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Journal articles on the topic 'Great Britain – Military relations – Germany'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Koybaev, Boris G. "The Allied Powers in Iran during World War II: the fight against German agents." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 2(2021) (June 25, 2021): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2021-2-44-49.

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On the eve of the Second World War, Iran’s relations with Germany in the field of political, trade, economic, military and cultural relations significantly increased. At the same time, Iran’s relations with the Soviet Union and Britain were deteriorating. Many attempts to enter Iran, especially to gain access to Iranian oil, have also been made by the United States. They were actively opposed by the USSR and Great Britain, and the latter acted more decisively and persistently, which caused the anger of Washington. All this prompted Tehran to search for a “third force” that could protect Iran f

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2

Locaitis, Linas. "Colonel k. Škirpa's suggestion to guarrantee Lithuanian independence by Germany and the Soviet Union and their pledge to support Lithuania in her fight for Vilnius." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 6 (December 28, 1998): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.1998.37283.

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In the 1930's, Colonel Kazys Škirpa served as Lithuania's military attaché in Berlin. His responsibilities included the representation of the Lithuanian Army, development and promotion of friendly relations between Lithuanian and German armies, and collection of information about the German army itself. However, very often during meetings with high-ranking German military staff officers, Colonel K. Škirpa not only discussed political problems that had arisen between Lithuania and Germany, but also spoke of a joint military action against Poland. He attempted to gain support from Germany and th

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3

Nesterova, T. P. "Ethiopia and Great Powers in Final Stage of Italo-Ethiopian War (March — May 1936)." Nauchnyi dialog 12, no. 8 (2023): 438–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-8-438-454.

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This article examines the political situation that emerged in international relations after Germany’s remilitarization of the Rhineland on March 7, 1936, and the impact this event had on the development of the Italo-Ethiopian War in both political and military spheres. Published diplomatic documents from Italy, France, the Soviet Union, and the League of Nations are studied. It is argued that the introduction of German troops into the Rhineland significantly diminished the interest of major powers in the Italo-Ethiopian War and brought to the forefront their desire for “Italy’s return to Europ

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4

ONEA, TUDOR A. "Between dominance and decline: status anxiety and great power rivalry." Review of International Studies 40, no. 1 (2013): 125–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210512000563.

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AbstractThis article investigates the role of status considerations in the response of dominant powers to the rise of emergent states. Accordingly, the hypothesis explored is that dominant actors are prone to fear that they will lose their upper rank, and, due to this status anxiety, resist the efforts of emergent powers to match or surpass them. The article begins by explaining why political actors deem status important and puts forward a theory of status anxiety in world politics. The more pronounced is this anxiety across status dimensions (economic and military capabilities as well as pres

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Gajownik, Tomasz. "Podpułkownik dyplomowany Andrzej Czerwiński i jego raport z 1933 roku o sytuacji polityczno-wojskowej w Czechosłowacji oraz warunkach i możliwościach pracy attachatu w Pradze." Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 11 (November 6, 2018): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7228.

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In 1933 geopolitical situation in Europe had been changed. The leaders of four countries: Great Britain, France, Italy and Germany tried to make some agreement of ruling on the continent. For such countries like Poland and Czechoslovakia this agreement could be very dangerous. Both of them had a very difficult mutual relations. But potential threat could bring them closer. In a spirit of those thinking, polish military attache lt. Col. Andrzej Czerwiński had prepared a short report of political and military situation in Czechoslovakia, especially in the face of German’s pressures. He was writi

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Pavlov, Nikolay. "Germany in the Middle East: from Bismarck to Hitler." ISTORIYA 12, no. 12-2 (110) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840019238-0.

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Germany has always been interested in expanding its influence in the Middle East where the strategic interests of the main imperialist powers competing among one another met. For a long time this region was for Germany a territory that provided access to sea, played the role of the military and political bridgehead, was a source of raw materials and a market for German goods. Having embarked on the path of colonial conquests much later than Great Britain and France, Germany was forced not to conquer but to win back its share of the “colonial pie”. Nevertheless, Germany managed to take a leadin

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Fomin, A. M. "British Policy and Strategy in the Middle East in 1941: Three Wars ‘East of Suez’." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 3 (2020): 191–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-3-191-221.

