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Journal articles on the topic 'Greece Civilization To 146 BC'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Dularidze, Tea. "Information Exchange and Relations between Ahhiyawa and the Hittite Empire." Studia Iuridica 80 (September 17, 2019): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4785.

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The majority of scholars identify the long-disputed term Ahhiyawa found in the Hittite texts as Achaea of the Homeric epics. According to the Hittite texts, Ahhiyawa and Hittite relations can be dated from the Middle Kingdom period. The term was first used in the records of Suppiluliuma I (1380-1346). Documents discussed (the records of Mursili II and Muwatalli II) demonstrate that Ahhiyawa was a powerful country. Its influence extended to Millawanda, which evidently reached the sea. Especially interesting is the “Tawagalawa letter” dated to the 13th century BC, in which the Hittite king makes

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Angelakis, A. N. "Urban waste- and stormwater management in Greece: past, present and future." Water Supply 17, no. 5 (2017): 1386–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.042.

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Urban wastewater and storm management has a long history which coincides with the appearance of the first organized human settlements (ca. 3500 BC). It began in prehistoric Crete during the Early Bronze Age (ca. 3200 BC) when many remarkable developments occurred in several stages known as Minoan civilization. One of its salient characteristics was the architecture and function of its hydraulic works and especially the drainage and sewerage systems and other sanitary infrastructures in the Minoan palaces and other settlements. These technologies, although they do not give a complete picture of

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3

Koutsoyiannis, D., N. Mamassi, and A. Tegos. "Logical and illogical exegeses of hydrometeorological phenomena in ancient Greece." Water Supply 7, no. 1 (2007): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.002.

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Technological applications aiming at the exploitation of the natural sources appear in all ancient civilizations. The unique phenomenon in the ancient Greek civilization is that technological needs triggered physical explanations of natural phenomena, thus enabling the foundation of philosophy and science. Among these, the study of hydrometeorological phenomena had a major role. This study begins with the Ionian philosophers in the seventh century BC, continues in classical Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries BC, and advances and expands through the entire Greek world up to the end of Hel

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Potter, Liz. "British Philhellenism and the Historiography of Greece: A Case Study of George Finlay (1799-1875)." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 1 (January 20, 2005): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.176.

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<p>This article offers a case study of George Finlay, a British philhellene whose intellectual make-up deserves more attention than it has previously been given (1). Unlike many Western European philhellenes who returned home disillusioned with Greece, Finlay spent his life in Athens (2); and unlike the overwhelmingly classicising Hellenism of his British contemporaries, his was a Hellenism that insisted on the interest and instructiveness of the history of Greece from the Roman period onwards (3). From a study of his <em>History of Greece BC 146 to AD 1864 </em>(4), and an a

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Akbar, Reza. "SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN ILMU FALAK DALAM PERADABAN INDIA DAN KETERKAITANNYA DENGAN ISLAM." Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 17, no. 1 (2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v17i1.1511.

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Although it is acknowledged that Islamic astronomy developed very rapidly during the Abbasid period (750-1258 AD), it should be noted that before the advancement of astronomy of the Islamic world, Muslim scholars of the time were very incentive to translate astronomical books from other nations, one of them was from India. There were at least two factors that led to the emergence and development of astronomical science in pre-Islamic Indian civilization. The first, the teachings of Hinduism that made the sun as the ruler and source of life. The second, the influence of civilization from other

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Pettegrew, David. "D. Graham J. Shipley, The Early Hellenistic Peloponnese: Politics, Economies, and Networks 338-197 BC. pp. xxxii+355, 1 ill., 9 maps, 7 tables. 2018. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 2018978-0-521-87369-7, hardback $120." Journal of Greek Archaeology 5 (January 1, 2020): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v5i.464.

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The ‘decline’ of the polis in the late Classical and early Hellenistic periods numbers among the stock elements of historical narratives of ancient Greece. In the conventional rendition baked into old textbook descriptions of Greek civilization, the aftermath of the Peloponnesian War marked the end of a golden age as city-states devolved into a downward cycle of power play, hegemonic contest, and warfare that ended only with the conquests of Philip II and Alexander. The polis thereafter lost its autonomy, political directive, and ideological essence. As one popular textbook of western civiliza

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Tarasevych, Viktor. "Antique civilization: the birth of a polis state." Ekonomìčna teorìâ 2022, no. 1 (2022): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/etet2022.01.005.

