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Journal articles on the topic 'Great britain, historical geography'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Knowles, Richard. "Book Review: An historical geography of railways in Great Britain and Ireland." Progress in Human Geography 25, no. 2 (June 2001): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913250102500233.

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2

Gregory, Ian N., Chris Bennett, Vicki L. Gilham, and Humphrey R. Southall. "The Great Britain Historical GIS Project: From Maps to Changing Human Geography." Cartographic Journal 39, no. 1 (June 2002): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/caj.2002.39.1.37.

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3

NAROVLIANSKIY, Oleksandr. "EDUCATIONAL TOURISM IN GREAT BRITAIN." Dnipro Academy of Continuing Education Herald. Series: Philosophy, Pedagogy, Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023) (December 29, 2023): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54891/2786-7013-2023-2-17.

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The article is devoted to the organisation of educational excursions in the UK and their role in the educational process of secondary schools. The purpose is to analyze the existing experience of organising school trips and to identify opportunities for using this experience in modern education in Ukraine. The historical origins of educational excursions are identified. The results of surveys and other studies conducted in the UK to determine the attitude of teachers to excursions as an element of the educational process, as well as the problems that arise in their organisation, are highlighted. Current experience of conducting excursions in various subjects - history, geography, natural sciences, mathematics, social sciences, computer technology. The article identifies the most popular educational tourism sites in the UK and highlights the methods used to organise school tours (specially designed tours related to the school curriculum, master classes, workshops, etc.) It is noted that special educational and training centers have been set up at certain facilities to conduct training sessions. It is noted that in Britain, excursions to government facilities such as the Parliament, the Royal Palace, the residence of the head of government, and the court have become widespread. It is determined that most museums and other visitor attractions establish preferential conditions for receiving groups of schoolchildren or provide opportunities for free visits. The problems that hinder the development of educational tourism at the present stage of development, in particular, lack of funding, are identified. The role of charitable foundations in the development and support of school excursions and the directions of their activities are highlighted. The experience of involving business structures, in particular Hyundai, in supporting educational tourism is analyzed. The unique experience of parliamentary support for educational tourism through the development of special bills on outdoor education, which are at different stages of consideration by the parliaments of Great Britain, Scotland and Wales, is indicated. The elements of experience that can be used in domestic education are identified.

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4

Spencer, Michael, Richard Essery, Lynne Chambers, and Shona Hogg. "The Historical Snow Survey of Great Britain: Digitised Data for Scotland." Scottish Geographical Journal 130, no. 4 (April 7, 2014): 252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2014.900184.

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5

Bizup, Joseph. "An Historical Geography of Railways in Great Britain and Ireland, and: Railways and the Victorian Imagination (review)." Victorian Studies 43, no. 2 (2001): 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vic.2001.0004.

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Leitner, Jonathan. "Classical World-Systems Analysis, the Historical Geography of British North America, and the Regional Politics of Colonial/Revolutionary New York." Journal of World-Systems Research 24, no. 2 (August 14, 2018): 404–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2018.693.

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A less-appreciated aspect of earlier or “classical” works of world-systems analysis (WSA), in particular that of Braudel, Frank, and Wallerstein in the 1970s-80s is the examination of why the thirteen North American colonies that became the United States split from Great Britain. Specifically, why did some of Britain’s North American colonies revolt in the mid-1770s, but not others? Why were some colonists pro-independence while others preferred remaining within the empire? Classical WSA suggested regional differentiation among colonists, and later works in the WSA tradition have examined these divisions in British North America, particularly within individual colonies, based on both larger divisions in the world-economy and localized core-periphery structures. Yet classical WSA’s analytical questions about British North America’s independence movement have been more directly addressed by historical geographers. This paper synthesizes classical WSA with works on the historical geography of British North America, and then examines the synthesis in light of colonial New York and its political-economic geography of several distinct regions, each with varying economic and political interests vis à vis the British Empire and the question of independence.

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7

Brown, Callum G. "Did urbanization secularize Britain?" Urban History 15 (May 1988): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800013882.

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There are few issues in British history about which so much unsubstantiated assertion has been written as the adverse impact of industrial urbanization upon popular religiosity. Urban history undergraduates are plied each year with the well-worn secularizing interpretation of urban growth which emanated with the Victorians (mostly churchmen) and which has since been reassembled by modern investigators in forms suitable for digestion in ecclesiastical history, social history (Marxist and non-Marxist), historical sociology, and historical geography. This ‘pessimist’ school of thought has reigned virtually unchallenged since the nineteenth century, giving rise in its endless repetition to simplistic historiographical myths. Arguably, systematic inquiry has suffered because modern urban society has been regarded as inimical to religion.An important start to disentangling the web of confusion has already been made by Jeff Cox in his admirable but underrated The English Churches in a Secular Society, a study of Lambeth between 1870 and 1930. 'In the first and final chapters of that book, Cox commenced the assault on the ‘pessimist’ school, pointing out in necessarily blunt language the illogicality and empirical weakness in the arguments of many historians and sociologists of religion. That book should have a reserved space on every reading list dealing with this issue. The present article attempts to expand on what might be called the ‘optimist’ school of thought concerning the impact of urbanization upon religion: that the churches survived urbanization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. While Cox adduced from his research on the 1870–930 period that the great decline of the churches had not occurred before then, the following pages shift the focus to a reassessment of of the evidence on the preceding 100 years.

