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Journal articles on the topic 'Greek Fortification'

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1

Fachard, Sylvian. "A decade of research on Greek fortifications." Archaeological Reports 62 (November 2016): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608416000077.

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The Chronique des fouilles en ligne – Archaeology in Greece Online has recorded close to 300 field operations dealing with fortifications in the last decade. It is impossible to account for each of them in this brief survey, but the reader can effortlessly find them in the database (http://chronique.efa.gr/). Here, instead, I wish to focus on the main achievements of the last decade (2006–2016) by reviewing the major publications, recording current trends and research objectives, and suggesting future directions for the field of fortification studies.
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Bonacini, Elisa, and Alessandra Castorina. "The Storytelling of a Greek Fortification." International Journal of Computational Methods in Heritage Science 1, no. 2 (2017): 74–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcmhs.2017070105.

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Dating back to the late 5th century BC, Euryalos Castle, located near the modern town of Syracuse and connected to the ancient Dionysian walls, is the most important example of a Greek fortress in the Western world. Thanks to European funding, the Superintendence of Syracuse has developed a multimedia project for a digital enhancement of the site and a traditional museological project for the setting up of a little Antiquarium for archaeological objects, only recently opened. After a brief introduction on the history of Euryalos Castle, aim of this paper is to explain the multimedia project co
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Polyakov, Е. N., and M. I. Korzh. "FORMATION OF FORTIFICATION ART IN ANCIENT EAST COUNTRIES." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 21, no. 4 (2019): 94–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-4-94-124.

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The article presents a comparative analysis of fortification art monuments in such East countries from Ancient Egypt to medieval China. An attempt is made to identify the main stages of the fortification development from a stand-alone fortress (citadel, fort) to the most complex systems of urban and border fortifications, including moats, walls and gates, battle towers. It is shown that the nature of these architectural structures is determined by the status of the city or settlement, its natural landscape, building structures and materials, the development of military and engineering art. The
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Olaru, Ioana-Iulia. "The Evolution of Habitat in Middle Hallstatt on The Territory of Romania." Review of Artistic Education 18, no. 1 (2019): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rae-2019-0023.

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Abstract The paper will refer only to one of period of Hallstatt, Middle Hallstatt, an important period of the first Iron Age – that form with Late Hallstatt a unity called by historian the protohistory of the Dacians – bringing important transformations recorded in the human beings’ habitat. The settlements and buildings of the entire Bronze Age reflect the continuation of migrations, though limited, by their sedentarization, but also the fortification of some settlements which became real centres of unions of tribes. The characteristic to the mentioned period is continuity (and then the endi
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Venugopal, Harini, and Arunkumar H. "Effect of Horse Gram Fortification on the Sensory and Functional Properties of Greek Yoghurt." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 17, no. 3 (2025): 188–94. https://doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2025/v17i31660.

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This study aimed to develop a functional Greek yogurt fortified with horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) and evaluate its sensory and functional properties. Greek yogurt was prepared using fresh cow milk, heated to 90°C for 5 minutes, followed by inoculation with 0.30% freeze-dried DVS yogurt culture and incubation at 45°C for 4 hours. After de-wheying, horse gram flour was incorporated at 2%, 4%, and 6% levels. Sensory analysis was conducted using a 9-point hedonic scale by a trained panel (n=6). Results showed that the sample fortified with 4% horse gram had the highest overall acceptability
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Demakopoulou, Katie, Nicoletta Divari-Valakou, Monica Nilsson, and Ann-Louise Schallin. "Excavations in Midea 2007." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 2 (November 2009): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-02-02.

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Excavations in Midea continued in 2007 as a Greek-Swedish programme under the direction of Dr Katie Demakopoulou in collaboration with Dr Ann-Louise Schallin. In the West Gate area excavation continued in the west part of the building complex that abuts the fortification wall. Room XIV was excavated with abundant remains of LH IIIB2 pottery. A sealstone with a unique, possibly ritual, scene was also found. On the lower west terrace of the acropolis excavation continued in Trench C, where a large section of the fortification wall was uncovered. Room I was excavated here, adjacent to the inner f
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Mazza, Alba. "Waterscape and Floods Management of Greek Selinus: The Cottone River Valley." Open Archaeology 7, no. 1 (2021): 1066–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0172.

