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1
Jackson, Christine E. "The Ward family of taxidermists." Archives of Natural History 45, no. 1 (April 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2018.0478.
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Three generations of Ward taxidermists practised their craft both in Britain and abroad. The grandfather, John, had a daughter Jane Catherine, and two sons, James Frederick and Edwin Henry, both of whom went to North America to collect birds (Henry with John James Audubon). Edwin Henry's own two sons, Edwin and Rowland, became two of the best known taxidermists in Great Britain. Edwin emigrated to California, where he taught his skills to his three sons. Rowland was the most famous, successful and wealthy member of the family, becoming world-renowned as a taxidermist.
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Woolrych, Austin. "Dating Milton's History of Britain." Historical Journal 36, no. 4 (December 1993): 929–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00014576.
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When I had the pleasure of reviewing Nicholas von Maltzahn's study of Milton's History of Britain, I had nothing but praise for the scholarship he brought to the whole intellectual background of the work, and for his judicious placing of it in the Miltonic canon. His book gives an excellent account of the state of British historiography in the first half of the seventeenth century, and shows how Milton's essentially humanist and literary conception of what a history should be, and his exclusive interest in narrative sources, made him already out of date in his method at a time when Spelman and Selden were pioneering a recognizably modern form of historical scholarship. He carefully traces the development of Milton's ambition to write a great national history, explaining why his first conception of a verse epic, singing the heroic past, gave way to that of a lofty prose narrative that would culminate in a celebration of God's presence with his elect nation in the struggle for religious and civil liberty in his own time. He deals fully and learnedly with the influences upon the style and content of the History, from Sallust (Milton's favourite exemplar) and Tacítus through Bacon (possibly) to the preachers of the Fast Sermons before the Long Parliament. He is illuminating about the close association in Milton's mind between eloquence and virtue, and about the ways in which his beliefs about the operation of divine providence modified his predominantly classical approach to the writing of history. He is thoroughly informative about the textual history of the work, and especially about the fragment published in 1681 as Mr John Miltons Character of the Long Parliament, whose editor he convincingly identifies as the arch-Tory Roger L'Estrange.
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Lacy, Tim. "Dreams of a Democratic Culture: Revising the Origins of the Great Books Idea, 1869-1921." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 7, no. 4 (October 2008): 397–441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400000840.
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British and American intellectuals began to formulate ideas about so-called great books from the mid-1800s to 1920. English critic Matthew Arnold's writings served as the fountainhead of ideas about the “best” books. But rather than simply buttress the opinions of highbrow cultural elites, he also inspired those with dreams of a democratized culture. From Arnold and from efforts such as Sir John Lubbock's “100 Best Books,” the pursuit of the “best” in books spread in both Victorian Britain and the United States. The phrase “great books” gained currency in the midst of profound technical, cultural, educational, and philosophical changes. Victorian-era literature professors in America rooted the idea in both education and popular culture through their encouragements to read. Finally, the idea explicitly took hold on college campuses, first with Charles Mills Gayley at the University of California at Berkeley and then John Erskine's General Honors seminar at Columbia University.
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Zabelina, N. Yu. "The Great War in the writings of British clergyman Reginald John Campbell." Russian Journal of Church History 2, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/2686-973x-2021-1-42.
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The analysis of various aspects of the part of the extensive philosophical and literary heritage of the English Protestant preacher Reginald John Campbell (1867–1956), which is devoted to the events of the First World War and the participation of Great Britain in it, is represented.His works, on the one hand, serve as a living document of an era still incomplete at the time of their writing; on the other hand, they represent philosophical and theological reflections in this context. At the same time, they are quite significant insights into social processes that went far beyond questions of faith, and even an attempt to predict structural changes in public life after the end of the Great War. This multi-dimensionality creates a rather interesting ‘stereoscopic’ picture of events, perceived by an influential, original, highly educated religious figure, who at the time of the creation of the corpus of texts under consideration was already a mature and insightful person.The author of the article attempts to reveal the versatility of R. J. Campbell’s judgments, immersed in the context of the events of the era, which is of interest to researchers of Church history and public life in Great Britain during this period.
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Cleevely, R. "John W. Salter, Sir William Logan, and Elkanah Billings: A Brief British Involvement in the First Decade of ‘Canadian Organic Remains’ (1859)." Earth Sciences History 12, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 142–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.12.2.e513u22148617mt0.
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John W. Salter, paleontologist of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and son-in-law of J. de C. Sowerby, was commissioned by Director William Logan to describe and illustrate Canadian fossils. The fossils were given to Salter in 1851 but publication did not take place until 1859. Decade I of Canadian Organic Remains by Salter was illustrated by steel engravings. This particular technology is virtually forgotten today, but despite difficulties in preparation eventually produced outstanding illustrations. Elkanah Billings, hired by Logan in 1856 as the first Canadian government palaeontologist, journeyed to Great Britain shortly after his appointment and studied with Salter. Billings produced the third Decade, but the first one to be published. Comparison of the Decades to similar publications of the times indicates that they accomplished Logan's goal of making Canadian fossils better known.
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Moore-Colyer, R. J. "From Great Wen to Toad Hall: Aspects of the Urban-Rural Divide in Inter-War Britain." Rural History 10, no. 1 (April 1999): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001710.
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Towards the end of his bittersweet novelVile BodiesEvelyn Waugh has his heroine Nina Blount flying across England en route for her disastrous honeymoon. Attempting to make what passed with him for conversation, her stupid and rather boorish husband managed lamentably to misquote John of Gaunt's ‘Sceptered isle’ speech from Richard II. Then, as Waugh wrote:
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Smith, Evan. "National Liberation for Whom? The Postcolonial Question, the Communist Party of Great Britain, and the Party’s African and Caribbean Membership." International Review of Social History 61, no. 2 (July 29, 2016): 283–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859016000249.
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AbstractThe Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) had a long tradition of anti-colonial activism since its foundation in 1920 and had been a champion of national liberation within the British Empire. However, the Party also adhered to the idea that Britain’s former colonies, once independent, would want to join a trade relationship with their former coloniser, believing that Britain required these forms of relationship to maintain supplies of food and raw materials. This position was maintained into the 1950s until challenged in 1956–1957 by the Party’s African and Caribbean membership, seizing the opportunity presented by the fallout of the political crises facing the CPGB in 1956. I argue in this article that this challenge was an important turning point for the Communist Party’s view on issues of imperialism and race, and also led to a burst of anti-colonial and anti-racist activism. But this victory by its African and Caribbean members was short-lived, as the political landscape and agenda of the CPGB shifted in the late 1960s.
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SCHUI, FLORIAN. "PRUSSIA'S ‘TRANS-OCEANIC MOMENT’: THE CREATION OF THE PRUSSIAN ASIATIC TRADE COMPANY IN 1750." Historical Journal 49, no. 1 (February 24, 2006): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05005157.