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Gregory, Ian. "Longitudinal Analysis of Age- and Gender-Specific Migration Patterns in England and Wales." Social Science History 24, no. 3 (2000): 471–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200010270.

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Many geographers have argued for the need to incorporate change over time into their analyses (see, for example, Haggett 1965; Hägerstrand 1970; Thrift 1977;Marsh et al. 1988); however, changes to administrative boundaries often mean that demographic statistics collected at two different dates cannot be directly compared. This has made it very difficult to study longitudinal change without resorting to undesirable levels of aggregation, typically to county level in Britain or state level in the United States. This article describes a technique that makes significant advances toward eliminating this problem: a researcher using this technique can compare statistics by standardizing all relevant data on a single set of administrative units. My article builds on the work of the Great Britain Historical GIS Project (Gregory and Southall 1998) and uses net migration as an example.The geographical information system (GIS) is not yet complete, so the article focuses on the methodological issues. These issues could be applied to a wide range of problems in historical geography. More broadly, it is hoped that the article will give some idea of the potential for using GIS to analyze spatially referenced data in the context of social science history.

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9

Bizup, Joseph. "BOOK REVIEW: David Turnock.AN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF RAILWAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. and Michael Freeman.RAILWAYS AND THE VICTORIAN IMAGINATION." Victorian Studies 43, no. 2 (January 2001): 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/vic.2001.43.2.333.

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10

Atapin, Evgenii. "Evolution of British Euroscepticism in the Second Half of the 20th Century." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 5 (December 2022): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.5.13.

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Introduction. The United Kingdom is the most prominent example of a Eurosceptic country in the EU. For many years the United Kingdom did not feel a part of Europe. Great Britain was geographically separated from continental Europe and psychologically distant from the European integration movement established by the 1957 Treaty of Rome. The British Eurosceptic tradition rested on these geographic and psychological characteristics. Eurosceptic traditions included political, economic, linguistic, cultural and historical aspects that made it difficult for the United Kingdom to accept European integration. Methods and materials. The research methodology is based on narrative and comparative methods. The materials of the study incorporate statements of certain British politicians about attitudes towards European integration, works devoted to the analysis of Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom and manifestos of some far-right political parties. Analysis. A study of the attitude to European integration of the two main political forces of Great Britain, namely the Conservative and the Labour Parties, in the second half of the 20th century is carried out. Results. The study results in the creation of a periodization of British Euroscepticism in the second half of the 20th century. Three stages of evolution of British Euroscepticism in the period under study are distinguished: 1) the stage preceding the entry of Great Britain into the European Communities, conventionally called “Labour”; 2) the stage of the United Kingdom’s participation in the “common market”, conventionally called “Conservative”; 3) the stage of Britain’s participation in the European Union, conventionally called “Right-wing populist”. Their chronological framework is established and their main characteristics are given.

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Akram, Adnan. "Darn Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. New York: Crown Business. 2012. 529 pages. U.S $ 17.00." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i3pp.276-278.

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“Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty” is an impressive book by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. In this book, the authors attempt to solve the longstanding puzzle that why some nations, such as the United Sates, Great Britain, Germany, etc. are rich today, and why the others, such as Zimbabwe, Ghana, Egypt, etc. are poor. The authors show with the help of substantial historical evidence that man-made economic and political institutions matter for the vast differences in the level of economic development among countries. They argue history is the key to understand the difference and evolution of economic and political institutions in different parts of the world. During historical evolution of the institutions, small differences and contingency (e.g., Black Death) matter a lot. According to them, it is not the geography, culture, weather or the choice of wrong policies that make countries rich or poor but it is the institutions that make countries rich or poor.

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12

Wollmann, Hellmut. "Local Government Systems: From Historic Divergence towards Convergence? Great Britain, France, and Germany as Comparative Cases in Point." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 18, no. 1 (February 2000): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c9867.

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The author aims at a comparative analysis of the development of local government systems in Britain, France, and Germany. First, he makes the point that, during the historical evolution of the local government systems of the three countries over the last century, their institutional profiles have exhibited an almost classical divergence. Against this historical background the author pursues answers to the questions of whether, to what degree, and why the local government systems of the three countries have, in their more recent development, shown institutional convergence. Among the factors possibly fostering such convergence, the following are highlighted in the paper: the internationalisation (‘globalisation’) of socioeconomic and political challenges and institutional responses to them.

