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Coughlan, Taylor S. "Lovely Earth (Leonidas of Tarentum Anth. Pal. 7.440 = Gow/Page, HE 11)." Philologus 164, no. 2 (November 4, 2020): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phil-2020-0113.
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AbstractScholars and editors of Hellenistic epigram have often discounted the authenticity of dialectal variance attested in the manuscript tradition, either privileging the dialectal variant that conforms to the predominant dialect in the epigram or even choosing to change attested dialect forms to produce a uniform coloring. This article argues that the addresses to earth at lines 2 and 10 of Leonidas of Tarentum Anth. Pal. 7.440 = Gow/Page, HE 11 were originally Doric. I show that there are paleographic as well as literary grounds for the reading. In particular, the presence of Doric forms at these two points in the epigram evoke the language of tragic lament. The findings of this article have potentially significant implications for the editing of dialectal mixture in the Greek Anthology.
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Finkelberg, Margalit. "The Dialect Continuum of Ancient Greek." Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 96 (1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/311313.
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Skelton, Christina. "Greek-Anatolian Language Contact and the Settlement of Pamphylia." Classical Antiquity 36, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 104–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2017.36.1.104.
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The Ancient Greek dialect of Pamphylia shows extensive influence from the nearby Anatolian languages. Evidence from the linguistics of Greek and Anatolian, sociolinguistics, and the historical and archaeological record suggest that this influence is due to Anatolian speakers learning Greek as a second language as adults in such large numbers that aspects of their L2 Greek became fixed as a part of the main Pamphylian dialect. For this linguistic development to occur and persist, Pamphylia must initially have been settled by a small number of Greeks, and remained isolated from the broader Greek-speaking community while prevailing cultural attitudes favored a combined Greek-Anatolian culture.
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Arvaniti, Amalia. "Cypriot Greek." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 29, no. 2 (December 1999): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002510030000654x.
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Cypriot Greek is the dialect of Modern Greek spoken on the island of Cyprus by approximately 650,000 people and also by the substantial immigrant communities of Cypriots in the UK, North America, Australia, South Africa and elsewhere. Due to lengthy isolation, Cypriot Greek is so distinct from Standard Greek as to be often unintelligible to speakers of the Standard. Greek Cypriot speakers, on the other hand, have considerably less difficulty understanding Greeks, since Standard Greek is the official language of Cyprus, and as such it is the medium of education and the language of the Cypriot media. However, in every day situations Cypriot Greek is the only variety used among Cypriots. Cypriot Greek is not homogeneous but exhibits considerable geographical variation (Newton 1972). The variety described here is that used by educated speakers, particularly the inhabitants of the capital, Nicosia. Although influenced by increasing contact with Standard Greek, Cypriot Greek retains most of its phonological and phonetic characteristics virtually intact. There is no established orthography for Cypriot Greek; however, certain, rather variable, conventions have emerged, based on Greek historical orthography but also including novel combinations of letters in order to represent sounds that do not exist in the Standard (e.g. σι for [∫]); a version of these conventions has been adopted here for the sample text. The transcription is based on the speech of an educated male speaker from Nicosia in his mid-thirties, who read the text twice at normal speed and in an informal manner, he also assisted in rendering the text from Standard to Cypriot Greek.
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Stadel, Christian, and Mor Shemesh. "Greek Loanwords in Samaritan Aramaic." Aramaic Studies 16, no. 2 (November 19, 2018): 144–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455227-01602009.
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Abstract For the first time, we provide a comprehensive and annotated list of 74 certain, likely, and possible Greek loanwords in Samaritan Aramaic, paying due attention to the variegated distribution of the loans in the different textual genres and chronological stages of the dialect. Greek loanwords in Jewish and Christian Palestinian Aramaic as well as Rabbinic Hebrew are compared throughout. The study provides insights into the contact situation of Greek and Samaritan Aramaic in Late Antique Palestine. An appendix contains short discussions of 22 additional lexical items for which a Greek etymon has been proposed erroneously.
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Colvin, Stephen. "VARIETIES OF GREEK: DISORDER AND CONTINUITY." Classical Quarterly 70, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838820000257.
