about when other great powers began increasingly to challenge Britain's global commercial, political, and imperial supremacy. Britain had traditionally followed alaissez-faireline when it came to supporting or protecting British overseas business enterprise. In the mid-1880s, Britain was compelled to review its policy. After this, the British government was prepared to off

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2

Grossman, Richard S. "The Shoe That Didn't Drop: Explaining Banking Stability During the Great Depression." Journal of Economic History 54, no. 3 (1994): 654–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700015072.

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This article attempts to account for the exceptional stability exhibited by the banking systems of Britain, Canada, and ten other countries during the Great Depression. It considers three possible explanations of stability—the structure of the commercial banking system, macroeconomic policy and performance, and lender of last resort behavior—employing data from 25 countries across Europe and North America. The results suggest that macroeconomic policy—especially exchange-rate policy—and banking structure, but not lenders of last resort, were systematically responsible for banking stability.

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Cuenca-Esteban, Javier. "Statistics of Spain's Colonial Trade, 1747–1820: New Estimates and Comparisons with Great Britain." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 26, no. 3 (2008): 323–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610900000379.

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AbstractNew estimates of Spain's current-account balance with the «Indies» add new perspectives to the recent debate on the aims and results of Spanish commercial policy. At the height of «comercio libre» in 1784–92, Spain's private commercial interests appear to have drawn larger financial returns from the Indies than did their British counterparts from wider colonial engagement. On this as on other scores, by the eve of the French wars the Spanish empire appears to have become a sounder economic proposition than might be inferred from recent pessimistic views. The empire's subsequent demise

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Devereux, David R. "State Versus Private Ownership: The Conservative Governments and British Civil Aviation 1951–62." Albion 27, no. 1 (1995): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0095139000018536.

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Studies of post-1945 Britain have often concentrated upon political and foreign policy history and are only just now beginning to address the question of the restructuring of the British economy and domestic policy. Civil aviation, a subject of considerable interest to historians of interwar Britain, has not been given a similar degree of attention in the post-1945 era. Civil aviation policy was, however, given a very high priority by both the 1945-51 Labour government and its Conservative successors. Civil aviation represented part of the effort to return Britain to a peacetime economy by tra

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Becuwe, Stéphane, Bertrand Blancheton, and Christopher M. Meissner. "The French (Trade) Revolution of 1860: Intra-Industry Trade and Smooth Adjustment." Journal of Economic History 81, no. 3 (2021): 688–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050721000371.

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The Cobden-Chevalier treaty of 1860 eliminated French import prohibitions and lowered tariffs between France and Great Britain. The policy change was largely unexpected and unusually free from direct lobbying. A series of commercial treaties with other nations followed. Post-1860, we find a significant rise in French intra-industry trade. Sectors that liberalized more experienced higher two-way trade. Our findings are consistent with the idea that trade liberalization led to “smooth adjustment” that avoided costly inter-sectoral re-allocations of factors.

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Petrov, A. Yu, A. N. Ermolaev, and M. M. Koskina. "The genesis of the struggle for colonys in the North Pacific region." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical studies 10, no. 1 (37) (2023): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2023.10(1).95-106.

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The article is devoted to the origins of the struggle for colonies in the north of the Pacific Ocean in the context of the interaction between Russia, Great Britain and Spain in the 18th century, up to the voyage of J. Cook to the shores of Alaska. The activity of the European powers, which was associated with the discovery and colonization in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, is considered. The history of the colonization of these territories is shown, as well as expeditions are studied. The article proves that the North Pacific has long attracted the attention of the powers of Europe.

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Vasileva, Anna Y. "On the issue of the British presence in Egypt: the business of “Thomas Cook and Son” in the assessment of contemporaries (the last third of the 19th century)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 191 (2021): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2021-26-191-224-232.

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The purpose of the study is to determine how the development of the tourism business of Thomas Cook and Son in the Nile Valley influenced the perception and assessment of contemporaries of the British presence in Egypt at the end of the 19th century. The relevance of the analyzed problem lies in the fact that the study of the history of tourism in the era of New imperialism allows us to supplement our understanding of the representations of the empire and private busi-ness and their mutual influence. It is substantiated that, according to the views of contemporaries, the activities of the comp

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Leboissetier, Léa. "‘Johnny Onions!’: Seasonal Pedlars from Brittany and their Good Reputation in Great Britain (1870s–1970s)." Journal of Migration History 7, no. 2 (2021): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00702001.