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13

Aldcroft, Derek H. "D. Turnock, An Historical Geography of Railways in Great Britain and Ireland, Aldershot, Ashgate, 1998. pp. xiv + 379, 65. 1 85928 450 7." Rural History 10, no. 2 (October 1999): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001850.

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14

Rogers, Pat. "The Topographic Sources of Defoe’s Tour." Review of English Studies 70, no. 296 (April 10, 2019): 702–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgz027.

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Abstract The most important study of the topographic background to Daniel Defoe’s Tour thro’ Great Britain (1724–1726) is still one written by the historical geographer J. H. Andrews in 1960. This article seeks to amplify what Andrews says about two aspects of the subject: the use that the author made of maps in compiling his work, and his recourse to the text of topographic volumes, including atlases and guides. On the first issue, the evidence corroborates what Andrews suggested about the use of maps in the Tour, but it shows that Defoe enlisted their aid more widely than previously suspected in areas of the country such as Westmorland. The discussion draws chiefly on maps by Robert Morden, but also those by John Speed, Herman Moll, and others. On the second point, Andrews tended to understate Defoe’s acquaintance with counties such as Dorset, Somerset, and East Yorkshire. As a result, except for parts of Cornwall, he exaggerated the degree to which the author relied on A New General Atlas (1721). Some other sources that he did not consider have now surfaced. A full comparison between the Tour and John Macky’s Journey is provided, exploring the kind of topographic detail each writer supplied. It remains the case that much of the treatment by Andrews continues to be valid after 60 years, and the article endorses his conclusion that even when we identify Defoe’s borrowings, they do not diminish the importance of ‘a great pioneer work of economic geography’.

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15

Simon, Josep. "Writing the Discipline." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 46, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 392–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2016.46.3.392.

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The historiography of physics has reached a great degree of maturity and sophistication, providing many avenues to consider the making of science from a historical perspective. However, the big picture of the making of physics is characterized by a predominant narrative focused on a conception of disciplinary formation through leadership transfers in research among France, Germany, and Britain. This focus has provided the history of physics with a periodization, a geography, and a fundamental goal commonly considered to be conceptual and theoretical unification. In this paper, I suggest the interest of reassessing this picture by analyzing the temporal, national, and epistemological viewpoint from which it is written. I use for this purpose an exemplary case study: Adolphe Ganot’s physics textbooks in France and their translation by Edmund Atkinson in England. In this context, I suggest future avenues for the study of the making of physics as a discipline, which consider the canonical role of textbooks in disciplinary formation beyond the Kuhnian paradigm.

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Doumani, Beshara. "Palestine Versus the Palestinians? The Iron Laws and Ironies of a People Denied." Journal of Palestine Studies 36, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2007.36.4.49.

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An iron law of the conflict over Palestine has been the refusal by the Zionist movement and its backers, first Great Britain and then the United States, to make room for the existence of Palestinians as a political community. This non-recognition is rooted in historical forces that predate the existence of the Zionist movement and the Palestinians as a people. Consequently, there is a tension between identity and territory, with obvious repercussions for the following questions: Who are the Palestinians? What do they want? And who speaks for them? This essay calls for a critical reappraisal of the relationship between the concepts ““Palestine”” and ““Palestinians,”” as well as of the state-centered project of successive phases of the Palestinian national movement.

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17

Arthur, Paul. "Letter from Ireland." Government and Opposition 26, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 449–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1991.tb00405.x.

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WRITING A LETTER FROM IRELAND TOUCHES ON CERTAIN sensitivities because Ireland is a geographic unit in search of political expression. There has always been some doubt about political ownership. Between 1800 and 1921 it was, of course, part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Let us say for the present that Ireland now belongs to that small group of political entities - like Korea and Cyprus - which ‘enjoys’ the condition of partition. And that part of Ireland whence this letter is written, Northern Ireland, has been placed in some sort of historical context by a former leader of the Nationalist Party, Eddie McAteer, when he said of it: ‘and now we are sadly the last imperial aspidistra in the British window.’

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18

Koustriava, Eleni, and Maria Koutsmani. "Spatial and Information Accessibility of Museums and Places of Historical Interest: A Comparison between London and Thessaloniki." Sustainability 15, no. 24 (December 6, 2023): 16611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152416611.