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Social magic always manages to produce discontinuity out of continuity.Social dialect, which can be defined negatively as dialect associated with variables other than geographic region, was hardly recognized as a linguistic category until the twentieth century. Although it has been recognized since antiquity that groups at the bottom of the socio-economic ladder speak differently from the elite, non-elite idioms did not merit serious investigation since they were regarded merely as corrupt or decadent approximations to the prestige variety. There is evidence that the Greeks also recognized gender as a variable in linguistic production. Age occasionally figures in discourse about language, but the association is vaguer since it was tangled up with the idea that earlier generations spoke a better or more authentic form of Greek.
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PANOU, Despoina. "Norms Governing the Dialect Translation of Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations: An English-Greek Perspective." International Linguistics Research 1, no. 1 (April 16, 2018): p49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ilr.v1n1p49.
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This paper aims to investigate the norms governing the translation of fiction from English into Greek by critically examining two Greek translations of Charles Dickens’ novel Great Expectations. One is by Pavlina Pampoudi (Patakis, 2016) and the other, is by Thanasis Zavalos (Minoas, 2017). Particular attention is paid to dialect translation and special emphasis is placed on the language used by one of the novel’s prominent characters, namely, Abel Magwitch. In particular, twenty instances of Abel Magwitch’s dialect are chosen in an effort to provide an in-depth analysis of the dialect-translation strategies employed as well as possible reasons governing such choices. It is argued that both translators favour standardisation in their target texts, thus eliminating any language variants present in the source text. The conclusion argues that societal factors as well as the commissioning policies of publishing houses influence to a great extent the translators’ behaviour, and consequently, the dialect-translation strategies adopted. Hence, greater emphasis on the extra-linguistic, sociological context is necessary for a thorough consideration of the complexities of English-Greek dialect translation of fiction.
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Sophocleous, Andry, and Clarissa Wilks. "Standard Modern Greek and Greek-Cypriot dialect in kindergarten classroom interaction: teachers' and learners' language attitudes and language use." Language, Culture and Curriculum 23, no. 1 (March 2010): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07908311003632519.
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Panagiotis Kaltsas, Evangelos. "Traveling With the Greek Language through Time." Sumerianz Journal of Education, Linguistics and Literature, no. 42 (June 17, 2021): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjell.42.58.61.
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Introduction. A language is the fundamental characteristic of a nation’s identity. It can unite the members of an ethic team and set them apart from the members of other ethnic teams. Aim. In this current review, the study presents the evolution of the Greek language from the ancient times, all the way up to today. Methodology. The study’s material consists of articles related to the topic, found in Greek and International και databases, the Google Scholar, and the Hellenic Academic Libraries (HEAL-Link). Results. The Greek language has been used since the third millennia B.C.. During the ancient times, it was the most widely used language in the Mediterranean Sea and South Europe. Until the fifth century B.C., the Greek language was a total of dialects. The Attica Dialect stood out from this dialectical mosaic. Then came the Hellenistic Common, which became the hegemonic language, the lingua franca of the "universe". The Hellenistic Common evolved to the Middle Ages Greek, and later the New Greek (fifth century A.D. - today). Besides, the creation of the New Greek state resulted to the gradual formation of the New Common, which will become the modern New Greek Common, under the effect of the scholar language. Conclusion. The Greek language keeps borrowing and assimilating words from other languages today, just like it did in the past, remaining unbroken for forty centuries.
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Finnis, Katerina. "Creating a ‘new space’." Pragmatics and Society 4, no. 2 (June 18, 2013): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.4.2.02fin.
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This paper, located in the traditions of Interactional Sociolinguistics (Gumperz 1982) and Social Constructionism (Berger and Luckmann 1966), explores code-switching and identity practices amongst British-born Greek-Cypriots. The speakers, members of a Greek-Cypriot youth organization, are fluent in English and (with varying levels of fluency) speak the Greek-Cypriot Dialect. Qualitative analyses of recordings of natural speech during youth community meetings and a social event show how a new ‘third space’ becomes reified through code-switching practices. By skillfully manipulating languages and styles, speakers draw on Greek-Cypriot cultural resources to accomplish two inter-related things. First, by displaying knowledge of familiar Greek-Cypriot cultural frames, they establish themselves as different from mainstream British society and establish solidarity as an in-group. Secondly, by using these frames in non-serious contexts, and at times mocking cultural attitudes and stereotypes, they challenge and re-appropriate their inherited Greek-Cypriot identity, thereby constructing the identity of British-born Greek-Cypriot youth.
