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Romano, Carman. "Rape and Revenge in the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite." Arethusa 58, no. 1 (2025): 75–100. https://doi.org/10.1353/are.2025.a953232.
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Abstract: I assess the gender and power dynamics at play in the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite with methodologies drawn from feminist scholarship on rape in Greek and Roman myth, such as that of Rosanna Lauriola, and on rape-revenge films by Carol Clover, Alexandra Heller-Nicholas, and Claire Henry. I show that Anchises’ so-called “seduction” by Aphrodite ought to be read as sexualized violence committed by deception. I then demonstrate that Aphrodite is able to enact her exploitation of Anchises by enticing him into completing what he thinks will be a “heroic rape,” a common trope of classical myth in which a god or hero acts as rapist. By applying some insights about the rape-revenge film genre, I show how archaic Greek notions of sex, gender, and power are, and are not, challenged by the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite .
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Antonopoulos, D. F., and K. Elena. "Susceptibility of Greek alfalfa and clover cultivars to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis and potential methods of disease control." Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 115, no. 4 (2008): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03356260.
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Alqahtani, Jawaher, Walaa A. Negm, Engy Elekhnawy, et al. "Outlining the Phytoconstituents of Greek Clover Herb Extract and Assessment of Its Effect against Foodborne Infections Caused by Salmonella typhimurium." Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 2 (2024): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph17020259.
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Owing to the spread of resistance between pathogenic bacteria, searching for novel compounds with antibacterial activity is essential. Here, we investigated the potential antibacterial activity of Greek clover or Trigonella foenum-graecum herb extract on Salmonella typhimurium clinical isolates. The chemical profile of the herb was initially determined using LC-ESI-MS/MS, which explored 36 different compounds. Interestingly, the fenugreek extract possessed antibacterial action in vitro with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 64 to 512 µg/mL. The potential mechanism of action was studied by elucidating the effect of the fenugreek extract on the membrane properties of S. typhimurium bacteria, including the inner and outer membrane permeability and membrane integrity. Remarkably, the fenugreek extract had detrimental effects on the membrane properties in 40–60% of the isolates. Moreover, the in vivo antibacterial action was studied using a gastrointestinal infection model with S. typhimurium bacteria. Interestingly, the fenugreek extract (200 mg/kg) improved the infection outcomes in the tested mice. This was represented by the noteworthy decrease (p < 0.05) in the bacterial count in the small intestine and caecum tissues. The survival rate of the fenugreek-extract-treated mice significantly increased compared to the S. typhimurium-infected group. Additionally, there was an improvement in the histological and immunohistochemical features of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In addition, using an ELISA and qRT-PCR, there was an improvement in the proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the fenugreek-extract-treated group. Consequently, fenugreek extract should be investigated further on other food pathogens.
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Ross, S. M., J. R. King, R. C. Izaurralde, and J. T. O’Donovan. "The green manure value of seven clover species grown as annual crops on low and high fertility temperate soils." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 3 (2009): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08173.
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Annual and perennial clover species may differ in green manure value. Seven clover (Trifolium) species were grown as annual crops on low fertility (Breton) and high fertility (Edmonton) soils in Alberta. Four annual clovers [balansa (T. michelianum Savi), berseem (T. alexandrinum L.), crimson (T. incarnatum L.), and Persian (T. resupinatum L.)], three perennial clovers [alsike (T. hybridum L.), red (T. pratense L.), and white Dutch (T. repens L.)] and a non-legume reference crop [fall rye (Secale cereale L.)] were ploughed-down as green manure in autumn, and followed by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Annual clovers had greater biomass yields than perennial clovers, and berseem clover had the highest yield. At Breton, mean biomass N content was greater for perennial clovers (2.9 g N kg-1) than annual clovers (1.9 g N kg-1). Clover biomass at Breton yielded an average of 77 kg N ha-1, with N derived from the atmosphere averaging 88% by N difference method and 75% by 15N natural abundance method. At Edmonton, the green manures had few effects on soil nitrate and subsequent barley yields. At Breton, all clover green manures except balansa increased barley yields, and grain yields were greater following perennial clovers than annual clovers in one year. Annual clovers will provide forage biomass and add N in areas where rainfall is adequate, and they may be preferable under zero tillage. However there is no advantage of annual clovers, relative to perennial clovers, in terms of N supply.Key words: Green manure, clover, Trifolium species, nitrogen fixation
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Barbetti, MJ. "Breakdown in resistance of subterranean clovers to clover scorch disease (Kabatiella caulivora)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 3 (1995): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9950645.
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In spring 1990, in the Australasian Subterranean Clover and Alternative Legume Improvement Program field plots at Denmark, Western Australia, subterranean clover cultivars and crossbred lines normally highly resistant to clover scorch disease caused by Kabatiella caulivora, were severely affected by this disease. Testing the response of subterranean clover varieties to Kabatiella isolates taken from plants from these plots indicates the arrival of a new race of the fungus. The new race differs from all other isolates in overcoming the previously outstanding resistance of cultivars Green Range, Junee, Daliak and Esperance.
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Koehler-Cole, Katja, James R. Brandle, Charles A. Francis, Charles A. Shapiro, Erin E. Blankenship, and P. Stephen Baenziger. "Clover green manure productivity and weed suppression in an organic grain rotation." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 32, no. 5 (2016): 474–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170516000430.
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AbstractGreen manure crops must produce high biomass to supply biological N, increase organic matter and control weeds. The objectives of our study were to assess above-ground biomass productivity and weed suppression of clover (Trifolium spp.) green manures in an organic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-corn (Zea mays L.) rotation in eastern Nebraska in three cycles (2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14). Treatments were green manure species [red clover (T. pratense L.) and white clover (T. repens L.)] undersown into winter wheat in March and green manure mowing regime (one late summer mowing or no mowing). We measured wheat productivity and grain protein at wheat harvest, and clover and weed above-ground biomass as dry matter (DM) at wheat harvest, 35 days after wheat harvest, in October and in April before clover termination. Winter wheat grain yields and grain protein were not affected by undersown clovers. DM was higher for red than for white clover at most sampling times. Red clover produced between 0.4 and 5.5 Mg ha−1 in the fall and 0.4–5.2 Mg ha−1 in the spring. White clover produced between 0.1 and 2.5 Mg ha−1 in the fall and 0.2–3.1 Mg ha−1 in the spring. Weed DM was lower under red clover than under white clover at most sampling times. In the spring, weed DM ranged from 0.0 to 0.6 Mg ha−1 under red clover and from 0.0 to 3.1 Mg ha−1 under white clover. Mowing did not consistently affect clover or weed DM. For organic growers in eastern Nebraska, red clover undersown into winter wheat can be a productive green manure with good weed suppression potential.
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Mahulette, Asri Subkhan, Hariyadi Hariyadi, Sudirman Yahya, Ade Wachjar, and Anggra Alfian. "Morphological Traits of Maluku Native Forest Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr & Perry)." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 6, no. 02 (2019): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.02.105-111.
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A study was conducted to study the morphology of the forest cloves groups based on their sizes of their leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds, and to determine their potential yield and optimize their production system. The research was conducted for six months from January until June 2018 in Ambon, Maluku Province, Indonesia. The research used a random sampling technique to > 15-year-old trees in productive clove forest maintained by the local farmer in Ambon. The observation and recording was conducted at several stages of clover growth, namely bud sprouting, flower bud, blooming, perianths and anthers senescence, unripe green and ripe fruits. Different size groups of forest cloves have significant differences in the duration of flower and fruit formation. Forest cloves with large leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds had quicker ripening process than the othersize groups, but their fruits were longer to ripen. Flower from the medium size group had the shortest duration to develop its flower and form its fruit, whereas the smallest type took the longest time in fruit formation process but the duration of fruit ripening was similar to those from large morphology. Among the three different sizes of forest cloves in Maluku, the trees with large leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds group are the best to be commercially developed due to its earliest time to harvest and large flower sizes. Forest cloves are best harvested when the flowers are fully matured, indicated by one or two flower buds from one inflorescence have bloomed.
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Evans, J., G. Scott, D. Lemerle, et al. "Impact of legume 'break' crops on the yield and grain quality of wheat and relationship with soil mineral N and crop N content." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 8 (2003): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02224.