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In 1750 Frederick II of Prussia created a new trade company in Emden. Diplomats, merchants, and other observers in Britain, France, the Netherlands, and Hamburg reacted with great concern to this Prussian bid to join the world of overseas commerce. These concerns were not unfounded. Frederick pursued his goal with great determination. The article explains why Prussia embarked on this ultimately unsuccessful venture and why established commercial powers such as Britain or the Netherlands felt threatened by the new competitor. In this context the article explores an international debate about political economy that was associated with the creation of the Prussian trade company. This debate took place in Britain, the Netherlands, Hamburg, and Prussia. The case of the Prussian Asiatic trade company suggests that the concepts of Oceanic and Atlantic history need to be extended beyond the narrow stretch of coastal regions. In the Prussian case the drive to join the world of overseas commerce originated from the inland and from a country that had traditionally been oriented towards overland commerce and European expansion. The study of the events and debates associated with the creation of the trade company also suggests a partially new perspective on Prussia's economic policies in the period.
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Beerman, Eric. "The Last Battle of the American Revolution: Yorktown. No, The Bahamas! (The Spanish-American Expedition to Nassau in 1782)." Americas 45, no. 1 (July 1988): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007328.
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History generally records Lord Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown in October 1781 as the last battle of the American Revolution. Nevertheless, six months after that epic campaign, warships of the South Carolina Navy commanded by Commodore Alexander Gillon, transported Spanish General Juan Manuel de Cagigal's infantrymen from Havana to Nassau in the Bahamas, where the British capitulated on May 8, 1782. Thus, the Treaty of Versailles signed the following year made this little-known Spanish and American expedition the last battle of the American Revolution.The Bahamas, or Lucayos, an archipelago off the southeastern coast of the United States, take on increasing historical interest with the approach of the 500th Anniversary of Columbus's first landing in the New World 200 miles southeast of Nassau at Guanahani. The Bahamas, however, played only a minor role in the Spanish colonization of the Americas whereas, Great Britain gave priority to these strategic islands, making an initial settlement on the island of Eleuthera. The British later found a better harbor to the west and named the island New Providence which became their Bahama stronghold. King Charles II granted the Duke of Albemarle the Bahamas in 1670 and appointed John Wentworth as governor. Harrassed by plundering pirates, the British governor constructed a fort on New Providence in 1695 and named it Nassau in honor of King William III. The island's preoccupation changed in 1703 from marauding corsairs to a Spanish and French invasion during the War of the Spanish Succession. Great Britain regained control and maintained it until the outbreak of the American Revolution when John Paul Jones participated in the brief American seizure of Nassau in March 1776 in one of the first offensive operations in the history of the United States Navy.
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McLaren, Anne. "The Quest for a King: Gender, Marriage, and Succession in Elizabethan England." Journal of British Studies 41, no. 3 (July 2002): 259–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/341150.
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Some translation and joining of realms may turn to much good, and the wealth and tranquillity of many. As if we had a King for your Queen, or you [Scotland] a King for ours, it had been a goodly translation: to have united both realms in dominion, regiment and law, as they be in nature, language, and manners…. If you and we had joined together: it had made no great matter, on which side the King had been, so he had been religious…. It is religion and likeness of manners, that join men together … Where there is one faith, one baptism, and one Christ: there is narrower fraternity then, if they came out of one womb. (John Aylmer,An Harborowe for Faithful and Trew Subjectes, 1559)Me-thinketh it were to be wished of all wise men and her Majesty's good subjects, that the one of those two Queens of the isle of Britain were transformed into the shape of a man, to make so happy a marriage, as thereby there might be an unity of the whole isle. (Henry Killigrew to Robert Dudley, 31 December 1560)In 1559, John Aylmer responded to John Knox'sFirst Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Womenin order to win support for Elizabeth I's accession to the English throne. According to Aylmer, Knox identified as the “greatest inconvenience” of female rule the fact that the realm would be transferred to “strangers” when the queen married, ceding to her husband, as her superior, the power that had been invested in her.
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NEIBERG, MICHAEL S. "Revisiting the Myths: New Approaches to the Great War." Contemporary European History 13, no. 4 (November 2004): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777304001924.
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Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau and Annette Becker, 14–18: Understanding the Great War (New York: Hill & Wang), 280 pp., $24.00, ISBN 0-8090-4643-1.Jeremy Black, ed., War in the Modern World since 1815 (London: Routledge, 2003), 268 pp., £18.99, ISBN 0-415-25140-0.Gail Braybon, ed., Evidence, History, and the Great War: Historians and the Impact of 1914–18 (Oxford: Berghahn, 2003), 304 pp., £50.00, ISBN 1-57181-726-7.Roger Chickering and Stig Förster, eds., The Shadows of Total War: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919–1939 (Washington, DC, and Cambridge: German Historical Institute and Cambridge University Press, 2003), 364 pp., $60.00, ISBN 0-521-81236-4.Andrew Green, Writing the Great War: Sir James Edmonds and the Official Histories, 1915–48 (London: Frank Cass, 2003), 200 pp., £19.99, ISBN 0-7146-8430-9.John H. Morrow Jr, The Great War: An Imperial History (New York: Routledge, 2003), 352 pp., $27.50, ISBN 0-415-20439-9.Mario Morselli, Caporetto, 1917: Victory or Defeat? (London: Frank Cass, 2000), 176 pp., £65.00 (hb), ISBN 0-714-65073-0.Gary Sheffield, Forgotten Victory: The First World War, Myths and Realities (London: Headline, 2001), 318 pp., £7.99, ISBN 0-747-27157-7.The powers of Europe fought the Great War for more than four years, but it took France fifteen years to write its official history, Germany nineteen years, and the United Kingdom an astonishing twenty-six years. These works, moreover, encompass only land operations and fill twenty-three extraordinarily detailed volumes for France, an equal number for Great Britain, and fourteen volumes for Germany. The time and energy needed to compile the thousands of necessary documents, organise that data, and construct the interpretations reflect both the enormity of the war itself and the difficulty of finding meaning in an event that so deeply shook the continent.
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Wagstaff, J. M. "Colonel Leake and the Classical Topography of Asia Minor." Anatolian Studies 37 (December 1987): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642888.
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Almost everyone interested in the classical topography of Asia Minor is acquainted with the name of Leake. To Ramsay (1890, 51) he was “the greatest of modern topographers”. But few will know more than that he was a scholar to be reckoned with when attempting to locate classical sites or reconstruct ancient topographies. This paper outlines his career and his work on Asia Minor.Colonel Leake (Plate II a), as he was generally known during the last 47 years of his life, was born in Bolton Row, off Bolton Street, Piccadilly, on 14 January, 1777. The family name was actually Martin-Leake. It was adopted by William's great-grandfather, Captain Stephen Martin, in 1721 after he had inherited much of the property of his life-long friend, brother-in-law and commander, Sir John Leake (1656–1720), Rear-Admiral of Great Britain (Markham 1895). William's grandfather, after a spell in the Navy Office, became a herald (1727) and finally (1754) Garter King of Arms. Stephen Martin Leake, in fact, was one of the great holders of that office. Not only did he save the College of Arms from foundering, but he also launched it on a major phase of revival. He was a considerable heraldic scholar, as well (Noble 1805, 408–14; Wagner 1967, 380–406). Garter's second son, and William's father, was John Martin Leake (1739–1836).