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After the defeat of France in the summer of 1940, Great Britain was left face to face with the Nazi Germany. It managed to endure the ﬁrst act of the ‘Battle of Britain’, but could not wage a full-scale war on the continent. Under these conditions, the defense of the British positions in the Mediterranean and in the Middle East became a top priority for W. Churchill’s cabinet. The author examines three episodes of Great Britain’s struggle for the Middle East in 1941 (Iraq, Syria, Iran), framing them into the general logic of the German-British confrontation during this period.The author emphas

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8

Dudaiti, Аlbert K. "Problems of Iran’s relations with the leading world Powers in the initial period of the Second World War (1939–1941)." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 3(2021) (September 25, 2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2021-3-12-19.

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The article examines the complex relations between Iran and the leading world powers at the initial stage of the Second World War. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that Iran’s foreign policy is considered in the context of active diplomatic maneuvers of the Reza Shah government aimed at distancing itself from the belligerent powers and preserving Iran’s neutrality. The novelty of the research consists in studying the features of the foreign policy actions of the government of the Ira, which allow us to reveal the reasons for the formation of conflict relations with Great Britain a

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Myagkov, Mikhail. "Operations “Bagration” and “Overlord”: the USSR and the Western Allies in 1944." ISTORIYA 16, S24 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840034681-8.

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The article is devoted to the difficult relations between the USSR, the USA and Great Britain, which developed on the issue of the opening of a second front by the Western allies during the World War II. The disputes of the timing and details of the landing in France, discussions on this issue in Moscow, London, Washington, Quebec, and Tehran in 1941—1943 are considered. The problem of the attitude of the leaders of Great Britain and the United States to the decisive contribution of the Red Army to the defeat of Nazi Germany is touched upon. The military assistance of the USSR to its Western a

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10

Trunov, Philipp. "Germany’s security and defense policy : transformation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 1 (2022): 254–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.01.10.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant obstacles to the implementation of national foreign policies, including the reduction of the resource base. This article analyzes the schemes and forms of government activities that can reduce the negative impact of the pandemic factor. The object of the study is the Federal Republic of Germany, which is currently at a turning point in its development: the end of A. Merkel’s «era» (autumn 2021) is accompanied by a large number of unresolved foreign policy tasks that prevent Germany from establishing itself as a world power. The article provides a d

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Tkachuk, T. "The United States Position on the Military Assistance to Great Britain at the Beginning of the World War II (1939 – 1941)." Problems of World History, no. 17 (January 27, 2022): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2022-17-5.

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The article examines the problem of relations between the two leading countries of the world – Great Britain and the United States, which had a significant impact on the international political situation in the world in 1939–1941, and still have nowadays. As a vector of research, the author used the factor of American military aid to the British governments of N. Chamberlain and W. Churchill to fight against Nazi Germany. According to this, the author aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis and his own assessment of the United States’ position on providing Britain with the necessary weapons

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Kharkovsky, Ruslan. "Mahdist State in the Colonial Struggle of France and Great Britain in Sudan (1880s — 1890s)." ISTORIYA 13, no. 2 (112) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840020471-7.

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The article analyzes the evolution of the “Sudanese question” in the system of international relations in the last third of the 19th century. The thesis is argued that for Great Britain control over the Sudanese territories was an important link in the struggle for the creation of the world’s largest colonial empire. The threat of war between Britain and France during this period was quite real. The military, primarily naval, weakness of France was one of the essential reasons for its retreat from Sudan. The settlement of the colonial differences between England and France in Northeast Africa

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13

Guberman, Victoria V. "Factors of “Tension” in Anglo-German Diplomatic Relations between 1904–1911." Общество: философия, история, культура, no. 8 (August 23, 2023): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2023.8.25.

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The content of the article analyzes the state of diplomatic relations between Great Britain and Germany in the period between 1904–1911. Special emphasis is placed on the designated period in order to identify and de-scribe the factors that caused the growth of political and economic contradictions. In this context, the buildup of Germany’s naval potential and its orientation towards strengthening its position in the traditional colonial sys-tem, considering the arms race between the two countries that began in the light of the events that took place, is considered in detail. Based on the anal

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14

Mirzekhanov, Velikhan. "The Batum Subsystem of International Relations: Problems of Formation and Inter-Imperial Competition, June-August 1918." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640021032-3.