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The effect of annual 'break' crops on the yield and protein content of wheat was investigated over 3 seasons on a Red Kandasol on the south-western slopes of New South Wales. The 'break' crops included lupin and pea grown for grain, pea and vetch managed for silage, clovers managed for silage or hay, and vetch and clovers managed for green manuring. Wheat was sown for 2 years following the legume year, or canola and wheat followed the legumes. Averaged over 3 experiments the yields of first crop wheat following pea or vetch silage crops were comparable with those after grain pea. Yields following clover forage conservation crops or green manures exceeded those after grain pea by at least 0.41 t/ha; average yield increase after clover green manure was 0.93 t/ha. In one experiment, yields of second crop wheat were greater, by up to 0.37 t/ha, after forage conservation or green manure legume 'breaks' than after grain legumes. In 2 experiments, second crop wheat yields were greater after a first crop of canola than a first crop of wheat. Compared with continuous wheat yield, aggregate mean wheat yield increases were 3.5–4 t/ha following grain legumes, pea, and vetch silage crops, but 5.3–6.3 t/ha following clover forage conservation and green manure crops. However, the relative effects of legume treatments on wheat yield were significantly seasonally dependent. Yield and grain protein variation in wheat after legumes was significantly correlated with variation in mineral N at wheat establishment. However, in one experiment, yield was correlated only with variation in mineral N below the 20-cm soil depth, whereas protein was correlated only with variation in mineral N above the 20 cm soil depth. Yield increases in first crop wheat did not occur at the expense of grain protein.
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Basyir, Vaulinne, Yusrawati Yusrawati, and Gistin Husnul Khatimah. "Thanatophoric Dysplasia." Journal Obgin Emas 5, no. 1 (2021): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aoj.5.1.112-118.2021.
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Background: The term tanatophorik comes from the Greek word thanatophorus which means "innate death" or "bearing death". The problem that underlies this disease is the process of bone formation. This disease is associated with an autosomal dominant inherited mutation of the fibroblast growth factor 3 receptor (FGFR3) gene on the arm of chromosome 4 (4p16.3). Because FGFR3 is the main modulator in bone formation, the typical clinical features of this disease include shortening of the extremities, curved femur, clover-like skull and narrowing of the thoracic cavity.Tanatophoric dysplasia is a skeletal disorder that is "lethal" or deadly. The deaths occurred due to respiratory failure caused by reduced chest cavity capacity, hypoplastic lungs and / or brainstem compression.Destination: Reported a case of thanatophoric dysplasiaMethod: Case Report Case Report: Case 33 years old woman, with preterm parturient G1P0A0H0 35-36 weeks 1 latent phase + history of 2x laparotomy + suspected fetal tanatophoric dysplasia. On ultrasound examination, it was found that BPD = 9.14 cm; AC = 30.56 cm; HC = 32.05 cm; FL = 2.55 cm; AFI; 9.06cm; SDAU = 1.72 cm. The presence of frontal bosing, saddle nose and micromilia (proximal, distal, phalanges) was found. The patient was planned for vaginal delivery and the progress of labor was followed. Patients provided informed consent regarding the possibility of fetal death during labor and after birth. During the active phase of the labor process, hypotony uterine innersia occurs and oxytocin drip is performed to accelerate labor. The baby was born male, weight 2175 grams, body length 34 cm and A / S: 1/0. Postmortem physical examination revealed macroscopic findings of tanatophoric dysplasia infants such as hypertelorism, low nasal bridge, cranio-facial disproportion. Narrow chest with protruding abdomen and short, bent limbs.Conclusion: Tanatophoric dysplasia is "lethal" skeletal dysplasia. Careful prenatal examination is required in diagnosis and termination of pregnancy. Keywords: Thanatophoric dysplasia, prenatal diagnosis
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Amons, Sergey. "THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF GRASS STANDS OF MEADOW CLOVER UNDER COVER CULTIVATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST STEPPE." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 4 (35) (December 24, 2024): 82–96. https://doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2024-4-8.
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Meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the most valuable fodder plants in the world. To increase the production of high-protein plant resources in Ukraine, it is advisable to expand the planting of perennial leguminous grasses and improve the technologies of their cultivation for fodder purposes in the regions. Due to this, the need for feed protein can be fully met. In the conditions of the forest-steppe zone, meadow clover takes the main place among leguminous grasses in field and meadow grass sowing. Clover crops make it possible to provide livestock with complete feed and partially solve the problem of protein deficiency in diets. According to the recommendations of a number of authors, the terms of sowing meadow clover in the forest-steppe zone coincide with the terms of sowing a cover crop, that is, it allows early spring sowing - under-cover. n the conditions of the region, studies on the influence of cover crops and their sowing rates during under-cover cultivation of meadow clover have been carried out extremely insufficiently. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of cover crops on the growth and development of meadow clover and the yield of green mass. Experimental data on the cultivation of meadow clover for seeds and green mass in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe were obtained. It was determined that when growing meadow clover under a cover of spring barley in crops of the first year of life, clogging is reduced, coverless crops of clover provide the highest yield of green mass and seeds with the best sowing qualities. The conducted studies showed that, on average, in the chain of crop rotation, the cover crop - clovers of the second year of life provided the maximum yield of dry fodder with meadow clover sown under millet with the minimum (2.5 million/ha) rate of seed sowing - 97.8 t/ha. The total collection of green fodder on this option was also the highest - 785 tons. That is, barley, as a cover crop for meadow clover, physiologically turned out to be worse.
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McLaren, CE, and PT Doyle. "Utilization of clover diets by sheep. 1. Intake and digestion of organic matter and cell wall constituents." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 5 (1988): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880871.
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Nine mature Merino sheep received three clover diets in a randomized block design experiment. The diets were mature subterranean clover (MSC), apparent organic matter digestibility (OMD) 60%; green subterranean clover (GSC), OMD 72%; persian clover (PC), OMD 67070, and were given at 95% of measured ad libitum intake. The voluntary consumption of the MSC was lower than the intakes of the CSC and PC. Consequently, the sheep given MSC lost weight, while those receiving the more digestible diets gained weight. Associated with the different intakes in these clover diets, there there were no differences in the levels of ruminal fill, but there were differences in ruminal loads of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in sheep given MSC, GSC and PC, respectively. The flows of DM and OM through the abomasum were lower for MSC, and with a tendency for the fractional outflow rate of NDF of this diet to be lower (2.3 v. 2.8% h-1) when compared to the GSC and PC hays. The proportions of apparent OM (0.65-0.71), of NDF (0.71-0.82) and of ADF (0.95-140) digestion occurring in the rumen were similar for the three clover hays. The fractional digestion rates of potentially digestible NDF were higher for the more digestible clovers (c. 8.6% h-1) than for the MSC (6.5% h-1). The intake of the higher digestibility clovers may have been more related to the capacity of the sheep to use absorbed nutrients than to constraints imposed by ruminal digesta load, rate of digestion in the rumen or rate of outflow to the omasum. With the MSC the level of ruminal or dry matter load was low. In addition, the fractional rates of digestion and of outflow of cell wall constituents were or tended to be lower for this diet than for the other clovers. Intake of MSC may have been limited not only by these factors, but also by the supply of essential nutrients to the tissues or by other characteristics of the hay influencing its acceptability to sheep.
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Abdul Aziz, Ahmad Hazim, Dwila Nur Rizkiyah, Lailatul Qomariyah, Irianto Irianto, Mohd Azizi Che Yunus, and Nicky Rahmana Putra. "Unlocking the Full Potential of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Spice: An Overview of Extraction Techniques, Bioactivity, and Future Opportunities in the Food and Beverage Industry." Processes 11, no. 8 (2023): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11082453.
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This review article provides an overview of the bioactive compounds of clove, their health benefits, and their potential application in food and beverages. Cloves are rich in phenolic compounds, mainly eugenol, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, and wound-healing properties. Traditional methods of clove extraction, such as Soxhlet and maceration, have limitations. Green extraction methods, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurised liquid extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction, have shown promising results. The potential application of clove extract in various food and beverage products are also discussed. Finally, future perspectives and challenges for clove extraction are highlighted. Overall, the review highlights the potential of clove extract as a natural source of bioactive compounds for various applications in the food and beverage industry.
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Widyanarto, Widyanarto, Febrianti Febrianti, and Mega Lestari Silalahi. "Symbolic Study- Representation in Nyongsong Dance." Jurnal Seni Tari 12, no. 2 (2023): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jst.v12i2.75430.
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Nyongsong dance tells of the activities of clove harvesting farmers in the Anambas Islands. Harvesting cloves includes climbing, picking, crushing, and drying cloves. This research is qualitative. The data collection technique was carried out by researchers through participatory observation, and the data analysis stage used qualitative descriptive methods. The presentation of the Nyongsong dance consists of three rounds, act 1 presents the farmers climbing and picking cloves symbolized by up and down movements exploring the clove tree setprop, act 2 presents the activity of crushing cloves symbolized by female dancers exploring the movement of ukel and exploring the properties of the jute sack by male dancers, and in act 3, the activity of farmers drying cloves is presented, symbolized by seven dancers exploring brown cloth together. This Nyongsong dance used corrective makeup with brown and green clothes. The props used in this dance are inspired by the tools farmers use when harvesting cloves, such as bags, winnowing, and burlap sacks. Danced by seven dancers, including two male dancers and five female dancers. The accompanying music is created life using Malay musical instruments such as selondang, serunai, violin, mong, gong, bebano, darbuka, flute, multiped percussion, and sequencer. This research aims to examine the Nyongsong dance from the perspective of representational symbols as enriching knowledge about the study of choreography through symbols and representations.