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Accessibility to the cultural heritage of museums is an inalienable right of all individuals. However, these places appear to be very unfriendly and unsustainable towards individuals with mobility, sensory, and cognitive difficulties, resulting in their exclusion from cultural heritage. The aim of the research was to examine the spatial and information accessibility in certain museums and places of historical interest in two culturally important European cities, London (Great Britain) and Thessaloniki (Greece). Fifteen museums in London and fifteen in Thessaloniki were visited and assessed thoroughly. The tools used were a) an extended checklist of accessibility criteria and standards developed in the context of the present research and b) a semi-structured interview. The results showed that the London museums are slightly more accessible than the museums in Thessaloniki, especially with reference to spatial accessibility. All participant museums should focus more on individuals with impairments other than physical/mobility since their main accessibility features appear to serve only mobility and navigation needs. Moreover, while the buildings of the recent past are more accessible, buildings that are listed or are themselves of historical interest are difficult to adjust. The results present which specific categories need to be urgently targeted and, thus, in which direction any corrective action towards accessibility should be placed. These findings are of great interest for all stakeholders in cultural accessibility and social inclusion.

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Spasovski, Milena, and Danica Santic. "Development of population geography from antropogeography to spatial-analitical approach." Stanovnistvo 51, no. 2 (2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1302001s.

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Population geography is a subdiscipline of Human geography and studies the distribution, concentration and density of population over the terestrial surface, as well as differences in population size, changes and characteristics, like structures, migrations, activity etc, among some places present compared to others. Population geography has had a perscientific stage as long as human history. First modern scientific treatis of population in geography was the F. Ratzels book Antropogeography in 1882. During the first half of the XX century, French geographer Vidal de la Blanche gave a capital importance of population studies in his work Principes de Geographie Humaine. In interwar years, various aspects of population were studied. After The Second World War started the renovating movement of geography and new tendencies appear in human geography and, consequently in population geography. Attempts were made to define population geography as a separate sub-discipline. The world wide trend of treating population geography as separate discipline was expressed by publishing monographs, bibliographies and textbooks. The most significant authors who worked on defining population geography were French geographers P. George (1951, 1959), Beaujen-Garnier (1965, 1966); North-american geographers: G. Trewarta (1953, 1969), W. Bunge (1962), J. Clance (1965, 1971), W. Zelinski (1966); in Great Britain: J.I. Clarke (1965); in USSR: Ju.G. Sauskin i D.N. Anucin (1950), V.V. Poksisevskij (1966), D.I. Valentej (1973); in Poland V. Ormotski (1931), L. Kosinski (1967) A. Jagelski (1980). Those authors and their works had the significant influence on the development of population science in the world and also in Serbia. Although the development of population geography was different in different countries and scientific research centers, we can clearly defined four stages. First stage lasted untill 1960s and was characterised by works of G.Trewarta, H. Doerres Ju.G. Sauskin, D.N. Anucin, J. Beaujeu-Gariner. G. Trewarta argued that the population is the point of reference from which all other elements are observed and from which all derive significance and meaning. This view was adopted and shared by authors dealing with population items, explicitly or implicitly. Second stage lasted from 1960s till 1970s and the most significant authors dealing with population problems were W. Zelinsky, W. Bunge; H.Bobek, W. Hartke, K.Ruppert, F.Schaffer; D.I. Valentej, K.Korcak. This phase was characterized by the application of quantitative methods and efforts for understanding the spatial structure of the population. Many scientists see this development phase as a particularly prosperous period, because it carried more intensive relations of geography and demography through the introduction of statistical, mathematical and demographic methods and techniques in studies of population geography. Third phase lasted from 1970s to 1980s, and was characterized by close relations between population geography and formal demography. Development and application of GIS and computer data, have made population studies more complex and applicable in practice, through population policy and population projections. The most significant authors in this period were L. Kosinski, A. Jagelski, H?gerstrand. And at last, fourth stage started in 1980s and in many countries lastes untill present days. In population geography appeared new tendencies associated with the critique of positivism, the establishment of humanistic approaches and modifications of general geographic concepts. In this period, spatial analysis and quantitative scientific methods were reaffirmed, and because of that some population studies were redefined in spatial demography, a time dimension advocated in historical demography. In this context, we emphasize the work of D. Plane and P. Rogerson. Population geography is viewed differently from one country to another. Its definition differs from too narrow to overly broad. But two research areas were of particular interest to geographers - population distribution and migration. Both items acquired an international dimension. Recently, eminent population geographers exchanged various view points in an attempt to provoke new thinking on subject and define the answers of new fields research in population geography. Population geography in the XXI Century is no longer a field comprised of spatial applications of fertility, mortality and migration only. Contemporary population geography is theoretically sophisticated, integrating spatial analysis, GIS and geo-referenced data. Future progress in the field of population geography will derive from more research at the intersections of population processes and societal issues and concerns. Major themes of future empirical researches in population geography should be: global population growth, studies of migration, transnationalism, human security issues, population-health-environment nexus, human-environment sustainability, economic development and poverty issues.

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Henry, N., J. Pollard, P. Sissons, J. Ferreira, and M. Coombes. "Banking on exclusion: Data disclosure and geographies of UK personal lending markets." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 9 (June 12, 2017): 2046–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17713992.