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Abstract This paper investigates water bodies in the Greek colony of Selinus, Western Sicily-Italy. It focuses especially on one of the two rivers of the city: the Cottone. The investigative strategy adopted in this study consists of an interdisciplinary approach based on the analysis of archaeological evidence, Earth Sciences data, and the study of historical cartography. Results indicate that the Cottone River was not a swampy and unhealthy intermittent stream as it was believed so far; it was instead a fully functional water body featuring an active floodplain. Most importantly, research pr
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Demakopoulou, Katie, Nicoletta Divari-Valakou, Monica Nilsson, Ann-Louise Schallin, and Kalliopi Nikita. "Excavations in Midea 2006." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 1 (November 2008): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-01-02.

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Excavations in Midea continued in 2006 as a Greek-Swedish programme under the direction of Dr. Katie Demakopoulou in collaboration with Dr. Ann-Louise Schallin. In the Upper Acropolis remains of an Early Helladic II defensive system were uncovered. East of this and at a lower level, a floor deposit was excavated with abundant pottery of Early Helladic I date including typical examples of the Talioti Ware. In the West Gate area excavation continued in the west part of the building complex adjacent to the fortification wall. Abundant Late helladic IIIB2 pottery was recovered from the exploration
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Mège, Frédéric, and Eleonora Delpozzo. "The Ditch and the House. Megara Hyblaia by the early 7th c. BC." Open Research Europe 5 (July 14, 2025): 184. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.20518.1.

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Background Megara Hyblaia, a Greek colony founded in the third quarter of the 8th century BC on Sicily’s eastern coast, exemplifies early Western Greek urbanism. The city flourished until 483 BC, when it was depopulated by Gelo of Syracuse. By the early 7th century BC—about two generations after its foundation—Megara had likely reached its maximum intramural size of approximately 60 hectares. This study focuses on that formative phase to evaluate whether the community possessed the resources to undertake two key construction projects: the first city fortification and residential expansion. Met
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Uduwerella, Gangani, Jayani Chandrapala, and Todor Vasiljevic. "Minimising generation of acid whey during Greek yoghurt manufacturing." Journal of Dairy Research 84, no. 3 (2017): 346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029917000279.

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Greek yoghurt, a popular dairy product, generates large amounts of acid whey as a by-product during manufacturing. Post-processing treatment of this stream presents one of the main concerns for the industry. The objective of this study was to manipulate initial milk total solids content (15, 20 or 23 g/100 g) by addition of milk protein concentrate, thus reducing whey expulsion. Such an adjustment was investigated from the technological standpoint including starter culture performance, chemical and physical properties of manufactured Greek yoghurt and generated acid whey. A comparison was made
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HENKELMAN, WOUTER F. M. "OF TAPYROI AND TABLETS, STATES AND TRIBES: THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF PASTORALISM IN THE ACHAEMENID HEARTLAND IN GREEK AND ELAMITE SOURCES." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 54, no. 2 (2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.2011.00020.x.

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Abstract The Persian tribe of the Tapyroi appears to be at home in the Caspian region according to the classical sources, except for one passage in Arrian's Anabasis. The Elamite texts from the Persepolis Fortification archive now add more information on this second group of Tapyroi. More important, these sources allow for a new contextualization of classical accounts on the tribes of Achaemenid Iran and yield a more complete image of their status within, and interaction with, the state.
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Chatzistavridi, Melina Maria, Stefania Christofi, and Stamatina Kallithraka. "Fortification of White Wines with Antioxidants and Se: Impacts on Browning Development and Phenolic Content." Beverages 10, no. 2 (2024): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages10020031.

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The present study explores the efficiency of selenomethionine (Semeth), an organic form of Se, as an antioxidant compared with commonly used antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione, and potassium metabisulfite) in preventing oxidative browning in Greek white wines (Malagouzia and Retsina). The experimental procedure involved an accelerated browning test conducted over 12 days at 55 °C, measurement of antioxidant activity values (using the Folin—Ciocalteau and the free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods), determination of free sulfhydryl groups using the Ellman’s method, and High-Pe
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Bahadori, Ali. "Archaeological Evidence for Persian Elites in the Fifth Century B.C." Iran and the Caucasus 24, no. 4 (2020): 358–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20200403.