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Abstract The Onion Johnnies were a group of French seasonal migrants and door-to-door traders who travelled to Britain from the mid-nineteenth to the late twentieth centuries. This article explores their surprisingly good reputation among the British population and authorities: while pedlars were often conflated with tramps, suspicious aliens or disreputable individuals by the police, the Johnnies’ reliance on established familial and commercial networks meant they benefited from a positive stereotype. While hawking was generally perceived as an anachronistic and unrewarding occupation, French

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Mergel, Thomas. "Americanization, European Styles or National Codes? The Culture of Election Campaigning in Western Europe, 1945–1990." East Central Europe 36, no. 2 (2009): 254–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633009x411520.

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AbstractThe culture of election campaigning in postwar Western Europe allegedly has been shaped by a process of Americanization. In terms of political communication, Americanization has four distinct features: proximity of political marketing to commercial marketing, personalization and professionalization of campaigns, and media centered strategies. Based on an analyses of some European cultures of electioneering – Germany, Great Britain, and Italy – the main thesis of the paper is that the shared features are only to a smaller degree the results of American influences, but rather parallel tr

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10

Gordon, Leonard H. D. "Taiwan and the Limits of British Power, 1868." Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 2 (1988): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00000950.

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When the treaty system between the western powers and China was firmly established in 1860, a new ‘cooperative’ approach emerged in Great Britain's commercial and diplomatic transactions. British authorities believed that a conciliatory manner would bring greater gain in fostering British commercial and developmental interests in China rather than aggressive demands. The treaty system, they envisioned, would bring stability and reason to what had been an arbitrary and often combative relationship. After nearly a decade of trial under the new system, two disturbing incidents occurred on Taiwan

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Gosseye, Janina. "The Janus-Faced Shopping Center: The Low Countries in Search of a Fitting Shopping Paradigm." Journal of Urban History 44, no. 5 (2016): 862–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144216641374.

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When in the mid-1950s, the shopping center typology reached the Low Countries, it confronted governments, policy makers, architects, and planners with the question of how to introduce and adapt this novel commercial typology to the local context. To respond to this question, several “missions” were organized to study this phenomenon abroad. The conclusion was that two distinct shopping center paradigms existed: the American model, as it could be observed in the United States and Canada, and the European model, as it had emerged in Sweden, France, and Great Britain. This article investigates wh

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Miloiu, Silviu-Marian. "Editorial foreword." Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 2, no. 2 (2010): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v2i2_1.

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This issue of Revista Română pentru Studii Baltice şi Nordice [The Romanian Journal of Baltic and Nordic Studies, RRSBN] crowns a year of steady progress in terms of number and quality of the programs and actions run by The Romanian Association for Baltic and Nordic Studies (ARSBN). The highlights of this year have been the first international conference for Baltic and Nordic Studies in Romania entitled Romania and Lithuania in the Interwar International Relations: Bonds, Intersections and Encounters, the opening of the exhibition dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the establishment of the R

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Podolsky, Vadim. "History of the social policy in the United Kingdom." Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost, no. 5 (2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086904990016102-4.

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In the XVII century Great Britain became the first country in the world with a full-scale system of social support, which was regulated at the state level. The “Old Poor Law” of 1601 and the “New Poor Law” of 1834 are well-studied in both foreign and Russian science, but the solutions that preceded them are less known. The aim of this study is to describe the development of social policy in Great Britain up to 1834, when the system of assistance to people in need was redesigned according to the liberal logic of minimal interference of the state. The article is based on comparative and historic

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İlqar oğlu İlyasov, Mirpaşa. "Foreign policy of Great Britain in modern period." SCIENTIFIC WORK 77, no. 4 (2022): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/77/232-236.

