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Academic literature on the topic 'Great Britain. Social Science Research Council'
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Journal articles on the topic "Great Britain. Social Science Research Council"
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Salter, Brian, and Ted Tapper. "The application of science and scientific autonomy in Great Britain: A case study of the Science and Engineering Research Council." Minerva 31, no. 1 (1993): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01096171.
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Kendell, R. E. "The future of psychiatric research in Britain." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 2, no. 2 (1987): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00000766.
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SummaryThe prospect for psychiatric research in Britain is bleak. The U.K. government reduced its funding of British Universities by about 10 % between 1980 and 1983 and is now imposing further reductions of about 2 % a year for the foreseeable future. Funding of the Research Councils is also being reduced at a similar rate. As a result many academic and technical posts in our medical schools have already been lost or “frozen” and many more seem destined to disappear before the end of the decade. Although charitable bodies like the Wellcome Foundation are attempting to provide additional funds to offset the damage serious harm is being done to British medical research, and to British science in general.Psychiatric research suffers along with everything else. For the past generation our strength and our most important achievements have been in social psychiatry. Very few departments have the laboratories or the expertise to mount fundamental biological research and in the present financial climate they have little hope of acquiring this capacity. The Medical Research Council spends its shrinking funds as wisely as it can and there is still a great deal of expertise in our university departments and MRC units, but our capacity to compete with the United States is waning fast. We will do our best to continue to do research which is well designed, innovative and useful. But unless our financial predicament changes we will be responsible for a decreasing proportion of the most important and influential studies, particularly in the biological sphere in which the major developments of the next decade are likely to come.
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Ilina, Irina E., Elena N. Zharova, and Natalya N. Koroleva. "Support for Young Researchers: Foreign Practices and the Possibility of their Application in Russia." Integration of Education 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 352–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.100.024.202003.352-376.
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Introduction. In the era of globalization and the development of the digital economy, the key resource for the development of the state is human resources, that is why all developed countries have engaged in competition to attract talented young researchers. The purpose of the article is to analyze successful foreign practices of countries that are leaders in innovative development (USA, China, South Korea, Great Britain, France) to support young researchers and formulate, on the basis of this analysis, recommendations for their use in Russia. Materials and Methods. The study used scientometric methods, in particular, statistical, content analysis, thesaurus, as well as graphical analysis and mathematical methods for processing structured and unstructured big data. Results. The analysis of tools for identifying and supporting young researchers from foreign countries – leaders of innovative development, including activities implemented by government, scientific foundations, universities, associations and research agencies, councils of scientific societies and other institutions is presented. A large number of support tools was considered at all stages of building a career in the field of science, from identifying talented youth to financial and social support for young doctors of science. Recommendations on expanding the range of such tools in Russian practice were formulated. Discussion and Conclusion. The study is of interest to Russian scientific foundations willing to emulate the best foreign practices, as well as to federal executive bodies in order to make effective decisions on the way of improving the system of scientific funding.
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Leyland, Alastair H., Samiratou Ouédraogo, Julian Nam, Lyndal Bond, Andrew H. Briggs, Ron Gray, Rachael Wood, and Ruth Dundas. "Evaluation of Health in Pregnancy grants in Scotland: a natural experiment using routine data." Public Health Research 5, no. 6 (October 2017): 1–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr05060.