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Sağdıç, Ali, and Elvan Şahin. "A Closer Look into Turkish Elementary Teachers Regarding Their Beliefs on Education for Sustainable Development." International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education 6, no. 2 (2016): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.18497/iejee-green.42181.
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Boulet, Anne-Karine, Carlos Alarcão, António Ferreira, and Rudi Hessel. "Conciliating Traditional Green Manure Technique and Modern Precision Agriculture." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030070.
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Currently the productivity of some European cropping systems is maintained artificially by increasing production factors like mineral fertilizers or pesticides in order to mask the loss of productivity resulting from soil quality degradation. Green manures are known as a good alternative to the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. They are an important source of nitrogen and reduce significantly weed invasion. Nevertheless, the literature providing a precise quantification of total nutrients available for plants after incorporation of leguminous species cultivated in Portugal is scarce. This lake of knowledge’s makes farmers worried about hypothetic productivity loss, making them to use excessive complementary amounts of mineral fertilizer. Providing farmers with tools to calculated accurately the reduction of mineral fertilizer will increase their gain and avoid environmental pollution by nutrients lixiviation. Under the scope the international H2020 SoilCare project, a study was conducted during the winter and spring of 2018–2019 at Baixo Mondego valley in Central Portugal, where the main land use is the monoculture of irrigated corn. The nutrient uptake was determined for 5 species of legumes: pre-inoculated Pea (Pisum sativum L.); Yellow Lupin (Lupinus luteus), Red Clover (Trifolium pratense); Balansa Clover (Trifolium michelianum); Arrowleaf Clover (Trifolium vesiculosum) and a control (natural vegetation). For each treatment, we determined total dry matter yield for leguminous and weeds, macronutrients uptake (N and P Total, K, Na, Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients uptake (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn). Combining soil analyses, theoretical main crop needs in nutrients (short cycle grain maize) and mineralization rates, we calculated the precise amendment needed to obtain the expected yield of maize in what concerns the macronutrient. The production of total dry matter (leguminous and weeds) was very similar for the 5 treatments e.g., about 7 ton/ha. Nevertheless, considering leguminous production, the higher dry matter yields was obtain for the Arrowleaf Clover and the lower for the Red Clover respectively 5.5 and 3.5 ton/ha. The Macronutrient content (N,P,K) of the leguminous ranged between 22.9 and 28.0 g/kg for N, 2.4 and 3.1 g/kg for P and 12.1 and 31.5 g/kg for K. The Yellow Lupin presented the higher values of N, the clovers the higher values of P and K. The total quantity of macronutrients incorporated in the soil was in average 152 kg/ha for N, 20 kg/ha for P and 170 kg/ha for K with the higher quantities for Arrowleaf Clover. We considered a mineralization coefficient of 0.5 for N and 0.6 for P during the first year and a nutrient extraction of 280 kg/ha of N, 50 kg/ha of P and 245 kg/ha of K, for a production yield of 12 t/ha of corn grain. After correction of plant needs following the soil analyses results, we determinate an optimized fertilization rate of 180-40-0, were the green manure supplies about 35%, 25% and 100% of the NPK extraction of the grain maize.
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Campbell, Benjamin C., Gregory A. Petsko, and Ce Feng Liu. "Crystal Structure of Green Fluorescent Protein Clover and Design of Clover-Based Redox Sensors." Structure 26, no. 2 (2018): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2017.12.006.
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Craig Bettenhausen. "Cement gets closer to green." C&EN Global Enterprise 101, no. 26 (2023): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10126-buscon14.
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Członka, Sylwia, Anna Strąkowska, Krzysztof Strzelec, Agnė Kairytė, and Arūnas Kremensas. "Bio-Based Polyurethane Composite Foams with Improved Mechanical, Thermal, and Antibacterial Properties." Materials 13, no. 5 (2020): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051108.
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Among different organic fillers, the chemical composition of Syzygium aromaticum, commonly known as cloves, has great potential as a sustainable reinforcement for polymeric materials. In the study, grounded cloves were used as cellulosic filler for a novel polyurethane (PU) composite foams. Soybean oil-based PU composite foams were successfully reinforced with different concentrations (1, 2, and 5 wt%) of clove filler. PU foams were examined by rheological behavior, processing parameters, cellular structure (scanning electron microscopy analysis), mechanical properties (compression test, impact test, three-point bending test), thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis), viscoelastic behavior (dynamic mechanical analysis) as well as selected application properties (apparent density, dimensional stability, surface hydrophobicity, water absorption, color characteristic). In order to undertake the disc diffusion method, all PU composites were tested against selected bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the addition of 1 and 2 wt% of clove filler leads to PU composite foams with improved compression strength (improvement by ≈18% for sample PU-1), greater flexural strength (increase of ≈11%), and improved impact strength (increase of ≈8%). Moreover, it has been proved that clove filler may be used as a natural anti-aging compound for polymeric materials. Based on the antibacterial results, it has been shown that the addition of clove filler significantly improved the antibacterial properties of PU foams and is suitable for the manufacturing of antimicrobial PU composite foams. Due to these positive and beneficial effects, it can be stated that the use of cloves as a natural filler in PU composite foams can promote a new application path in converting agricultural waste into useful resources for creating a new class of green materials.
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Afrendi, Erwin, Muhammad Eka Prastya, Rika Indri Astuti, Wulan Tri Wahyuni, and Irmanida Batubara. "Bioactivity of the Ethanol Extract of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) as Antitoxin." International Journal of Food Science 2023 (September 21, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3245210.
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Toxic compounds can induce the formation of free radicals (reactive oxygen species (ROS)) which can trigger damage and decrease cell viability. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) contains phenolic compounds that are useful as antioxidants which can reduce ROS toxicity. However, little is known about the antitoxin activity of clove extract. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the effect of ethanolic clove extract as an antitoxin agent against malachite green (MG) mutagen using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model. The methods used to analyze the ability of ethanolic clove extract as antitoxin were decolorization assay and cell viability test towards MG. The phenol contents of leaf and bud extract were 441.28 and 394.73 mg GAE g-1 extract, respectively. Clove leaf extract has strong antioxidant activity in vitro (IC50 9.29 ppm for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 29.57 for 2,2 ′ -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)). Liquid chromatography quadrupole-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed the presence of 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid and several other bioactive compounds, in which these compounds had bioactivity against toxic compound. The addition of extract reduced the ability of S. cerevisiae to decolorize malachite green but increased cell viability. Based on the data, clove leaf extract shows the potential antitoxin activity. This research should facilitate a preliminary study to investigate the antitoxin agent derived from cloves leaf extract. Further research to analyze the antitoxin mechanism of this extract in yeast model is interesting to do to provide a comprehensive insight into the potential antitoxin agents of clove leaf extract.
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Mohammed, Israa S., and Lamiaa, M. S. Al-Freeh. "Effect of mixing ratios and spraying with microelements on the growth and yield of forage for a mixture of oats and clover." Bionatura 8, no. 4 (2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.67.
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A field experiment was carried out in the fields of the Agricultural Research Station-College of Agriculture, University of Basra, during the winter season of 2021-2022. To study the effect of seeding rates of both oats and Egyptian clover with mixing percentages of 100% oats, 75% oats + 25% clover, 50% oats + 50% clover, 75% clover + 25% oats, 100% clover as the first factor and microelements at a concentration of 1500, 3000 and 4500 ppm as a second factor. The time for spraying with micro-elements was in the branching stage, 7-10 days after the first spray and 7-10 days after the second spray. The experiment was carried out in a factorial experiment with three replications, according to a randomized complete block design, RCBD. Three cuttings were taken during the crop’s growth period. The height of the oats and clover plants, the number of oat tillers, the number of clover branches, the weight ratio of leaves to tillers and stems, and the amount of green and dry forage were measured. The results of the study showed that the different ratios of mixing oats and clover crops contributed to the production of the studied traits; 50% of oats + 50% of clover in the second cutting recorded the highest yield of green fodder (66.84 tons ha-1) and dry fodder yield (22.37 tons ha-1). As for the effect of concentrations of microelements, the level of 4500 ppm achieved superiority in all growth characteristics of all cutting, and the highest yield was recorded in green fodder (65.57 tons ha-1) and dry forage (22.44 tons ha-1) at the second cutting. 50% oats + 50% clover at the level of 4500 ppm gave the highest yield for green fodder (69.66 tons ha-1) and dry (24.81 tons ha-1). Keywords: Mixture; Spraying; micro-nutrients; green fodder; Avena sativa; Clover.