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An analysis of a group of the administrative texts from the Persepolis Fortification Archive gives the impression that the Fahliyān region in northwestern Fārs was probably the heart of the territory in which the Patischorian tribe and Gobryas family were centered in the Achaemenid period. This article attempts to examine hypothetically the connection between archaeological remains discovered in the Fahliyān region with the Patischorian tribe. Above all, the monumental building excavated in Jenjān and the well-known rockcut tomb of Dā-u Dokhtar might have been a tribal seat and a tomb of Gobry
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Houssard, Catherine, Dominique Maxime, Scott Benoit, Yves Pouliot, and Manuele Margni. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Five Greek Yogurt Production Systems: A Perspective beyond the Plant Boundaries." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (2020): 9141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219141.

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Greek yogurt (GY), a high-protein-low-fat dairy product, particularly prized for its sensory and nutritional benefits, revolutionized the North American yogurt market in less than a decade, bringing with it new sustainability challenges. Standard GY production generates large volumes of acid whey, a co-product that is a potential source of environmental pollution if not recovered. This study aims to assess the environmental performance of different technologies and identify the main factors to improve GY production. A complete life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to compare the standard t
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Bosnea, Loulouda, Antonia Terpou, Eleni Pappa, et al. "Incorporation of Spirulina platensis on Traditional Greek Soft Cheese with Respect to Its Nutritional and Sensory Perspectives." Proceedings 70, no. 1 (2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods_2020-07600.

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Spirulina platensis, the most popular microalgae species known for its high protein content and bioactive compounds such as phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, has been studied for cheese fortification. Incorporation of spirulina in dairy products poses major sensorial challenges due to its characteristic odor and its insolubility in food formulation, thus limiting consumer acceptance. The main objective was the production of a novel spread cheese fortified with spirulina, so powdered spirulina was added at different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1%), and the effect on physicochemical, microbiol
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da Silva, Agatha Transfeld, Jair José de Lima, Priscila Reis, et al. "Application of Lactose-Free Whey Protein to Greek Yogurts: Potential Health Benefits and Impact on Rheological Aspects and Sensory Attributes." Foods 11, no. 23 (2022): 3861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11233861.

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The application of β-galactosidase in the fermentation of milk enables the acquirement of lower levels of lactose that are tolerated by lactose maldigesters and can reduce the nutritional consequences of avoiding dairy products. The present study evaluated the viability of the fortification of lactose-free prebiotic Greek yogurt formulas with whey protein concentrate (WPC). Two rotational central composite designs (RCCDs) were applied: one to perform the hydrolysis of the whey protein concentrate and another for the yogurt formulations (α = 2 with 2 central points and 4 axial points). Two β-ga
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17

Panara, Anthi, Maria Katsa, Marios Kostakis, Erasmia Bizani, and Nikolaos S. Thomaidis. "Monitoring of Aflatoxin M1 in Various Origins Greek Milk Samples Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Separations 9, no. 3 (2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9030058.

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Aflatoxin M1(AFM1), a major metabolite of Aflatoxin B1(AFB1), has been identified as a potential contaminant in dairy products. Because of its possible carcinogenicity, the legislation limits as set by Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 are very strict, namely 0.050 μg kg−1 in milk and 0.025 μg kg−1 in infant formulas. To meet these requirements, a sensitive and accurate method was developed, employing liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Ιmmunoaffinity columns (R-Biopharm) were used for sample purification and preconcentration of the analyte of interest. The quan
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18

Demakopoulou, Katie, Nicoletta Divari-Valakou, Maria Lowe Fri, Madelaine Miller, Monica Nilsson, and Ann-Louise Schallin. "Excavations in Midea 2008–2009." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 3 (November 2010): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-03-02.

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Excavations in Midea continued in 2008 and 2009 as a Greek-Swedish programme under the direction of Dr Katie Demakopoulou in collaboration with Dr Ann-Louise Schallin. On the lower west terrace of the Acropolis excavation continued in Trench C in order to conclude the investigation of the syrinx discovered in 2007. A small trench was opened in the interior of Room I to examine the deposit below its floor. Furthermore, the cleaning of a large area outside the north section of the citadel wall brought to light a large part of a massive terrace wall. Investigations were made in three adjacent loc
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Малышев, А. А., А. Н. Бабенко, and Е. А. Спиридонова. "THE GECHEPSIN FORTIFIED SETTLEMENT: EXPERIENCE OF COMPREHENSIVE EXCAVATIONS." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 264 (December 3, 2021): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.264.407-421.