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Bu məqalədə XXI əsrdə Böyük Britaniyanın xarici siyasətində strategiyaları, əsas istiqamətləri, siyasi arenada fəaliyyəti analiz ediləcək. Böyük Britaniyanın qarşısına qoyduğu məqsədlər, Avropa İttifaqından ayrılması prosesi, xarici siyasəti ilə bağlı yanaşmalar və xarici siyasətdə dövlətlərlə olan əlaqələrinin təhlil olunması aparılacaq. Brexit-ə səbəb olan amillər, Böyük Britaniyanın Avropa İttifaqından ayrılması və Brexit-nin səbəb olduğu reaksiyaların analizləri öz əksini bu yazıda tapacaq. ABŞ və Rusiya ilə olan münasibətləri, gələcək geosiyasi mənzərəsi, marağı və əməkdaşlıq etmək istədi

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15

Boyer, George R. "The Evolution of Unemployment Relief in Great Britain." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 34, no. 3 (2004): 393–433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002219504771997908.

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The history of unemployment relief in Britain from 1834 to 1911 was not a “unilinear progression in collective benevolence,” culminating in unemployment insurance. The combination of poor relief and private charity to assist cyclically unemployed workers from 1834 to 1870 was more generous, and more certain, than the relief provided for the unemployed under the various policies adopted from 1870 to 1911. A major shift in policy occurred in the 1870s, largely in response to the crisis of the Poor Law in the 1860s. Because the new policy—a combination of self-help and charity—proved unable to co

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16

Peden, G. C., Alan Booth, and Melvyn Pack. "Employment, Capital and Economic Policy: Great Britain, 1918-1939." Economic History Review 39, no. 3 (1986): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596365.

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Khodarkovsky, Michael. "The Great Game in the North Caucasus." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 49, no. 2-3 (2015): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-04902017.

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18

Miller, A. "Rupert Brooke and the Growth of Commercial Patriotism in Great Britain, 1914-1918." Twentieth Century British History 21, no. 2 (2010): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwq001.

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19

Turner, Ian. "Great Britain and the Post-War German Currency Reform." Historical Journal 30, no. 3 (1987): 685–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0002094x.

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British policy towards Germany during the period of occupation aimed at preventing a resurgence of German military might in the future, whilst ensuring stable economic conditions in the short term. By mid 1946, however, the scale of the economic problems confronting the occupying powers in Germany had already manifested itself in the reduction of food rations and the consequent falling off in the output of Ruhr coal. The fragile economy was to suffer an even greater setback during the cruel winter of 1946/7. The immediate restoration of economic activity became imperative, not least because th

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Sarvar, I.Botirov. "SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING OF CENTRAL ASIAN RESEARCHER IN GREAT BRITAIN." LOOK TO THE PAST 5, no. 9 (2022): 5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7026878.

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On this article is discussed publishing houses of the UK that publish researches in various fields of science, such as socio-political processes, public policy, religion, youth, ethnographic situation, social reforms and other areas of Central Asian countries. Along with this there is provided information about the history of the emergence of such organizations.

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21

Hryhorenko, O. "Legal regulation of some types of companies in Great Britain." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 76 (2023): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.76.1.23.

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The article "Legal regulation of some types of companies in Great Britain" is devoted to a retrospective research of commercial law in England, as well as an analysis of some modern types of companies in the United Kingdom. The commercial law background in England has a very deep history. Thus, the author pays attention to the development of trade relations in the British Empire, starting with the peculiarities of the British East India Company, a company so powerful that it once dominated almost the entire Indian subcontinent. Particular emphasis is given to the South Sea Company, essentially

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Bolshakov, A. "Regulatory Autonomy of Great Britain: Problems and Perspectives." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 7 (2021): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-7-71-79.

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Sovereignty does not imply regulatory autonomy. After Brexit, the UK should align its regulatory policy with European norms, if it is interested in close partnership with the EU. Compromises must be made by both sides in order to ensure stability of the partnership. The EU will have to acknowledge the UK’s right to diverge from European rules. Britain will have to partly accept the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice. The structure of dispute settlement mechanism which will be created under the partnership agreement should be a product of a compromise. The present study shows that op

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23

Hrubinko, Andrii. "Great Britain in European External and Security Policy: Review of Western Historiography." European Historical Studies, no. 8 (2017): 8–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2017.08.8-38.

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The article analyzes the achievements of Western historical science in research of the problem of Britain’s participation in the European Union’s Common Foreign and Security Policy. The author classified scientific publications into three groups: 1) general works on the history of formation the EU’s CFSP; 2) publications on the history of participation the United Kingdom in European integration as a direction of European foreign policy of the state; 3) works, which devoted specifically to the topic of British participation in European foreign and security policy. The results of monitoring the

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Sirbu, Ionel. "From Berlin to London. The Diplomatic Journey of Gr. Gafencu in April 1939." Analele Universităţii "Dunărea de Jos" din Galaţi Fascicula XIX Istorie 2 (December 4, 2003): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/history.2003.09.