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This article continues the series of publications on the universum evolution of ancient civilization, its subcivilizations and is devoted to the consideration of controversial socio-economic and political processes in the Athenian area of Ancient Greece in the second half of the 8th - the first half of the 4th century. BC e. Attention is focused on the characteristics of the important stages of state formation in Athens. It is shown that the accelerated development of market and commodity-money relations in the 7th - 6th centuries. BC e., catalyzed, among other things, by the great colonizatio

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Liddel, Peter. "Liberty and obligations in George Grote’s Athens." Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought 23, no. 1 (2006): 139–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-90000090.

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In this article it is suggested that George Grote’s History of Greece (1846–56) employed a narrative history of Greece in an attempt to resolve the philosophical problem of the compatibility of individual liberty with considerable obligations to society. His philosophical achievement has been largely ignored by modern classical scholarship, even those who follow his lead in treating fifth-century Athens as the epitome of Greek civilization. The present reading of Grote’s History is informed by John Stuart Mill’s use of Athenian examples. Outlining the evidential, moral and spatial parameters o

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9

Rutter, Jeremy. "Margaretha Kramer-Hajos. Mycenaean Greece and the Aegean World: Palace and Province in the Late Bronze Age." Journal of Greek Archaeology 3 (January 1, 2018): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v3i.541.

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Diachronic surveys of Mycenaean civilization, our term for the material culture that flourished above all on the central and southern Greek mainland during the six or seven centuries (ca. 1700/1600-1000 BC) we assign to the Late Bronze Age, typically and understandably focus on the regional cores of that culture in the northeast (Argolid and Corinthia) and southwest (Messenia) Peloponnese where it arose and has been most extensively documented. The overview of this culture provided by Margaretha Kramer-Hajos (hereafter MK-H) is refreshingly different in its spatial focus on the Euboean Gulf re

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Ahmed, Abdelkader T., Fatma El Gohary, Vasileios A. Tzanakakis, and Andreas N. Angelakis. "Egyptian and Greek Water Cultures and Hydro-Technologies in Ancient Times." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (2020): 9760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229760.

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Egyptian and Greek ancient civilizations prevailed in eastern Mediterranean since prehistoric times. The Egyptian civilization is thought to have been begun in about 3150 BC until 31 BC. For the ancient Greek civilization, it started in the period of Minoan (ca. 3200 BC) up to the ending of the Hellenistic era. There are various parallels and dissimilarities between both civilizations. They co-existed during a certain timeframe (from ca. 2000 to ca. 146 BC); however, they were in two different geographic areas. Both civilizations were massive traders, subsequently, they deeply influenced the r

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Khan, S., E. Dialynas, V. K. Kasaraneni, and A. N. Angelakis. "Similarities of Minoan and Indus Valley Hydro-Technologies." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 4897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124897.

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This review evaluates Minoan and Indus Valley hydro-technologies in southeastern Greece and Indus Valley Pakistan, respectively. The Minoan civilization first inhabited Crete and several Aegean islands shortly after the Late Neolithic times and flourished during the Bronze Age (ca 3200–1100 BC). At that time, the Minoan civilization developed fundamental technologies and reached its pinnacle as the first and most important European culture. Concurrently, the Indus Valley civilization populated the eastern bank of the Indus River, its tributaries in Pakistan, and the Ganges plains in India and

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Cline, Eric H. "Revisiting 1177 BCE and the Late Bronze Age Collapse." Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies 10, no. 2 (2022): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.10.2.0181.

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ABSTRACT In 2021, a revised and updated version of 1177 BC: The Year Civilization Collapsed was published, in order to include all the new data that had appeared in the intervening seven years. As noted there, we now have additional evidence for drought and climate change around 1200 BCE, in regions stretching from Italy and Greece to Egypt, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Iran. There is also new textual evidence for both famine and invaders in Ugarit immediately prior to its destruction. As outlined in this essay, taken from arguments in the revised edition, I continue to believe that the

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Ghilardi, Matthieu, David Psomiadis, Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, et al. "First evidence of a lake at Ancient Phaistos (Messara Plain, South-Central Crete, Greece): Reconstructing paleoenvironments and differentiating the roles of human land-use and paleoclimate from Minoan to Roman times." Holocene 28, no. 8 (2018): 1225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618771473.