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Несмотря на очевидный прогресс в наших представлениях о системе расселения восточной периферии азиатского Боспора, круг известных памятников совсем невелик, а об их хронологии можно судить только на основании подъемного материала. Комплексные исследования на городище Гечепсин позволили выявить два строительных горизонта, датируемых керамическими материалами в пределах II в. до н. э. - II в. н. э. и охарактеризовать особенности топографии (фортификацию, коммуникации и т. п.). Исследованная кладка сооружения фортификационной системы крепости была сооружена на культурном слое эпохи позднего эллин
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ANGHEL, Sorin, and Titus BRUSTUR. "GEOPHYSICAL METHODS USED IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE ANCIENT TOWN OF “ARGAMUM”." Geo-Eco-Marina No 13/2007 (December 31, 2007): 97–100. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57350.

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Abstract : In Romania, geophysical methods are normally used to estimate the distribution of cultural relics, before digging. Objects of archaeological interest are usually located within a few meters of the surface. The geophysical studies were carried out within the archaeological site in 2005 as well as in 2006. Geophysical works were conducted using Geometrics equipment (G856 proton precession magnetometers) with a 0.1nT precision, which allowed for a highly detailed local morphology of the geomagnetic field and for the mapping of the magnetic anomaly. The working technology has been chose
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Dvurechenskaya, Nigora D. "Ritual Inscriptions from Uzundara." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 5 (2021): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080016949-0.

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The paper presents three Greek votive graffiti from the excavations of citadel of Fortress Uzundara (Uzbekistan) and describes their archaeological context. This fortress is located on the North-West Border of Ancient Bactria, and represents the crucial point in the tens–kilometers long borderline fortification system in this area. It is built at altitude of 1700 meters above the sea level. The fortress stands on the narrow (220 meters) neck between the precipitous walls of the natural boundary Kara-Kamar and the canyon Uzundara, and locks the pass for the equestrian troops intent to bypass th
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Papadopoulou, Chryssanthi. "The Classical naval installations in the Piraeus." Archaeological Reports 60 (November 2014): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608414000076.

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In his recent book The Ancient Harbours of the Piraeus I.1, Bjorn Lovén notes that archaeological investigation of the Classical naval installations in the Piraeus goes back almost as far as the discipline of archaeology in the modern Greek state (Lovén 2011: 15). This enduring archaeological interest in the Piraeus installations is not some ungrounded fascination, but rests on the importance of these facilities not only for the Piraeus, but for the whole of Classical Athens. The commission of these installations was an integral part of a Classical building programme that saw the construction
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23

Zimi, Eleni, K. Göransson, and K. Swift. "Pottery and trade at Euesperides in Cyrenaica: an overview." Libyan Studies 50 (October 22, 2019): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lis.2019.27.

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AbstractThe excavations conducted at Euesperides between 1999 and 2007 under the auspices of the Society for Libyan Studies, London, and the Department of Antiquities, Libya, and jointly directed by Paul Bennet and Andrew Wilson, brought to light private houses and a building complex, industrial areas related to purple dye production and part of the city's fortification wall. Among the finds was a highly significant body of local, regional and imported pottery (from the Greek and Punic world, Cyprus, Italy and elsewhere), dated between the last quarter of the seventh and the middle of the thir
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Kielin, Katarzyna. "The importance of creating a cultural park within the historical center of Zamość. Good practices. The cultural park is not the Zamość Park." Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych 17, no. 2 (2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/teka.2604.

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Zamość is a town of remarkable urban landscape and architecture. The first urban idea on the masterpiece of Italian-style fortification from the late 16th century evolved gradually throughout centuries until 19th century. The plan and examples of architectural pearls are stylistically homogenous. The fortifications underwent many transformations and 21st century brought some outstanding projects for the reconstruction of substantial amount of fortress elements. The Zamość Park retained the green parts of fortifications which added to its undoubted picturesqueness. The Zamość unique and valuabl
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Burch, Josep, Modest Fluvià, Ricard Rigall, Albert Saló, and Gabriel Alcalde. "Free or paid: the uses of Roses Citadel (Catalonia)." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (2019): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-11-2017-0073.