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In the spring of 1939, Grigore Gafencu, the Foreign Minister of Romania, made a report journey in Western Europe. The Romanian government was much interested in the attitudes of the main European Powers, pre-eminently in that of Great Britain, France and Germany. As a result of this diplomatic journey, Gafencu strongly believed that Germany had replaced its expansionist policy with an agressive one. At the same time, he informed the authorities from Bucharest that Romania could not hope for any substantial aid from France and Great Britain and that the intentions of Germany aimed mainly at Rom

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SCHUI, FLORIAN. "PRUSSIA'S ‘TRANS-OCEANIC MOMENT’: THE CREATION OF THE PRUSSIAN ASIATIC TRADE COMPANY IN 1750." Historical Journal 49, no. 1 (2006): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05005157.

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In 1750 Frederick II of Prussia created a new trade company in Emden. Diplomats, merchants, and other observers in Britain, France, the Netherlands, and Hamburg reacted with great concern to this Prussian bid to join the world of overseas commerce. These concerns were not unfounded. Frederick pursued his goal with great determination. The article explains why Prussia embarked on this ultimately unsuccessful venture and why established commercial powers such as Britain or the Netherlands felt threatened by the new competitor. In this context the article explores an international debate about po

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Демешко, Н. Э., and А. А. Ирхин. "Russia and Great Britain: The National Factor in the Competition of the Great Powers." Диалог со временем, no. 83(83) (July 31, 2023): 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2023.83.83.013.

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В статье раскрываются модели этнонациональной политики России и Великобритании, а также технологии актуализации и использования национального фактора в российско-британской конкуренции XIX–XXI вв. Авторы рассматривают национальный вопрос как один из инструментов противостояния великих держав, поскольку язык, религия, «зов крови», конструирование национальных мифов о «золотом веке» и идентификация врага, лишившего нацию былого величия, порождают раздвоенность элит малых народов, ориентирующихся на противоборствующие геополитические центры в борьбе за власть и ресурсы внутри национальных общин.

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Yakovleva, N. M. "Argentina vs Great Britain: the trajectory of one conflict." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 10, no. 3 (2023): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2022-10-3-123-135.

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40 years ago, on April 2, 1982, Argentina made a failed attempt by military means to establish sovereignty over the archipelago in the South Atlantic, which was under the jurisdiction of Great Britain. The war was the result of a two-century dispute over the ownership of the islands. Upon joining the UN in 1945, Buenos Aires loudly announced its claims to the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) and began to seek from the international community to recognize its claims as legitimate. Since then, the problem has been a red thread through the history of the country. The policy of the Argentine authoritie

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Goldstone, Jack A. "Urbanization, Citizenship, and Economic Growth in the Long Run." International Review of Social History 65, no. 1 (2020): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859020000048.

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AbstractMaarten Prak argues that urban citizen associations remained vigorous in the West from the Middle Ages through the Industrial Revolution, and that their support for commercial activity helped bring about that Revolution. That is half correct. During the two thousand years from 300 BC to 1750 AD, numerous societies had similar peaks of urbanization, commercial activity, and per capita income (often approaching, but never exceeding, a “peak pre-industrial income” level of roughly $1,900 in 1990 international dollars.) Vigorous urban societies produced repeated episodes of comparably high

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Redvaldsen, David. "The Role of Britain in Late Modern Norwegian History: A Longitudinal Study." Britain and the World 9, no. 1 (2016): 10–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2016.0212.

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Concentrating on the strength of the mutual relationship, this article examines crucial periods in Anglo-Norwegian history since 1814. In the November Treaty (1855) Britain and France guaranteed the Swedish-Norwegian union's territory against Russian encroachment. Britain was not supportive of Norwegian independence in 1905, though she had wanted better terms for Norway within the union. From a Norwegian perspective, Britain was the most important signatory to the Integrity Treaty (1907) whereby the great powers guaranteed her territory. Due to her neutrality Norway could not openly support Br

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PHIMISTER, IAN. "Foreign Devils, Finance and Informal Empire: Britain and China c. 1900–1912." Modern Asian Studies 40, no. 3 (2006): 737–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x06002174.