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Background Pregnancy and the period around birth are critical for the development and improvement of population health as well as the health of mothers and babies, with outcomes such as birthweight influencing adult health. Objectives We evaluated the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Health in Pregnancy (HiP) grants in Scotland, looking for differential outcomes when the scheme was in place, as well as before its implementation and after its withdrawal. Design The HiP grants were evaluated as a natural experiment using interrupted time series analysis. We had comparison groups of women who delivered before the grants were introduced and after the grants were withdrawn. Setting Scotland, UK. Participants A total of 525,400 singleton births delivered between 24 and 44 weeks in hospitals across Scotland between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014. Intervention The HiP grant was a universal, unconditional cash transfer of £190 for women in Great Britain and Northern Ireland reaching 25 weeks of pregnancy if they had sought health advice from a doctor or midwife. The grant was introduced for women with a due date on or after 6 April 2009 and subsequently withdrawn for women reaching the 25th week of pregnancy on or after 1 January 2011. The programme was paid for by Her Majesty’s Treasury. Main outcome measures Our primary outcome measure was birthweight. Secondary outcome measures included maternal behaviour, measures of size, measures of stage and birth outcomes. Data sources The data came from the Scottish maternity and neonatal database held by the Information and Services Division at the NHS National Services Scotland. Results There was no statistically significant effect on birthweight, with births during the intervention period being, on average, 2.3 g [95% confidence interval (CI) –1.9 to 6.6 g] lighter than would have been expected had the pre-intervention trend continued. Mean gestational age at booking (i.e. the first antenatal appointment with a health-care professional) decreased by 0.35 weeks (95% CI 0.29 to 0.41 weeks) and the odds of booking before 25 weeks increased by 10% [odds ratio (OR) 1.10, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.18] during the intervention but decreased again post intervention (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.00). The odds of neonatal death increased by 84% (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.78) and the odds of having an emergency caesarean section increased by 7% (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.10) during the intervention period. Conclusions The decrease in the odds of booking before 25 weeks following withdrawal of the intervention makes it likely that the HiP grants influenced maternal health-care-seeking behaviour. It is unclear why neonatal mortality and emergency caesarean section rates increased, but plausible explanations include the effects of the swine flu outbreak in 2009 and the global financial crisis. The study is limited by its non-randomised design. Future research could assess an eligibility threshold for payment earlier than the 25th week of pregnancy. Funding The National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme. The Social and Public Health Sciences Unit is core funded by the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12017/13) and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU13).
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Kopiika, Valerii. "The Diplomatic Pioneer: Provenance, Patrimony, Pertinence Marking the 75th Anniversary of the Institute of International Relations." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XX (2019): 799–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2019-55.
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Universities have historically merited a special place in world history as the locus of science, upbringing, humanism, and freedom of expression. However, modernity is routinely putting their tenacity and toughness to test by challenges of social existence, where every individual, government and society alike are transforming faced with globalization, communicative technologies, climate change and the new type of the world economy. The Institute of International Relations is therefore seeking to reiterate the irreplaceable value, virtues and vistas of a classical university in the ever-changing world of today. Since its inception, the IIR has come a long way from a small department to the major educational and methodological centre of Ukraine for training experts in international relations and foreign policy. Nevertheless, the life in the precincts of the Institute is not confined to research in the silence of laboratories or libraries. Thus, under interuniversity agreements, the IIR cooperates with more than 60 higher educational establishments from Belgium, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Iran, Japan, Poland, the Republic of Korea, Spain, and the US. Within the framework of international cooperation attention is also attached to the matters of professional ethics: For four consecutive years, the IIR has taken part in the Strengthening Academic Integrity in Ukraine Project (SAIUP) under the aegis of the American Councils for International Education in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine backed by the US Embassy in Ukraine. In recent years, the Institute has set up an extensive network of international project activities, as amply demonstrated by the establishment of Ukraine’s sole Centre for Arabic Studies and the Youth Information Centre of the Ukrainian Red Cross Society. Capitalizing on the generated momentum, in 2019, the IIR won an overarching victory in the competition for the establishment of the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence under the EU’s Erasmus + Programme to become the only such project in Ukraine. The Institute of International Relations is also mindful of employability and future careers of its graduates. Such initiatives as the Career Day, traditionally bringing together the world’s leading employers, the IIR Business School and the Memorandum of Cooperation between the Institute and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine are there to serve this purpose. Our Institute is an opportunity to open up to the world by virtue of new knowledge, academic exchange programs and internship in the best universities. This is the place not only to meet loyal friends and wise teachers, but also to unite the IIR traditions and achievements with the global perspective and break new ground of thinking. Keywords: the Institute of International Relations, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, joint degree, master classes of practitioners, case studies, language training, English-language master programmes.
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Owens, John R., and Larry L. Wade. "Economic Conditions and Constituency Voting in Great Britain." Political Studies 36, no. 1 (March 1988): 30–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1988.tb00215.x.
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The extent to which levels and trends in local unemployment and income influenced the Conservative vote in 633 separate British constituency elections in 1983 is estimated in several regression models. Long-term influences on voting are controlled by the endogenous variables of social class and territoriality. It is argued that this research design is superior to previous ones that have treated general elections as national elections in exploring the economic theory of voting. Sensitivity analysis (the use of several models to illuminate the research problem posed) suggests that, unlike America congressional elections, current rates and trends in local unemployment and income exerted a substantial and systematic influence on constituency voting.