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Lammey, David. "The Irish-Portuguese trade dispute, 1770-90." Irish Historical Studies 25, no. 97 (May 1986): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400025323.
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One dispute in Irish history which has not been given the attention it deserves is that which involved Britain, Ireland and Portugal during the years 1780-87 Authors of outline Irish histories, Lecky, Murray, George O’Brien and McDowell only mention the dispute briefly in their respective narratives, though it is clear they understood its importance to some degree at least. Maurice O’Connell, who has produced the only specialist study for the period in question, makes no reference to the dispute at all. This dispute has indeed been more substantially treated by the British historian, John Ehrman, within the general context of an analysis of the British government’s commercial negotiations from 1783 to 1793. However, the perspective he draws relates purely to Britain and Portugal, which, in itself, narrows the true significance of an episode which was important in that it completely undermined the benefits Ireland hoped to accrue from the free-trade legislation of 1779-80, and also because it raised a number of interesting questions relative to Ireland’s constitutional status vis-à-vis of Great Britain.
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Kolosova, Ekaterina I. "Walter Scott and Washington Irving: On the History of Personal and Professional Relationship." Literature of the Americas, no. 10 (2021): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2021-10-8-24.
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Walter Scott and Washington Irving are prominent representatives of the Romantic era who were bound by both professional and friendly relations. Their friendship is a remarkable episode in the history of transatlantic literary contacts. In 1817, in Abbotsford, their personal meeting took place, which positively influenced Irving's career. Scott introduced his colleague to his friend John Murray, who was one of the most influential Scottish publishers of his day. Through this meeting, Irving became the first American writer to gain recognition in the UK. An idea of the relationship between Scott and Irving is given by their personal correspondence. Despite the fact that some letters have been lost or are currently in the hands of private collectors, there is enough published material to outline the main topics and interests that united these two writers. In an addendum to the article there are four letters in Russian translation, written in October–December 1819. They are especially noteworthy because they touch on a number of important aspects for Irving's career. In 1819, the American writer took the first steps towards publication in Great Britain and turned to Scott for help. From the master he received a professional assessment of his American editions of The Sketch Book. Scott gave advice on what books are best to publish for an English reader, as well as offered to take the editor post of an anti-Jacobin magazine. In addition, in these letters Scott introduced his American colleague to the intricacies of 19thcentury Scotland book-making and offered the most beneficial ways to communicate with publishers, which is also of interest from the point of view of the history of publishing in the 19th century Great Britain.
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Velychenko, Stephen. "Empire Loyalism and Minority Nationalism in Great Britain and Imperial Russia, 1707 to 1914: Institutions, Law, and Nationality in Scotland and Ukraine." Comparative Studies in Society and History 39, no. 3 (July 1997): 413–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500020715.
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In 1812 a Russian army inflicted two decisive defeats on the Persian army. The resulting Treaty of Gulistan shifted tsarist borders 250 miles south and secured Russian control over Georgia and the Caspian Sea littoral. The commanding general, Piotr Kotliarevsky, received a second St. George Cross (the equivalent of the Victoria Cross) for this accomplishment—wounded in the battle, surgeons removed forty pieces of bone from his skull to save his life. The Persians were allied to Britain, who, fearing Russian and French designs on India, had sent a mission in 1810 headed by General John Malcolm, to the Shah. Charles Christie, a military advisor on the mission was killed in battle. Whereas Malcolm was an important agent of British policy in Central Asia and India, Christie was one of the first Europeans to travel and map the Afghano–Persian frontier. These achievements are normally logged into Russian and English history, but the men behind them were not native Russians nor Englishmen. Kotliarevsky was born into a lesser Ukrainian noble family in Kharkiv (Kharkov) province, while Malcolm and Christie were Scots. Like thousands of their countrymen, they served and made careers in the empires that ruled their native lands. A Ukrainian was Peter I's principal panegyrist. Scots wrote Rule Britannia and created “John Bull.”
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ALBANIS, ELISABETH. "JEWISH IDENTITY IN THE FACE OF ANTI-SEMITISM." Historical Journal 41, no. 3 (September 1998): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x98008024.
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A history of the Jews in the English-speaking world: Great Britain. By W. D. Rubinstein, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996. Pp. viii+539. ISBN 0-312-12542-9. £65.00.Pogroms: anti-Jewish violence in modern Russian history. Edited by John D. Klier and Shlomo Lambroza. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Pp. xx+393. ISBN 0-521-40532-7. £55.00.Western Jewry and the Zionist project, 1914–1933. By Michael Berkowitz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Pp. xvi+305. ISBN 0-521-47087-0. £35.00.Three books under review deal from different perspectives with the responses of Jews in Western and Eastern Europe to the increasing and more or less violent outbursts of anti-Semitism which they encountered in the years from 1880 to the Second World War. The first two titles consider how deep-rooted anti-Semitism was in Britain and Russia and in what sections of society it was most conspicuous, whereas the third asks how Western Jewry became motivated to support the Zionist project of settlement in Palestine; all three approach the question of how isolated or intergrated diaspora Jews were in their respective countries.
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Kaufman, M. H. "Genealogy of John and Charles Bell: Their Relationship with the Children of Charles Shaw of Ayr." Journal of Medical Biography 13, no. 4 (November 2005): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096777200501300409.
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The Reverend William Bell had six children who survived infancy. Two of his sons entered the legal profession and two other sons became distinguished anatomists and surgeons — John Bell, said for 20 years to have been the leading operating surgeon in Britain and throughout the world -and Sir Charles Bell, possibly the most distinguished anatomist and physiologist of his day. Information is not known about the fifth son or their sister. Charles Shaw, a lawyer of Ayr, had four sons and two daughters who survived infancy. Two of his sons, John and Alexander, became anatomists and later surgeons at the Middlesex Hospital, and both worked closely with Charles Bell at the Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy. His third son entered the law and his fourth son became a distinguished soldier. The two daughters of Charles Shaw married into the Bell family: Barbara married George Joseph Bell and Marion married Mr (later Sir) Charles Bell.
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Walter, Tony. "Great Deaths: Grieving, Religion, and Nationhood in Victorian and Edwardian Britain. By John Wolffe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Pp. ix+331. $49.95." Journal of Modern History 75, no. 3 (September 2003): 679–000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/380250.
