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1
Cawkwell, G. L. "Early Colonisation." Classical Quarterly 42, no. 2 (1992): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800015937.
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It is commonly supposed that in the eighth century B.c. there was a ‘population explosion’ in Greece which moved the Greeks to send out colonies. A. J. Graham in the Cambridge Ancient History iii, 3 (1982) is typical: ‘The basic active cause of the colonizing movement was overpopulation’; ‘at the very time when the Archaic colonising movement began, in the second half of the eighth century, there was a marked increase in population in Greece’ (p. 157). The presumed connection between overpopulation and colonisation is not immediately obvious. The evidence for the population explosion is found in the increased number of burials in Attica and the Argolid, but Athens sent out no colony before the very end of the seventh century and Argos probably none at all, certainly none in this period. So special explanations have to be formulated for Athens' and Argos' lack of colonies while their postulated ‘population explosion’ is presumed for Greece as a whole and called in to explain the burst of colonising in the eighth century. The hypothesis is not used for seventh-century colonisation when the number of burials declines.
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van Andel, Tjeerd H., Eberhard Zangger, and Constantine Perissoratis. "Quaternary Transgressive/Regressive Cycles in the Gulf of Argos, Greece." Quaternary Research 34, no. 3 (1990): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(90)90044-l.
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AbstractBorings in the Argive Plain reveal cycles of marine incursions, each ending with a Mediterranean soil profile and followed by a prograded fluvial and coastal wedge. The sediment prism of the Gulf of Argos shelf, visible in high-resolution seismic reflection profiles, also consists of transgressive and regressive depositional sequences identified by onlap, downlap, and truncation of deposits. At least four major reflectors, recognizable by their high acoustic impedance and erosional features, can be correlated across the shelf. The sediments between each pair of reflectors represent the seaward part of a set of transgressive and regressive marine deposits. They can be matched to the stratigraphic sequence on land where each marine unit is topped by a soil. Corrected for subsidence, the terminations of the onlapping and downlapping units define a local sea-level history; its time scale can be derived from a comparison with the eustatic sea-level history deduced from ocean cores. Thus, marine seismic reflection data can be used for the correlation of Quaternary oceanic and terrestrial chronologies.
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Koukoulis, George, Christina Sakka, Fotis Katsaros, et al. "High rates of obesity prevalence in adults living in Central Greece: Data from the ARGOS Study." HORMONES 9, no. 3 (2010): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1275.
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Zananiri, Irene, Vassilios Hademenos, and Christos Piteros. "Geophysical investigations near the ancient Agora at the city of Argos, Greece." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 7, no. 2 (2010): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/7/2/s03.
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Γιαννουλόπουλος, Π. "SIMULATION OF SEA WATER INTRUSION IN THE PLAIN OF ARGOS WITH ADVECTION - DISPERSION MODEL." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 4 (2004): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16695.
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The plain of Argos, southern Greece, is perhaps the first region in Greece where sea water intrusion in groundwater was noticeably observed since late fifties. Observed chloride concentrations, are mostly less than 1500 mg/l, in the affected zone, exhibiting smooth variations. Also, relevant water quality data, show that sharp fronts are not occurring. Thus, the transport of chlorides is assumed to be governed by advection and dispersion mechanisms rather than density dependent transport. In this paper the application of a distributed numerical model, based on advective and dispersive - chloride transport is described. Hence, the mathematical model of a "homogeneous fluid" and the "tracer" approach has been assumed rather that the "general" approach of the "heterogeneous fluid". This code has successfully replicated the measured concentrations of the calibration period (1964-69) and also the pertinent concentrations of the validation period (1969-750). In predictive simulation, a scenario of chloride flushing by natural recharge, without any pumping, was tested and it was calculated that rehabilitation period could be at least as long as twenty years. The weakness of this model involves both errors of conceptual model and numerical errors. The major conceptual problem is the lack of knowledge of pumping distribution, which constitutes the driving force of salinization, while numerical errors are mainly attributed to mass balance errors introduced in the Eulerian - Lagrangian implementation of the numerical model.
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Giannoulopoulos, P., and A. Poulovassilis. "In situ estimation of actual évapotranspiration. A case study in Argos plain." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 3 (2018): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16976.
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The following work refers to an experimental methodology employed for in situ monitoring of specific soil water fluxes constituting water balance components. The test area is located in the plain of Argos - Greece, within an orange grove. A micrometeorological station was installed in the site, equipped with several sensors for real time monitoring of various atmospheric parameters as well as water content and temperature in the soil profile. The soil profile was made accessible for sampling through a rectangular pit which was excavated close to the station. The soil water content was monitored making use ofTDR sensors which were calibrated against the traditional neutron probe technique and also by soil sampling. Tensiometeres were also installed in four different depths for monitoring the matrix potential. A software programme was developed for the analysis and the evaluation of the data collected in a 10 - minute time step. The analysis of the data showed that the three - year average of Actual Evapotranspiration, in this irrigated field, was approximately 857 mm, out of which almost 600mm occur between April and September and 260 mm in the winter period. Those results show that there is no significant water surplus for deep infiltration and aquifer recharge in clayey and clay - loam soils in this region.
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Fusco, Ugo. "The Sanctuary of Aphrodite and Ares (Paus. 2.25.1) in the Periurban Area of Argos and Temples with a Double Cella in Greece." Tekmeria 13 (April 3, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/tekmeria.10733.