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Clair, Amy, Jasmine Fledderjohann, Doireann Lalor, and Rachel Loopstra. "The Housing Situations of Food Bank Users in Great Britain." Social Policy and Society 19, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746419000150.
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Food bank use in Great Britain has risen substantially over the last decade. The considerable socioeconomic disadvantage of the food bank user population has been documented, but little research has examined whether housing problems intersect with insecure food access. Using data from 598 households accessing assistance from twenty-four food banks operating in Great Britain in 2016–2017, we found that nearly 18 per cent of households were homeless, with more having experienced homelessness in the past twelve months. Renters from both the private and social rented sectors were also overrepresented in the sample. Households in both private and social rented housing reported high rates of rent arrears and poor conditions; those in private housing were also more likely to live in homes with damp, to have moved in past year, and to be worried about a forced move in future. Overall, housing problems are widespread among food bank users; policy interventions are needed.
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Hill, John S. "Book Review: The Conscription Controversy in Great Britain, 1900-18." Armed Forces & Society 15, no. 3 (April 1989): 468–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x8901500311.
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Carpenter, Laura M. "Demedicalization and Remedicalization of Male Circumcision in Great Britain and the United States." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (July 2009): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2009-en2011.
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- This study explicates the theoretically important, yet inadequately specified, processes of demedicalization and remedicalization by comparing the histories of male circumcision in Great Britain and the United States. Although circumcision was medicalized to a similar degree in both countries before World War II, by the 1960s, circumcision was almost completely demedicalized in Britain and almost universal in the U.S. Since then, circumcision has become partially demedicalized in the U.S. Medical professionals and insurance/healthcare systems drove demedicalization in both countries; in the U.S., grassroots activists also played a critical role, while medical community "holdouts" resisted demedicalization. Recent research indicating that circumcision inhibits HIV transmission is differentially likely to produce remedicalization in the two nations, given differences in circumcision prevalence, HIV epidemiology, insurance/health systems, activism opportunities, and status of religious groups. Future research should theorize the life cycle of medicalization, explore comparative cases, and attend more closely to medical "holdouts" from previous eras, prevalence and duration of medicalized practices, and barriers to non-medical interpretations.Keywords: medicalization, demedicalization, remedicalization, health, circumcision, sociology.Parole chiave: medicalizzazione, demedicalizzazione, rimedicalizzazione, salute, circoncisione, sociologia.
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KING, DESMOND. "The Politics of Social Research: Institutionalizing Public Funding Regimes in the United States and Britain." British Journal of Political Science 28, no. 3 (July 1998): 415–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123498000192.
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In the twenty years after 1945 both the United States and Britain created public funding regimes for social science, through the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) respectively. The historical and political contexts in which these institutions were founded differed, but the assumptions about social science concurred. This article uses archival sources to explain this comparative pattern. It is argued that the political context in both countries played a key role in the development of the two research agencies. In each country the need politically to stress the neutrality of social research – though for different reasons in each case – produced a bias towards positivist scientific methodology, untempered by ideology. This propensity created the trajectory upon which each country's public funding regime rests.
Books on the topic "Great Britain. Social Science Research Council"
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Britain), Science and Engineering Research Council (Great. Corporate plan 1989. Swindon: Science and Engineering Research Council, 1988.
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Hard and unreal advice: Mothers, social science, and the Victorian poverty experts. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
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1947-, Quintas Paul, and Wield David, eds. High-tech fantasies: Science parks in society, science, and space. London: Routledge, 1992.
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Think tanks, social democracy and social policy. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
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Selling science in the age of Newton: Advertising and the commoditization of knowledge. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub., 2010.
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Burns, Danny. Systemic action research: A strategy for whole system change. Bristol: Policy Press, 2007.
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Maluccio, Anthony N. Child welfare outcome research in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Washington, DC: CWLA Press, 2000.
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Elias, Norbert. The established and the outsiders: A sociological enquiry into community problems. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications, 1994.