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Engerman, Stanley L. "British Imperialism in a Mercantilist Age, 1492–1849: Conceptual Issues and Empirical Problems." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 16, no. 1 (March 1998): 195–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610900007102.
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Writing on the eve of one of the major transformations in the British Empire, Adam Smith more or less repeated the remark made by the Abbé Raynal several years earlier that «the discovery of America, and that of passage to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope, are the two greatest and most important events recorded in the history of mankind»l. Both of these great events of the 1490's, Columbus's discovery of the Americas and the sailing to India, a few years later, by Vasco de Gama, had no immediate impact on the British economy, but the opening up of this wider world for colonization and trading would soon have profound impacts on Britain and the other nations of Western Europe. In the same decade Britain, however, did make its first claim to New World territory, when John Cabot landed on Newfoundland in 1497, but it was to be about a century before title was clear and setdement begun. Not the first to establish an empire, the British rose to world-wide dominance over the course of the next three centuries.
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Keith, S. T., and Paul K. Hoch. "Formation of a research school: Theoretical solid state physics at Bristol 1930–54." British Journal for the History of Science 19, no. 1 (March 1986): 19–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400022731.
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In June 1930 the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) of the British Government awarded a modest research grant to J. E. (later Sir John) Lennard-Jones, Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Bristol, in response to a proposal submitted under the title of ‘A theoretical investigation of the physical properties of the solid state of matter’. This initiative marked the first notable recognition by public funding bodies in Great Britain of the potential contribution to be made by the new theoretical ideas in physics to a deeper understanding of the properties of industrially important materials, particularly metals and their alloys. The possible technological relevance of such a study was, indeed, a central factor in the decision to support it. The research arising out of this initial award provided the impetus for the first stage of Bristol theoretical research on the solid state of matter, an enterprise initially associated with the name of Lennard-Jones, and later with Nevili Mott who succeeded him as Professor of Theoretical Physics in 1933.
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Lewis, Donald M. "The Protestant Crusade in Great Britain, 1829–1860. By John Wolffe. Oxford Historical Monographs. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. xii + 366 pp. $79.00." Church History 63, no. 1 (March 1994): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3167871.
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Toniolo, Gianni. "A History of Central Banking in Great Britain and the United States. By John H. Wood. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Pp. index, 439." Journal of Economic History 69, no. 02 (May 26, 2009): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050709001016.
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Clement, Piet. "John H. Wood, A History of Central Banking in Great Britain and the United States (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009, 458 pp., paperback £18.99/$34.99)." Financial History Review 17, no. 1 (April 2010): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565010000053.
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Mazzocco, Angelo. "John F. D'Amico. Roman and German Humanism, 1450-1550. Ed. Paul F. Grendler. Vermont and Great Britain: Variorum, 1993. xii + 350 pp. $89.95." Renaissance Quarterly 50, no. 3 (1997): 930–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3039308.
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Young, John W. "Churchill's ‘No’ to Europe: The ‘Rejection’ of European Union by Churchill's Post-War Government, 1951–1952." Historical Journal 28, no. 4 (December 1985): 923–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00005136.
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There are several points in post-war history at which, it is argued, Britain lost an early opportunity to enter the European community. The refusals to join the Schuman Plan and Messina deliberations in the 1950s, and the failure of the E.E.C. applications of Macmillan and Wilson, are most commonly mentioned. But some commentators have pointed to another ‘missed opportunity’, following Winston Churchill's return to Downing Street in October 1951. For, in opposition, Churchill had seemed a great exponent of European unity, and several of his ministers – foremost among them the home secretary, Maxwell Fyfe, and housing minister, Harold Macmillan – had shown great enthusiasm for his ideas. Hopes that Churchill's government would favour a more positive approach to European unification were quickly disappointed, however: within weeks the foreign secretary, Anthony Eden, had ruled out any direct British role in Europe's emerging ‘supranational’ institutions, and in 1952 he defeated some determined efforts by Macmillan to change his policy. The ‘pro-Europeans’ did not forget this ‘betrayal’, however. They argued that a real opportunity to take the leadership of Europe had been lost and in the ensuing years, as Britain's failure to join the European community became more generally criticized, their thesis seemed credible. An examination of the evidence, however, allows a very different picture of this ‘missed opportunity’ to be painted.
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Gates, Barbara T. "INTRODUCTION: WHY VICTORIAN NATURAL HISTORY?" Victorian Literature and Culture 35, no. 2 (June 29, 2007): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150307051625.
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VICTORIANS WERE IN LOVE WITHnatural history. David Allen describes their passion as a series of crazes – over geology, over shells, and over ferns, as in pteridomania (mania over ferns) – to cite just a very few examples. Lynn Merrill, on the other hand, delineates a more comprehensive, cultural romance, one extending over many years. Whatever we choose to call this love, we are still in the process of discovering just how deep and lasting it was. Like many love affairs, it was marked at first by a blush enthusiasm and fascination with otherness. This was followed by curiosity and a rage to risk self in the quest to know more about the other – and sometimes, as a result, by ridiculous missteps. Think of George Eliot and George Henry Lewes sloshing around at the seashore, ill-equipped but determined to find out enough to write about what they were trying to capture and study. Or recall Mary Kingsley out in Africa in a canoe propelled by several Congolese, tumbling out of the boat but saving her trusted copy of Albert Günther's 1880Introduction to the Study of Fishes, tenacious in her desire to bring back labeled specimens to the British Museum of Natural history. Earlier, in a similarly resolute quest to record birdlife, John and Elizabeth Gould globe-trotted to the extent that they put Elizabeth's life and their growing family at risk. And people like explorer/naturalist Thomas Bowdich died of fever for their fervor over natural history, in Bowdich's case as he worked to detail facts about specimens in Porto Santo, off the coast of West Africa. Bowdich left a wife to fend for herself and their family via her own study of natural history, and one result was Sara Bowdich Lee's beautifully illustratedFresh-Water Fishes of Great Britain(1828). The romance with nature certainly cut across class and gender barriers. Stonecutter Hugh Miller could lose himself as easily in geological pursuits as could Charles Darwin or Sir Charles Lyell and Marianne North's passion for plants may well have matched or exceeded that of Kew's famous botanist, Sir Joseph Hooker.
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Pragnell, Hubert. "Tunnels in Arcadia: Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Portal Designs for the Great Western Railway." Architectural History 63 (2020): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/arh.2020.8.