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Phaistos was one of the most important Minoan palaces in Crete and previous studies have addressed its relationship with the paleo-seashore position during historical times. Here, we reconstruct the environmental evolution of Phaistos from Early Minoan to Roman times. Study of two stratigraphic sections and nine boreholes drilled in the westernmost part of the Messara Plain has revealed the stratigraphy of the Mid- to Late-Holocene sediments. Laboratory analyses comprise granulometry, magnetic susceptibility measurements and identification of mollusks, diatoms and pollen grains. Eighteen radio

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Susmann, Natalie M. "Regional Ways of Seeing: A Big-Data Approach for Measuring Ancient Visualscapes." Advances in Archaeological Practice 8, no. 2 (2020): 174–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2020.6.

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AbstractArchaeologists have long acknowledged the significance of mountains in siting Greek cult. Mountains were where the gods preferred to make contact and there people constructed sanctuaries to inspire intervention. Greece is a land full of mountains, but we lack insight on the ancient Greeks’ view—what visible and topographic characteristics made particular mountains ideal places for worship over others, and whether worshiper preferences ever changed. This article describes a data collection and analysis methodology for landscapes where visualscape was a significant factor in situating cu

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Tanner, Michael. "Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil." Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 20 (March 1986): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100004136.

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Although Nietzsche's greatness is recognized more universally now than ever before, the nature of that greatness is still widely misunderstood, and that unfortunately means that before I discuss any of Beyond Good and Evil (henceforth BGE) in any detail, I must make some general remarks about his work, his development and the kind of way in which I think that it is best to read him. Unlike any of the other philosophers that this series includes, except Marx and Engels, Nietzsche is very much concerned to address his contemporaries, because he was aware of a specific historical predicament, one

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Tanner, Michael. "Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil." Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 20 (March 1986): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x00004132.

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Although Nietzsche's greatness is recognized more universally now than ever before, the nature of that greatness is still widely misunderstood, and that unfortunately means that before I discuss any of Beyond Good and Evil (henceforth BGE) in any detail, I must make some general remarks about his work, his development and the kind of way in which I think that it is best to read him. Unlike any of the other philosophers that this series includes, except Marx and Engels, Nietzsche is very much concerned to address his contemporaries, because he was aware of a specific historical predicament, one

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17

El far, Georg. "Can a Materialistic Philosophy Produce a Moral System? "Epicurean Model"." Jordan Journal of Social Sciences 15, no. 3 (2023): 288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/jjss.v15i3.833.

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The main problem in this research was the answer to the question posed about the possibility of the existence of an ethical system based on a materialistic philosophy and not on an idealistic and metaphysical philosophy as was customary in establishing ethical systems. It has nothing to do with idealism or metaphysics. Rather, Democritus adopts the atomic materialist philosophy as its theoretical basis and does not depend on reason or divine laws as a criterion and judgment in moral issues, but rather nature, the sense of pleasure and the avoidance of pain as a spontaneous judgment of human an

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18

Lazarovici, Gheorghe, and Magda Lazarovici. "Rolul sării în procesul de neolitizare din sud-estul Europei." Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei 31 (December 20, 2017): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47802/amet.2017.31.17.

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In order to understand the process of neolithisation of Southeastern and Central Europe, must be underlined the important role played by Transylvania through the numerous springs and salt lakes. The whole Carpathian arch of Transylvania is surrounded by impressive salt sources (Map 1). After a cold period in Europe between 6300-6100 BC, around 6000 BC there is a heating that corresponds to Greece and Anatolia with very hot and dry periods, which causes small pastoral communities to migrate from the Greek-Macedonian areas to the north. These first shepherds’ communities with sheep flocks, defin

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Babinskas, Nerijus. "An outline of typology of social relations in the countries of Byzantine civilization in the VII-XIV Centuries." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 16 (December 28, 2005): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2005.37105.