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Tom, Chapman, ed. Realising participation: Elderly people as active users of health and social care. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Great Britain. Social Science Research Council"
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Grove, J. Morgan. "Of Fish and Platypus: If You Could Ask a Fish What It Feels Like to Swim." In Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199380213.003.0018.
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I was in the first cohort of scientists who was specifically trained in long-term, socioecological research. My cohort may have a “disciplinary home,” but we are less likely to be exclusive to a single discipline. My research requires diverse approaches and skill sets that address the spatial, organizational, and temporal complexity of human ecosystems. Donald Stokes identifies several categories of research, including (1) pure basic research, (2) pure applied research, and (3) use-inspired basic research. Most of my research and the research from Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) is use-inspired basic research, which is intended to advance both science and decision making. Collaborative research is not for everyone. My collaborative research in BES is more like playing in a jazz ensemble than a regimented orchestra. My participation in the BES Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project has fostered lifelong friendships that are multigenerational. I imagine that if I could ask a fish what it feels like to swim, it would be puzzled. It has never known any other way of being than to swim. Likewise, I am puzzled when asked what it is like to work on an LTER project. I have never known any other type of research program. Furthermore, the project I work on, the BES, is quite different from all but one of the other US LTER projects. It is an urban site and was designed to be interdisciplinary from its conception. Perhaps I am being asked what it is like to be a platypus. (The platypus is a strange mammal that has a duck-like bill, beaver tail, otter feet; that lays eggs; and that carries venom. When the platypus was first encountered by Europeans in the late 1790s, a pelt and sketch were sent back to Great Britain. British scientists thought initially that the evidence provided was a hoax.) How did I come to have such a bizarre combination of traits and how does it feel? In this essay, I try to answer these questions by describing my professional training and experience working as a co–principal investigator and the lead for the social science research team for the BES for the past 17 years.
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Marks, Shula. "‘Bending the rules’: South African Refugees in the UK, 1960–1980." In In Defence of Learning. British Academy, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264812.003.0017.
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In this chapter, the author reflects on her long personal association with the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL)/Council for Assisting Refugee Academics and many of its South African grantees. The academic refugees who came to the SPSL's notice in the 1960s, specially the South Africans, bent the ‘rules’ and signalled the new ways in which the SPSL was going to have to work in a very changed social and educational environment in Britain, and equally great changes in the nature of the academic refugees. Before the rise of Hitler, German scholars had advanced the frontiers of knowledge in the sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities. And in many of these fields the Jews of Central Europe had played a crucial role. Increasingly from the 1960s, however, many of the refugee academics to the UK were from the so-called ‘third world’, especially Latin America and countries just emerging from colonialism in Africa. Academic refugees from South Africa formed something of a bridge between the old and the new. While most of the South African grantees were white and from institutions modelled on British universities, they were on the whole younger and less highly qualified than the earlier generation of grantees. The very small number of Africans assisted at this time were in fact far more eminent; significantly, however, they were the very first Africans to be assisted by the Society.
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Davis, J. H. R. "Raymond William Firth, 1901–2002." In Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 124. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, III. British Academy, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263204.003.0005.
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Raymond Firth was an anthropologist, working chiefly in the Pacific, Malaysia and London, in the fields of economics, religion and kinship. Firth held permanent teaching posts at Sydney (1930–2) and at the London School of Economics (1932–40, 1944–68). During the Second World War he served in Naval Intelligence; he became secretary of the Colonial Social Science Research Council in 1944–5, and was a founding member of the Association of Social Anthropologists of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth in 1946. Firth was a patient and generous teacher whose many graduate students remained loyal throughout their lives; he was an able and purposeful administrator of great integrity: no one alive can remember him doing a mean or malicious or self-interested act. In anthropology he was resolutely humane and empirical: his aim was always to convey the variety and complexity of people's experience, and to show how his theory was based on that understanding.
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Baldwin, Peter. "How the West Was One." In The Narcissism of Minor Differences. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195391206.003.0020.