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The implementation of the Treaty of Batum on 4 June 1918 signalled the hegemony of the Ottoman Empire in the macro-region between the Black and Caspian Seas. From the very first days it provoked opposition from other imperial actors, including Germany, an ally of Turkey. In June–July 1918, all the contenders for control of the post-imperial spaces of the former Ottoman Empire were forced to combine coercive and diplomatic means to strengthen their positions, recruiting allies and amassing forces. Due to a number of objective reasons, none of the great powers had the necessary resources to achi

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15

Streltsov, D. V. "Japan’s Joining the Tripartite Pact: An Elaborate Strategy or an Opportunistic Solution?" Yearbook Japan 53 (December 10, 2024): 161–82. https://doi.org/10.55105/2687-1440-2024-53-161-182.

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The article addresses the motivation of Japan to join the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy in 1940. The internal political struggle in Japan on this issue is analyzed, with special emphasis on the positions of the main political forces and, first of all, the Army and Navy factions. The main point of contradiction between them was the question of whether Japan should conclude a pact with Germany in the context of its interests regarding the relations with the three major powers – Great Britain, the USA, and the USSR.According to the author, with the arrival of the second Konoe cabinet, th

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Kazakova, Oxana, and Yuliia Samoilenko. "MUTUAL RELATIONS BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND POLAND AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR THROUGH THE PRYSM OF THE WAR CABINET ACTIVITY (BASED ON THE OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS OF THE BRITISH NATIONAL ARCHIVES)." Міжнародні відносини, суспільні комунікації та регіональні студії, no. 3 (11) (October 27, 2021): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2524-2679-2021-03-6-16.

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The article reveals mutual relationships between Great Britain and Poland on the verge of the Second World War based on the British National Archives documents. The authors acknowledge principles of the British foreign policy towards Poland and the activity of its diplomatic corps along with the War Cabinet. The paper determines that diplomatic and military-political relations between Great Britain and Poland have been multidimensional with deep historical roots. The article represents the analysis of the main misunderstandings and challenges that determined British-Polish relations befo

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Tkachuk, Taras. "JAPANESE INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRITISH-AMERICAN RELATIONS BEFORE AND AT THE BEGINNING OF THE WORLD WAR II (1931 – 1940)." American History & Politics: Scientific edition, no. 13 (2022): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2022.13.6.

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The article examines the relationship between two leading countries – Great Britain and the United States, which had a significant impact on international political situation in the world in 1930s and still have nowadays. As a vector of research, the author takes the factor of the Japanese militaristic regime because of the rather similar current geopolitical situation due to the aggressive actions of Russian Federation. According to this, the author aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis and his own assessment of the impact of Japan’s behavior in the international arena on the development

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18

Naumov, Aleksandr O. "Moscow's Position on the Remilitarization of the Rhineland." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no. 4 (2022): 1199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.410.

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The article examines the problem of the remilitarization of the Rhineland by Nazi Germany in March 1936 through the prism of the perception of this event in the Soviet military and political-diplomatic circles. Special attention is paid to the analysis of archival materials introduced into scholarly circulation for the first time, allowing a new look at the position of the USSR during the development of crisis trends in the Versailles system of international relations. The author comes to the conclusion that the Rhineland crisis played a crucial role in changing the balance of power in Europe,

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Vonog, E. A. "CONTEMPORARIES OF THE CIVIL WAR IN RUSSIA AND REPRESENTATIVES OF ALBION: THE NATURE OF RELATIONS, REFLECTED IN THE FILM AND PHOTO DOCUMENTS OF THE BRITISH INTERVENTIONISTS IN THE PERIOD 1918–1919." Siberian journal of anthropology 06, no. 5/2 (2021): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31804/2542-1816-2021-5-2-19-35.