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The object of this study is the analysis of the sanctuary with a double cella or double temple (ἱερὸν διπλοῦν) dedicated to Aphrodite and Ares in the periurban area north-west of Argos. Within the context of studies on Greek architecture, a specific analysis of the typology of cult structures with a double cella is still lacking, since the attestations have hitherto been considered too limited. The present study, still ongoing, has uncovered a complex situation and the archaeological attestations recovered are not as limited as thought in the past. Hitherto, around twenty examples have been collected, without considering uncertain cases, for which the limited data available have rendered a precise interpretation impossible. The only direct source on the Argive sanctuary of Aphrodite and Ares is the short description provided by Pausanias (2.25.1), whilst its location, ground plan, elevation, chronology and architectural and sculptural decoration remain essentially unknown. New observations may help clarify some of the issues that remain unresolved. The closest archaeological parallel, at least from the point of view of the ground plan, in the absence of information on the dimensions of the monument, is without doubt the temple of Venus and Roma in Rome, built by the emperor Hadrian (AD 117-138), with which the Argive temple also shares the same east-facing orientation of the cella dedicated to the goddess Aphrodite-Venus.
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LUNDBERG, JOHAN. "Under State Protection Aeschylus’ the Suppliants and the Shift from Clan to State." Advances in Social Science and Culture 3, no. 2 (2021): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/assc.v3n2p1.
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Aeschylos’ tragedy The Suppliantsis in this article related to an opposition between clan and state—and more specifically with the development in ancient Greece from barbarism to civilization, from a lawless, uncultivated and disorganised world, to a clan-based social order and from there to a state-based organisation, which in many ways would set the pattern for the development in Europe for centuries to come.In the play, fifty sisters are fleeing from Egypt to Argos, persecuted by their fifty male cousins. The women seek protection and therefore refer to their shared origins with the population of Argos.The fact that Danaus has fifty daughters but no son, implies that if the daughters marry their cousins the legacy will stay within the clan. What the daughters’ uncle Aegyptus and his sons demand is that Danaus and his daughters should act in accordance with the regulatory framework of the clan system. This stipulates that in cases where fathers in patrilineal systems only have daughters, these daughters must marry endogamically (that is inwards) instead of exogamic ally (outwardly, and in the corresponding way for sons in matrilineal systems).The article shows how Argos, governed by King Pelasgus, is depicted in the play in contrast to the claustrophobic catatonia of incestuous relations, the latter illustrated by an imagery that stems from archaic Greek mythology. The claustrophobic feeling that links the family and kin in The Suppliants, through events such as incestuous marriages and family-related cannibalism, gives a picture of the individual’s room for manoeuvre being strictly regulated—in fact almost non-existent—in the extended family. It is such a claustrophobic world that the women in The Suppliants (like Orestes in Oresteia) are fleeing from.Instead they seek out a city state based on fundamentally different ideas than the family, kinship and clan-related organisation principles of the Egyptians. The Greek city state thereby appears to aim to liberate the archaic human from a claustrophobic captivity.
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Łomanowska, Iga. "Orestes bojownikiem ruchu oporu, czyli mit Atrydów w filmie "Podróż komediantów" Theo Angelopoulosa." Adeptus, no. 8 (December 22, 2016): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/a.2016.011.
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Orestes as a resistance fighter, or the myth of the Atreides in Theo Angelopoulos’s film The travelling playersThe paper examines the use of the Atreides myth in Theo Angelopoulos’s film The travelling players (1975) in the context of the director’s interpretation of the phenomenon of myth. Angelopoulos treated myth as a set of archetypical situations and patterns of conduct constantly reproduced in the history of the world. He intertwined elements of classical stories with the history of Greece and the Byzantine tradition, thus showing their universal character. In The travelling players, Angelopoulos used the story of betrayed and murdered Agamemnon, who is avenged by his children: Orestes and Electra, but he moved it into modern times, setting the film in Greece of the 1940s and 1950s. The myth is reproduced with modulations: the most important events take place as a result of interventions of History, not fate or decisions of the gods. Moreover, the characters’ conflicts are enriched with a political dimension, as Angelopolous portrays the discord between their ideological stances. But the members of the acting company are as helpless in the face of events as the family of the king of Argos. Orestes bojownikiem ruchu oporu, czyli mit Atrydów w filmie Podróż komediantów Theo AngelopoulosaArtykuł jest analizą sposobu wykorzystania przez Theo Angelopoulosa mitu Atrydów w filmie Podróż komediantów (1975) w kontekście dokonanej przez niego interpretacji zjawiska mitu. Grecki reżyser traktował mit jako zbiór archetypicznych sytuacji i wzorów postępowania odtwarzanych nieustannie w dziejach świata. Elementy antycznych opowieści splatał w filmach z historią Grecji i tradycją bizantyjską, ujawniając ich uniwersalny charakter. W Podróży komediantów wykorzystał historię zdradzonego i zamordowanego Agamemnona, który zostaje pomszczony przez swoje dzieci: Orestesa i Elektrę, ale przeniósł ją w czasy współczesne, portretując Grecję lat 40. i 50. XX wieku. Mit zostaje zreprodukowany z modulacjami: kluczowe wydarzenia następują w wyniku interwencji historii, nie fatum czy decyzji bogów. Ponadto konflikty między postaciami zostają wzbogacone o wymiar polityczny, ponieważ Angelopoulos ukazuje rozdźwięk między ich postawami ideologicznymi. Jednak członkowie trupy aktorskiej pozostają wobec wydarzeń tak samo bezradni jak rodzina władcy Argolidy.