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In 2013, the UK Government announced that seven of the nation’s largest banks had agreed to publish their lending data at the local level across Great Britain. The release of such area based lending data has been welcomed by advocacy groups and policy makers keen to better understand and remedy geographies of financial exclusion. This paper makes three contributions to debates about financial exclusion. First, it provides the first exploratory spatial analysis of the personal lending data made available; it scrutinises the parameters and robustness of the dataset and evaluates the extent to which the data increase transparency in UK personal lending markets. Second, it uses the data to provide a geographical overview of patterns of personal lending across Great Britain. Third, it uses this analysis to revisit the analytical and political limitations of ‘open data’ in addressing the relationship between access to finance and economic marginalisation. Although a binary policy imaginary of ‘inclusion-exclusion’ has historically driven advocacy for data disclosure, recent literatures on financial exclusion generate the need for more complex and variegated understandings of economic marginalisation. The paper questions the relationship between transparency and data disclosure, the policy push for financial inclusion, and patterns of indebtedness and economic marginalisation in a world where ‘fringe finance’ has become mainstream. Drawing on these literatures, this analysis suggests that data disclosure, and the transparency it affords, is a necessary but not sufficient tool in understanding the distributional implications of variegated access to credit.

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Ivanov, Konstantin. "Astronomers and Surveyors in the Struggle for Central Asia. Notes on the Epistemology of Colonization." Philosophical Literary Journal Logos 30, no. 2 (2020): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/0869-5377-2020-2-15-36.

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Central Asia was mainly desert land that contained just a few small, densely populated oases when it was forcibly occupied by Imperial Russia between 1865 and 1885. What reason was there to gain control of it? It did not serve any military purpose because the Russian Empire was already well protected on its southern frontier by Central Asia’s notorious deserts and dry steppes. Nor was there much economic advantage to be gained. To present it merely as an opportunity for the thievish embezzlement of public money — and theft there was — is somewhat beside the point. The advance of Great Britain into the same region from the opposite side reflected the same trend. What kind of reasoning was behind these incursions? The counterintuitive answer is that the only rational reason to move into the region was a scientific one. At that time the Central Asia was still a blank spot on European maps and it was the only region on Earth in which the great empires had not yet confronted each other. The frontier lines of both empires were bound to move in on each other, although neither empire gained much advantage from the expansion. The article analyzes the way in which the struggle for the territory eventually turned into a symposium about the territory. The main agents in that war — and also its beneficiaries — were the British and Russian military geodesists and surveyors who used the latest astronomical methods. Systematic mapping of the desert region was important not only for the geographical knowledge it produced, but also for advancing the surveyors’ careers and improving their social status and personal prosperity. The so-called Afghan Demarcation between the Russian Empire and Great Britain in 1885 seemed to them more like an enjoyable conference for sharing topographical and geographical information than a hostile confrontation. After the outer and inner demarcations had been fixed, the result was that this region — “Created by the Lord in Anger” — was surveyed and studied not only in terms of geography, but also geologically, ethnically and historically.

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Alekseev, Victor R. "Confusing Invader: Acanthocyclops americanus (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) and Its Biological, Anthropogenic and Climate-Dependent Mechanisms of Rapid Distribution in Eurasia." Water 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13101423.

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Acanthocyclops americanus (Marsh, 1892), first described in Wisconsin (USA), was discovered shortly thereafter in Great Britain and then widely distributed in the Palearctic. Its current range includes Europe, North Africa, western and central Siberia with the largest number of findings along the migration tracks of aquatic birds. Until recently, the northern border was the 60th parallel, but in the last decade it has expanded further into the Arctic. The most rapid expansion of its range in Europe happened in the middle of the last century, which was partially hidden from scientists due to a taxonomic mistake caused by the merging of its name with the native Palearctic form Acanthocyclops robustus (Sars, 1863). This problem was solved only recently with the help of molecular genetic tools, allowing a return to the study of biological, anthropogenic and possible climate-dependent mechanisms of the successful rapid invasion of A. americanus into the Palearctic. This paper, along with a detailed description of the life cycle parameters, adaptive behavior of nauplii and population dynamics in Acanthocyclops americanus compared to those in two other native Acanthocyclops species (Acanthocyclops vernalis and A. robustus), provides a possible history of the biological invasion of A. americanus in the Palearctic. Special attention is paid to the climate-dependent mechanism of the expansion of its range into the north and far east of Asia. The introduction of the A.americanus into small lakes in Great Britain resulted in the dominance of this species in the summer plankton. In many high-trophic reservoirs in Belgium, France and Spain, as well as in newly built reservoirs in Europe, this species has become the only representative of crustacean zooplankton in the warm season. This has led to a significant transformation of the trophic webs of these reservoirs. The rapid dispersal of the invasive species, which was demonstrated by A. americanus in the last century, can make it difficult, and in some cases even impossible to study the historical reasons for the formation of the fauna of other invertebrates associated with such events including the movement of continents and the evolution of the Tethys Sea.