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Janse, Mark. "Review article:Aspects of Pontic grammar." Journal of Greek Linguistics 3, no. 1 (2002): 203–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jgl.3.10jan.
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AbstractThis paper is a review article of Drettas (1997), the first non-Greek grammar of Pontic. It discusses the theoretical framework of the grammar and the main features of Pontic. Special attention is given to those features which set Pontic apart from the rest of the Greek dialects. Finally, the question is raised as to whether Pontic is indeed a Greek dialect or rather a separate language.
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Idrizi, Sadik. "INFLUENCE OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE ON THE SPEECH AND FOLK POETRY OF GORA." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 2, no. 1 (April 2012): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.041207.
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Based on its many structural features, the Gorani dialect belongs to Balkan linguistic union. Some features have joined this dialect as a result of lingustic and ethnic mixtures present in the southeastern part of Balkan peninsula. Romanic, Turkish and Greek languages have influenced a lot the creation of the Balkan linguistic association. Balkan languages show a lot of parallel features in phonetics, morphology, suntax and vocabulary.
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Pavlou, Pavlos, and Andreas Papapavlou. "Issues of dialect use in education from the Greek Cypriot perspective." International Journal of Applied Linguistics 14, no. 2 (July 2004): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.2004.00061.x.
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Lavidas, Nikolaos, and Ianthi Maria Tsimpli. "Object Omission in Contact: Object Clitics and Definite Articles in the West Thracian Greek (Evros) Dialect." Journal of Language Contact 12, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 141–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01201006.
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We examine spontaneous production data from the dialect of Modern West Thracian Greek (mwtg) (the local dialect of Evros) with regard to a hypothesis of syntactic borrowing of verbal transitivity. We argue that mwtg allows omission of the direct object with specific reference, in contrast to Standard Modern Greek (smg) and other Modern Greek (mg) dialects (spoken in Greece), but similar to Turkish. Object omission in mwtg is possible only in contexts where smg and other mg dialects show obligatory use of the 3rd-person clitic. We argue that syntactic borrowing in the case of language contact follows the transfer with second language learners: the relevant elements that host uninterpretable features are used optionally. Moreover, the definite article, in contrast to the indefinite article, is also affected by language contact. The 3rd-person clitic and the definite article are affected by contact as uninterpretable clusters of features. We claim that interpretability plays a significant role in transitivity in cases of language contact.
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Joseph, Brian D., Rexhina Ndoci, and Carly Dickerson. "Language mixing in Palasa." Journal of Greek Linguistics 19, no. 2 (December 6, 2019): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-01902002.
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Abstract We explore here several kinds of language mixing to be found in the Greek-Albanian bilingual speech community of the village of Palasa in southern Albania. Palasa is of particular interest for Greek dialect studies because it offers a window in the present day into highly localized dynamics of language contact. Among the mixing observed in Palasa is code-switching, motivated by various factors as identified by Myslín & Levy 2015, borrowing, both lexical and structural, and hybridization, at a number of levels of analysis, including phonology, morphology, and semantics. Our findings indicate that language contact is still alive and well in the Balkans at least at the level of village dialects.
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Guion, Susan G. "Greek Syllable Structure." Diachronica 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.13.1.04gui.