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Тимошкина, О. Ю., О. А. Тимошкин, and Е. В. Тимощук. "Productivity of mixed ecosystems of white clover and gramineous in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region." Кормопроизводство, no. 3.2022 (June 1, 2022): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25685/krm.2022.3.2022.009.
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В 2019–2021 годах на опытном поле лаборатории агротехнологий обособленного подразделения Пензенский НИИСХ ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр лубяных культур» проводили оценку урожайности и качества зелёной массы многолетних травосмесей. Цель исследований — разработать технологические приёмы возделывания клевера ползучего и мятликовых трав — овсяницы луговой, райграса пастбищного и мятлика лугового — в смешанных посевах путём подбора компонентов, норм высева и фона минерального питания для получения высокой продуктивности агрофитоценозов в условиях лесостепи Среднего Поволжья. Изучаемые факторы — состав смесей (клевер ползучий + мятликовый компонент), нормы высева компонентов (40 + 70%; 55 + 55%; 70 + 40% от нормы высева в чистом виде), фон минерального питания (без удобрений, Р45К45, N30Р45К45). В среднем за 2 года установлены достоверные различия по урожайности зелёной массы (в среднем по изучаемым факторам) между вариантами по фактору А (компоненты смеси): клевер ползучий + мятлик луговой (26,6 т/га), клевер ползучий + райграс пастбищный (28,0 т/га) и клевер ползучий + овсяница луговая (29,2 т/га), по фактору В (норма высева): 70 + 40% (29,1 т/га), 55 + 55% (26,3 т/га), 40 + 70% (28,5 т/га); НСР05 по факторам А и В — 0,53 т/га. Применение минеральных удобрений (фактор С) обеспечивало получение достоверных прибавок зелёной массы (в среднем по факторам): 6,9% — при внесении Р45К45, 15,4% — при внесении N30Р45К45. В среднем за 2 года пользования наиболее высокие урожайность зелёной массы (19,45 т/га) и сбор сухого вещества (4,24 т/га) получены у травосмеси клевера ползучего (70%) с овсяницей (40%) при N30Р45К45. Лучшие показатели продуктивности — 69,8–79,6 ГДж/га, 6,38–6,96 тыс. корм. ед./га, 0,88–0,93 т/га переваримого протеина — получены при внесении N30Р45К45 в смесях клевера ползучего с мятликом луговым, клевера ползучего с овсяницей луговой (70 + 40%), клевера ползучего с райграсом пастбищным (40 + 70%). По зоотехническим требованиям все смеси отвечали необходимым показателям. In 2019–2021 Federal Research Center of Fibre Crops tested productivity and quality of green mass from perennial grass mixtures. The aim was to develop cultivation techniques for white clove mixtures with gramineous — meadow fescue, perennial ryegrass and bluegrass in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The factors studied — mixture composition (white clover + gramineous), seeding rate (40 + 70%; 55 + 55%; 70 + 40%), mineral background (no fertilizers, Р45К45, N30Р45К45). Significant effect of mixture composition was observed on green mass yield among variants: white clover + bluegrass (26.6 t ha-1), white clover + perennial ryegrass (28.0 t ha-1) and white clover + meadow fescue (29.2 t ha-1). Seeding rates provided significant yield increase: 70 + 40% (29.1 t ha-1), 55 + 55% (26.3 t ha-1), 40 + 70% (28.5 t ha-1); LSD05 — 0.53 t ha-1. Mineral fertilization (factor C) significantly increased green mass yield: 6.9% — under the application of Р45К45, 15.4% —N30Р45К45. White clover mixed with meadow fescue (70 + 40%) provided the highest yields of green mass (19.45 t ha-1) and dry matter (4.24 t ha-1) on the background of N30Р45К45. The highest productivities of white clover mixture with bluegrass, white clover with meadow fescue (70 + 40%) and white clover with perennial ryegrass (70 + 40%) — 69.8–79.6 GJ ha-1, 6.38–6.96 thousand feed units ha-1, 0.88–0.93 t ha-1 of digestible protein — were obtained on the background of N30Р45К45. All grass mixtures met the standard requirements.
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Susilowati, M., S. Wahyuni, A. Setiadi, and N. Bermawie. "Yield and morphological characteristics of cloves from Semarang plantation, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1377, no. 1 (2024): 012097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1377/1/012097.
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Abstract Cloves, originating from Indonesia’s Moluccas Islands, have spread across various regions over time. Semarang, Central Java, is a notable clove production center, showcasing distinct advantages. Despite originating in the 1980s, Semarang’s clove production remains robust, boasting longevity and high yields. This study focuses on Semarang’s clove plantation, which belongs to the Samyo Rahayu Farmers Group in Gebugan Village, Bergas. The research aimed to evaluate clove yield and morphological traits. The methodology involved selecting high-yield blocks followed by the selection of mother trees. Morphological characteristics like canopy shape, stem dimensions, leaf attributes, and inflorescence traits were examined. Additionally, GC-MS analysis identified oil chemical components. Findings revealed an average plant height of 11.72 m and trunk circumference of 115.55 cm. Canopy shape primarily exhibited a cylindrical form with 1-3 main branches. Leaves displayed green, glossy, and smooth textures upon maturity, transitioning from reddish to bright red in their young shoots, with petiole length of 2.17cm, leaf length of 10.96 cm, and leaf width of 4.39 cm and ratio 2.5. Inflorescences followed a short type, with pink to red mature flower tubes, rounded or slightly pointed corollas, and distinctive red corollas – characteristics typical of the Zanzibar type. Inflorescences were characterized by short arrangements, with an average of 12-20 flower buds per inflorescence. There were tree-to-tree fresh flower yield fluctuations between 40 to 100 kg. Dried clove bud with water content 5.73-6.82 % contained oil 14.67 – 17.96 %. Essential oil compounds analysis indicated the presence of 15-20 chemical components, with eugenol constituting over 70%, signifying its primary compound. This population may be recommended as genetic material for breeding high-yielding cloves.
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Balog, Adalbert. "Jumping – ship – can have its costs: implications of predation and host plant species for the maintenance of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) colour polymorphism." Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, no. 5 (2013): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485313000217.
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AbstractThe interplay between the host plant of an insect herbivore and an insect predator (here two-spot ladybird beetles; Adalia bipunctata (L).; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), feeding upon such a herbivore was examined in the laboratory as factors possibly determining the differential abundance and success of green and red host races of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris. The experiment comprised three treatments: two host plants (bean and clover), two treatment levels (control and predation) and three colour morph levels (green alone, red alone and green and red in mixture). Green morphs had higher fitness on the general host plant, bean Vicia faba, than on the derived host, clover (Trifolium pratense), in the absence of predation. Although green morph fitness was reduced by predation when infesting bean together with reds, there was no observable net fitness loss due to predation on clover in mixed colonies with red morphs. Red morphs exhibited fitness loss alone on both bean and clover, while clover plants seemingly prevented fitness loss in the presence of predation when red morphs were mixed with green ones. According to this scenario, when colour morphs existed as a mixed colony, the net fitness of either pea aphid morph was not influenced by predation on clover. Predators had significant effects only on red morphs on broad bean either when alone or were mixed together with green morphs. Thus, only red morphs experienced the benefits of switching from the general to the derived host red clover in the presence of predation. For green morphs, there was no apparent cost of switching host plants when they faced predation. Hence, the co-existence of green-red colour polymorphism of pea aphids on single host plants appears to be maintained by the morph gaining fitness on the derived host due to a host plant– and predation–reduction effect. These findings have important implications for understanding the ecology and evolution of host switching by different colour-plant host adapted races of pea aphids.
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Pegova, N. "Effect of fallow and system of tillage on crop yield of element of crop rotation." Bulletin of Science and Practice 4, no. 11 (2018): 166–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1488139.
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The crop data of the crop rotation link (winter rye, spring wheat with clover seed, clover of first-year use, winter rye) of long-term stationary field experiment (second rotation) are presented. Three systems of fall tillage (dumped, combined, nonmoldboard), kinds of fallow (clean, clean with entering of cattle manure 60 t/ha, green–manure mustard, green–manure clover) are being studied. Nonmoldboard tillage in comparison with the dumped and combined led to a decrease in the grain crops yield on average by experience to 2.75 t/ha. By dumped tillage it amounted to 3.32, combined — 3.07 t/ha of grain units. The meadow clover yield did not depend on the method of tillage — 2.01–2.12 t/ha of grain units. The entering of manure into fallow and clover green–manure fallow ensured the highest yield of winter rye grain — 2.59 and 2.61 t/ha, in the aftereffect of spring wheat — 2.84 and 2.77 t/ha, in control with pure fallow — 2.42 and 2.39 t/ha. The effectiveness of the manure depended on the way it was embedded in fallow. A negative correlation was found between the yield of a cover crop of spring wheat and clover, r = −0,706. The productivity of one hectare of soil, taking into account the depressive influence of individual factors in the manure application variant, was the highest — 2.95, with clean, green–manure mustard and clover fallows — 2.72–2.74 t/ha of grain units. In the conditions of 2015–2018, a positive effect of manure is noted on the yield of all grain crops. The influence of the green–manure clover fallow lasted 2 years. The crops yield on the green–manure mustard fallow was at the level of control with clean fallow. The average yield of grain crops in the variant with pure fallow (control) was 2.83, from entering manure it increased to 3.36, the use of green–manure mustard fallow — increased to 2.97, and clover — to 3.05 t/ha of grain units.