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Despite the British support of the Russian White movement during such events as the intervention and the Civil War in Russia, the effective actions of Albion towards the anti-Bolshevik forces can hardly be considered friendly. For centuries, Great Britain acted as an opponent of Russia, and only in the first half of the 20th century because of Kaiser and later fascist Germany threats Great Britain and Russia established short-term allied relations. The study of assessments connected with Great Britain standpoint of certain historical events in our country, as well as the historical experience

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20

Zosidze, Nugzar. "GEORGIAN, RUSSIAN, AND TURKISH RELATIONS AT THE DAWN OF GEORGIA'S STATEHOOD - THE BREST-LITOVSK PEACE NEGOTIATIONS." Innovative economics and management 11, no. 3 (2024): 290–304. https://doi.org/10.46361/2449-2604.11.3.2024.290-304.

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Nugzar Zosidze E-mail: n.zosidze@bsu.edu.ge Associate Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University Georgia, Batumi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2613-3365 Abstract: The February Revolution of 1917 became the harbinger of a new period in the history of the peoples within the Russian Empire. The Brest Peace of 1918 became one of the most significant events in Russian history. In August 1914, when the military campaign began, the German leadership believed that it would be short-lived. However, instead of a quick victory, Germany found itself in a protracted war on two fronts. In November 191

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Sava, Laura Antoaneta. "CONTEXTUL POLITICO-MILITAR PRIVIND RELAȚIILE ROMÂNO-BULGARE ÎN OLTENIA LA SFÂRȘITUL PRIMULUI RĂZBOI MONDIAL." Arhivele Olteniei 38 (December 20, 2025): 83–90. https://doi.org/10.59277/ao.38.07.

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At the end of the World War I, Romanian-Bulgarian relations were tense due to territorial disputes and the military presence in the region. Romania and Bulgaria were involved in direct confrontations throughout the war, and after its conclusion, peace negotiations resulted in significant territorial losses for Bulgaria. Romania gained control over regions of southern Dobrogea and northern Bulgaria, while Bulgaria was forced to cede territory to Romania and other states under peace treaties signed at the end of the war. These territorial changes affected bilateral relations between the two coun

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Poltorak, Sergey N., and Anastasia V. Zotova. "“Russia wants anything but war...”. On April 13, 1941, Stalin's April 13, 1941 farewell to the Japanese Foreign Minister Yo. Matsuoka on the eve of the Great Patriotic War." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2025): 171–85. https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2025-1-171-185.

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On the threshold of the 80th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War, a number of scientific issues still remain poorly publicized. Among them is the history of international relations between the Soviet Union and Japan on the eve of the invasion of Hitler's Germany into the territory of the USSR. Researchers have not yet introduced into scientific circulation a number of documents that comprehensively reveal the process of development of relations between the Soviet Union and its eastern neighbor, which at that time was Hitler's main ally. The purpose of the

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Golson, Eric. "THE ALLIED NEUTRAL? PORTUGUESE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS WITH THE UK AND GERMANY IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR, 1939-1945." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 38, no. 1 (2020): 79–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610919000314.

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ABSTRACTIn September 1939, Portugal made a realist strategic choice to preserve the Portuguese Empire maintaining by its neutrality and also remaining an ally of Great Britain. While the Portuguese could rely largely on their colonies for raw materials to sustain the mainland, the country had long depended on British transportation for these goods and the Portuguese military. With the British priority now given to war transportation, Portugal's economy and Empire were particularly vulnerable. The Portuguese dictator Antonio Salazar sought to mitigate this damage by maintaining particularly fri

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Middeke, Michael. "Anglo-American Nuclear Weapons Cooperation After the Nassau Conference: The British Policy of Interdependence." Journal of Cold War Studies 2, no. 2 (2000): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15203970051032318.

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The Anglo-American summit at Nassau in December 1962 did not strictly separate Britain's deterrent from the proposed Multilateral Force (MLF). As a result, Conservative governments in the 1960s tried to safeguard maximum British independence in nuclear relations with the United States. The British tried to thwart American initiatives on the mixed-manned MLF; some British officials even hoped to preserve an “independent British deterrent” through nuclear cooperation with France. For the United States, the British deterrent had political value in an intra-alliance or East-West context, but no mi

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Т.Г., Посредникова. "ВОЕННОЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ И СОЕДИНЕННЫХ ШТАТОВ АМЕРИКИ В ГОДЫ ВТОРОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ". Человеческий капитал, № 7(175) (19 липня 2023): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25629/hc.2023.07.07.