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Duev, Ratko. "The Family of Zeus in Early Greek Poetry and Myths." Classica Cracoviensia 22 (October 29, 2020): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cc.20.2019.22.05.
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The Family of Zeus in Early Greek Poetry and Myths
 In early epic poetry it is evident that certain differences exist in both traditions, mainly due to the fact that Homer’s epic poems were written on the western coast of Asia Minor and the surrounding islands, while Hesiod’s poems were composed on mainland Greece. From the analysis, it becomes clear that the development of the cult of an Indo-European Sky Father differs significantly from the assumed Proto-Indo-European tradition. His family is completely different from that in the Indo-European tradition. His wife is the goddess Hera, whom Homer calls ‘old’, as opposed to the Hesiodic tradition, in which Hestia and Demeter are older than her. Homer makes no mention whatsoever of Hestia. The ‘daughters of Zeus’ are the goddesses Athena and Aphrodite, and the ‘son of Zeus’ is Apollo. The family of Zeus according to Homer also differs from the archaeological findings of the tradition on land. Hera of Samos bears no resemblance to Hera of Argos. The oldest large temples are connected to her, as well as to the memory of Oceanus and Thetis as parents to the gods, which is a direct influence of the Mesopotamian myths of Apsu and Tiamat. Homer’s Zeus from Mount Ida, Hera of Samos, Apollo of Cilla, and Tenedus and Artemis of Ephesus are closer to the Anatolian tradition.
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Ivory, Yvonne. "WILDE'S RENAISSANCE: POISON, PASSION, AND PERSONALITY." Victorian Literature and Culture 35, no. 2 (2007): 517–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150307051613.
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IN 1877,AS AN OXFORD UNDERGRADUATE, Oscar Wilde was invited to fill out two pages of a “Confession Album,” an informal survey of his likes, dislikes, ambitions, and fears. Wilde's answers testify to his deep appreciation for all things Greek: his favorite authors include Plato, Sappho, and Theocritus; he would hate to part with his Euripides; he admires Alexander the Great. But when faced with a question regarding the place he would most like to live, Wilde chooses not Athens or Argos but “Florence and Rome”; and when asked about the historical period in which he would most liked to have lived, Wilde opts for “the Italian Renaissance” (Holland 44–45). As there was no room on the form for Wilde to expand on this statement, we can only speculate as to why he saw Renaissance Italy as a time and a place in which he would have felt at home. But what the response tells us for certain is that while he was at Oxford, Wilde found the culture ofQuattro- andCinquecentoItaly particularly appealing, was comfortable imagining himself as part of that period, and was prepared to acknowledge his enthusiasm for the period to his friends. Moreover, it shows that while Wilde may have treasured the cultural artifacts of ancient Greece as a young man, he was more eager to experience the whole way of life captured in the idea of the Italian Renaissance.
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Mariolakos, I. D., and D. I. Mariolakos. "THE ARGON FIELD IN ARCADIA, THE SINKHOLE OF NESTANI VILLAGE, GOD POSEIDON AND THE SUBMARINE DINI SPRINGS IN THE ARGOLIC GULF (PELOPONNISOS, GREECE). A GEOMYTHOLOGICAL APPROACH OF THE POSEIDON'S BIRTH." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 3 (2004): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16456.
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The Argon Field (= πεδίο = pedion, in greek) is a small plain in the north part of the much larger Tripolis plain of Central Peloponnisos (Greece). It extends west of Mountain Artemision, which is dedicated to Goddess Artemis (Diana), between Sagas village and that of Nestani, at the province of Manti nia The whole area of Mantinia is well-known since the prehistoric times and, as it is reported by Pausanias, it is mentioned in Greek Mythology. Pausanias (Arcadica, § 7-8) mentions - among others - the following: The word "argon" means "slow cultivation", so that "Argon field" means a field of slow cultivation because of occasional flooding during wintertime, caused by water coming from the surrounding mountains and the karstjc springs flowing from the margins, consisting mainly of multjfokted cretaceous limestones (Ptndos geotectonic unit) The Argon field would have probably turned into a lake, if the water had not been drained through a ground rift. In this case, the rift is apparently the cave - sinkhole of Nestani, which is located at the lowest topographic point of the whole field. After a few days (based on modern tracing experiments) the water reappears from this sinkhole in a submarine system of karstic springs in the Argoltc gulf, that in ancient times were known as Dini, located near Kiveri village. The modern name of the springs is Mikros Anavalos or Aghios Georgios Springs. The subsurface hydraulic communication between the Nestani Sinkhole and Dini springs was known to ancient greeks. According to Greek Mythology when Goddess Rhea, one of the mythical Titans, gave birth to the Greek god Poseidon, she left him near a sheepfold next to a spring, which is known since then as Ama Spring (sheep = αρνί = arni, in greek). Rhea didn't present the baby, Poseidon, to his father, Cronus, who was another mythical Titan, as she was afraid of him. At that time, Cronus was the head of the Titans, but fearing for a revolt of his children, he was eating them straight after their birth. That is why Rhea told him that she hadn't given birth to a child, but to a colt (small horse) instead (horse = ίτπτος = hippos, in greek). In this way, Poseidon survived and became one of the most important legendary Gods of the greeks later. A locality is known next to Dini submarine system of kastric springs at the Argolic Gulf, named Genesion or Genethlion (= birthplace), which is considered to be Poseidon's birthplace. Here, in this place, the ancient inhabitants of Argos used to sacrifice horses, whereas not far away from Nestani, at the small village of Milia, the ruins of a small temple dedicated to Hippios (Horsey) Poseidon have been excavated during the last decades. Poseidon is depicted in many pictures, statues, mosaics etc. In a mosaic, Poseidon comes out from the water on a chariot pulled by four horses. A main question is how Poseidon arrived from a mountainous area to the Argolic Gulf. A geomythological interpretation is that a god such as Poseidon, who was responsible for whatever happened in the water (sea, lakes, ground water etc.) and the earth interior (crust, lithosphère), could not follow a mountainous path, for instance the path over mountain Artemision. On the contrary, for such a god it would be much easier to follow the subsurface water-way through the sinkhole of Nestani village, that is the pathway connected to a subterraneous water flow, which reappears to the surface from the bottom of the sea and in this case to the surface of the Argolic Gulf, through Dini spring. In the case of this myth the hydrogeological conditions of the area are directly connected to the mythological action. This is one more evidence that Poseidon is not a God imported from another culture, but a native one.