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Polyudina, R. I. "New cultivar of red clover Prima." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 49, no. 3 (2019): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2019-3-5.
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The results of breeding work on creation of the new cultivar of red clover are presented. The hybrid population (15-10-D (2n)) was created by the method of crossbreeding and selection in the conditions of artifi cial climate. Selection of winterhardy high-yielding forms of this hybrid population was conducted in the forest-steppe zone of West Siberia. The population 15-10-D (2n) was tested in three cycles of competitive variety trial (crops of 2006, 2008 and 2010) and was submitted to the State variety testing under the name Prima. According to the results of the competitive variety trial during 2007–2013, the new early-ripening diploid cultivar Prima showed high winter hardiness of 97.0-99.0%. The duration of the growing season is 115 days (on the level of standard early-ripening tetraploid cultivar Meteor). The yield of green mass in two cuts is 19.6-58.7 t/ha, the yield of dry matter is 4.2-13.5 t/ha, the yield of seeds is 276-392 kg/ ha. The average yield of green mass in two cuts of the new cultivar is 38.8 t/ha, the average yield of dry matter is 8.7 t/ha, the average yield of seeds is 317 kg/ha, which exceeds standard cultivar Meteor by 52%. The seed content of Prima cultivar is 52%, Meteor – 38%. The crude protein content in dry matter is 16.1%, the fi ber content is 26.0%. Prima cultivar has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation to be grown in the West Siberian region since 2019. The copyright certifi cate and patent for the breeding achievement were received.
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Doyle, PT, and CE McLaren. "Utilization of clover diets by sheep. 2. Intake, digestion and utilization of nitrogen and sulfur." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 5 (1988): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880881.
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Nine mature Merino wethers were fed three clover diets at 95% of previously measured intake under steady state conditions. The diets were mature subterranean clover (MSC), green subterranean clover (GSC) and persian clover (PC). The utilization of dietary N and S was studied for each feed.The ratios of digestible organic matter (DOM) to crude protein (CP) in the diets ranged from 3.9 to 5.5 : 1. The flow of microbial crude protein (MCP) from the abomasum was only 34 g day-1 in sheep given MSC compared to 77 g day-1 for GSC and 85 g day-1 for PC. However, the calculated efficiencies of MCP synthesis were 230-250 g MCP per kg OM apparently digested in the rumen for the three clovers. Despite the similar efficiencies of MCP synthesis, the ammonia-N (30 mg l-1) and sulfide-S (220 8g l-1) concentrations in the rumen of sheep fed MSC were low. The concentrations for the the other clovers were ammonia-N 90-110 mg l-1 and sulfide-S 730-1770 8g l-1. The amount of CP apparently digested in the intestines (DCPi) was only 31 g day-1 in sheep given MSC compared to 100 g day-1 and 81 g-1 in those fed GSC and PC, respectively. While this indicates that protein insufficiency in the tissues may have limited the intake of MSC, the DCPi values per unit of DOM intake were 150,210 and 150 g kg DOM-1 for MSC, GSC and PC, respectively. Sheep excreted more N and S (% of intake) in faeces when given MSC compared to GSC or PC.The sheep were in positive apparent balance for N and S when fed GSC or PC, but were mobilizing these nutrients from tissues at the low intakes of DOM, N and S with MSC. The wool growth rates and amounts of N and S incorporated into wool when MSC was fed were about half the other two feeds.These results are discussed in relation to other work on the utilization of N and S by sheep and likely effects of this on the intake of the feeds.
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Kurdakova, O., Svetlana Ivanova, and Aminat Konova. "The best diploid varieties of red clover Smolensk breeding." Agrarian Bulletin of the 196, no. 5 (2020): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-196-5-2-10.
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Abstract. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative assessment of the variety numbers (height, yield of green mass and air-dry matter, percentage of leaf content, leaf yield) and identify the most productive for creating new varieties. The object of research was 2 variety numbers (A-44 and S-434) as the most productive, in comparison with the standard zoned variety of meadow clover Smolenskiy 29 in the conditions of a relatively aligned background of mineral nutrition, optimal density of standing herbage from the first stages of selection, optimal timing of sowing and timely care and harvesting. Observations and accounting were performed according to generally accepted methods. Results and practical significance. The article presents the results for 2009–2010 and 2012–2013 on economically valuable indicators of promising cultivars of meadow clover: winter hardiness, duration of the growing season, height, leafage percentage, yield of green mass, air-dry matter, yield of leaves and seeds. In the competitive variety testing, the best indicators were demonstrated by the A-44 and S-434 variety numbers, whose growing periods were shorter by 8 and 16 days, respectively, of the standard variety. Variety numbers had high winter hardiness (95.3 % and 97.4 %), yield of green mass at the level of 54.5 and 64.8 t/ha, air-dry matter – 12.5 and 14.3 t/ha, seeds – 2.6 and 2.9 c/ha, leafiness (48.4–49.2 %), leaf yield was 4.5 and 4.7 t/ha, the content of raw protein in the dry matter of plants – 17.10 and 17.3 %. The profitability of cultivation for seeds was 61.8 % and 42.2 %, while the lowest cost of harvesting for green mass was observed (462.6 and 452.1 rub.). Scientific novelty. For the North-Western and Central regions of the Russian Federation, models of varieties have been developed that differ in a complex of economically valuable features and properties.
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IVANOVA, Alina, Mikhail Novoselov, and Natal'ya Razgulyaeva. "NEW VARIETY OF CREEPING CLOVER 'RITM'." Adaptive Fodder Production 2023, no. 4 (2023): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2023-4-24-30.
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The article presents a description of a new variety of creeping clover 'Ritm'. The variety is recommended for lawn and pasture use. A creeping bush. The foliage is 80%. The yield of green mass is 34.7 t/ha. The yield of dry matter is 8 t/ha. The crude protein content is 24%. The seed yield is 1.6 centner/ha. A distinctive feature of the variety is its abundant flowering (up to 860 pcs/m2 heads) and early maturity. The period from the beginning of spring vegetation to full ripeness of seeds is 110–115 days, from the first mowing to full ripeness of seeds from — 50 to 65 days. The variety has a high winter hardiness. When evaluated in the field of infectious backgrounds, the 'Ritm' variety showed complex resistance to cancer and Fusarium.
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ASHOK KUMAR, P.C. SHARMA, and LALITA BATRA. "Comparative performance of sole and intercrop of oat (Avena sativa) and Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum) under alkali water irrigation." Indian Journal of Agronomy 51, no. 2 (2001): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v51i2.4986.
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A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons 2002-03 and 2003-04 to study the perfor- mance of sole and intercrop of oat (Avena sativa L.) and Persian clover or shaftal (Trifolium resupinatum L.) un- der alkali water irrigation. Application of gypsum 2 tonnestha significantly enhanced the green forage yield in all the cuts and total yield over no-gypsum treatment. Sole crop of Persian clover (95.7 tonnestha) gave significantly higher total green forage yield than oat (45.4 tonnestha). The yield of Persian clover was significantly improved in the first cut when grown in association with oat at different ratios. Higher green forage yield per day was ob- tained when oat was harvested for 1 cut only at 75 days than Persian clover and its mixtures. Application of gyp- sum improved the crude protein and calcium content of crops. Persian clover alone showed significantly higher concentration of N (crude protein), Na, Ca, Mg and P, while in oat only the K concentration was higher. Further, there was significant increase in the K content and decrease in Na content of Persian clover when grown in as- sociation with oat in different ratios.
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DIEZ, DE VELASCO Francisco. "Comentarios iconográficos y mitológicos al poema épico Miníada." Gerion 8, no. 1 (1990): 73–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3816808.
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Using an approach of mythological and iconographic analysis to the Greek epic poem Mynyas, the author concludes that, on the one hand, it is not one of the catabases of Orpheus and, on the other hand, that the mythical characters known by the fragments and the conserved records allow us to propose a close relationship between the Work and the Boeotian territory. The date of the poem, for these same causes, seems to be closer to the classical period.
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Blagopoluchnaya, О. A., and N. I. Devterova. "Influence of mineral nutrition on the productivity of perennial legumes." New Technologies, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.47370/2072-0920-2020-15-4-98-102.