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‘An imperial policy is essentially a commercial policy’(Charles Addis, 1905)‘Look at the way we have swindled the Chinese in the case of the Pekin Syndicate and still worse in the case of the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company’(G.E. Morrison, 1906)

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Savelyev, Mikhail, Mikhail Kozyrev, Andrey Savchenko, Vladimir Koretsky, and Rail Galiakhmetov. "Macroeconomic signs of an innovative economy by the case of Great Britain." SHS Web of Conferences 116 (2021): 00072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111600072.

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By the case of the economic development of Great Britain, the hypothesis was verified that innovations at the macroeconomic level should accelerate economic growth and at the same time reduce development risks, stabilizing this growth, reducing its fluctuations under the influence of market factors. The economic development of Great Britain is investigated in 25 economic cycles for the period from 1830-2020. Economic development was investigated according to the parameters of economic growth and development risk in each of the considered cycles. Four types of economic development policy are th

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Racine, Karen. "“This England and This Now”: British Cultural and Intellectual Influence in the Spanish American Independence Era." Hispanic American Historical Review 90, no. 3 (2010): 423–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2010-002.

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Abstract This essay argues that Great Britain provided the strongest and most relevant contemporary model for the Spanish American independence leaders. Over the course of two eventful decades, 1808 to 1826, over 70 patriot leaders made the long and difficult journey to London to seek political recognition, arms, recruits, and financial backing for their emancipation movements. Countless others remained at home in Spanish America but allied themselves with Britain through their commercial ventures, their ideological affiliation, or their enthusiastic emulation of British institutions, inventio

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Okuda, Kenzo. "Britain’s Atomic Energy Strategy toward Japan: The Anglo-American “Special Relationship,” 1945–1959." Journal of World History 35, no. 1 (2024): 85–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2024.a920672.

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Abstract: Atomic energy has played an important role in international relations as a means of state power. From 1945 to 1959, Japan was significantly influenced by developments in atomic energy as a result of the Anglo-American “special relationship.” During World War II, Britain and the United States cooperated to develop atomic weapons to use against Japan. In the ensuing Cold War era, the two countries advanced peaceful uses of atomic energy for Japan to counter the influence of the Soviet Union through psychological warfare. The U.S. Atomic Energy Peace Mission visited Japan in May 1955. H

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RIZAS, SOTIRIS. "Geopolitics and Domestic Politics: Greece's Policy Towards the Great Powers During the Unravelling of the Inter-War Order, 1934–1936." Contemporary European History 20, no. 2 (2011): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777311000038.

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AbstractThis article examines the evolution of Greece's foreign policy from a position of relative detachment to an increasing involvement in international affairs that eventually led to the country's realignment with Britain during the Abyssinian crisis. It is argued that Greece's foreign policy shift was a result of an interplay between a perceived threat of Italian revisionism, Britain's reappearance in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Abyssinian crisis and domestic political dynamics that led to the defeat of Eleftherios Venizelos who favoured a foreign policy detached from combination

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Kuzmenko, Eduard. "INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SEMINAR «GREAT BRITAIN IN WORLD AND UKRAINIAN HISTORY» (29.03.2024) AT THE FACULTY OF HISTORY OF TARAS SHEVCHENKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF KYIV." European Historical Studies, no. 31 (2025): 157–63. https://doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2025.31.12.

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On March 29, 2024, an important international scientific seminar titled «Great Britain in World and Ukrainian History» was held, bringing together 25 researchers of UK history and contemporary affairs from Ukraine and the UK. The event was organized by the Department of Modern and Contemporary History of Foreign Countries at the Faculty of History of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, as part of the development of the EP «American and European Studies (with in-depth study of foreign languages)». The seminar covered many practical and theoretical topics, including relevant aspects of

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Whatmore, Richard. "Vattel, Britain and Peace in Europe." Grotiana 31, no. 1 (2010): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187607510x540231.