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The main concepts which the author operates in his attempt to describe typologically a type of social relations in the area of Byzantine civilization in the Middle Ages are: an Asiatic mode of production, a slave mode of production, feudalism, and so-called semi-feudalism. According to E. Gudavičius, there were two ways of historical development of humankind: the main one (extensive) and the exceptional one (intensive). The absolute majority of civilizations developed towards the pattern of the main way. The first exception was Ancient Greece in the archaic period (VIII-VI century BC). The mos

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James, N. "Integration and independence in the Mediterranean world - A.T. Grove & Oliver Rackham. The nature of Mediterranean Europe: an ecological history. 384 pages, 313 b&w & colour figures, 35 tables. 2001. New Haven (CT): Yale University Press; 0-300-084439 hardback £45. - Jon P. Mitchell. Ambivalent Europeans: ritual, memory and the public sphere in Malta, xvi+275 pages, 9 figures. 2002. London: Routledge; 0-41527153-3 paperback. - Greg Woolf. Becoming Roman: the origins of provincial civilization in Gaul, xviii+296 pages, 3 maps, 17 illustrations. 1998. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 0-521-41445-8 hardback £40 & US$64.95 - Andrew J. Shortland (ed.). The social context of technological change: Egypt and the Near East, 1650-1550 BC: proceedings of a conference held at St Edmund Hall, Oxford, 12–14 September 2000. x+273 pages, 55 figures, 13 tables. 42 colour photographs. 2001. Oxford: Oxbow; 1-84217-050-3 paperback £28 & US$45. - Eliezer D. Oren (ed.). The Sea Peoples and their world: a reassessment (University Museum Monograph 108, University Museum Symposium Series 11). xx+360 pages, 146 figures, 5 tables. 2000. Philadelphia (PA): University of Pennsylvania Museum; 0-924171-80-4 hardback $59. - Paul Åström Trial trenches at Dromolaxia-Vyzakia adjacent to Areas 6 and 8 (Hala Sullan Tekke 11; Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology XLV: 11). 68 pages, 77 b&w figures, 5 colour figures. 2001. Jonsered: Paul Äslröm; 91-7081-111-3 paperback Kr250. - A.T. Reyes. The stamp-seals of ancient Cyprus. xvii+286 pages, 545 figures. 2001. Oxford: Oxford University School of Archaeology; 0-947816-52-6 hardback £45 & US$65. - Katharina Giesen. Zyprische Fibeln: Typologie und Chronologie. 467 pages, figures, tables. 2001. Jonsorod: Paul Äström; 91-7081-171-7 paperback Kr350. - A.M. Snodgrass. The Dark Age of Greece: an archaeological survey of the eleventh to the eighth centuries BC (2nd edition), xxxiv+456 pages, 138 figures. 2000. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 0-7486-1404-4 hardback £57.50, 0-7486-1403-6 paperback £19.95. - Maria Eugenia Aubet. The Phoenicians and the West: politics, colonies and trade (2nd edition; tr. Mary Turton). xv+432 pages, 106 figures, 3 tables. 2001. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 0-52179161-8 hardback £47.50 & US$69.95, 0-521-79543-5 paperback £1 7.95 & US$24.95." Antiquity 76, no. 291 (2002): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00119568.

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Istoria, Admin Wisnu. "BENTURAN ANTAR PERADABAN (CLASH OF CIVILIZATION) DALAM PERSIAN WAR 490 BC-480 BC." ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sejarah 9, no. 1 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/istoria.v9i1.6259.

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Abstract This research was to elaborate the big battles between Greece and Persian in the past called by historian as Persian War. The civilization was one of the most influential factors as source of conflict in the past. The art, philosophy, and technologies by which Greece people were highly endeavors for humankind for several centuries. On the contrary, Persians civilization will be masterpiece for Eastern world. Darius, king of Persians, was the ambitious man, wishes to conquer West Asian and Greece to aggrandize her emporium and brought the Persian into the biggest in the world. This res

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Kolaiti, Eleni, and Nikos Mourtzas. "New insights on the relative sea level changes during the Late Holocene along the coast of Paros Island and the northern Cyclades (Greece)." Annals of Geophysics 63, no. 6 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-8504.

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Geomorphological and archaeological indicators of former sea levels along the coast of Paros enabled us to determine and date six distinct sea level stands and the relative sea level (rsl) changes between them, as well as plot the rsl curve for the last 6,300 years. The Late Holocene history of the rsl change in Paros began with the sea level at 4.90 ± 0.10 m below mean sea level (bmsl) dated to the Late Neolithic period (4300 BC-3700 BC). The next sea level at 3.50 ± 0.20 m bmsl is dated to the Geometric and Archaic period of the Cyclades (1050 BC-490 BC) and most probably lasted during the H

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Athanasiades, Harris. "Enlightenment and School History in 19th Century Greece: the Case of Gerostathis by Leon Melas (1862-1901)." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 4, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.146.