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Michalopoulos, G. "First records of the bayberry whitefly, Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) in Greece." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 7 (May 31, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.13968.
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Citrus groves of Corfu had been attacked during the last decade by citrus whitefly Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead). It presumably expanded later, and it was found to cause a serious infestation on lemon trees of Achaia region during summer of 1986, while it disappeared later existing today only in very small pockets on ornamental citrus species in Attica area. Late in August 1988, the leaves of citrus trees, and to a lesser extent of grapevines, in the region of Corinthia, NE Peloponnesos, in South Greece were covered by larvae, pupae and adults of a whitefly that was different from D. citri. In autumn of the same year, it was noticed that the infestation of this new whitefly had expanded to other parts of Peloponnese such as Argos, Patras and Ilia region. Samples of citrus and grapevine leaves with nymphs of the insect were sent for identification to British Museum of Natural History. Dr. J. H. Martin identified the species as Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), making the first record of the species in Greece. The species is a native of Japan and possibly of other eastern asian countries such as Taiwan and West Malaysia. Today, the insect has been recorded in USA (California), Cyprus, Israel and Turkey, Egypt (Martin personal communication) and it is a pest of woody plants, especially citrus trees and grapevines. The damage caused to the plants by this insect, as a feeder, can be serious in cases of large populations accompanied with problems associated with the development of sooty mould on the excreted honeydew. In the autumn of 1988, infestation was high (more than 20 nymphs/leaf) in Achaia and Corinthia regions of N. Peloponnese, causing great concern to citrus growers. This species of whitefly was not included in the lists of known plant pests of Greece. It is probable that it invaded Greece from Israel. P. myricae is a newly introduced pest in citrus growing countries and there is little information available on its biology and control. Most of the published data comes from Israel and California on the biology and biological control of the insect. Additional data have been published on flight behaviour, oviposition behaviour, and survival of young nymphs on leaves of different age citrus leaves. The adults of P. myricae are smaller than D. citri adults and they have a dusty blue gray or lavender appearance. The females oviposit on very young leaves, often in circles. Preference for oviposition on very young leaves seems to be related to properties of the leaf cuticle. Leaf age is a critical factor for survival of nymphs. This gives a good explanation for the observed high rates of mortality in spring for nymphs growing on rapidly maturing leaves. It has been observed that on orange trees less eggs are layed on the lower surface of the leaves, while on lemon trees they tend to be layed equally on both surfaces. Initially eggs are off-white, while after about one day they gradually turn to brownish and finally black, before they hatch. First instar crawlers settle on the surface of the young leaves with a preference to the lower surface. First flights of adults were noticed in this area in late February of 1989. By end of March early April the emergence of adults of the first 1989 generation had been completed. It seems that it produces a quite large number of generations during the year, as it requires only 21 days at temperatures fluctuating between 210oC and 17.3oC and 65-100 percent relative humidity, to complete its cycle in glasshouse. Being a pest of Citrus and grapevines (Vitis vinifera) it has also been found on hosts like Ficus, Persea, Prunus, Psidium and Thea. As a matter of fact it has also been found in small colonies on Prunus cerasi in Northern Peloponnese in autumn 1988. Work on the control of Parabemisia myricae with the insect growth regulator Buprofezin has started in Greece in 1988 and is expected to be concluded in 1990.
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Tufano, Salvatore. "Removing the Nationality Paradigm from Herodotus’ Histories." Trends in Classics 10, no. 2 (2018): 306–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tc-2018-0023.