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Purpose The Roses Citadel is a bastioned fortification that has archaeological remains from the Greek, Roman and medieval periods in its interior. Currently, the area inside the Citadel is used for a wide range of activities; some directly related with the heritage item, others associated with its use as a public space for the town. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the economic interest of charging an entrance fee vs the alternative of free access and offers a framework to address this issue. Design/methodology/approach The proposal is to consider the marginal cost of increasing the num
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Sikdar, Dolanchapa, Rosalin Nath, Kakali Bandyopadhyay, and Ishon Mollick. "Fortifications in Ice-cream with Enhanced Functional Properties: A Review." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 5 (2002): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060523.

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Enrichment of food by the addition of essential micro-nutrients like trace elements and vitamins to food is known as fortification. It can be carried out under initiatives such as Public Health Policy which aims in reducing the number of people with dietary deficiencies within a group of people or population. Ice-creams are well known dessert, and very much in demand among the children. So it is very important to keep its sensory factors in mind and make nutritive additions in it. To meet the demands of the consumers various natural ingredients are used to fortify ice-creams. Works have been d
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BAKHUIZEN, Simon C. "The Study of Greek Fortifications." BABESCH - Bulletin Antieke Beschaving 69 (January 1, 1994): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/bab.69.0.2005949.

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Papamarinopoulos, S. P. "ATLANTIS IN SPAIN II." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 1 (2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11165.

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Plato, who lived in the 4th century B.C., wrote the dialogue Timaeos and Critias when he was 52 years old. In this he describes a catastrophe in Athens from an earthquake in the presence of excessive rain. He also describes several details, not visible in his century, in the Acropolis of Athens. These details are a spring and architectural details of buildings in which the warriors used to live. In Critias he mentions that the destruction of the spring was caused by an earthquake. The time of the catastrophe of Atlantis was not defined by him but it is implied that it occurred after the assaul
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Susanti, S., V. P. Bintoro, A. Katherinatama, and F. Arifan. "Chemical, physical and hedonic characteristics of green tea powder fortified oatmeal cookies." Food Research 5, no. 5 (2021): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(5).633.

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Fortification of oatmeal cookies with ingredients that are physically more attractive and functional is an interesting breakthrough for improving oatmeal cookies to be a favourite healthy food. Green tea was considered to be a food fortification because of its phytochemical content, which is beneficial to health. This study was aimed at getting more insight into the effect of green tea powder (GTP) fortification on physical (texture and colour), chemical (moisture, fat, ash, protein, carbohydrates, crude fibre content, and calories) and hedonic characteristics of oatmeal cookies. The treatment
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Fadhlurrohman, Irfan, and Jodi Susanto. "Functional Food Innovation Based on Fermented Milk Products with Fortification of Various Types of Tea: A Review." JITIPARI (Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi dan Industri Pangan UNISRI) 9, no. 1 (2024): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33061/jitipari.v9i1.10221.

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Today's people tend to consume healthy food, for example, functional food. Functional foods from fermented milk products which contain many bioactive compounds include yogurt, kefir, and cheese. The nutritional value of this product can be further increased through fortification of various types of tea. This research aims to summarize results related to the fortification of various types of tea in yogurt, kefir, and cheese products as a functional food innovation based on fermented milk. Based on various research, tea fortification in fermented milk products can increase the functional value o
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Kravchenko, E. A. "COULD THE PERSONS BURIED IN PEREPIATIKHA BARROW BE THE LORDS OF THE HILLFORD OF KHOTIV?" Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 32, no. 3 (2019): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.03.05.

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North-West side of Forrest-Steppe zone had no high activity in historical events of the beginning of Iron Age, so the material culture of sites of these territories have had no sharp chronological rappers. They took places in aristocratic complexes just with appearance of Scythian in Middle Dnieper region. The article deals with two brilliant sites dating to the Early Scythian time — hillford of Khotiv and Perepiatikha burial mound. How is traditional and innovative on these sits divided?
 The antiquities of the previous period in Central and Eastern Europe became a conservative feature i
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Scholl, Tomasz. "Early Greek Fortifications in the Territory of the Later Bosporan Cities." Studies in Ancient Art and Civilisation 19 (December 30, 2015): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/saac.19.2015.19.04.