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Students in present-day Greek schools are taught History as a biography of the Greek nation from the Mycenaean times to the present. Over the course of three millennia, the Greek nation has experienced three periods of cultural flourishing and political autonomy: (i) the period of Antiquity (from the times of legendary King Agamemnon to those of Alexander the Great), (ii) the Byzantine period (from Justinian’s ascension in the 6th century to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453), and (iii) the modern era (from the War of Independence in 1821 to the present day). However, in this article we argue

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Guénette, Maxime. "Dedication of Lucius Mummius to Olympian Zeus." 7 | 1 | 2023, no. 1 (August 3, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/axon/2532-6848/2023/01/004.

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After the defeat of the Achaean League and the destruction of Corinth in 146 BC, the Roman general Lucius Mummius Achaicus toured Greece in order to reorganise the Greek territory now under Roman rule. In addition to settling political disputes between cities, Mummius left several offerings and monuments in important cities, temples, and sanctuaries. Taking as a starting point this dedication by Lucius Mummius of an equestrian statue to the Olympian Zeus, we will analyse the different media and communication strategies employed by Lucius Mummius to mark his victory and his exploits in the coll

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Viquar, Uzma, Sadaf Joweria, Nargish Firdaus, and Ahmed Minhajuddin. "A STRUCTURED SUMMARY ABOUT UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE IN PRESENT ERA: AN OUTLOOK." GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS, July 15, 2021, 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/gjra/2915612.

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The Unani system of Medicine started in Greece and was developed by Arabs into an elaborate medical science based on the frame work of the teaching of Hippocrates (460-370 BC) and Galen(131-210 AD). Since that time Unani medicine has been known as Greco-Arab Medicine. After Hippocrates (460- 370 BC) Roman, Arab and Persian scholars enriched the system considerably, of whom Galen stabilized the foundations on which Arab physicians like Razi (850-925 AD) and Ibn Sina (980-1037 AD) constructed an imposing edice. It was introduced in India by the Mughals and soon it took rm roots on Indian soil.

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Biswas, Md Ataur Rahman. "The Cyprus Issue: Reflection on TRNC." Arts Faculty Journal, December 13, 2012, 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/afj.v4i0.12937.

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Cyprus is a Eurasian island country located in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon and north of Egypt. Cyprus is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. The earliest known human activity on the island dates back to around the 10th millennium BC. At a strategic location in the Middle East, Cyprus has been occupied by several major powers, including the empires of the Hittites, Assyrians, Egyptians, Persians, Rashidun and Umayyad Arab caliphates, Lusignans, Venetians, and Ottomans. Settled by Mycenean Greeks in the 2nd millennium B

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MEMİŞ, Ekrem. "The Origin, Identity and Contributions of the Etruscans to Roman Civilization." Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, April 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56597/kausbed.1080533.

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The people known as Etruscans is actually an important folk group formed by the mingling of Anatolian Trojans and Scythians of Turkish origin in Italy and transforming the existing village culture in Italy into urban culture. While Greeks called them Tyrsenes or Tyrhenes, Romans called this people Tuscanians or Etruscans. However, the Etruscans called themselves Rasenna.  The Trojans who emerged as the representatives of the Eastern Block in the Trojan War, which is regarded as the first great struggle of the Eastern and Western worlds in human history, were defeated by the Achaean

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Brandt, Thomas, Marianne Dieterich, and Doreen Huppert. "Human senses and sensors from Aristotle to the present." Frontiers in Neurology 15 (July 3, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1404720.

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This historical review on the semantic evolution of human senses and sensors revealed that Aristotle’s list of the five senses sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell is still in use among non-scientific lay persons. It is no surprise that his classification in the work “De Anima” (On the Soul) from 350 BC confuses the sensor “touch” with the now more comprehensively defined somatosensory system and that senses are missing such as the later discovered vestibular system and the musculotendinous proprioception of the position of parts of the body in space. However, it is surprising that in the t

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