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Clark, A. Trevor. "Democracy Shelved: Great Britain, China and Attempts at Constitutional Reform in Hong Kong, 1945–52. By Steve Yui-Sang Tsang. [Hong Kong and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. East Asian Historical Monographs. 254 pp. £18.50.]." China Quarterly 119 (September 1989): 647–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000023092.

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24

Baravi, Melina Vladimirovna, Aleksandr Sergeevich Petrunin, Evgeniya Mikhailovna Rogozhina, and Igor' Valer'evich Ryzhov. "Specificity of politication and radicalization of the Kurdish national liberation movement in the Middle East." Мировая политика, no. 1 (January 2024): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8671.2024.1.70209.

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The authors reveal the interdependence of the Kurdish national liberation movement in the Middle East and the internal policies pursued by the Ottoman state, and later by Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran, aimed at state centralization and modernization of these states, which violates the traditional foundations of Kurdish society and threatens the tribal autonomy of these people. The authors also identify the role of leading world powers in the radicalization of the Kurdish issue and the strengthening of the Kurdish national liberation movement in the region. The research methodology is based on a civilizational approach. The article examines the history, specifics and features of the development of the internal policy of the Ottoman Empire, later of Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran, the consequences of its implementation and the reasons that led to the formation of the Kurdish national-territorial issue and the increased radicalization of Kurdish society in the period from the 19th to the end of the 20th centuries. The scientific novelty of the article consists of: 1. The analysis of domestic policies carried out on the territory of the Ottoman Empire, and subsequently in Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran during the period of the late XIX – XX centuries. 2) Identification of the influence of direct and indirect historical and foreign policy factors that influenced the Young Turk state’s policy of centralization and modernization, as well as the relationship of these factors with the emergence, formation and development of the Kurdish national liberation movement. 3) Study of the root causes and main stages of the politicization and radicalization of the Kurdish issue in the Middle East. 4) The findings of the study also reveal the role of leading foreign policy players represented by Russia, the USA, Great Britain, France and Germany in the Kurdish issue.

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25

Snell, K. D. M. "Ronald Blythe: ‘Just a voice for his time’." Rural History 32, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793320000205.

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AbstractRonald Blythe is often seen as Britain’s finest living rural writer. He has published over thirty books, some of them, like Akenfield and The View in Winter, widely acknowledged as classics, inspiring a film and follow-up books by others. His literary output has been extraordinary: novels, short stories, poetry, rural documentary writing, oral history, ‘parish’ writing, religious books, his own autobiographical work (among a remarkable milieu of creative people), and historical studies ranging from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries. He has also edited a great range of authors and types of writing. Ronald Blythe is especially an East Anglian author, writing about that English region, in whose work the local and the religious are often to the fore. As this famous author approaches one hundred years of age, this article is a forthright academic appreciation of his work, a discussion of its themes and impressive variety, and an analysis of the meanings and importance of his writing to modern readerships.

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26

Kovalevych, L. "Policy of the states of the European Union against sessesionism." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 64 (2016): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2016.64.13.

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The role of domestic policy in solving of inter-regional conflicts and counteracting secessionist processes are disclosed in the article. A mixed populatіon in any area can live either in peaceful coexistence and political stability or in violent conflicts. This is mostly dependent on the internal ethnic policy. Variety of the government’s reactions to the strengthening of centrifugal tendencies in some regions are explored; among which the approval of separatist demands, the advancement of conditions of underprivileged minorities, adoption of “asymmetric federalism”, allowance for minorities to participate in politіcal debate through parliamentary voting, referendums, etc., establishment of a confederation with only limited links between countries are distinguished. Another way to solve regional conflicts is to create a “multinational federation.” The main features of the state policy of the European Union’s countries which have regions with high potential secessionist conflict are analyzed. The necessities of a balanced domestic policy of the government to prevent the escalation of internal contradictions are emphasized. The influence of the form of government on minimizing of inter-regional conflicts is investigating. After correlating data about current regional conflicts and the forms of government of the hosting countries, it was found that the form of government (from unitary to federalism) is not the only decisive factor for solving of regional conflicts. However, taking into account the historical, cultural, linguistic, economic factors, it is important to understand that political mechanisms can give an initial impulse, the first impetus to resolve the conflicts. Therefore, political factors are some of the key one in regularizing of secessionism. Moreover, examples of the successful resolution of regional conflіcts by particular European states are considered. Experience of an effective resolving of regional conflicts in western European countries showed that in all the cases (Switzerland, Germany, Spain and Great Britain) the mechanisms of the institution of parliamentarism and solving of the language issue were used. The geographic decentralization policy of the supreme power (Germany) and legitimization of government decisions through referendums (Switzerland) are equally effective.

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27

Kalmykov, N. P. "Brazil and Great Britain: Crossing Historical Destiny." Latin-american Historical Almanac 19, no. 1 (August 20, 2018): 130–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2018-19-1-130-154.