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SUMMARY This paper investigates the syllable structure of Cyprian, an ancient Greek dialect written with a syllabary. Based on the corroboration of orthographic and metrical evidence, Cyprian is found to have a syllable structure which maximizes onsets to allow clusters of equal or rising sonority (see also Deecke 1884, Meister 1894, Thumb & Scherer 1922, Lejeune 1972, and Masson 1983). This analysis is different from the traditional view of Greek syllable structure which considers all intervocalic consonant clusters to be hetero-syllabic (Hermann 1923, Meillet 1934). The support for the traditional view of Greek syllable structure is critiqued and found to be unreliable. Competing views on Cyprian syllabary which were largely motivated by a desire to defend the traditional view of Greek syllable structure are also critiqued (Morpurgo Davies 1987, Viredaz 1983, Miller 1994, and Woodard 1994). These alternative explanations of the Cyprian syllabary are found to be needlessly complicated and to employ ad hoc devices. Finally, the traditional reconstruction of Proto-Greek is evaluated against Steriade's (1982) proposal, which allows complex onsets of equal or rising sonority. Steriade's proposal is found to be the more sensible. RÉSUMÉ Cet article examine la structure syllabique du cypriote, dialecte grec ancien écrit en caractère syllabique. Grâce à des preuves orthographiques et métriques, on conclut que le cypriote avoit une structure syllabique maximisant le point d'attaque ('onset') permettant la présence de groupes de consonnnes croissant ou stables en sonorité (voir Deecke 1884, Meister 1894, Thumb & Scherer 1922, Lejeune 1972 et Masson 1983). Cette analyse diffère du point de vue traditionel, en ce qui a trait à la structure syllabique de grec, selon lequel tout groupe de consonnes était hétérosyllabique en position intervocalique (Hermann 1932, Meillet 1943). Dans le présent acticle on critique ce point de vue, et on triouve peu fiabe son analyse de la structure syllabique du grec. On y critique aussi les avis contraires exprimés quant au syllabaire cypriote dont la plupart semblent motivés par le désir de maintenir intactles analyses traditio-nelles de la structure syllabique du grec (Morpurgo Davies 1987, Viredaz 1983, Miller 1994 et Woodard 1994). Les explications alternatives sont jugées être d'une complexité inutile, et de faire appel à des explications ad hoc. Enfin, on compare la reconstruction traditionelle du proto-grec à la proposition de Steriade (1982) que permet des groupes de consonnes complexes, de sonorité égale ou croissante dans le point d'attaque. On conclut que la proposition de Steriade est la plus raisonnable. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In vorliegendem Beitrag wird die Silbenstruktur des Zypriotischen unter-sucht. Zypriotisch ist ein altert ümlicher Dialekt des Griechischen, der in Form des Syllabars geschrieben wird. Aufgrund von orthographischen sowie metrischen Übereinstimmungen wird geschlossen, daß die Silbenstruktur des Zypriotischen Silbenanlaute maximiert, die aus Konsonantenhäufungen mit gleich-wertiger oder steigender Klangfülle bestehen (s. Deecke 1884, Meister 1894, Thumb & Scherer 1922, Lejeune 1972, Masson 1983). Diese Analyse unter-scheidet sich von den herkömmlichen Sichtweisen der griechischen Silbenstruktur, die zwischenvokalische Konsonantenhäufungen als heterosilbisch ansehen (Herman 1932, Meillet 1943). Die Basis dieser herkömmlichen Sichtweisen der griechischen Silbenstruktur wird hier kritisch untersucht und als unzuverlässig befunden. Konkurrierende Sichtweisen des zypriotischen Syllabars, welche vom Wunsch geleitet sind, herkömmliche Sehensweise der griechischen Silbenstruktur zu verteidigen (Morpurgo Davies 1987, Viredaz 1983, Miller 1994 und Woodard 1994), werden ebenfalls kritisch untersucht. Diese konkurrierenden Erklarungen des zypriotischen Syllabars werden als unnö-tigerweise kompliziert gefunden. Weiterhin wird festgestellt, daB dabei auch ad hoc-Analysenmittel benutzt werden. SchlieBlich wird die herkömmliche Re-konstruktion des Proto-Griechischen mit dem Vorschlag von Steriade (1982) verglichen. Ihr Vorschlag läßt die Möglichkeit komplexer Silbenanlaute mit gleichwertiger oder steigender Klangfülle zu. Die hier vorgelegte Analyse hat gezeigt, daB der Vorschlag Steriades besser motiviert ist als die übrigen Theo-rien.
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Gasti, Helen. "Three notes on Virgil,Aeneid2." Cambridge Classical Journal 52 (2006): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1750270500000506.
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Aeneas begins his narrative with the story of the Trojan Horse. The Greeks, after constructing a huge wooden horse, within which they hide a great many armed soldiers, flee the land. The Trojans rejoice, thinking that they have driven off their opponents. Lines 27–8 express the joy of the Trojans as they visit the Greek camp:iuuat ire et Dorica castradesertosqueuidere locos litusquerelictumIt is disputed whetherdesertosandrelictumare used with an attributive or predicative function. The repeateddesertus(24huc se prouecti deserto in litore condunt, i.e. the Greeks) directs the reader's attention to its earlier use in an attributive function (‘they hid on thevacant shoreof Tenedos’). The image of the deserted shore of Tenedos is clearly meant to suggest the potential destructiveness of the Doric camp and shore deserted now. Such an interpretation seems to be further supported by the predicative use ofdesertosandrelictum, since we see the Greek camp through the eyes both of Aeneas and of his countrymen.