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Abstract The present paper suggests that the recurring appeal to kinship diplomacy undermines a fixed idea of ‘nation’ in Archaic Greece, especially in the first two decades of the fifth century BC. It aims to present a series of test cases in Herodotus that explain why contemporary patterns and theories on ancient ethnicity can hardly explain the totality of the historical spectrum. Blood ties could sometimes fortify ethnic relationships, as in the case of Aristagoras’ mission to Sparta (Hdt. 5.49.3), since the common Greekness could elicit the Spartan to help to the Ionians. In other times, the same blood ties were applied to divine genealogies, and they could also be used to show the feeble devotion of cities like Argos to the Greek cause (7.150.2: Xerxes expects the Argives to join the Persian cause, since they descend from Perses). Habits and traditions, often taken as indicia of national feeling, could be thought of as clues of ancient migrations (so the Trojans became Maxyes in Lybia: 4.191). Even language might not help in justifying ethnic relationships: for instance, the Greeks living in the Scythian Gelonus spoke a mixed language (4.108). These few case studies may shed a different light on the classical definition of Greekness (to hellenikon) in terms of blood, language, cults, and habits, all given by Herodotus (8.144). Far from being a valid label for all the Greeks of the fifth century, this statement owes much to a specific variety of the language of kinship diplomacy. The final section argues for the opportunity to avoid the later and misleading idea of nation when studying Herodotus and the age of the Persian Wars, which are instead characterized by various and contrasting strategies. Greek groups and ethne can be better described as networks of lightly defined communities.
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Fouache, Eric, and Kalliopé Gaki-Papanastassiou. "Les crues brutales dans la plaine d'Argos (Grèce) : une contrainte à l'aménagement, de l'Antiquité à nos jours/Violent flood in the plain of Argos (Greece): developments under constraint from Antiquity down to present day." Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement 3, no. 4 (1997): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/morfo.1997.930.
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Newhard, J. M. L., N. S. Levine, and A. D. Phebus. "The development of integrated terrestrial and marine pathways in the Argo-Saronic region, Greece." Cartography and Geographic Information Science 41, no. 4 (2014): 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2014.925786.
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Laurent, Valentin, Benjamin Huet, Loïc Labrousse, Laurent Jolivet, Patrick Monié, and Romain Augier. "Extraneous argon in high-pressure metamorphic rocks: Distribution, origin and transport in the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (Greece)." Lithos 272-273 (February 2017): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.12.013.
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Cordey, Fabrice, and Frédéric Quillévéré. "Reassessing the age of Karpathos ophiolite (Dodecanese, Greece): consequences for Aegean correlations and Neotethys evolution." Geological Magazine 157, no. 2 (2019): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000657.
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AbstractWhile the Neogene history of the Eastern Mediterranean region is now fairly well understood, our knowledge of older regional palaeogeographies is less accurate, especially the positions of blocks and nappes constituting the Aegean Islands prior to the Cenozoic. Our study focuses on the ophiolite exposed on the island of Karpathos (Dodecanese), which is located in the Aegean fore-arc at a pivotal position between the ‘western’ and ‘eastern’ ophiolites of the Mediterranean region and where conflicting Late Jurassic and Late Cretaceous ages have led to diverging tectonic and palaeogeographic interpretations. To test these ages, we targeted the radiolarian cherts that depositionally overlie the ophiolite and extracted diagnostic radiolarian assemblages of Aptian (∼125−113 Ma), early–middle Albian (∼113−105 Ma) and Turonian (∼93.9−89.8 Ma) ages. These results suggest that previous Late Cretaceous K–Ar isotopic ages (from 95.3 ± 4.2 Ma to 81.2 ± 1.6 Ma) may have been reset by Late Cretaceous metamorphism or affected by argon loss. Overall, the new Early Cretaceous ages show that the Karpathos ophiolite should not be correlated with the Pindos Nappes of Greece or the ophiolites of Cyprus or Syria but rather with the Lycian Nappes of Turkey and their root located in the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan Suture Zone. Therefore, the Karpathos ophiolite represents a remnant of the Northern Neotethys, not the Pindos Ocean or the proto-Eastern Mediterranean Basin.
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Wijbrans, Jan R., Manfred Schliestedt, and Derek York. "Single grain argon laser probe dating of phengites from the blueschist to greenschist transition on Sifnos (Cyclades, Greece)." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 104, no. 5 (1990): 582–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00306666.
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Uunk, Bertram, Fraukje Brouwer, Marlies ter Voorde, and Jan Wijbrans. "Understanding phengite argon closure using single grain fusion age distributions in the Cycladic Blueschist Unit on Syros, Greece." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 484 (February 2018): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.12.031.
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Baldwin, Suzanne L., and Gordon S. Lister. "Thermochronology of the South Cyclades Shear Zone, Ios, Greece: Effects of ductile shear in the argon partial retention zone." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 103, B4 (1998): 7315–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97jb03106.
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Forster, M. A., and G. S. Lister. "Argon enters the retentive zone: reassessment of diffusion parameters for K-feldspar in the South Cyclades Shear Zone, Ios, Greece." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 332, no. 1 (2010): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp332.2.
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KIM, JONG-HYOUNG, SEOCK-SAM KIM, SI-GEUN CHOI, and SEUNG-HUN LEE. "THE FRICTION BEHAVIOR OF NBR SURFACE MODIFIED BY ARGON PLASMA TREATMENT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 31 (2011): 4249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211066696.