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В статье рассматривается военный аспект сотрудничества Великобритании и Соединенных Штатов Америки в годы Второй мировой войны. Выявляются проблемы, присущие взаимоотношениям союзников и политике альянса в рамках большой стратегии. Рассматривается объединение усилий видов вооруженных сил под единым командованием; раскрываются факторы, которые способствовали успеху или неудачам в действиях коалиции. Исследуется реализация доктрин ведения комбинированной и совместной войн. Предпринимается попытка оценить результат взаимодействия британских и американских вооруженных сил. Выяснено, что США, испов

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Goncharenko, A. V., and T. O. Safonova. "Great Britain and the tvolution of the colonial system (end 19th – beginning 20th centuries)." SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL, no. 35 (2020): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2020.i35.p.60.

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The article investigates the impact of Great Britain on the evolution of colonialism in the late ХІХ and early ХХ centuries. It is analyzed the sources and scientific literature on the policy of the United Kingdom in the colonial question in the late ХІХ – early ХХ century. The reasons, course and consequences of the intensification of British policy in the colonial problem are described. The process of formation and implementation of London’s initiatives in the colonial question during the period under study is studied. It is considered the position of Great Britain on the transformation of t

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Bulyk, M., and M. Mitko. "THE UKRAINIAN ISSUE IN THE UK FOREIGN POLICY IN THE TIMES OF RUSSIAN AGGRESSION." Bulletin of Mariupol State University Series History Political Studies 13, no. 37 (2023): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2023-13-37-49-58.

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The article analyses the impact of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the development of international relations in the context of the armed conflict in Ukraine. The determination of the political course of the UK is the starting point of the research, which determines the following analysis of its foreign policy on Ukraine. The UK's role and strategy in relations with Ukraine and other countries during the conflict are also explored. The article deals with UK contribution to the resolution of the crisis and its support for Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integri

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Zyabrikov, Vitaly V. "Saxon Diplomacy in the First Months of the Second Silesian War (August/October 1744)." Novaya i Novejshaya Istoriya, no. 1 (May 23, 2024): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0130386424010042.

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In the mid-eighteenth century, the Electorate of Saxony, one of the largest German states joined in a personal union with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, played a significant role in European politics. Relations with Saxony were critical in the diplomatic calculations of Europe’s major powers, including Great Britain, France, and Austria. This holds true during the time of the Silesian Wars (1740–1742; 1744–1745) as Prussia’s strengthening political influence gave rise to two major power centres in Germany. Austria and Prussia were both keen on winning Saxony’s favour as a potential ally.

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Chernoperov, V. L., and E. A. Reshetov. "FROM THE HISTORY OF SOVIET-SWEDISH MILITARY RELATIONS IN THE 1920S - 1930S." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 08, no. 03 (2024): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2024-08-03-110-124.

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The article is devoted to Soviet-Swedish military relations in the 1920s - 1930s. It is based on sources from the Russian State Archive of Economics and the Archive of Foreign Policy. Most of them are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The relevance of the article is due to its low level of study. As a result of the study, it was found that Soviet-Swedish military ties included transactions for the purchase of weapons, engines for warships, uniforms for military personnel and other goods for the Red Army. Especially impressive was the interaction with the Bofors c

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Chernyavsky, S. I. "The People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs (NKID) of the USSR in the City of Kuibyshev (1941-1943)." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 4 (2020): 178–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-4-73-178-198.

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This article analyzes the work of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs (NKID) of the USSR in the city of Kuibyshev (now Samara), where it was evacuated in 1941- 1943 together with other central government agencies and the diplomatic corps accredited in the USSR. Although this period was quite short, and though key decisions were, of course, made in Moscow, intense rough work was being carried out in the “reserve capital”, which ensured the solution of the tasks set by the country's leadership to the NKID apparatus.The aggression of Nazi Germany found the Soviet Union poorly prepared no

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Hilbrenner, Anke. "Russian History Policy in Germany 2020: Memory of World War II as an Argument." Mediaforum : Analytics, Forecasts, Information Management, no. 16 (June 30, 2025): 72–76. https://doi.org/10.31861/mediaforum.2025.16.72-76.