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AbstractThis paper underlines Vattel's commitment to maintaining the sovereignty of Europe's small states by enunciating the duties he deemed incumbent upon all political communities. Vattel took seriously the threat to Europe from a renascent France, willing to foster an equally aggressive Catholic imperialism justified by the need for religious unity. Preventing a French version of universal monarchy, Vattel recognised, entailed more than speculating about a Europe imagined as a single republic. Rather, Vattel believed that Britain had to be relied upon to prevent excessive French ambition,

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Jacobson, Charles D., and Joel A. Tarr. "Patterns and Policy Choices in Infrastructure History: The United States, France, and Great Britain." Public Works Management & Policy 1, no. 1 (1996): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x9600100107.

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The United States, England, and France have used a variety of forms to deliver urban services and infrastructures over time. Historically, government has been the dominant factor in the delivery of infrastructures for which no user fee is charged, whereas a variety of forms have been followed when there are user fees. This article examines changing forms of service delivery systems in the areas of water supply, mass transportation, and electrical supply in the three nations. Alterations in the form of delivery have been shaped by institutional and cultural factors and unique national styles. A

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Wei, Jia. "Maritime Trade as the Pivot of Foreign Policy in Hume’s History of Great Britain." Hume Studies 40, no. 2 (2014): 169–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hms.2014.0020.

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Yerokhin, Vladimir. "CELTIC FRINGES AND CENTRAL POWER IN GREAT BRITAIN: HISTORY AND MODERNITY." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 1 (49) (May 26, 2020): 226–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-49-1-226-244.

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The article deals with history of interrelations between political centre and Celtic fringes of Great Britain in modern and contemporary times. As soon as nationalist movements in Celtic fringes became more active from the mid 1960s, the need appeared to analyze the history of interrelations between central power and Celtic regions in order to understand causes of Celtic people’s striving for obtaining more rights and even state independence. The article ascertains that attitude of central power to Celtic fringes was complicated by ethno-cultural differences between Englishmen and Celtic

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Gorfin, Vladislav L., and Alexander M. Rybakov. "RUSSIA’S ROLE IN THE STRUGGLE FOR THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES." Historical Search 2, no. 2 (2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-2-5-12.

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In the article the authors show the place of Russia in the struggle for the independence of the United States. They reveal the concept of «military neutrality», its essence and content. They define the basic principles of the world colonial system in the XVIII century, the foundations of interrelation between world powers and their colonies. They identify the priorities and interests for the development of foreign policy relations. They establish causal links between the war of the North American colonies of Great Britain for their independence and the policies of a number of European powers (

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Sterkhov, Dmitrii. "The Hanoverian Question and Prussian Foreign Policy in the Early Nineteenth Century (1801–1806)." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 2 (2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640018318-7.

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This study explores the significance of the Hanoverian Question for Prussian foreign policy in the early nineteenth century. The author looks at the origins of the Hanoverian Question and analyses Prussian motives for annexing Hanover in the first part of the article. Special attention is paid to the relationship between Prussian foreign policy and Prussian domestic stability. The political system in Prussia was severely unbalanced by the capture of vast swathes of Polish territory to the east, populated mostly by Catholics. To restore the balance, the Prussian state badly needed a German-spea

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Storey, Taryn. "Devine Intervention: Collaboration and Conspiracy in the History of the Royal Court." New Theatre Quarterly 28, no. 4 (2012): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x12000668.

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Taryn Storey believes that a series of letters recently discovered in the archive of the Arts Council of Great Britain (ACGB) makes it important that we reassess the genesis of the English Stage Company at the Royal Court. Dating from November 1952, the correspondence between George Devine and William Emrys Williams, the Secretary General of the ACGB, offers an insight into a professional and personal relationship that was to have a profound influence on the emerging Arts Council policy for drama. Storey makes the case that in 1953 Devine not only shaped his Royal Court proposal to fit the pri

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Kovalskyi, Stanislav. "GREAT BRITAIN MEDITERRANEAN AXIS: STAGES OF FORMATION AND ROLE IN THE COLONIAL SYSTEM." European Historical Studies, no. 29 (2024): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2024.29.9.

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The purpose of the paper is a comprehensive analysis of Great Britain’s colonial policy in the Mediterranean. The stages of the Mediterranean axis formation were studied also. The author shows Great Britain’s Mediterranean policy background from its origins to the mid-twentieth century. Focused on the integration of Gibraltar, Malta, Cyprus and the Suez Canal into the British colonial system. The historical context of these territories’ entry into a single geopolitical structure that guaranteed Britain the security of routes from the metropolis to India was reflected in the paper. The strategi

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Leach, Christopher. "Uniforms and Commercial Culture: Constructing a Vision of Warfare in Pre-Great War Britain." Cultural History 10, no. 1 (2021): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cult.2021.0230.