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AbstractFrom the 1830s, the British landscape was transformed by the development of the steam-hauled railway system, which necessitated bridges, viaducts and tunnels. Of such structures, tunnel entrances feature little in serious studies of railway architecture. However, rich archival evidence exists relating to the designs of Isambard Kingdom Brunel for the tunnel portals on the Great Western Railway between London and Bristol, including numerous pencil and ink drawings in sketchbooks held by the Brunel Archive, University of Bristol, and watercolour elevations in the Network Rail Archive in York, as well as lithographs of the portals by John Cooke Bourne for his History and Description of the Great Western Railway (1846). Brunel's drawings, unique among nineteenth-century engineers, range from the classical style for Box and Middle Hill tunnels in Wiltshire, through the Gothic for Twerton in Somerset, to the Romanesque for Brislington on the edge of Bristol, his so-called ‘Tunnel No. 1’. In their variety and careful design, Brunel's portals represent an important part of Britain's railway and industrial architectural heritage.
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Colley, Linda. "Britishness and Otherness: An Argument." Journal of British Studies 31, no. 4 (October 1992): 309–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386013.
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There is no more effective way of bonding together the disparate sections of restless peoples than to unite them against outsiders. [E. J. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism since 1780 (Cambridge, 1990), p. 91]Britain is an invented nation, not so much older than the United States. [Peter Scott, Knowledge and Nation (Edinburgh, 1990), p. 168]The morning of Saturday, September 14, 1793, was bitterly cold, and George Macartney, Viscount Macartney of Dervock in the county of Antrim, had been up since four o'clock, making final preparations for his audience with the emperor of China at his summer palace at Jehol, just north of the Great Wall. He stood waiting in the large, silken tent for over an hour before Ch'ien-lung eventually arrived, “seated in an open palanquin, carried by sixteen bearers, attended by numbers of officers bearing flags, standards, and umbrellas.” To the fury of the watching Chinese courtiers who had wanted him to execute the full kowtow (three separate kneelings and nine knockings of the head on the floor), Macartney went down on one knee only and presented the emperor with a letter from George III in a gold casket covered with diamonds. He followed this with other gifts—pottery, the best that Josiah Wedgwood's factory in Staffordshire could produce, a diving bell patented by the Anglo-Scottish engineer John Smeaton, sword blades from Birmingham, an orrery, a telescope, and some clocks.
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Minton, Gretchen E. "“The same cause and like quarell”: Eusebius, John Foxe, and the Evolution of Ecclesiastical History." Church History 71, no. 4 (December 2002): 715–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000964070009627x.
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In 1563, just five years after Elizabeth ascended to the throne, John Foxe published the first edition of his Acts and Monuments. Part ecclesiastical history, part martyrology, part English chronicle, and entirely Protestant, this enormously popular work had a significant impact upon its age. The dedicatory letter to the Queen in this first edition begins with an elaborate woodcut of the letter C, in which Elizabeth sits enthroned. [See Figure 1.] This C is the beginning of the word “Constantine.” Foxe writes: “Constantine the greate and mightie Emperour, the sonne of Helene an Englyshe woman of this youre Realme and countrie (moste Christian and renowned Pryncesse Queene Elizabeth) … pacified and established the churche of Christ, being long before under persecution almost … 400 years” (1563 Pref. vi). Thus Foxe immediately emphasizes the supposed Englishness of Constantine and builds upon this link between Rome and Britain by implying that, just as Constantine had delivered the Christians from an age of persecution, so had Elizabeth. But there is another parallel that Foxe is interested in establishing, at which he hints as the letter continues. Foxe tells the story of how Constantine once traveled to Caesaria, where he promised to grant Eusebius, the Bishop, whatever he wanted for the good of the church: “The good and godly Byshop … made this petition, onely to obtaine at his maiesties hand under his seale and letters autentique, free leave and license through al the monarchie of Rome … to searche out the names, sufferinges and actes, of all such as suffered in al that time of persecution before, for the testimonie and faith of Christ Jesus” (1563 Pref., vi).
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Machin, Ian. "The Protestant Crusade in Great Britain 1829–1860. By John Wolffe (Oxford Historical Monographs.) Pp. xii + 366 incl. 4 figs and 11 tables. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991. £40. 0 19 820199 0." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 43, no. 2 (April 1992): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900001135.
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Keen, Michael C. "David Ure and the first illustrations of British fossil Ostracoda." Journal of Micropalaeontology 12, no. 1 (August 1, 1993): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.12.1.8.
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Abstract. 1993 is the bicenntenary of the publication of David Ure’s classic work, The History of Rutherglen and East-Kilbride, published with a view to promote the study of antiquity and natural history, and with it the start of studies in Britain of fossil ostracods. To commemorate this occasion, the 2nd. European Ostracodologists Meeting was held in the University of Glasgow July 23–27th, 1993.David Ure was born in 1750 the son of a weaver, a product of the Scottish enlightenment, who studied at Glagow Grammar School and then at the University of Glasgow. He was licensed to preach the gospel in 1783, and soon after was appointed Assistant Minister at East Kilbride, where he remained for seven years. During this time he collected material for his great work which was published after he had left East Kilbride for Newcastle.David Ure’s book was financed by public subscription, and amongst the 700 subscribers can be found many Professors from the Scottish Universities as well as the eminent geologists James Hutton and John Playfair. This was the heroic age of geology, when careful observations were leading to an understanding of basic principles. David Ure is often regarded as the "Father of Scottish Palaeontology". His book contains the first illustrations of fossils from Scotland, and is fairly unique for the period because his specimens are still preserved in the collections of the Hunterian Museum at the University of Glasgow and the City Museum and Art Gallery, Kelvingrove, Glasgow. The macrofossils are beautifully drawn, . . .
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Lucas, Peter J. "WILLIAM CAMDEN, SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ATLASES OF THE BRITISH ISLES AND THE PRINTING OF ANGLO-SAXON." Antiquaries Journal 98 (September 2018): 219–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000358151800015x.
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The sixth edition of Camden’s Britannia was published in 1607 with over fifty county maps printed from engraved plates. It was a pioneering work. In 1611, John Speed published his Theatre of The Empire of Great Britaine, again with over fifty county maps, many of them engraved by Jodocus Hondius from Amsterdam, and with an abridged version of Camden’s text. These books established a model that was followed later in Amsterdam itself in the great atlases of Blaeu and Janssonius. One of the ways Camden sought to augment the authority of his work was by using Anglo-Saxon types in his text for county names and the occasional passage in Anglo-Saxon (Old English). As the practice persisted, the progress of these type-designs is examined in relation to the development of the atlases. While Hondius’ map-making skills were imported to add to the English text, when the English text was brought to Amsterdam to add to the Dutch maps, the Dutch printers had to use their own skills to reproduce the Anglo-Saxon characters.
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Samoilova, Olha. "The process of British integration with European Union." Міжнародні відносини, суспільні комунікації та регіональні студії, no. 2 (May 29, 2017): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2524-2679-2017-02-161-170.