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Papapavlou, Andreas N., and Pavlos Pavlou. "A Review of the Sociolinguistic Aspects of the Greek Cypriot Dialect." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 19, no. 3 (May 1998): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434639808666353.
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Papapavlou, Andreas. "Linguistic imperialism?" Language Problems and Language Planning 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.25.2.04pap.
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There is growing concern about the spread and influence of English worldwide. In Cyprus, the influence of English on the Greek Cypriot dialect has attracted much interest in recent years, becoming the subject of frequent media attention and, at times, creating acrimonious public discussion. While some people have reacted mildly to this phenomenon, others express strong views, seeing the ‘influx’ of foreign words as a ‘linguistic invasion’ that ‘contaminates’ their language, and referring to the ‘suppression’ of the Greek language by English. Such ‘protectors’ of language warn of a colonialist ‘dominance’ of English in the lives of Cypriots. This paper (a) examines concerns and fears that were expressed recently about the influx of English loanwords in Cypriot Greek and in general the influence of English in Cyprus and (b) reviews papers presented at a conference held in 1992 that dealt with the dominance of English and the ‘suppression’ of Cypriot Greek.
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Piwowarczyk, Dariusz R. "The Proto-Indo-European *-VTs# clusters and the formulation of Szemerényi’s Law." Indogermanische Forschungen 120, no. 1 (October 16, 2015): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2015-0013.
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Abstract In this paper the author argues that Szemerényi’s Law operated in the proto-language and that its operation should be restricted to *- V̆Rs# and *- V̆RH# sequences only. Moreover, it is shown that the development of *- V̆Ts# > *- V̆ss# > *- V̄s#, often assumed as part of Szemerényi’s Law (cf. Neri 2003: 2035; Lipp 2009: 2, 93) as in PIE *pód-s > *póss > *pṓs > Doric Greek πώς ‘foot’ (Hesych.), is hardly credible (cf. also Kim 2001: 12724 but without further discussion). The length of the vowel in the Doric form is not certain (cf. LSJ⁹: 1456) and surely secondary in Attic poús as the short vowel is found in compounds (cf. Homeric trípos). Furthermore, if Szemerényi’s Law operated as *- V̆Rs# > *- V̄R# we would expect such sequences to appear as *- V̄T# < *- V̆Ts#. I will show that such cases are secondary rather than direct outcomes of Szemerényi’s Law.
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Versteegh, Kees. "Latinitas, Hellenismos, ‘Arabiyya." Historiographia Linguistica 13, no. 2-3 (January 1, 1986): 425–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.13.2-3.16ver.
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Summary The central thesis of this paper is that from the time of the Alexandrian conquests the Greek-speaking community was characterized by a diglossia in which the Attic dialect became the standard language, while a simplified version of this dialect served as the colloquial. On the basis of a comparison between the term ϰοινή in grammatical literature and the terms διάλεϰτος, συνήϑεια, and ἑλληνισμός, the following conclusions are drawn: 1) the grammarians used the expression ϰοινή διάλεϰτος for the Greek language in general; 2) this ϰοινή was for them their own language; 3) the ϰοινή contrasted with the dialects as regional varieties; and 4) the ϰοινή did not include the colloquial. From this it follows that the Classical language remained alive as the high variety of post-Classical diglossia, which was also used in a spoken form (the συνήϑεια of the grammarians). This means that the grammatical writings cannot be used as evidence of the development of the popular language in this period.
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Skelton, Christina Michelle. "Borrowing, Character Weighting, and Preliminary Cluster Analysis in a Phylogenetic Analysis of the Ancient Greek Dialects." Indo-European Linguistics 3, no. 1 (2015): 84–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-00301003.