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In this scientific thesis, the author examines the topic of Russification of Soviet military history as a trend in the context of the deployment of modern Russian propaganda. After all, it was historical memory that also became a constitutive element of special German-Russian relations in the 1990s and early 2000s. However, in recent years, Russian history policy can no longer be reconciled with the German understanding of historical truth and academic freedom. The article analyzes some aspects of V. Putin’s 2020 narrative, which was dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II

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Belov, Dmitry A. "UK National Archives on the Significance of the Battle of Stalingrad: A Review of Sources and Research Prospects." Общество: философия, история, культура, no. 7 (July 24, 2024): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2024.7.25.

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This article presents the findings of a multi-year scientific research endeavor conducted under the auspices of two grant projects. Initially supported by the Russian State Science Foundation, the research subsequently evolved into an international traveling exhibition format funded by the Presidential Grants Fund. The author posits that in the forthcoming decades, the most promising avenue within this thematic domain will be the ex-ploration of Stalingrad as a pivotal aspect of Great Britain’s social and political landscape during the Second World War. Preliminary findings from archival resea

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Avramenko, I. "Strategies of US foreign policy at the end of the 20-th – at the beginning of the 21-st centuries." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 76 (2023): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.76.2.30.

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The article investigates the foreign policy strategies of the United States, beginning with the collapse of the Soviet Union, with an emphasis on key regions - the Middle East, Central and Eastern Europe, and the Indo-Pacific region. The work assesses the international situation and presents the author’s views on future changes in the system of international relations. It is noted that since the beginning of the XXI century, the USA began to lose its position on the international arena, which was due to the difficulty of maintaining existing positions, as well as the incompetence of the

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Zametica, Jovan. "Sir Austen Chamberlain and the Italo-Yugoslav crisis over Albania February - May 1927." Balcanica, no. 36 (2005): 203–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc0536203z.

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In the Spring of 1927 a major European crisis was developing in the Balkans It concerned the rivalry between Mussolini?s Italy and the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes over Albania in which, though a small and backward country, both Rome and Belgrade claimed to have legitimate political and security interests. At the time, the Italo-Yugoslav crisis was seen by many observers as containing the potential of turning into a war the Italian government in particular insisting that Belgrade was engaged in military preparations in order to launch an invasion of Albania. An important factor th

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Savinova, Anna. "The problem of security of Mediterranean communications in French policy in the spring of 1938." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 4 (April 2020): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.4.33296.

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This article explores the representations of French diplomats and military chiefs on the methods of ensuring security of Mediterranean communications against the background of unfolding Austrian crisis in the spring of 1938. Although national and foreign researchers discusses the existence of a threat to French communications in the Mediterranean, Paris&rsquo; position on this problem alongside the change of its approach, have not previously become the subject of separate research. The author attempts to elucidate why Paris resorted to the questions of military cooperation with London in t

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Lukic, Reneo. "Greater Serbia: A New Reality in the Balkans." Nationalities Papers 22, no. 1 (1994): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/00905999408408309.

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“We Serbs must militarily defeat our enemies and conquer the territories we need.”Vojislav Maksimovic, MemberBosnian Serb Parliament“I don't see what's wrong with Greater Serbia. There's nothing wrong with a greater Germany, or with Great Britain.”Bosnian Serb LeaderRadovan KaradžićThe break-up of Yugoslavia has come about as a result of national, economic and political conflicts which by the end of 1987 had taken on unprecedented dimensions. At that point, latent political conflicts between various republics came into the open. More specifically, the conflict between Serbs and Albanians in Ko

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Shevkunov, Georgy A. "The Russian Revolution (1917): External Factors of Influence." Public Administration. E-journal (Russia), no. 105, 2024 (August 31, 2024): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu2070-1381-105-2024-80-92.

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The problem of the relationship between external and internal factors that initiated the events of the February Revolution in Russia occupies an important place not only in historical science, but also in a number of other related fields of knowledge. In this case, the role of the external factor is of particular importance, when foreign countries, pursuing their national interests, actively interfere in the internal life of a particular state. The extreme form of such interference is direct military clashes, but this does not exclude the use of other forms of influence. On the one hand, the c

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Shumilov, M. M. "Engagement of European Countries in the Implementation of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy (Part 1)." Administrative Consulting, no. 11 (December 7, 2023): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2023-11-25-45.