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The relations with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland are of the great importance for the European Union as well as for the United Kingdom, since the latter is dependent on the EU policies to some extent. As British nation has formally started the process of leaving the organization, it is important to investigate the process that led to the current state of affairs. To understand the current problem between sides, the history and process of establishing the relations should be studied. The problems appearing throughout the time still remain unresolved and prove the mutual interdependence and importance of their addressing for both the United Kingdom and the European Union. The article researches the main stages of British integration with the EU and their influence on the international relations within the European community. Since the first failed application to join the EEC in 1961 and later accession in 1973, the UK managed to occupy the leading position in the European Community with a number of beneficial rights. However, within the state the European integration provoked conflicts, i.e. between those who believe that Britain's future lies with Europe and those who believe it does not. In 1980-s the UK politicians stressed that the state paid a lot more into the EC budget than other members due to its relative lack of farms. The situation was worsened by J. Delors’ policy towards a more federal Europe and a single currency. T. Blair’s government was more European in its outlook than its predecessor, as he actively advocated the expansion of the European Union. However, Blair’s desire to get closer with the US dissatisfied Europeans. In 2011 D. Cameron became the first UK prime minister to veto a EU treaty. After winning reelection in May 2015, D. Cameron started the process of renegotiating the UK-EU relationship, putting on the list such issues as changes in migrant welfare payments, financial safeguards and easier ways for Britain to block EU regulations. On 23 June 2016 UK voters, inspired by Cameron, elected to withdraw from the European Union. The consequences of Brexit caused serious challenges the UK has to overcome in the nearest future.
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Maes, Ivo. "John H. Wood, A History of Central Banking in Great Britain and the United States (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005) pp. 439, xv, $90, ISBN 0-521-85013-4." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 29, no. 1 (March 2007): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200009652.
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YAMALIDOU, MARIA. "PETER HARMAN and SIMON MITTON (eds.), Cambridge Scientific Minds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. viii+343. ISBN 0-521-78612-6. £14.95 (paperback). DAVID MILLAR, IAN MILLAR, JOHN MILLAR and MARGARET MILLAR, The Cambridge Dictionary of Scientists. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xii+428. ISBN 0-521-00062-9. £14.95, $20.00 (paperback)." British Journal for the History of Science 37, no. 4 (December 2004): 466–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000708740421617x.
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Peter Harman and Simon Mitton (eds.), Cambridge Scientific Minds and David Millar, Ian Millar, John Millar and Margaret Millar, The Cambridge Dictionary of Scientists. By Maria Yamalidou 466Maria Michela Sassi, The Science of Man in Ancient Greece. By Laurence M. V. Totelin 467H. L. L. Busard, Johannes de Tinemue's Redaction of Euclid's Elements, the So-called Adelard III Version. Volume I: Introduction, Sigla and Descriptions of the Manuscripts, Editorial Remarks, Euclides, Elementa. Volume II: Conspectus Siglorum, Apparatus Criticus, Addenda. By Jackie Stedall 468Gerhard W. Kramer, The Firework Book: Gunpowder in Medieval Germany. By Simon Werrett 469Robert Crocker (ed.), Religion, Reason and Nature in Early Modern Europe. By Scott Mandelbrote 470Rienk Vermij, The Calvinist Copernicans: The Reception of the New Astronomy in the Dutch Republic, 1575–1750. By Owen Gingerich 471Rina Knoeff, Herman Boerhaave (1668–1738): Calvinist Chemist and Physician. By Georgette Ironside 472J. Christiaan Boudri, What was Mechanical about Mechanics: The Concept of Force between Metaphysics and Mechanics from Newton to Lagrange. By Niccolò Guicciardini 473Ken Alder, The Measure of All Things: The Seven-Year Odyssey that Transformed the World. By Graeme Gooday 474Berit Pedersen (ed.), A Guide to the Archives of the Royal Entomological Society. By J. F. M. Clark 476Richard Yeo, Science in the Public Sphere: Natural Knowledge in British Culture 1800–1860. By Leigh D. Bregman 477Louise Purbrick (ed.), The Great Exhibition of 1851: New Interdisciplinary Essays. By Nick Fisher 478Hermione Hobhouse, The Crystal Palace and the Great Exhibition: Art, Science and Productive Industry. A History of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. By Sophie Forgan 479Michael Worboys, Spreading Germs: Disease Theories and Medical Practice in Britain, 1865–1900. By Kenneth F. Kiple 480Greta Jones, ‘Captain of All these Men of Death’: The History of Tuberculosis in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Ireland. By Juliana Adelman 481Christopher Herbert, Victorian Relativity: Radical Thought and Scientific Discovery. By Hazel Hutchison 482Paul Ziche (ed.), Monismus um 1900: Wissenschaftskultur und Weltanschauung. By Peter Zigman 484Maggie Mort, Building the Trident Network: A Study of the Enrollment of People, Knowledge, and Machines. By Sean Johnston 485A. M. Moulin and A. Cambrosio (eds.), Singular Selves: Historical Issues and Contemporary Debates in Immunology/Dialogues entre soi: Questions historiques et débats contemporains en immunologie. By Pauline M. H. Mazumdar 486Ioan James, Remarkable Mathematicians: From Euler to von Neutmann. By Claire Jones 487Joseph W. Dauben and Christoph J. Scriba (eds.), Writing the History of Mathematics: Its Historical Development. By Adrian Rice 488Jill Ker Conway, Kenneth Keniston and Leo Marx (eds.), Earth, Air, Fire, Water: Humanistic Studies of the Environment. By Leigh Clayton 490Steven Weinberg, Facing Up: Science and Its Cultural Adversaries. By Steven French 491
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Levine, Susan. "Steam Laundries: Gender, Technology, and Work in the United States and Great Britain, 1880-1940. By Arwen P. Mohun (Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999) 352 pp. $48.00." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 32, no. 2 (October 2001): 334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002219501750442774.
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Youssef, M. Dr Yassar Ahmed. "Iraqi political movement in the League of Nations From the years (1921-1932)." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 222, no. 2 (November 6, 2018): 471–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v222i2.411.
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The study is concerned with the study of an important period of time in the history of modern Iraq, the period of the establishment of modern Iraq and independence through the end of the British Mandate and acceptance of joining the League of Nations, an international organization, which includes the membership of independent free countries, which took on the establishment of security and world peace through the adoption of the principle Prohibition of the use of force and the adoption of the principle of resolving international disputes by peaceful means, the research aims to achieve a set of important goals, namely:
1 - Highlight the efforts of the Iraqi government to join the League of Nations and clarify the reasons for this accession and the difficulties that accompanied the desire of the Hummah in this area.
2- Clarification of the role of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the accession of Iraq to the League of Nations during the period of occupation and mandate on Iraq.
3- Clarifying the position of the League of Nations and its member states on the issue of Iraq's membership and how to deal with its desire to enter it from the beginning of the negotiations until the decision to accept membership.
4 - Highlight the efforts of the most important Iraqi and foreign political figures, who had a role in the establishment of modern Iraq and joining the League of Nations.