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Phylogenetic systematics is an increasingly popular tool in historical linguistics for reconstructing the evolutionary histories of groups of languages. One problem in applying phylogenetic methods to languages is that phylogenetic methods assume evolution takes place strictly by descent with modification, whereas borrowing between languages is common. This paper tests two different methods for addressing borrowing in phylogenetic analysis of language on a dataset representing the dialects of ancient Greek: character weighting and preliminary cluster analysis. Both methods show promise; they correctly recovered the subgrouping of the Greek dialects and were able to improve the resolution of the tree compared to the preliminary analysis. However, they recovered conflicting subgroupings of the West Greek dialects. This result is most likely due to a circular dialect continuum within West Greek. Using phylogenetic methods in situations which match their assumptions is crucial; for the West Greek dialects, phylogenetic network methods would be more appropriate.
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Papadima, Aspasia. "Visual Graphetics and Language Ideology." International Journal of Signs and Semiotic Systems 5, no. 2 (July 2016): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsss.2016070103.
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There are certain sounds in the Greek-Cypriot dialect (henceforth GCD) that cannot be represented by characters from the Greek alphabet in its written form. Contradicting ideologies have made it impossible for Cypriots to settle on an official and common orthographic system, which has led to a rich variety of typographic conventions and many significant typographic drawbacks. This study aims to introduce a new set of typographic characters for the representation of the palato-alveolar GCD consonants that would provide ideal reading conditions for users (Unger, 2007; Noordzij, 2005; Bringhurst, 2005), while taking into consideration their political and cultural stances and needs. The new typographic system has been tested in two rounds of action research, providing both quantitative and qualitative data. The results show that the proposed system satisfies both the design and linguistic criteria of a successful written system as proposed by Sebba (2007), namely phonological accuracy, simplicity and readability.
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Kim, Ronald I. "Greco-Armenian." Indogermanische Forschungen 123, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 247–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2018-0009.
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Abstract It has been generally held since the beginning of the 20th century that Armenian is more closely related to Greek than to any other Indo-European branch. A more recent minority opinion posits an especially close relationship between Greek and Armenian, even going so far as to assume a period of Greco-Armenian unity. Following upon recent publications, above all Clackson 1994, this paper argues that the available evidence does not at all support this stronger hypothesis. In contrast to the lexical innovations common to Greek and Armenian, the phonological isoglosses shared by the two languages are extremely few and of an easily repeatable nature. The morphological features claimed as shared innovations may likewise represent independent developments and/or have parallels in other Indo-European branches, whereas other features of verbal morphology rather appear to connect Armenian with Indo-Iranian or Balto-Slavic. These considerations suggest that pre-Armenian belonged to a dialect continuum encompassing the ancestors of Greek, Phrygian, and Indo-Iranian for some time after the breakup of Proto-Indo-European, but made up a distinct speech community already by the late 3rd millennium BC.
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Terkourafi, Marina. "Understanding the present through the past." Diachronica 22, no. 2 (December 7, 2005): 309–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.22.2.04ter.
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Studies of Greek as spoken today in Cyprus draw attention to a generalised variety of Cypriot Greek, free from local variation within the island, yet diverging in several ways from the standard spoken on the mainland. In this article, I attempt first to classify this variety, examining whether it exhibits structural and sociohistorical characteristics of koinés. Having established today's generalised Cypriot variety as a koiné, I then trace its evolution, arguing that an early koiné already came into existence in the late 14th c., playing an important role in the formation of both the modern Cypriot dialect and today's koiné.
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Trudgill, Peter. "The Sociophonetics of /l/ in the Greek of Sphakiá." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 15, no. 2 (July 1989): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300002942.
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In most varieties of modern Greek, the consonant /l/ is typically a “clear” [l] in most environments, as in /ala/ [ala] αλλ⋯ ‘but’; but with positional variation involving also palatalised and/or palatal variants, as in /skili/ [skiļi] σχυλ⋯ ‘dog’. In a number of areas of northern Greece, velarised [⃒]-type pronunciations may also be found, as they may also be in those areas of Attica and Biotia where Albanian/Greek bilingualism is or has been common (see Trudgill & Tzavaras 1975 – most varieties of Albanian have a phonemic contrast between /l/ and /l/). In his book The Generative Interpretation of Dialect (1972), however, Brian Newton also points out that ‘in the Sphakiá area of Crete /l/ has a retroflex pronunciation before back vowels’. This feature is also cited by Kondosopoulos (1959, 1969, 1974) and Pangalos (1955), who also mention some other areas of Crete where a similar phenomenon occurs. (Following Kondosopoulos and Pangalos, Newton also indicates that /l/ → Ø or /l/ → /w/ in certain Cretan villages.)