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Scholars have long debated the question how a small state like the Bosporus managed to remain independent for almost a millennium by the side of two nomadic giants, the Scythians and the Sarmathians. One of the reasons of their success were the fortifications that they had started building around their cities in the early stages of the colonization effort. Summing up the current knowledge of early Greek fortifications in the territory of the future Bosporan state, one cannot but note the weakness of the evidence. Changes of ground topography, natural and anthropic, have destroyed most of the e
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Verbych, Sviatoslav. "KACHUBEIV – KACHIBEIV – HAJIBEY … ODESA: THE ETHNIC HISTORY OF THE REGION, REFLECTED IN VARIANT NAMES OF THE CITY." Opera in onomastica, no. 27 (October 18, 2024): 5–20. https://doi.org/10.18524/2410-3373.2024.27.315667.

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Introduction. The history of the modern oikonym Odesa dates back to the end of the 18th century. At that time, the coast of the Black Sea from the Southern Bug to the Dnieper became part of the Russian Empire after another Russo-Turkish war of 1787–1791. However, the history of this settlement is much older. One of its sources is the numerous variant names of this city recorded in various texts. A special study of these onyms makes it possible to find out important linguistic and historical information that is closely related to the corresponding ethnic picture in the specified region before 1
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Lohmann, Hans. "Oliver Hülden, Das griechische Befestigungswesen der archaïschen Zeit. Entwicklungen – Formen – Funktionen." Journal of Greek Archaeology 6 (December 9, 2021): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v6i.1056.

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This extensive and lavishly illustrated work is based on the Munich habilitation thesis of the author and is the most comprehensive treatment of the subject to date. The regrettably long-neglected Greek fortifications have received increased attention in recent years and decades. The extensive bibliography (pp. 523-560) lists over 700 titles, two of which are particularly noteworthy because they deal with the same subject: F. Lang, Archaische Siedlungen in Griechenland. Struktur und Entwicklung (Berlin 1996) and R. Frederiksen, Greek City Walls of the Archaic period (Oxford 2011). The latter g
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Rachit, Pandey, Hisaria Raunak, Roy Rajdeep, et al. "Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of green leafy vegetables and its enhanced bioactive properties upon fortification with probiotic Lactobacilli acidophilus." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 92, Jun 2015 (2015): 886–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5636661.

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HTS Labs, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632 014, Tamilnadu, India <em>E-mail</em> : skarthikeyan@vit.ac.in Centre for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632 014, Tamilnadu, India n this study we have analyzed the chemical composition of 5 locally available underutilized green leafy vegetables (GLV) obtained from Vellore region, namely : Methi, Mint, Lunia, Amaranthus and Tamarind (common names). Aqueous extracts of GLV&rsquo;s were analysed for various chemical components such as minerals, carbohydrates, protei
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Teixeira, Juliana A., Teresa G. Castro, Clare R. Wall, et al. "Effects of folic acid food fortification scenarios on the folate intake of a multi-ethnic pregnant population." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 4 (2018): 738–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018003026.

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AbstractObjectiveTo simulate effects of different scenarios of folic acid fortification of food on dietary folate equivalents (DFE) intake in an ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women.DesignA forty-four-item FFQ was used to evaluate dietary intake of the population. DFE intakes were estimated for different scenarios of food fortification with folic acid: (i) voluntary fortification; (ii) increased voluntary fortification; (iii) simulated bread mandatory fortification; and (iv) simulated grains-and-rice mandatory fortification.SettingEthnically and socio-economically diverse cohort of preg
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Simakhina, Galina, and Nataliia Naumenko. "The plant half products for fortification of foodstuffs." InterConf, no. 36(167) (August 20, 2023): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.08.2023.029.

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The subjects for researching are the green parts (tops) of beets, ramsons, nettle, garlic, pea husk, and onion skin. We confirmed the high content of indispensable amino acids – 87 to 283 mg per 100 g of leucine; 72 to 205 mg per 100 g of lysine; 504 to 1375 mg per 100 g in total. Dispensable amino acids in maximal amount are represented by glycine (83 to 377 mg per 100 g), alanine (87 to 251 mg per 100 g). Proteins in researched materials are outstanding with high grade of proteolysis (28.61 % for garlic; 28.81 % for nettle; 29.37 % for sugar beet), which slightly differs from the control ind
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Smyrnov, Oleksandr, and Kyrylo Gorbenko. "Coins of Roman Times from Berezan Island – end of 20th – beginning of 21st century finds." Eminak, no. 3(35) (November 13, 2021): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33782/eminak2021.3(35).549.