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Globalization has contributed to the development of economic relations between Europe and the Indo-Pacific. However, after 2011 they were influenced by the American “pivot to Asia” and the shift of US attention from countering international terrorism to rivalry with the “revisionist” powers — Russia and China. In 2019, with the adoption of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy, China became their main regional rival. The rivalry with him provided for the Americans to unite their Asian allies in a network of managed formal alliances, as well as to connect Great Britain and France to solving strategic ta

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Shumilov, M. M. "Engagement of European Countries in the Implementation of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy (Part 2)." Administrative Consulting, no. 12 (January 7, 2024): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2023-12-9-33.

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Globalization has contributed to the development of economic relations between Europe and the Indo-Pacific. However, after 2011 they were influenced by the American “pivot to Asia” and the shift of US attention from countering international terrorism to rivalry with the “revisionist” powers — Russia and China. In 2019, with the adoption of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy, China became their main regional rival. The rivalry with him provided for the Americans to unite their Asian allies in a network of managed formal alliances, as well as to connect Great Britain and France to solving strategic ta

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Shumilov, Mikhail M. "Engagement of European Countries in the Implementation of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy (Part 1)." Administrative Consulting, no. 11 (179) (June 7, 2023): 25–45. https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2023-11-25-45.

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Globalization has contributed to the development of economic relations between Europe and the Indo-Pacific. However, after 2011 they were influenced by the American “pivot to Asia” and the shift of US attention from countering international terrorism to rivalry with the “revisionist” powers — Russia and China. In 2019, with the adoption of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy, China became their main regional rival. The rivalry with him provided for the Americans to unite their Asian allies in a network of managed formal alliances, as well as to connect Great Britain and

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Shumilov, Mikhail M. "Engagement of European Countries in the Implementation of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy (Part 2)." Administrative Consulting, no. 12 (180) (June 7, 2023): 9–33. https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2023-12-9-33.

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Globalization has contributed to the development of economic relations between Europe and the Indo-Pacific. However, after 2011 they were influenced by the American “pivot to Asia” and the shift of US attention from countering international terrorism to rivalry with the “revisionist” powers — Russia and China. In 2019, with the adoption of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy, China became their main regional rival. The rivalry with him provided for the Americans to unite their Asian allies in a network of managed formal alliances, as well as to connect Great Britain and

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Kondratieva, Natalia. "STATE AID TO THE EU ECONOMY BEFORE AND AFTER THE PANDEMIC." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 30, no. 6 (2022): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran620225260.

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The article gives an idea about the volume of companies subsidizing in the EU. The characteristics of the last decade are revealed: stable growth, which led to a doubling of government aid spending, then a huge surge at the end of the period under review due to the COVID-19 crisis. The types of assistance are described, as well as the conditions under which it can be provided from state budgets according to the Temporary Anti-Crisis Program of the EU, put into effect in March 2022 in connection with Russia’s Special Military Operation in Ukraine and allowing additional state subsidies. Signifi

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LYTVYN, Mykola. "UKRAINE AS AN OBJECT OF GLOBAL GEOPOLITICS: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND LESSONS OF THE RESOLUTION OF THE CONFERENCE OF AMBASSADORS IN MARCH 14, 1923." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 37 (2023): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2023-37-80-94.

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The report reconstructs how one hundred years ago the world's largest powers, primarily France, Great Britain, Japan, the Kingdom of Italy, and the United States, began to build a new Versailles-Washington system of international relations, which consolidated territorial changes as a result of the First World War and the collapse of the German, Ottoman, and Austrian-Hungarian and Russian empires. The geopolitical prerequisites and consequences of the Resolution of the Council of Ambassadors of March 14, 1923 regarding Eastern Galicia are analyzed. It has been proven that the principle of self-

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Mustafa, Aram Ali. "The Relationships between the Soviet Union and the Turkey (1920-1930) and its impact on the Kurdish issue." Journal of University of Human Development 5, no. 4 (2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v5n4y2019.pp25-40.