Department of research into two basic topics, the first topic: the emergence of the modern Iraqi state. The second topic: Iraq, Britain and the League of Nations from the negotiations to join.
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Mather, L. E. "Dr Snow Killed a Bird: The Genesis of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Anaesthesia." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 45, no. 1_suppl (July 2017): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x170450s106.
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This essay presents a pharmacologist's perspective of what would be now called ‘preclinical research’ and ‘uncontrolled clinical trials’ surrounding the first public demonstration by William Thomas Green Morton of painless surgery achieved by the inhalation of ether in a patient at the Massachusetts General Hospital on 16 October 1846. Of the many people who made history in those earliest days of surgical anaesthesia in both the United States and Great Britain, John Snow stands out for his personal research that spanned basic science and clinical medicine. Primarily, Snow used the relationship between the vapour pressure of a volatile liquid and temperature to design a vaporiser. This allowed control of the inspired concentration of the volatile liquid epitomised by diethyl ether, and thus the time-course and depth of anaesthesia. In an era when developments in anaesthesia were almost exclusively based on empirical modifications to apparatus and technique, Snow, and to a lesser extent his contemporary Andrew Buchanan, stood out from all others in advancing the quantitative basis of anaesthesia. Both described the physiological basis of control over gas uptake whereby they related that gas moved across concentration gradients in the body: alveolar to arterial to tissue to venous gas tensions, and Snow devised a progressional semi-quantitative scale of five ‘stages’ of ether anaesthesia. They thereby introduced the elements of what would be referred to ‘pharmacokinetics’ and ‘pharmacodynamics’, a century later. This essay attempts to place them and their scientific insights into context with contemporaneous principal personae and knowledge.
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Howsam, Leslie. "ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE OR LITERARY GENRE?: THE ESTABLISHMENT OF BOUNDARIES IN HISTORICAL WRITING." Victorian Literature and Culture 32, no. 2 (September 2004): 525–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150304000646.
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SERIOUS PRACTITIONERS OF THE HISTORICALdiscipline in late nineteenth-century Britain mistrusted their culture's practice of framing the nation's contemporary greatness in terms of former glories. In the view of the new professional historians, it was essential to negotiate a boundary between their own professional work and that of amateurs, with science on one side and literature on the other. The stakes were high. John Robert Seeley thought the writings of men of letters, particularly Macaulay and Carlyle, had “spoiled the public taste,” by being so delightful to read that “to the general public no distinction remains between history and fiction….deprived of any, even the most distant association with science, [history] takes up its place definitively as a department of belles lettres” (“History and Politics” 292). He and others wanted a new generation of students whose work would appear in serious publications which would no more appeal to the general public than Newton'sPrincipia. A scientific training would prepare historians not only to research, write, and teach British history properly, but also to encounter the work of their peers as critical readers and knowledgeable reviewers. The boundary between popular and professional history (or between narrative and scientific approaches to the past) was often invoked by people like Seeley. A sharp dichotomy made for a compelling rhetoric of modernization and improvement. Earlier histories had been written inaccurately though patriotically, by gentlemen of letters for the general reader. Macaulay's essays, for example, had first appeared in theEdinburgh Review, and the great quarterlies continued to publish historical narratives that were unsatisfactory by modern standards. Equally unacceptable was the tradition of introducing children to their nation's past with such romanticized narratives asLittle Arthur's History of England. Maria Callcott was the anonymous author of this much-reprinted and often-maligned work. Now, applying to the discipline the principles of Leopold von Ranke and a newly rigorous approach which resonated with the broader contemporary culture of science, history-writing was to be limited to trained professionals, so that it might be made precise, verifiable, and reliable, even at the expense of narrative appeal. One colleague paraphrased Seeley's views pungently: “To make sure of being judged by competent judges only, we ought to make history so dull and unattractive that the general public will not wish to meddle with it” (Freeman 326).
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Rawsthorne, Phil. "Implementing the Ridley Report: The Role of Thatcher's Policy Unit during the Miners’ Strike of 1984–1985." International Labor and Working-Class History 94 (2018): 156–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547918000108.
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AbstractThe Conservative Party has long faced concerns that in regard to the great British miners’ strike of 1984–1985, senior Tories had, in fact, planned the confrontation as early as 1977, when still on the opposition benches. Historian John Savile pointed to the existence of the Ridley Report—a Conservative think-tank paper produced in 1977, which appeared to include a detailed blueprint on how to provoke, and secondly win, a battle against Britain's powerful miners’ union. After Margaret Thatcher's second election victory, and her first landslide, in 1983, the Prime Minister populated the Downing Street Policy Unit with private-sector allies who looked to implement aspects of the report. Some of these allies had clear economic incentives in running down British coal. Nevertheless, the Policy Unit members were instrumental in determining government policy concerning all aspects of the strike, including preparation, policing, the law courts, financial concerns and the portrayal of the strike in the media. The campaign by Thatcher's Policy Unit resulted in a shattering blow for Britain's trade union movement from which it has yet to recover—just as the Ridley Report had predicted.
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Olaszek, Ewelina. "Janina Kwiatkowska, Przez Kazachstan i Polskę stalinowską do Londynu – opowieść emigrantki." Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej 4 (October 30, 2014): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26774/wrhm.75.
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The article is the result of field research carried out by the author in Great Britain in 2013. It is a study of one of 21 accounts recorded with the oldest living Polish emigrants in London. The article is dedicated to the history of Hanina Melania Kwiatkowska born in 1930 in Kożany. Mrs Kwiatkowska was arrested during the war together with her family and deported to Kazakhstan where she spent six years. After the war she returned to the family estate, which the new Communist authorities transformed into a state-owned farm (PGR). The time spent in Stalinist Poland was the second phase of social degradation experienced by Mrs Kwiatkowska. Soon after the so-called “October thaw” in 1956, she managed to leave Poland and join her father, who together with other soldiers of the Second Polish Corps had stayed in England after the war. In London Janina Kwiatkowska experienced just another stage of degradation – as most Poles she started her stay in emigration with physical work. However, she quickly started to work her way up the professional ladder and she also got involved in the emigration environment of Poles in London.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 165, no. 2-3 (2009): 357–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003639.