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The coin material of Roman times, which was found during archaeological studies of an ancient settlement on the island of Berezan, is analyzed in the paper.&#x0D; The ancient settlement on the island of Berezan is primarily known as the first Greek colony in the Northern Black Sea region.&#x0D; In addition to the sites of the archaic period of the 6th – 5th centuries BCE, the objects belonging to other historical epochs are studied on the island. Roman times are represented by a large number of materials: ceramics, epigraphic finds, damaged archaeological sites (remains of dwellings, utility p
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Prihantoro, Iwan, Panca Dewi Karti, Edit Lesa Aditia, and Shandathyana Nisabillah. "Kualitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) yang Diproduksi dengan Teknik Fortifikasi dan Fertigasi Berbeda pada Pertumbuhan Indigofera zollingeriana." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 28, no. 3 (2023): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.28.3.377.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a fungus that has a symbiotic impact on the plant at the root system level. The research objective was to evaluate the growth of Indigofera zollingeriana produced from inoculation of AMF under different fortification and fertigation techniques at the field scale. A completely randomized design with six treatments and five replication were applied for the study. The treatments were: FD1000, FD2000, FD3000 (AMF fortified with 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm of AB mix at flat fertigation), FB1000, FB2000, and FB3000 (AMF fortified with 1000, 2000, 3000 ppm of AB mix
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Bose, Rimpa, and Binata Nayak. "In-Vitro Bioavailability of Iron from Green Gram (Vigna radiata) Dhal Flour Fortified with Extrinsic Iron and its Absorption Promoter Ascorbic Acid." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 9, no. 4 (2024): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.94.38.

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Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) is a global health problem, especially in the developing countries and in India it is also a formidable health challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) report already identified Iron Deficiency Anaemia as world’s most serious health risk factor. The vulnerable groups are pre-school children, school going children, adolescent girls, pregnant women and partially lactating women. Fortification, as generally understood, refer to the process of addition of a nutrient to a food to improve the quality of nutrient to meet the recommended dietary allowance of the pop
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Leksawasdi, Noppol, Siraphat Taesuwan, Trakul Prommajak, et al. "Ultrasonic Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Green Soybean Pods and Application in Green Soybean Milk Antioxidants Fortification." Foods 11, no. 4 (2022): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11040588.

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Green soybean (Glycine max L.) pods (GSP) are agro-industrial waste from the production of frozen green soybean and milk. These pods contain natural antioxidants and various bioactive compounds that are still underutilized. Polyphenols and flavonoids in GSP were extracted by ultrasound technique and used in the antioxidant fortification of green soybean milk. The ultrasound extraction that yielded the highest total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities was 50% amplitude for 10 min. Response surface methodology was applied to analyze an optimum ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) condi
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Artés-Hernández, Francisco, Noelia Castillejo, Lorena Martínez-Zamora, and Ginés Benito Martínez-Hernández. "Phytochemical Fortification in Fruit and Vegetable Beverages with Green Technologies." Foods 10, no. 11 (2021): 2534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112534.

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Background: Phytochemical, bioactive and nutraceutical compounds are terms usually found in the scientific literature related to natural compounds found in plants linked to health-promoting properties. Fruit and vegetable beverages (mainly juice and smoothies) are a convenient strategy to enhance the consumption of horticultural commodities, with the possibility of being fortified with plant byproducts to enhance the content of bioactive compounds. Objective: This review aims to analyse the different green technologies applied in beverage processing with a fortification effect on their health
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Loedolff, Bianke, Jolene Brooks, Marietjie Stander, Shaun Peters, and Jens Kossmann. "High light bio-fortification stimulates de novo synthesis of resveratrol in Diplotaxis tenuifolia (wild rocket) micro-greens." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 7, no. 11 (2017): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v7i11.380.

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Background: Brassica vegetables and leafy greens are consumed globally due to their health promoting phytochemicals. Diplotaxis tenuifolia (wild rocket or arugula) is a popular Brassica leafy green, with a diverse range of phytochemicals (in mature plants). Immature plants (micro-greens, 2-4 true leaves) accumulate phytochemicals up to 10 times more than plants grown to maturity. Although plants accumulate phytochemicals ubiquitously, environmental stimuli can further enhance this phenomenon of accumulation, which is part of a global stress mechanism in plants. In this study, we describe a sim
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Plakas, Steven M., Kathleen R. El Said, Guy R. Stehly, and Roybal José E. "Optimization of a Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Malachite Green and Its Metabolites in Fish Tissues." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 6 (1995): 1388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.6.1388.