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Uniforms carry cultural meaning shaped by their interaction with military realities. They can communicate tradition but also anticipate change. Prior to the Great War, British Army uniforms had developed from the familiar red tunic to khaki, but the manner of their representation in the mass culture confirmed a continuity and correctness of the British way of war that ran against the emerging industrialization of warfare. Wearing familiar uniforms linked to the past and concurrently fighting what seemed like anachronistic ‘small wars’ in empire as reported in the press, what awaited the volunt

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Grampp, William D. "How Britain Turned to Free Trade." Business History Review 61, no. 1 (1987): 86–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115775.

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British free trade has been variously attributed to the importuning of business interests, to the advanced state of manufacturing, to politicians acting on improper or unworthy motives, or to imperialism. Professor Grampp examines a critical event in the history of free trade: Parliament's declaration in 1820 that future commercial policy should be guided by that principle. By 1850, all major restrictions had been abolished. The decision of 1820, according to Thomas Tooke, a principal in the event, was made by the Tory Government with the concurrence of the Whig Opposition, both of which had c

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Totten, Robbie. "National Security and U.S. Immigration Policy, 1776–1790." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 39, no. 1 (2008): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2008.39.1.37.

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An examination of U.S. immigration policy during the early Republic from a security perspective—a common analytical focus within the field of international relations—reveals the inadequacy of traditional economic and ideological interpretations. Security concerns, based on actual threats from Great Britain and Spain, permeated the arguments both for and against immigration. Those in favor of immigration hoped to strengthen the nation, primarily by providing soldiers and money for the military; those opposed to immigration feared that it would compromise national security by causing domestic un

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S.I., Gabrielyan. "THE CHANGES IN ENGLISH POLICY IN IRAN UNDER THE CONSERVATIVES AT THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY." Look to the past 6, no. 2 (2023): 3. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7680640.

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The article is devoted to an interesting page in the history of the Anglo-Russian rivalry for Iran, in particular. The 19th century went down in history as a period of the "Great Game" of major European powers for dominance in Central Asia and the Middle East. Russia and Great Britain, the main actors of big politics, used a different arsenal of means, trying to prevent a competitor from establishing itself in those territories that were geopolitically and geoeconomically necessary. The article shows the change in the vector in foreign policy in Iran under the conservatives - support

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Riall, Lucy. "The Shallow End of History? The Substance and Future of Political Biography." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 40, no. 3 (2010): 375–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2010.40.3.375.

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The “Great Man” tradition of political life-writing in Britain originated in the Dictionary of National Biography (which commenced publication in 1882) and continues to this day in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. The commercial popularity of the genre has persisted despite the challenges of post-structuralism and the rise of cultural and gender history. Contemporary political biographers who wish to incorporate new methodologies in their work, however, could approach the lives of Great Men through a study of how they acquired their reputations, thereby helping to explicate not onl

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Gasanov, Kamran N. "Influence of Great Britain on Turkish Policy in the Transcaucasia and the Middle East." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 23, no. 1 (2023): 168–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2023-23-1-168-190.

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The study explores the Turkish-British partnership. The author verifies the thesis, which gained popularity after the beginning of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war in the Russian expert and journalistic community, that the United Kingdom had a significant impact on Türkiye’s foreign policy in order to destabilize the South Caucasus and oust Russia from the region. Some experts hypothesize that London is trying to implement the “Great Turan” project in the post-Soviet space through the hands of Ankara to the detriment of Russian interests. One of the main arguments that Türkiye’s foreign policy is

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Scifo, Salvatore. "Lobbying for community radio in Britain." Radio Journal:International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media 22, no. 1 (2024): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/rjao_00095_1.

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This article, within the context of the 40th anniversary of the founding of the Community Media Association (CMA) in 2023, and its role within the context of British radio history, will draw on grey literature from the CMA digital archives, including policy statements, policy briefings and background material for the lobbying actions during the period 1997–2007. First-hand material to be discussed will draw on interviews with key actors involved in policy-making until the introduction of Community Radio into legislation, as well as on press releases, statements and policy documents of the regu

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