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Different treatment time and bias voltage with RF Ar plasma were used to improve tribological properties of NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber). Chemical structure analyses of NBR by Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) were performed to clarify the functionality modification after the plasma treatment. In addition, wetting experiments were carried out by measuring the contact angle of distilled water drops on the NBR surface. ATR analysis revealed that the number of - C = O , - C - O , O - H functional groups increased after the argon plasma treatment. The functional groups led to changes in the contact angle from 100 to 50 degrees. The results showed that form-like nanostructures on the NBR was observed at the bias voltage of -400 V. The friction test showed that coefficient of friction after modified NBR in lubricated condition decreased from 0.25 to 0.15 with the increasing bias voltage due to the surface structure formations and better bonding with grease lubricant.
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Severin, Tim. "Early Navigation: The Human Factor (Duke of Edinburgh Lecture)." Journal of Navigation 40, no. 1 (1987): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300000254.
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The twelfth Duke of Edinburgh Lecture was presented in London on 15 October 1986 at the Royal Geographical Society to the thirty-ninth Annual General Meeting of the Institute, the President in the Chair. The lecturer, the President said in his introductory remarks, was a geographical scholar who had devoted much of his time to the verification of early voyages by following the paths described in the often legendary accounts:the travels of Marco Polo in 1961 and later the voyages on which the present paper is based, of St Brendan, Sindbad and Jason. In 1976–7 in the medieval leather boat Brendan he followed a route from Ireland across the Atlantic described in the 8/9th century Navigatio. In 1980–81 in the Arabian boom Sohar he sailed over 6000 miles from Oman to Canton in a reconstruction of Sindbad's seven voyages described in One Thousand and One Nights, and finally in 1984 in Argo, a reconstructed Greek vessel of the 13th century B.C., his voyage took him from Greece through the Bosphorus to Georgia in the USSR, following the legendary path of Jason in search of the Golden Fleece. No-one could be better fitted to reflect on the human factor in early navigation.
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Wijbrans, Jan R., and Ian McDougall. "40Ar/39Ar dating of white micas from an Alpine high-pressure metamorphic belt on Naxos (Greece): the resetting of the argon isotopic system." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 93, no. 2 (1986): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00371320.
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Kalaitzidis, Pantelis. "New trends in Greek Orthodox theology: challenges in the movement towards a genuine renewal and Christian unity." Scottish Journal of Theology 67, no. 2 (2014): 127–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930614000039.
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AbstractTheology in Greece today is the outcome of a long and complex historical process in which many different, and even contradictory, trends and theological proclivities have converged and continue to converge, thereby defining its shape and agenda. The present article tries to provide, in four sections, both a descriptive and critical account of this complex and fascinating history.Among these trends, a decisive role is attributed in the first section of the paper to the so-called ‘generation of the 1960s’ (including among others pre-eminent Greek theologians such as Metropolitan of Pergamon John D. Zizioulas, Christos Yannaras, Nikos Nissiotis, Fr John Romanides, Panagiotis Nellas), a Greek theological movement for renewal inspired mainly by the theology of the Russian diaspora and the call to ‘return to the Fathers’, which was instrumental in shaping contemporary Orthodox theology both in Greece and outside the Greek-speaking world.In the second section are given the reactions to and criticism of the ‘theology of 1960s’. There were strong disputes and rejection on the one hand by conservative Greek academic and ecclesiastical circles, and on the other hand from the opposite progressive side (mainly the professors of the Theology School of Thessaloniki University during the 1990s), which accused this theological movement of conservatism and anti-Westernism.The emergence of the agenda initiated by the new theological generation (of 2000) is discussed in the main and longer (third) section. This new theological agenda and its principal characteristics come from points of disagreement with the theologians of the generation of the 1960s, and from a renewed and more inclusive understanding of Orthodox theology which goes beyond the problématique, the language and the agenda of the 1960s. Among the topics raised and discussed by the new trends of Greek theology are: the rediscovery of eschatology and its dynamic interpretation, ecclesiological issues, such as the centrality of the episcopal office, and the critique of the dominant place of monasticism in the life of the church, the movement of liturgical renewal, the revalorisation of mission, the rediscovery of ethics and the dilemma of ethics versus ontology, the renewed interest in political theology, the overcoming of anti-Westernism and of the West–East divide as a central interpretative key, a more constructive relationship between Orthodoxy and modernity, the critical approach of the ‘return to the Fathers’ movement, the reconsideration of the devaluation of biblical studies, the emergence of an Orthodox feminist theology and the debate on women's ordination, the radical critique of religious nationalism, and the devolution into Byzantinism and ecclesiastical culturalism.In the fourth section the article names the settings and institutions that are hosting the new theological trends in Greek Orthodoxy, mainly mentioning the leading Greek Orthodox theological quarterly Synaxi, the official scholarly journal of the Church of Greece, Theologia, the Biblical Foundation of Artos Zoes and its Bulletin of Biblical Studies and, finally, the Volos Academy for Theological Studies. An overall group vision and esprit de corps which could integrate the individual efforts and provide an identity, clearly missing from the above-mentioned picture, are demanded from the two theological schools of Athens and Thessaloniki.The article concludes by briefly reviewing the conservative and fundamentalist reactions towards this new theological agenda, and by highlighting the urgent need for contemporary Greek theology to face the new, dynamic and particularly challenging global context, and to continue to reflect and to act towards Christian unity, as well as move to reconciliation between Christian East and West, Eastern and Western Europe.