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Abstract A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was adapted and optimized for the determination of malachite green and its metabolites in fish plasma and muscle. Residues in plasma were extracted with acetonitrile, the extract was evaporated to dryness, and residues were resolubilized for LC analysis. Residues in muscle were extracted with an acetonitrile- acetate buffer mixture, reextracted with acetonitrile, and partitioned into methylene chloride with final cleanup on alumina and propylsulfonic acid solid-phase extraction columns. Residue levels were determined by using an LC cyano column wit
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Amini Khoozani, Amir, Biniam Kebede, John Birch, and Alaa El-Din Ahmed Bekhit. "The Effect of Bread Fortification with Whole Green Banana Flour on Its Physicochemical, Nutritional and In Vitro Digestibility." Foods 9, no. 2 (2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9020152.

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The use of Whole Green Banana Flour (WGBF) in bread production may be a strategy to improve the nutritional profile of bread, but the extent of improvement may depend on the processing conditions of the flour. Therefore, WGBF was produced using two methods (freeze-drying and air-oven drying) and was used in bread-making. This study investigated the effect of flour type—FDF (WGBF produced by freeze-drying) and ODF (prepared by air-oven drying at 50 °C)—at fortification levels of 0% (control), 10%, 20%, and 30% on the fortified bread. A significant decrease in energy caloric value and an increas
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Sushil, Kumar Sharma. "Eco-friendly and fast bromination of industrially-important aromatic compounds in water using recyclable AlBr3-Br2 system." Chemistry International 1, no. 1 (2015): 60–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1469796.

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A fast, efficient, simple, eco-friendly, regioselective, controllable and economical method for the bromination of aromatic compounds using AlBr3-Br2 system was invetigated. The direct bromination of anilines and phenols with molecular bromine in solution frequently results in polybromination, and when brominated in the existence of oxidants, they also get oxidized rather than experiencing substitutions and in some cases, require fortification of the amino (-NH2) group.
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Icard-Vernière, C., C. Picq, L. Courbis, and C. Mouquet-Rivier. "The type of fortificant and the leaf matrix both influence iron and zinc bioaccessibility in iron-fortified green leafy vegetable sauces from Burkina Faso." Food & Function 7, no. 2 (2016): 1103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fo01227a.

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Müth, Silke. "Matthew P. Maher. The fortifications of Arkadian city states in the Classical and Hellenistic periods." Journal of Greek Archaeology 4 (January 1, 2019): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v4i.512.

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Matthew Maher’s monograph on the fortifications of Arkadian city states is (although not mentioned in the book) based on a PhD dissertation at the University of British Columbia (Vancouver) in 2012. It is a very welcome volume, because it supplies the growing interest in both the history and archaeology of Arkadia as a central Greek region and in ancient fortifications in a regional scope. As Maher writes in his introduction, he sees his study in the light of the ‘move away from traditional stereotypical interpretations of a poor and isolated Arkadia towards a view of a moderately prosperous r
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Şahin, Oya Irmak. "Effect of Spirulina Biomass Fortification for Biscuits and Chocolates." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 4 (2019): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i4.583-587.2204.

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Microalgae can be regarded as an alternative and promising ingredient for food fortification or enrichment. Due to their nutritional composition, especially protein-high composition, they considered as a sustainable protein source for food. The aim of this work was to evaluate the Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) dry biomass which is knowns as the greater protein and amino acid source in blue-green microalga, as innovative ingredient for newly formulated and produced biscuits and chocolates, for baby and children diets. All samples with Spirulina biomass showed significantly higher protein an
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dos Santos, Joaquim Manuel Rodrigues. "Reshaping the Urban Space in Portuguese Fortified Cities." Journal of Urban History 43, no. 1 (2016): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144214566960.

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In the early nineteenth century, the (obsolete) Portuguese urban fortifications were frequently ruined and suffering from a gradual desertion around them. With the emergence of patrimonial concerns, those defensive structures began being considered as historical and cultural monuments. As a result, the isolation of these monuments became a common practice that often created public green areas (gardens and parks) framing monuments, giving them a picturesque image. The consequences of these rehabilitation actions on urban fortifications in Portugal are analyzed here, focusing particularly on tho
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