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Relations between Russia and Turkey have gone through five centuries at different stages, sometimes in difficult wars and conflicts, sometimes in harmony and good relations. However, conditions changed in the eighteenth century, when the Ottoman Empire was weakened and disintegrated. Russia played an important role in cutting down parts of the Caucasus and Central Asia, as well as in reducing the boundaries of the Ottoman Empire, which was considered a great nation for centuries. At the end of the First World War, after the victory of the October Revolution of 1917 in Russia, Russian tro

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Borisov, A. Yu. "The Anti-Hitler Coalition: From Enmity to Military Alliance — A Formula for Success." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 3 (2020): 7–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-3-7-44.

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It is unfortunate to note again today that World War II did not end, it continues in the form of the war of memory. Politicians and scholars who stand as ideological successors of collaborators are trying to rewrite the history of those tragic days, to downplay the role of the Soviet Union in the victory over fascism. They try to revive certain political myths, which have been debunked long ago, that the Soviet Union and the Nazi Germany bear equal responsibility for the outbreak of World War II, that the Red Army did not liberate Eastern Europe but ‘occupied’ it. In order to combat these atte

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Romanova, E. V. "Soviet Russia/the USSR and transformation of the international relations system in the first half of the 1920s." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 14, no. 3 (2022): 11–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2022-14-3-11-52.

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The paper examines the formation of the Soviet state and its place within the European international relations system in the first half of the 1920s both in the context of new principles of interstate interaction, the character of economic relations between countries, and geopolitical transformations triggered by the First World War. The first section covers the political and ideological aspects of relations between Soviet Russia/the USSR and Western countries. The author shows that, despite the prominence of ideological conflict in the development of the IR system that emerged after the First

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Romanova, E. V. "Soviet Russia/the USSR and transformation of the international relations system in the first half of the 1920s." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 14, no. 3 (2022): 11–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2022-14-3-11-51.

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The paper examines the formation of the Soviet state and its place within the European international relations system in the first half of the 1920s both in the context of new principles of interstate interaction, the character of economic relations between countries, and geopolitical transformations triggered by the First World War. The first section covers the political and ideological aspects of relations between Soviet Russia/the USSR and Western countries. The author shows that, despite the prominence of ideological conflict in the development of the IR system that emerged after the First

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Shacillo, Vyacheslav. "The First (1895) and the Second (1903) Venezuelan Crises: a Comparative Analysis of Geopolitical Consequences." ISTORIYA 12, no. 12-1 (110) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018150-4.

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The article presents a comparative analysis of the geopolitical consequences of two international crises in Latin America in the end of 19th — the beginning of the 20th century. The first Venezuelan crisis caused by a territorial dispute between Venezuela and the British Empire, worsened also relations between Washington and London. The government of the USA considered that the territorial claims of Great Britain to one of the Latin American countries threatened the vital interests of the United States and were in contradiction with the principles of the Monroe doctrine. Based on such consider

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Grachov, Artem. "The break-through of “Goeben” and “Breslau” in British Foreign policy." Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 33 (October 7, 2021): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2021-33.113-127.

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The work analyzes the events around cruisers “Goeben” and “Breslau” in British foreign policy, and their connection with the broader problems of Foreign Office diplomacy in the Ottoman Empire and neighboring countries. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientificity, objectivity, systematics and the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-comparative, problem-chronological) methods. The scientific novelty lies in the fact the multimethodology is used to the problem of cruisers “Goeben” and “Breslau” and their c

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David, François. "Deux théâtres, un même conflit ? Le poids de l'Union française sur l'intégration atlantique 1952-1956." Revue Historique des Armées 236, no. 3 (2004): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2004.5623.

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This study begins with striking the geopolitical balance in Europe of the French Indochinese war within the framework of the Cold War. On one side, France needs an independent expeditionary force to remain a World power during the 1950's. On the other side, ECD or NATO require to keep important French field forces on the European soil, since the EDC Agreements and then the London Agreements assign 12 divisions to West Germany. Therefore, each theatre of operations is ambiguous and source of misunderstandings with the Atlantic allies of France, especially United States and Great Britain. On one

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