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BRÖCKER, MICHAEL, and LEANDER FRANZ. "Rb–Sr isotope studies on Tinos Island (Cyclades, Greece): additional time constraints for metamorphism, extent of infiltration-controlled overprinting and deformational activity." Geological Magazine 135, no. 3 (1998): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756898008681.
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This study presents new Rb–Sr age data concerning the metamorphic evolution of the Attic-Cycladic Crystalline Belt which represents a complex polymetamorphic terrane within the Alpidic orogenic belt of the Hellenides. Two major groups of tectonic units can be distinguished. Metamorphism in parts of the upper units is commonly considered as a Cretaceous event. In contrast, the group of lower units experienced Tertiary high-pressure metamorphism which was followed by a medium-pressure overprint. We focus on the island of Tinos where a representative spectrum of the rock units found in the Cyclades is exposed in three tectonic units: the Upper Unit, the Intermediate Unit and the Basal Unit. The complete range of tectono-metamorphic and magmatic events affecting the Attic-Cycladic Crystalline Belt is documented by numerous petrological and tectonic studies. Phyllites and phyllonites from the ophiolitic Upper Unit yielded Rb–Sr apparent ages (phengite–whole-rock) between c. 92 and 21 Ma. The older age differs from the Cretaceous dates reported for upper unit rocks elsewhere in the Cyclades. It is suggested that the sequence studied belongs to the Jurassic ophiolites of the Hellenides rather than to Cretaceous occurrences. The spread to younger ages is related to non-pervasive rejuvenation and resetting of the Rb–Sr system during tectonic juxtaposition of the Upper Unit over the Intermediate Unit. The youngest age obtained so far for a sample from the Upper Unit (21 Ma) is believed to approximate the timing of tectonic juxtaposition which probably occurred during a regional greenschist-facies episode producing a pervasive overprint in the structurally lower tectonic unit. The major phyllite/meta-gabbro/serpentinite sequence of the Upper Unit is interpreted as an emplacement-related ductile shear zone which experienced reworking under brittle conditions. In the Intermediate Unit, a gradient in Rb–Sr ages from top (c. 40 Ma) to the bottom (c. 22 Ma) was recognized, which is interpreted to represent greater effects of fluid infiltration and overprinting in the lower parts of this unit, possibly controlled by variable intensity of deformation which might be related to tectonic juxtaposition onto the Basal Unit. We suggest that synmetamorphic stacking of all three tectonic units took place during an Oligocene–Miocene greenschist event. Extensional deformation continued after tectonic stacking and after intrusion of the main granite, as is indicated by a Rb–Sr whole-rock isochron (15.1∓0.6 Ma) for a ductilely deformed garnet-bearing leucogranite from the marginal parts of the main undeformed pluton. Application of the Rb–Sr dating technique provided no unequivocal evidence that previously published Eocene K–Ar and 40Ar–39Ar dates for high-pressure phengites from the lower units are significantly contaminated with excess argon.
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Huseynov, Ilyas. "Greeks in Azerbaijan: epochal look at history and modernity." Grani 23, no. 5 (2020): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172053.
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In modern political science and social sciences, interest in cross-cultural research in the framework of various scientific methodologies is growing. The article is devoted to the study of one of the most pressing problems of our time, which is of great interest to Azerbaijan and Greece. This article describes in detail the historical situation in which the Greeks were forced to settle in the Caucasus. The article discusses the main reasons for the creation of the first Greek settlements in Azerbaijan. The author in a broad context considers the activities of the Greeks in Azerbaijan. The article analyzes the main reasons for the unification of the Greeks of Azerbaijan, and the creation of the Greek Philanthropic (charity) society. Moreover, the article focuses on the activities of the theater group "Evripidis", operating in this society. It should be noted that the football team "Embros" (Forward) was a source of pride for the Greeks living in Baku. The article also mentions the repression and mass arrests of the "Father of the Nations" against the Greeks. At the same time, it is emphasized that, as a result of Stalin’s policy, the Greeks living in Baku were resettled in the deserts of Kazakhstan in difficult conditions. The article analyzes the political motives of the resettlement of Greeks from Azerbaijan. At the same time, a large place in the article is devoted to the recollections of Azerbaijani Greeks forced to resettle in inhuman conditions. Documents and their photographs from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History and from the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History on the resettlement of the Greeks, and according to the NKVD Directive No. 50215 of December 11, 1937, protocols No. 46, 61, 91 of the sentences of the Greeks living in the Azerbaijan SSR were first presented the scientific community of our country. The article also analyzes the integration of the Greeks into Azerbaijani society and their contacts with the multicultural environment of Azerbaijan. The article also discusses the activities of the Greek community "ARGO", created by the Greeks living in the country after the restoration of independence of Azerbaijan.
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Baeriswyl, Philippe. "Evolution of a social dynamic in a changing landscape: the case of Argos (Argolis, Greece) in the Mycenaean period." BAF-Online: Proceedings of the Berner Altorientalisches Forum 4, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.22012/baf.2019.12.