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The results of the studies of different doses of dressings on the yield and nutritional value of green mass of clover for two years use are presented. The experiment was carried out in April 2017 on No. 3 scientific field of the FSBSI «Adyghе Research Institute of Agriculture using B.A. Dospekhov’s method. The experiment was repeated 4 times, the arrangement of repetitions and variants was systematic. The object of the research was Abadzekhsky local red clover variety. In the research a moldboard method of tillage was used to a depth of 20–22 cm. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the maximum yield of green mass of clover, both I and II, was obtained in the variant with an increased background of mineral nutrition and amounted to 15,1 t/ha; 25,1 t/ha. The yield of clover hay in the first and second years of life with the application of the highest dose of nitrogen fertilizers (N45) was 4,8 t/ha and 7,2 t/ha. Complete zootechnical analysis of the nutritional value of the green mass of red clover I g. showed that 1 kg of dry feed contained 0,75–0,80 g/kg of feed units. The provision of digestible protein in the green mass of clover increased with an increase in the background of mineral nutrition 77,7–98,8 g/kg. The content of metabolizable energy in 1 kg of dry food was 8,7–9,3 MJ. The fodder value of green mass of clover of II y. showed that the content of digestible protein varied in the options within 74,0–94,1 g. The content of feed units in 1 kg of dry feed was 0,75–0,86 g, metabolic energy 9,6–10,3 mJ. The content of digestible protein, feed units and metabolizable energy on these variants corresponded to the I and II class of feed.
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Petković, Borislav, Vesna Milić, Ilija Komljenović, Vojo Radić, Novo Pržulj, and Darko Aćimović. "Productivity of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) on acidic soil." AgroReS 13 (May 15, 2024): 105–12. https://doi.org/10.7251/zars2401105p.
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Red clover is an important forage plant species for the production of fodder, primarily in mountain areas and soils of poorer quality. Low pH reaction of the soil and poor supply of phosphorus are limiting factors for the cultivation of most plant species on soils with such chemical characteristics. The aim of these investigations was to determine the productivity and variation in the height of the plant, the yield of green mass and the yield of hay of red clover grown on acidic soil, in order to find out which varieties give the highest yields of green mass and hay, and for the purpose of their greater use in production. The research was carried out by analyzing five varieties of red clover in two cuts in each of the two years in the BDS area of the city of Banja Luka. A large part of the soil of Republic of Srpska has an acidic reaction and also mostly has a low level of phosphorus. The selection of the best varieties of red clover for production on such soils will enable obtaining satisfactory forage yields. For the examined parameters, statistically significant differences were obtained between swaths and varieties. The highest average values of plant height, yield of green mass and hay were obtained in the first cutting of the second year. The lowest average yields were achieved by the variety Viola. The highest average height was of the variety Una, the highest yield of green mass was of the variety K-39, and the hay of variety Kolubara. Based on the obtained results, varieties K-39, Kolubara and Una can be recommended for growing on acidic soil.
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Zamyatin, S. A., A. Yu Efimova, and S. A. Maksutkin. "The influence of field crop rotations on the accumulation of crop-root residues in the arable layer of sod-podzolic soil." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 20, no. 6 (2019): 594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2019.20.6.594-601.
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The aim of the research is to take a comparative assessment of the amount of plowed down plant residues in various field crop rotations in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El. The study was carried out in 2013-2018 on a stationary site in a two-factor experiment. Factor A ‒ types of crop rotations and shift of crops: 1. Grain and grass crop rotation (oats + clover, clover of the 1st year of use (y.u.) for green mass, winter rye, vetch and oat mixture for grain, spring wheat, barley. 2. I fruit-changing crop rotation (vetch and oat mix for green fodder, winter rye, barley, potato, vetch and oat mixture for grain, spring wheat). 3. II fruit-changing crop rotation (vetch and oat mixture for grain, spring wheat, potato with manure (80 t/ha), barley + clover, clover of the 1st year of use for green mass, winter rye). 4. III fruit-changing crop rotation (barley + clover, clover of the 1st year of use for green mass, clover of the 2nd year of use for green mass, winter rye, potato, oats). Factor B ‒ mineral fertilizers: 1. Without fertilizers. 2. N60P60K60. In the control grain and grass crop rotation with a oneyear use of clover, 3.02±0.06 t/ha of crop-root residues were received per year on the average. In the I fruit-changing crop rotation, due to the replacement of clover with potato, residues formed 2.14±0.04 t/ha, which was significantly less than the control variant (LSD05 in factor А ‒ 0.21). In the II fruit-changing crop rotation, the accumulation of crop-root residues amounted to 2.91±0.07 t/ha. Compared to the control, it was within the limits of experimental error. The largest number of crop-root residues was accumulated in the III fruit-changing crop rotation (3.37±0.07 t/ha). The use of mineral fertilizers significantly increased the bulk of crop-root residues in all crop rotations by 0.16 t/ha per year on the average (LSD05 in factor B ‒ 0.15). Carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) in the crop-root residues of clover and potato was 18…20, in the vetch-oat mixture it was 25…31, in spring grain crops it was 39…41, and in winter rye it was 53.
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Lekal, Jecklyn A., and Theopilus Watuguly. "ANALISIS KANDUNGAN FLAVONOID PADA TEH BENALU (Dendropohtoe pentandra (L.) Miq.)." BIOPENDIX: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan 3, no. 2 (2017): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/biopendixvol3issue2page154-158.
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Background: Benalu is one of the plant species that lives attached to other plants. The parasite is hemiparasit or half parasitic because it has a green leaf substance (chlorophyll) used for the assimilation process and only sucks water and organic matter from its host plant. Flavonoids are phenol compounds commonly found in vascular plants including parasites. Flavonoids are useful for protecting cell structures, increasing the effectiveness of vitamin C, anti-inflammation, preventing bone loss and as an antibiotic.
 Method: Total flavonoid content in clove parasite tea using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer method.
 Results: Total flavonoid in tea clove parasite was 0.2819%. Flavonoids found in tea parasite cloves are low with the presence of heating and temperature factors.
 Conclusion: Based on the quantitative test, leaf parasite is the highest flavonoid level of 13.702% and after being made tea, flavonoid levels changed to 0.281%.
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Sallı, Ayşegül. "Role of motivation and attitude: Learning Turkish and Greek in Cyprus." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 4 (2017): 831–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006917703456.
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Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: After years of conflict, struggle and separation, the partial opening of the Green Line that divides Cyprus made mutual transitions and contact between the Turkish and Greek Cypriots possible. Soon after, Greek and Turkish language courses started to attract interest and gained popularity. This study aims to identify the motivations that led both community members to learn the language of ‘the other community’ and discover their attitudes towards each other and the target language. Design/Methodology/Approach: A questionnaire that includes motivation and attitude scales and subscales on a five-point Likert-type scale was prepared both in Turkish and English. It was distributed to the Turkish and Greek Cypriots who were attending evening classes at that time. The study employed a quantitative approach. Data and Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 18 statistical package. Frequency analysis and independent samples t-tests were applied. Results/Conclusions: Both community members have intrinsic motivation to continue the language classes. The participants express their enjoyment of the feeling of accomplishment that comes with learning to speak another language successfully in this regard. The Greek Cypriots are driven by their integrative motivation as they illustrate their wish to feel closer to the Turkish Cypriots and communicate with them. In terms of language attitudes, the Turkish Cypriots tend to exhibit more positive attitudes, mostly due to economic reasons. However, the fact that the Greek Cypriots do not cross the border seems to reveal their negative attitudes towards the Turkish Cypriots. Overall, the members of both communities are hesitant to express their opinions about each other. Originality and Significance/Implications: This study provides the evidence that despite having a cautious stance towards the other community, various motivational factors encourage Turkish and Greek Cypriots to take language classes. The study emphasizes that more steps should be taken both at social and political levels to bring the members of the two Cypriot communities closer, to enable language contact, and to smooth out the sceptic attitudes about each other.
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Båth, Birgitta, and Sara Elfstrand. "Use of Red Clover-Based Green Manure in Leek Cultivation." Biological Agriculture & Horticulture 25, no. 3 (2008): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2008.9755053.
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Lauringson, Enn, Liina Talgre, and Arvo Makke. "Large-Leaved Lupin (Lupinus polyhyllus Lind.) and Early Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) as Green Manure Grops." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, no. 3 (2013): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0042.
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Trials with large-leaved lupine (‘Lupi’) and early red clover (‘Jõgeva 433’) as green manure were carried out to study their suitability for green manure production. The trials were carried out on the trial fields of the Estonian University of Life Sciences in 2008-2010. Biomass production abilities of various plants grown with or without a cover crop were examined. In the experiment, different green manure crops with undersowing and pure sowing were compared for amounts of N, C, P, K and organic matter driven into soil and their effect on cereal yield. The value of these green manure crops as manure was estimated, based on their effect on the succeeding cereal yield. From green manure plants, sown with cover crops, red clover gave the best results, while large-leaved lupine was better grown as pure crop (18% more biomass than red clover in similar situation). Biomass from large-leaved lupine, grown without cover crop, was also the most efficient in returning nutrients into the soil. Pure green manure had bigger effect and it lasted longer if grown as undersowing.