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28

Yates, E. M., Richard Lawton, and Colin G. Pooley. "Britain 1740-1950: An Historical Geography." Geographical Journal 159, no. 2 (July 1993): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3451422.

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29

Lawton, Richard. "An economic geography of Great Britain." Progress in Human Geography 25, no. 2 (June 2001): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/030913201678580557.

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30

Pasqualetti, Martin J. "The Operational Geography of Great Britain∗." Professional Geographer 44, no. 3 (August 1992): 296–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1992.00296.x.

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31

Zernetska, O. "The Concept of Historical Memory in Great Britain." Problems of World History, no. 5 (March 15, 2018): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2018-5-6.

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Great Britain is a country where the concept of historical memory has been sustained for a long time. It is especially interesting, how it has been done in the XXIst century. This article investigates,how traditions, rituals and values have been saved in Great Britain for many centuries and at the same time, how new ones have been born for last decades. This is a case-study in which the perpetuation inGreat Britain of a great date – the century from the date of the outbreak of the First World War; old and new traditions, rituals, events, performances that preserve and develop the historical memory ofBritish society are researched.

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32

Choubarian, A. O. "Historical Past and Identity Issues in Russia and Great Britain." Vestnik RFFI, no. 1 (2020): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22204/2410-4639-2020-105-01-68-69.

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33

SRISKANDAN, K. "PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES IN GREAT BRITAIN: A HISTORICAL SURVEY." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 86, no. 2 (April 1989): 269–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1989.1627.

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34

Senchenko, Mykola. "Book trade bibliography of Great Britain." Вісник Книжкової палати, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36273/2076-9555.2020.12(293).3-9.

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The article highlights the historical stages of development of the book trade bibliography and Books in Print systems in Great Britain. It is noted that the first and most famous attempt to compile a book trade catalog dates back to the end of the XVI century and belongs to the englishman E. Montsell, who prepared and published the "Catalog of English Printed Books", which became a model of cataloging for many subsequent authors of bibliographic works. It was found that the industrial revolution and the rapid development of industrial centers in the XVIII century, caused a rapid increase in the number of printing houses, publishing and book trade firms, thanks to which the book trade bibliography of Great Britain received a new quality — a stable periodicity of preparation and publication of bibliographic materials, as well as placement of bibliographic information on periodicals. Numerous samples of the book trade bibliography in chronological section are considered in detail, as well as the activities of the most famous companies in the production of Books in Print catalogs.

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35

Wharton, Geraldene, and K. J. Gregory. "Fluvial Geomorphology of Great Britain." Geographical Journal 165, no. 3 (November 1999): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3060466.

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36

Dyer, Alan, Dietrich Denecke, and Gareth Shaw. "Urban Historical Geography: Recent Progress in Britain and Germany." Economic History Review 42, no. 3 (August 1989): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596457.

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37

Lewis, C. R., Dietrich Denecke, and Gareth Shaw. "Urban Historical Geography: Recent Progress in Britain and Germany." Geographical Journal 156, no. 1 (March 1990): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/635467.

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38

Keene, Derek. "Urban historical geography: Recent progress in Britain and Germany." Journal of Historical Geography 16, no. 2 (April 1990): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-7488(90)90100-p.

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39

Costu, Mehmet Davut. "Little Turkey in Great Britain." British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 46, no. 1 (September 23, 2018): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2018.1507434.

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40

Akimova, Olga, and Olena Shamanska. "APPLYING OF INNOVATION TECHNOLOGIES IN ADULT EDUCATION IN MODERN TERMS OF UKRAINE DEVELOPMENT." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 204 (June 2022): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2022-1-204-12-16.

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The article determines the features of adult education in Great Britain including the historical aspect of development. In general the adult education is the important part of continuous education. Among European countries Great Britain and Denmark are the leaders in distribution of professional studies and adult educations. There have been created new programs and projects of international educational processes supporting in these countries. In such projects considerable attention is paid to planning and training of adult individuals. At the same time, the adult education in Great Britain is one of priorities of public policy and bases on old historical traditions, high-quality indexes, sound scientifically-pedagogical researches, and practice of realization led to the effectiveness. The analysis of scientific literature showed that there have been used plenty of terms of continuous education conception in Great Britain, among them continuing education, andragogy, andragogics, andragology, recurrent education, adult education, permanent education, adult pedagogy, lifelong learning, оpen learning, and further education. The Open University became one of main universities of Great Britain that developed the idea of adult education. The author also admitted, that at the end of 70th the mechanism of government control of adult education system in Great Britain changed enough. These changes touched the part of scientific and technical progress of general economic crisis on a background passing of the country to the system of free market relations. At the same time, in majority universities of Great Britain there were founded centers of adult education. Such centers proposed the academic courses of different forms of studies and offered the ideas of forming knowledge in a counterbalance classic and called as transferring of knowledge from a teacher to the student. The introduction of innovative technologies in the system of adult education will change the reproductive nature of the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities of an adult.