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Des Alwi, Friends and exiles; A memoir of the nutmeg isles and the Indonesian nationalist movement. (Chris F. van Fraassen) James A. Anderson, The rebel den of Nùng Trí Cao; Loyalty and identity along the Sino-Vietnamese frontier. (Emmanuel Poisson) Reggie Baay, De njai; Het concubinaat in Nederlands-Indië. (Maya Sutedja-Liem) John Barker (ed.), The anthropology of morality in Melanesia and beyond. (Jaap Timmer) Kees Buijs, Powers of blessing from the wilderness and from heaven; Structure and transformations in the religion of the Toraja in the Mamasa area of South Sulawesi. (Robert Wessing) Jamie S. Davidson, From rebellion to riots; Collective violence on Indonesian Borneo. (Victor T. King) Kees van Dijk, The Netherlands Indies and the Great War, 1914-1918. (Jaap Anten) Linda España-Maram, Creating masculinity in Los Angeles’ Little Manila; Working-class Filipinos and popular culture, 1920s-1950s. (John D. Blanco) Renate Carstens, Durch Asien im Horizont des Goethekreises; Neue Facetten im Wirken Goethes. (Edwin Wieringa) James T. Collins, Bahasa Sanskerta dan Bahasa Melayu. (Arlo Griffiths) Victoria M. Clara van Groenendael, Jaranan; The horse dance and trance in East Java. (Dick van der Meij) Paul M. Handley, The king never smiles; A biography of Thailand’s Bhumibol Adulyadej. (Jeroen Rikkerink) Holger Jebens, Kago und kastom; Zum Verhältnis von kultureller Fremd- und Selbstwahrnehmung in West New Britain (Papua-Neuguinea). (Menno Hekker) Lee Hock Guan and Leo Suryadinata (eds), Language, nation and development in Southeast Asia. (Renata M. Lesner-Szwarc) Ross H. McLeod and Andrew MacIntyre (eds), Indonesia; Democracy and the promise of good governance. AND Patrick Ziegenhain, The Indonesian parliament and democratization. (Henk Schulte Nordholt) Laurent Sagart, Roger M. Blench, and Alicia Sanchez-Mazas (eds), The peopling of East Asia; Putting together archaeology, linguistics and genetics. (Alexander Adelaar) Saw Swee Hock, The population of Malaysia. (Gavin Jones) Henk Schulte Nordholt and Fridus Steijlen (producers), Don’t forget to remember me; A day in the life of Indonesia. (Jean Gelman Taylor) Karel Steenbrink, Catholics in Indonesia; A documented history. Volume I, A modest recovery 1808-1900; Volume 2 (with the cooperation of Paule Maas), The spectacular growth of a self-confident minority 1903-1942. (Chris de Jong) Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew Strathern (eds), Exchange and sacrifice. (Toon van Meijl) Hans Straver (samenst.), Wonder en geweld; De Molukken in de verbeelding van vertellers en schrijvers. (G.J. Schutte) Dendy Sugono et al. (eds), Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Pusat Bahasa; Edisi keempat. (Hein Steinhauer) Jacqueline Vel, Uma politics; An ethnography of democratization in West Sumba, Indonesia, 1986-2006. (Chris Lundry) C.W. Watson, Of self and injustice; Autobiography and repression in modern Indonesia. (Roxana Waterson)
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Markakis, John. "Americans and Ethiopia - Ethiopia at Bay: A Personal Account of the Haile Selassie Years. By John H. Spencer. Algonac, Michigan: Reference Publications, 1984. Pp. xiv + 397. $24.95. - Ethiopia, Great Britain, and the United States 1941–1974: The Politics of Empire. By Harold G. Marcus. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 1983. Pp. xii + 205. $26.00." Journal of African History 26, no. 4 (October 1985): 434–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700028966.
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Plate, S. Brent. "John latham's god is great and tate britain." Material Religion 2, no. 2 (July 2006): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/174322006778053663.
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Dublin, Thomas. "Steam Laundries: Gender, Technology, and Work in the United States and Great Britain, 1880–1940. ByArwen P. Mohun. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. 352 pp. Illustrations. Hardcover, $48.00. ISBN 0-801-86002-4." Business History Review 74, no. 2 (2000): 320–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116701.
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Butorina, O. V. "EUROPEAN UNION AFTER THE CRISIS: DECLIN OR RENAISSANCE?" MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(31) (August 28, 2013): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-4-31-71-81.
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The second challenging period (after the «eurosclerosis» of the 70-th) in the history of European integration has been going on for eight years. Measures taken by the EU institutions prevented the disintegration of the euro area, but the crisis is not over. We distinguish its four main consequences for the integration: 1) growing federalization of the euro zone, 2) a switch from multi-speed to a two- or three-tier integration model, 3) economization of decision-making process in the euro area, and 4) clearer demarcation of borders within the EU and with its neighbours. The rotation in the ECB Governing Council that may start in 2015, is likely to consolidate the leadership of the "hard core" countries in the decisionmaking process. Further communitarization of the economic part of the EMU makes it more difficult for newcomers to join the euro area and practically closes this window of opportunity for the Great Britain. The crisis revealed the objective limits of EU enlargement, the accession of Turkey became hardly realistic, as well as the start of accession negotiations with Ukraine. The return to a sustainable development of the EU countries requires deep modernization of the European economy and society. However, the ways of this modernization has not been determined yet. It is clear that further accumulation of wealth and growing consumption cannot be a solution. The headline targets and indicators of the "Europe 2020" strategy will be implemented only partially. Modernization process will be hampered by the lack of funding for basic science, which occurred due to the end of the "cold war", as well as social factors whose role in the economic progress had been previously underestimated. Upgrading the EU integration strategy will be possible after the elections to the European Parliament and the appointment of the new Commission in 2014.
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Andenæs, Johs. "John Stalker: «Stalker». Harap, Great Britain 1988. 288 sider." Lov og Rett 29, no. 10 (December 1, 1990): 646–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-3061-1990-10-12.
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Trevor-Roper, Hugh. "Pietro Giannone and Great Britain." Historical Journal 39, no. 3 (September 1996): 657–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00024481.
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ABSTRACTPietro Giannone was a revolutionary thinker who sought in the early decades of the eighteenth century to free Italy from the inveterate, legally entrenched feudal power of the church and then to free Christianity itself from the stifling and corrupting embrace of the political church. This essay tells the improbable story of how his writings were taken up and disseminated in Britain by the non-juring bishop and antiquary Richard Rawlinson, the learned but morally unsound Scottish journalist Archibald Bower, and an odd crew of Jacobites. It is shown that the translations of Giannone got into some very influential hands and represent part of an undervalued Jacobite contribution to the origins of the Scottish Enlightenment and to the thought of Edward Gibbon.
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Williamson, Arthur H. "From the Invention of Great Britain to the Creation of British History: A New Historiography - The British Isles, 1100–1500: Comparisons, Contrasts, and Connections. Edited by R. R. Davies. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers, 1988. Pp. xi + 159. £18.00. - Scotland and England, 1286–1815. Edited by Roger A. Mason. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers, 1987. Pp. viii + 270. £20.00 - The Formation of the British State: England, Scotland, and the Union, 1603–1707. By Brian P. Levack. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Pp. viii + 260. $24.95." Journal of British Studies 29, no. 3 (July 1990): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385960.
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Stewart Weaver. "Great Britain and the World." Reviews in American History 37, no. 3 (2009): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.0.0112.
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