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Łabuda, Piotr. "Septuaginta – pragnienie poznania Biblii." Tarnowskie Studia Teologiczne 35, no. 1 (2016): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/tst.1721.
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The Septuagint which contains texts not presented in the Hebrew Bible is at the same time its formal and ancient translation. It is not just an interpretation either. It is not meant only for the ancient societies, but should be treated as a valuable Text by contemporary people as well. The Book was created as a result of the need to learn the Bible. The Septuagint made the texts of the Hebrew Bible accessible for both the Jews and the Greeks. The Greek Bible became useful for literary, legal and synagogical purposes. Undeniably it helped people get closer to the mystery of Jesus Christ.
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Kaur, Manjeet, Ashlesha Atri, and Daljeet Singh. "Non-chemical management of stem rot disease of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)." Range Management and Agroforestry 44, no. 02 (2023): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i2.12.
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Stem rot of Egyptian clover ( L.) is considered as one of the major constraints for green Trifolium alexandrinumfodder and seed yield. Berseem stem rot is incited by a soil borne pathogen . Botanical Sclerotinia sclerotiorumextracts of , , , neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) and organic Aegle marmelos Melia azedarach Murraya koenigiiproducts like panchagavya, compost tea and poultry manure were evaluated for the management of stem rot disease. Botanical extracts were applied as foliar spray and seed treatment as well and organic inputs were applied as soil application and foliar spray. Among botanicals, application of showed a significant A. marmelosreduction in stem rot by 54.50% with 24.20% increase in green fodder yield. Among organic inputs, application of panchagavya significantly controlled the stem rot disease by 46.15% and enhanced the green fodder yield by 21.30% than untreated control. Application of panchagavya followed by leaf extracts along A. marmeloswith significant disease control also enhanced green fodder yield during both seasons. Average disease control attained by application of panchagavya and was 54.50 and 46.15% and enhanced green A. marmelos fodder yield was 24.20 and 21.30%, respectively. The current study showed that plant extracts and organic inputs have potential for the management of stem rot of berseem.
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R Pelealu, Rian Virvian Hidayat, Eny Widajati, and Faiza C. Suwarno. "Effect of Physiological Maturity and Germinating Media on Zanzibar Clove Seeds Viability." Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 30, no. 2 (2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bullittro.v30n2.2019.81-89.
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<em>Low seeds quality of the clove tree may attribute to the low national productivity of cloves in Indonesia. The study aimed to determine the level of physiological fruit maturity and the effect of germination media on the viability of clove seeds. The study was performed at the Leuwikopo Seeds Storage and Quality Testing Laboratory and Leuwikopo Research Installation, Bogor, in October 2017 to December 2018. The material used was the Zanzibar clove seeds from ≥ 10 years old trees. The clove seeds obtained from a farmer’s plantation in Tolitoli District, Central Sulawesi. The study arranged in a split-plot design, with four replications, with the main plot was four levels of seed viability based on fruit colors: reddish-green, pink, red, and dark red. The subplots were three types of germination media, namely sand, cocopeat, and zeolite. Thus, there were twelve treatments. Each plot consisted of 40 seeds for germination test and five seeds for water content determination. The results showed that the percentage of clove seeds viability negatively influenced by the level of fruit maturity based on the color of the fruit but was affected by the germination media. Good physiological quality of clove seeds characterized by dry seed weight of 2.70 g, 100 % germination rate, vigor index of <em>73.75 %, and growth rate of 1.19 % etmal<sup>-1</sup>. Among the three types of germination media tested (sand, cocopeat, and zeolite), sand was the best germination media for clove seeds. Hence it is recommended to seeds producer.</em></em>
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Ivenin, A. V., A. P. Sakov, Yu A. Bogomolovа, T. S. Вuzynina, and V. V. Ivenin. "The effect of mineral fertilizers and long-term aftereffect of liming on the biological properties of light gray forest soil and the yield of meadow clover 1g .p. in the conditions of the South-East of the Volga-Vyatka region." Agrarian science, no. 7-8 (September 24, 2021): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-351-7-8-119-122.
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The article deals with the influence of mineral fertilizers and the long-term aftereffect of liming on the biological properties of light gray forest soil and the yield of meadow clover 1 g.p. in the conditions of the South-East of the Volga-Vyatka region. The biological properties of light gray forest soil in 2020 were more influenced by the weather conditions of the pink clover vegetation and the culture itself than by the studied aftereffects of lime material and various doses of its mineral nutrition. The biological activity of the soil was in the range of 16.3–30.4%. The intensity of soil respiration was very weak and was in the range of 1.53–3.4 mg of CO2/10g for 24 hours. The average yield of the green mass of clover 1 g.p. (in terms of absolutely dry matter) was in the range of 30.4–33.2 t/ha (NSR05 by factor B-6.3) and did not depend on the aftereffect of the studied lime doses. The use of N45P120K180 doses of mineral fertilizers increases the average yield of pink clover 1 g.p. compared with the natural fertility of light gray forest soil and the variants of using N15P40K60 doses up to 37.9 t/ ha, which is by11.9 and 8.6 t/ha respectively higher than these variants (NSR05 for factor A-5.2). An increase was also obtained from the use of N30P80K120 doses of mineral fertilizers compared to the cultivation of clover according to natural soil fertility — by7.4 t/ha (NSR05 according to factor A-5.2).I n general, for 42 years of studying the aftereffect of liming it was shown, that by 2020 liming does not affect the biological properties of light gray forest soil and the yield of 1 g.p. clove according to all the studied doses of its use in the conditions of the South-East of the Volga-Vyatka region. The soil needs repeating of reclamation works.
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Toleikiene, Monika, Ausra Arlauskiene, Skaidre Suproniene, Lina Sarunaite, Gabriele Capaite, and Zydre Kadziuliene. "Processing of Legume Green Manures Slowdowns C Release, Reduces N Losses and Increases N Synchronisation Index for Two Years." Sustainability 16, no. 5 (2024): 2152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16052152.
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The number of livestock farms decreased by 40% in Europe over the last 10-year period. Stockless organic cropping systems started to dominate in many intensive agricultural regions in Europe. Developing the sustainable management of an organic stockless agroecosystem is related to guaranteeing self-sufficiency in nitrogen (N) supply, maintaining high grain yields, and promoting carbon (C) sequestration in the soil. The aim of this study was to investigate if the processed legume green manures can be an alternative to granulated cattle manure and direct ploughing of legume biomass in order to develop the sustainability of the stockless organic cropping system. The decomposition rate and C and N release were observed for green manures made of fermented red clover and composted red clover with wheat straw. Fresh red clover biomass and granulated cattle manure were used for the comparison. Results of the 3-year field experiment showed that technologically processed legume biomass had a positive effect on the productivity of crops at least two years in rotation. Fermented red clover and red clover compost increased N use efficiency by 15% and biomass output efficiency by 16% compared with fresh red clover biomass. Processed legume green manures significantly increased the synchronisation index between crop N demand and N supply. In autumn, incorporated fresh red clover biomass lost 65.6% of its initial C and 37.6 kg ha−1 (50.1%) of its initial N under decomposition in the first non-growing season. It also increased mineral N losses deeper into the subsoil by 52.7%. Meanwhile, fermented red clover and red clover compost released 43% of its N during the first crop growing season, sustained at least one year slower C release to the soil, promoted ecosystem productivity, prevented mineral N losses to subsoil and gained high N synchrony indexes. The best N synchrony was achieved using fermented red clover, with a higher decomposition rate positively significantly correlated (r = 0.47–0.78, p < 0.05) with grain yield, total biomass, protein content and total N accumulated in the plant of spring wheat and spring barley.
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Gebrina, Amanda Dwi, Hendrawan Laksono, Maya Soraya, et al. "Green Packaging: Carrageenan with Clove Oil Nanoencapsulation." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 14, no. 2 (2024): 792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.14.2.19383.
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The global urgency surrounding plastic waste-induced pollution has ignited significant interest in the biodegradable packaging sector, leading to a dynamic and expanding realm of biodegradable research. Nonetheless, effectively incorporating active agents into packaging materials faces hurdles related to stability and durability. This study takes a momentous leap in this context by shedding light on the transformative potential of integrating clove oil in macro and nanoencapsulation forms into carrageenan-glycerol matrices. A highlight emerges in the remarkable enhancement achieved through nanoencapsulation—a technique that substantially bolsters packaging performance. This improvement is evident in a noteworthy reduction of water vapor transmission, plummeting from an initial 11.011 to merely 6.903 g.mm m-2 d-1. This nearly fifty percent reduction underscores the efficacy of nanoencapsulation in enhancing packaging attributes. Concurrently, the study delves into the nuances of the carrageenan-clove oil composition, unveiling its profound influence on packaging strength, by systematically increasing the carrageenan-clove oil ratio, packaging strength triples, soaring from an initial 0.421 to an impressive 1.434 N/mm. Concerns of heightened brittleness due to increased carrageenan content are firmly dispelled, substantiated by consistent tensile stress values. In summary, this comprehensive investigation advances the core attributes of biodegradable packaging and presents a strategic and adept approach to address the intricate sustainability issues. Through adept manipulation of clove oil integration, the study pioneers the evolution of biodegradable packaging materials, paving the way for a more sustainable and environmentally conscious future.