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41

Sooter, Joshua Allen. "The Great Divergence Reconsidered: Or, Is it Time to Reconsider the Great Divergence Debate?" International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 7, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 1067–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.598.

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Twenty years ago, Kenneth Pomeranz’s The Great Divergence (2000) reshaped debates over the historical causes of Europe’s rapid nineteenthcentury industrialization and economic growth. By comparing the Yangzi Delta region of China to Britain, Pomeranz asserted that Europe was not exceptionally dynamic before the nineteenth century and that its divergence from Asia owed to colonial exploitation of the Americas and ecological contingencies, namely abundant coal deposits. Some recent studies have sought to refute or refine Pomeranz’s thesis using the Indian subcontinent as an historical case study. This essay reviews three of these works and, in doing so, demonstrates current methodological limitations of this debate. Specifically, recent scholarship, although seeking to critique Pomeranz, employs his two-way comparative methodology, but in a manner that operates within a Eurocentric teleology and takes the European historical experience as normative. Instead, I propose that scholars inquire after the historical connections among societies’ plural-yet-connected historical trajectories.

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42

Jones, Ian. "Transport policy and planning Great Britain." Australian Planner 47, no. 3 (September 2010): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2010.509032.

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43

SRISKANDAN, K. "CORRIGENDUM. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES IN GREAT BRITAIN: A HISTORICAL SURVEY." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 86, no. 4 (August 1989): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1989.2635.

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44

SRISKANDAN, K., PJ ANDREWS, DJ LEE, B. PRITCHARD, and T. SKETCH. "DISCUSSION. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES IN GREAT BRITAIN: A HISTORICAL SURVEY." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 88, no. 1 (February 1990): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1990.4665.

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45

Broadberry, Stephen. "Historical national accounting and dating the Great Divergence." Journal of Global History 16, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022820000388.

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AbstractBy offering a particular interpretation of the new evidence on historical national accounting, Goldstone argues for a return to the Pomeranz (2000) version of the Great Divergence, beginning only after 1800. However, he fails to distinguish between two very different patterns of pre-industrial growth: (1) alternating episodes of growing and shrinking without any long-term trend in per capita income and (2) episodes of growing interspersed by per capita incomes remaining on a plateau, so that per capita GDP trends upwards over the long run. The latter dynamic pattern occurred in Britain and Holland from the mid-fourteenth century, so that Northwest Europe first edged ahead of the Yangzi delta region of China in the eighteenth century.

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46

Ford, Trevor D., A. C. Waltham, M. J. Simms, A. R. Farrant, and H. S. Goldie. "Karst and Caves of Great Britain." Geographical Journal 164, no. 1 (March 1998): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3060556.

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47

Johnston, R. J. "An Environmentalist Upsurge in Great Britain?" Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 21, no. 7 (July 1989): 851–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a210851.

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48

Wright, Robert E. "Single-Parenthood and Poverty in Great Britain." Labour 8, no. 2 (June 1994): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00225.x.

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49

Sokirkin, Dmitriy N. "The outset of the British school of management sociology." SHS Web of Conferences 110 (2021): 04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111004018.

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The purpose of this work is to determine the chronological framework, the features, the main trends and the most prominent representatives of the initial period of creation of the national school of management sociology in Great Britain. In the course of the research process, such general scientific methods as analysis and generalization were used, as well as special methods: historical-genetic and historical periodization. As a result of the study, the data concerning the reasons and prerequisites for the formation of sociological knowledge in the British Isles were obtained. Analysis of the results enabled us to draw conclusions about the importance of the initial period for the subsequent development of the school of management sociology in Great Britain.

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50

Skrypniuk, Oleksandr, Myroslav Lutskyi, Roman Zvarych, Ivan Krykhovetskyi, and Halyna Lutska. "Features of the political regime of Great Britain." Revista Amazonia Investiga 12, no. 64 (May 30, 2023): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2023.64.04.29.

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The purpose of this article is to study the features of the political regime of Great Britain. Methodology. Methodological research has found its tactical expression in the following research methods: monographic, logical method, dogmatic, systemic, system analysis, historical, analyzes and synthesis Research results. The structural elements of the form of the State, which is characterized, among other things, by the form of the State and political regime, are considered. It is established that the political regime is a broader concept than the State or State and legal one. Scientific approaches to the concept of political regime, its forms and features, which are usually analyzed to determine its essence, are studied. Practical meaning. On the basis of the proposed characteristics, the peculiarities of the political regime of Great Britain, which is defined as democratic, are described. Value/originality. It is determined that there was a threat of introducing a totalitarian regime in Great Britain, however, democracy protected the monarchy from totalitarianism.

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