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When Americans Compare Their Country to others, it is almost invariably to find fault with it. Of course, there are tub-thumpers on the right wing, for whom the United States is the greatest nation and comparisons are drawn merely to underline that preeminence. But they are a predictable lot, and intellectually of no consequence. Comparisons with abroad are of little use when preaching to the choir if the choir does not care. Most conservative Americans are too uninterested in Europe to sit still for comparative explanations of U.S. superiority. Mitt Romney got very little traction from attacking French health care and other things Gallic during his abortive run for the Republican nomination in 2007. The vast majority of Americans’ comparisons are undertaken by social scientists with liberal leanings who hope that the United States will some day approximate Europe when it comes to family allowances, universal health insurance, parental leave, and the like. For them, Europe means northern Europe. They either ignore the south or see it too as aspiring to north European status. Stockholm is the mecca toward which the social science faithful pray. Because of their political reform agenda—fervent but unfulfilled—the tone they strike is wistful. Take as a recent example the American Human Development Report, published by a preeminent institution, the Social Science Research Council, and prefaced by multiple well-wishes from the great and the good. It is modeled on the UN’s attempt to sum up economic and human well-being in a single number, to compare nations and progress over time. Its wealth of information lays bare the sometimes dramatic disparities within the United States and shows where it is lagging in relation to peer comparison countries. That is all well and good, and who could fault it? It is when sight is lost of the larger picture that worries begin. Thus, the report presents a chart (Figure 1.2) showing an apparently precipitous decline in America’s human development ranking. The United States stood in second place, after Switzerland, in 1980. This held steady until 1995, when it plummeted over the next 15 years to land at the 12th spot in 2005. America’s numerical score has increased steadily, we are reassured. But the scores of other countries have risen even faster. As a result, the United States has fallen behind its more efficient competitors.
Reports on the topic "Great Britain. Social Science Research Council"
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Hilbrecht, Margo, David Baxter, Alexander V. Graham, and Maha Sohail. Research Expertise and the Framework of Harms: Social Network Analysis, Phase One. GREO, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33684/2020.006.
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In 2019, the Gambling Commission announced a National Strategy to Reduce Gambling Harms. Underlying the strategy is the Framework of Harms, outlined in Measuring gambling-related harms: A framework for action. "The Framework" adopts a public health approach to address gambling-related harm in Great Britain across multiple levels of measurement. It comprises three primary factors and nine related subfactors. To advance the National Strategy, all componentsneed to be supported by a strong evidence base. This report examines existing research expertise relevant to the Framework amongacademics based in the UK. The aim is to understand the extent to which the Framework factors and subfactors have been studied in order to identify gaps in expertise and provide evidence for decision making thatisrelevant to gambling harms research priorities. A social network analysis identified coauthor networks and alignment of research output with the Framework. The search strategy was limited to peer-reviewed items and covered the 12-year period from 2008 to 2019. Articles were selected using a Web of Science search. Of the 1417 records identified in the search, the dataset was refined to include only those articles that could be assigned to at least one Framework factor (n = 279). The primary factors and subfactors are: Resources:Work and Employment, Money and Debt, Crime;Relationships:Partners, Families and Friends, Community; and Health:Physical Health, Psychological Distress, and Mental Health. We used Gephi software to create visualisations reflecting degree centrality (number of coauthor networks) so that each factor and subfactor could be assessed for the density of research expertise and patterns of collaboration among coauthors. The findings show considerable variation by framework factor in the number of authors and collaborations, suggesting a need to develop additional research capacity to address under-researched areas. The Health factor subcategory of Mental Health comprised almost three-quarters of all citations, with the Resources factor subcategory of Money and Debt a distant second at 12% of all articles. The Relationships factor, comprised of two subfactors, accounted for less than 10%of total articles. Network density varied too. Although there were few collaborative networks in subfactors such as Community or Work and Employment, all Health subfactors showed strong levels of collaboration. Further, some subfactors with a limited number of researchers such as Partners, Families, and Friends and Money and debt had several active collaborations. Some researchers’ had publications that spanned multiple Framework factors. These multiple-factor researchers usually had a wide range of coauthors when compared to those who specialised (with the exception of Mental Health).Others’ collaborations spanned subfactors within a factor area. This was especially notable forHealth. The visualisations suggest that gambling harms research expertise in the UK has considerable room to grow in order to supporta more comprehensive, locally contextualised evidence base for the Framework. To do so, priority harms and funding opportunities will need further consideration. This will require multi-sector and multidisciplinary collaboration consistent with the public health approach underlying the Framework. Future research related to the present analysis will explore the geographic distribution of research activity within the UK, and research collaborations with harms experts internationally.