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Argos in the Mycenaean period consists of a real enigma. Compared to its neighbours, amongst others Mycenae, Tiryns and Midea, Argos, after being a flourishing center in the Middle Helladic period, lost of it’s importance until the End of the Mycenaean palatial period, while maintaining a continuous occupation. During the transitional phase (MH III/LH I), and despite the fact that some parts of the argiv settlement continues to grow, as shown in particular by the work undertaken on the fortified acropolis of the Aspis, Argos, will experience a gradual decline as shown in particular through the abandonment of certain residential areas and the relocation of some population groups within and probably beyond its borders. According to one possible scenario, a group of people moved, at the very beginning of MH III, from Argos to Mycenae participating in the spectacular rise of Mycenae from the late MH period and onwards.Through this communication, we will first try to demonstrate, based on the archaeological reality, the status of Argos from the transitional phase (MH III/LH I) and during the LH period within the organization of the Argolis. In a second step, we will try to define the causes that influenced the evolution of this status. We will demonstrate how a series of natural disasters and in particular the eruption of Thera may have influenced the political, economic and social geography of the Argolis to the detriment of Argos. Based on the archaeological discoveries and the Adaptive Cycle (AC) model, we will show how some sites or parts of the Argolis functioned according to a positive/negative system throughout the protohistoric periods.
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Coutts, Connor. "Alexander's Bandit Kings." General: Brock University Undergraduate Journal of History 6 (April 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/tg.v6i1.2630.
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After the death of Alexander, the Great in 323 BCE at Babylon, his generals, friends, family, and even secretaries would fight for decades to control the spoils of his newly forged empire. Eventually a series of Hellenistic kingdoms would carve up his empire stretching from Western Greece to Northern India. For nearly 300 years after his death Alexander’s successors would fight a series of titanic and seemingly never-ending wars with each war simply leading into the next. The Seleucids and Ptolemies would fight six Syrian Wars and never manage to fully conquer one another, Pyrrhus of Epirus would go on a never-ending series of military expeditions each time failing until he was finally killed in skirmish in Argos. The question must be asked then what compelled the Hellenistic Kings to go to war so much? By looking at primary and secondary sources it becomes clear that Hellenistic Kings were motivate by a powerful fusion of economics, geography, military, ideological, and legitimacy needs that would propel them into war after war. This essay determines what these myriad reasons were specifically and how it affected the Hellenistic kingdoms rational for going to war.
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Zhang, Sheng S., Xiaoming Ren, Dat T. Tran, and Jeffrey Read. "Catalytic Effect of Heat-treated Iron and Copper Phthalocyanines in Non-aqueous Electrolyte Li/air Batteries – A Review." green 2, no. 2-3 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/green-2012-0004.
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AbstractIn this review, we summarize our research on the characterization of FeCu/C catalyst and its effect in non-aqueous electrolyte Li/air cells. The catalyst is synthesized by impregnating metal phthalocyanine complex into a high surface area carbon, followed by pyrolyzing the complex-loaded carbon under argon atmosphere. High resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) results indicate that the metals in the catalyst are present in the form of a mixture of metal-nitrogen complexes (MN) and metal oxides (MO). Using coin-type Li/air cells as the testing vehicle, the FeCu/C is determined to affect the Li/air cells in three manners: (1) It catalyzes two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to form Li
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G. Calderoni, B. De Simoni, F. M. De Simoni, and L. Merucci. "Real-time monitoring of seismic data using satellite telemetry." Annals of Geophysics 40, no. 4 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-3881.
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This article describes the ARGO Satellite Seismic Network (ARGO SSN) as a reliable system for monitoring, collection, visualisation and analysis of seismic and geophysical low-frequency data, The satellite digital telemetry system is composed of peripheral geophysical stations, a centraI communications node (master sta- tion) located in CentraI Italy, and a data collection and processing centre located at ING (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica), Rome. The task of the peripheral stations is to digitalise and send via satellite the geophysical data collected by the various sensors to the master station. The master station receives the data and forwards them via satellite to the ING in Rome; it also performs alI the monitoring functions of satellite communications. At the data collection and processing centre of ING, the data are received and analysed in real time, the seismic events are identified and recorded, the low-frequency geophysical data are stored. In addition, the generaI sta- tus of the satellite network and of each peripheral station connected, is monitored. The procedure for analysjs of acquired seismic signals allows the automatic calculation of local magnitude and duration magnitude The communication and data exchange between the seismic networks of Greece, Spain and Italy is the fruit of a recent development in the field of technology of satellite transmission of ARGO SSN (project of European Community "Southern Europe Network for Analysis of Seismic Data" )
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Vizireanu, Ioana, and Camelia Slave. "Hydrogeological modeling in Danube Valley using GIS techniques. Study case." World Journal of Environmental Research 5, no. 2 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjer.v5i2.165.
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<p>In hydrogeological and pedoclimatic conditions, specific to the Danube River, there is a danger of secondary salinization of soil excluded from the floods. The drought, with an increasing frequency, affects agricultural production in areas where the largest irrigation systems are found. These systems were built during 1960-1990, but they are dysfunctional and unused for 20 years.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to insure a model using GIS technologies, in order to reduce the negative effects of the drought and to propose redevelopment of irrigation. Such model is presented in a form of five thematic maps where the main morphometric parameters (hypsometry, slope, slope orientation), in quantitative terms, the types of soils and land use were analyzed for the entire surface of the villages Gostinu-Greaca-Arges, located in the Danube Floodplain. The GIS model provides important information for the investigated area and it is a useful tool for risk assessment and early-warning.</p><p>This study is based on observations from the maps interpretation of the studied area, but also from reports and studies published over the years.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: The Danube River, drought, soil, irrigation.</p>