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Evans, J., G. M. Murray, G. Scott, et al. "Impact of annual legume 'break' crops on the yield and quality of canola in comparison with the impact on yield of wheat." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 11 (2006): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05203.
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This study investigated the yield, oil and protein content of canola in response to alternative single-season legume crops, and compared the yield response with that of wheat. Two field trials were conducted in consecutive years at Wagga Wagga on the South West Slopes of New South Wales. The soil type was Red Kandasol. The legume treatments were field pea and vetch managed for silage production, vetch managed for green manure, a mixture of aerial seeding clovers (Berseem, Arrowleaf, Persian: 6 : 3 : 3) managed for silage, hay or green manure, and field pea and narrow-leaf lupin managed for grain. There was one wheat treatment managed for grain. In terms of growing season rainfall, the rainfall-use efficiency of canola was low and similar to that achieved on farms (5.1 kg/ha.mm rainfall). Yields of canola were less than potential water-limited yields and the canola equivalent wheat yields were less than comparative wheat yields. The constraint(s) on canola yield meant that nitrogen-limited yield potential was not reached, and in contrast to wheat in adjacent plots, there was no relationship between canola seed yield and soil mineral nitrogen available during seedling establishment of canola. However, relative to other legume treatments, antecedent crops of the clover mix depressed yield and total oil content, particularly in one year. It was concluded that under field conditions that constrained canola productivity to that similar to on-farm productivity, wheat may make more efficient use of legume nitrogen than canola. Were canola to be used as the response crop, antecedent legumes of vetch or pea, rather than aerial seeding clover, would give higher potential yield and total oil content of the canola.
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Gasiev, Vadim Irbekovich, and Gerasim Viktorovich Lushchenko. "ARTIFICIAL CROSSES AND THE MANIFESTATION OF HETEROSIS IN INTERSORT HYBRIDS OF RED CLOVER." SCIENTIFIC LIFE 19, no. 4 (2024): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2024-19-4-613-618.
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The paper presents the results of research on artificial crossing of red clover, an assessment of hybrids of the first generation of red clover according to a complex of economically valuable features for creating varieties of hay-pasture type. The basis for the study were promising plants in the selection of parent forms, which were sown in a wide range and individually in a row. During the budding period – the beginning of flowering, accounting for economically valuable signs was carried out, cutting plants at a height of 10-12 cm. In the studied clover hybrids, such indicators as leafiness, head seeding, protein content, winter hardiness and yield of green mass and hay were taken into account. Evaluation of the productivity of the studied hybrids of red clover, which was determined by the calculation method based on the mass of seeds from one plant. The assessment of collection samples of red clover according to the complex of economically valuable features for the creation of hay-pasture-type varieties is given. The best samples were selected for the yield of green mass, hay, protein content, and plant height. The initial material was obtained according to the characteristics of adaptability, yield of green mass, foliage and seed productivity. Promising clover samples were selected for high seed productivity, reaching more than 60%. Based on the hybridization of the best genotypes, first-generation hybrids were formed for further breeding work. The evaluation of F1 hybrids based on economic and biological characteristics showed that many of them surpassed the best parental forms. Especially high heterosis in hybrids was observed in terms of green mass, hay, and protein content. Depression was observed more often due to the contamination of the heads. Given the high yield of the feed mass, their winter hardiness, these hybrids should be considered promising.
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Ambrušec, Ljubica, Ranko Gantner, Goran Herman, Vesna Gantner, Krešimir Bošnjak, and Gordana Bukvić. "Green manuring with crimson clover as an alternative to mineral fertilization in maize production." Holistic approach to environment 11, no. 4 (2021): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33765/thate.11.4.1.
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Role of mineral fertilizers is to complement the soils’ indigenous supply of minerals for crop plants nutrition. Among the mineral nutrients, nitrogen is generally considered as the most yield-contributing. Obtaining nitrogen from legumes is potentially more sustainable than from industrial sources. Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) has long been appreciated as cover crop grown for green manuring due to its capability for binding the atmospheric nitrogen into plant-available form. Green manuring effects of crimson clover for succeeding maize crop were tested in 2019 year on two locations of Northeastern Croatia differing in soil texture: 1) on the site A where the soil was compact and dominated by clay and 2) on the site B where the soil was loose and dominated by loam. The research was conducted in a year with favourable rainfall during maize vegetation. Results have shown that green manuring with crimson clover for maize as the main crop delivered somewhat lower maize grain and aboveground mass yields than the conventional full-dose mineral fertilization on deep fertile soils around Osijek (Northeastern Croatia). When compared to conventional agronomy, green manuring was associated with additional agrotechnical operations required for crimson clover cover crop establishment and its herbage incorporation into soil prior to seeding main maize crop. Research should be continued in more different environments (year × location combinations) in order to produce reliable evaluation of crimson clover’s green manuring services.
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Shatokhin, Alexander A,, Omari G. Chamurliev, Alexander V. Zelenev, Georgy O. Chamurliev, and Elena S. Vorontsova. "Field crop rotations in organic agriculture of the Volgograd region." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700152.
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Soil fertility in biologized crop rotations depends on the saturation of them with legumes and sideral crops, perennial grasses, the involvement of grain crops in the organic matter cycle. The crop rotation was studied: 1) four-field grain and steam: clean steam winter wheat chickpeas spring barley (control); 2) five-field grain and steam: occupied steam (clover green manure) winter wheat chickpeas spring barley mustard + clover; 3) seven-field grain and grass: occupied steam (green manure oats) winter wheat mustard chickpeas safflower dyeing spring barley sainfoin (hatcher field); 4) semi-field grass and grassland: occupied steam (phacelia green manure) winter wheat spring wheat chickpeas grain sorghum spring barley alfalfa (hatchery field). The highest balance of organic matter was ensured in a five-field grain-steam crop rotation with clover for green manure +1.92 t/ha, in this crop rotation the highest balance was observed for nitrogen +23.8 kg/ha and phosphorus +1.3 kg/ha, grain harvest from 1 ha of arable land 0.51 t/ha. The greatest balance of potassium was ensured in the seven-field grain and grass-crop rotation with facet on green manure +8.8 kg/ha. The highest humus balance was observed in a seven-field grain-grass-crop rotation with oats per green manure +0.12 t/ha.
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Karkason, Tamir. "Reflections on Jews and Christians between the Late Ottoman State and the Republic of Turkey." Jewish Quarterly Review 114, no. 4 (2024): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jqr.2024.a944932.
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Abstract: This essay offers a framework for understanding the change that occurred in the contacts between Jews and Christians between the latter decades of the Ottoman Empire and the early decades of the Turkish nation-state. Through analysis of a legal translation from Ottoman Turkish into Ladino from the early 1880s and a journal article in Ladino on a shared Jewish-Greek sports activity in the late 1940s, it shows how Jewish elites perceived Greeks and Armenians as role models because of their strong integration in Ottoman state and society and, later,the power of the local Christians became closer to that of the Jews, expanding. the possibilities for cooperation between the two minorities.
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Bjarnholt, Nanna, Mette Laegdsmand, Hans C. B. Hansen, Ole H. Jacobsen, and Birger Lindberg Møller. "Leaching of cyanogenic glucosides and cyanide from white clover green manure." Chemosphere 72, no. 6 (2008): 897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.047.
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Funderburk, Sharon R., and Wanda W. Collins. "EFFECT OF A CRIMSON CLOVER GREEN MANURE ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SWEET POTATO." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1157f—1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1157f.
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Crimson clover Trifolium incarnatum L.) was used as a N source for sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. Treatments were designed to compare estimated N delivery by clover incorporation amounts of N delivered by inorganic fertilizer. Plants were sampled every 14 days and sectioned into four parts: shoots, stem tips, fibrous and storage roots. Dry matter content was significantly influenced by time. Total plant dry matter was lowest in the highest inorganic N treatment. Nitrogen concentration (DWB) decreased over time and was highest in the highest inorganic N treatment. Similar vine weights were noted in N and clover treatments while number of storage roots per plant was unaffected by treatment as was weight per storage root, which increased linearly over time. No significant difference existed between the high and low N application treatment or late clover incorporation treatment in any grade of storage roots except culls, which were 90% lower in clover treatments than in N fertilizer treatments.