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Hill, Jane H. "Lukas D. Tsitsipis. A linguistic anthropology of praxis and language shift: Arvanítika (Albanian) and Greek in contact. (Oxford Studies in Language Contact.) Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Pp. xi, 163. Hb. $78.00." Language in Society 32, no. 2 (February 25, 2003): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503212069.
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Tsitsipis's valuable and sophisticated linguistic-anthropological study reports on research conducted over a number of years in two Albanian-speaking communities in southern Greece, Spáta in the district of Attika, and Kiriáki in the district of Biotia. These towns historically spoke Arvanítika, a Tosk dialect of Albanian. Although both communities date at least to the fourteenth century, they contrast sharply in that the first is very close to Athens, while the second is in a mountainous, isolated area. Kiriáki has a younger generation of fluent Arvanítika speakers, but language shift to Greek is advanced in both communities – shaped, according to Tsitsipis, not only by economic changes involving improved transportation and communication, the mechanization of agriculture, and urbanization, which have accelerated since the 1950s, but also by the ideological formations associated with the consolidation of the Greek nation-state, dating from the mid-19th century. The latter process focused symbolically on the exaltation of the heritage of the Greeks, and especially of their language. While adding considerable nuance to our understanding of the situation, Tsitsipis confirms the findings of Eric Hamp (1978:161–62; quoted by Tsitsipis on p. 11) that Arvanítika speakers “unflinchingly and happily accept the axioms that Greek is the oldest culture, Greek literature the first … and the Greek language the oldest, the richest … the only one with a true grammar.
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Georgakopoulos, Thanasis, Eliese-Sophia Lincke, Kiki Nikiforidou, and Anna Piata. "On the polysemy of motion verbs in Ancient Greek and Coptic." Studies in Language 44, no. 1 (May 6, 2020): 27–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.18047.geo.
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Abstract In this paper, we propose a constructional analysis of the meanings of two generic motion verbs in Ancient Greek and Coptic (Sahidic dialect), the verbs baínō and bôk, respectively, both of which are glossed as ‘go’ and are characterized by extensive polysemy. We argue that an adequate analysis of these meanings can only be achieved in a framework that recognizes lexical constructions at the level of the verb sense, showing that each meaning correlates with encoding features (ranging from morpho-syntactic to semantic, discursive, and lexical ones) that are not predictable, or at best are only partially motivated. Through extensive corpus analysis, we identify such significant, frequency-based patterns of correlation, each of which represents a lexical construction. Our data thus argue strongly for an approach to polysemy in which individual meanings are represented as enriched lexical constructions, which include morphological and discursive specifications (in addition to standard valence information).
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Klimova, Ksenia. "Language as the main element of the ethnic identity of the Pontic Greeks in the cyber space." Centre of Linguocultural Research Balcanica. Proceedings of Round Tables, no. 6 (2018): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0842.2018.8.
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The paper makes an attempt to research the consolidating ethnic communities in popular social networks on the example of the “Vkontakte” network. The main elements of the basic ethnic identity of the Pontic Greeks in the social media publics are the ethnic language (Modern Greek or Pontic dialect), music and dances, specific dishes of national cuisine, religion, and characteristics of the family-clan organization. The Pontic dialect is used to create the most popular memes. The language choice for a meme depends on the specific features of the image used as a basis. A large number of young subscribers have a command of Pontic dialect, and can show not only a passive knowledge of common phrases, but also can comment on memes in the discussion that develops in the dialect.
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Themistocleous, Charalambos. "The Nature of Phonetic Gradience across a Dialect Continuum: Evidence from Modern Greek Vowels." Phonetica 74, no. 3 (2017): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000450554.
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Kisilier, Maxim. "Lexical peculiarities of the Tsakonian dialect of Modern Greek: Preliminary observations and perspectives of study." Вопросы языкознания, no. 1 (February 2017): 105–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0373658x0000951-5.
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Dmitriev, Sviatoslav. "John Lydus’ knowledge of Latin and language politics in sixth-century Constantinople." Byzantinische Zeitschrift 111, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bz-2018-0003.
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Abstract This article contextualizes an old debate about the extent of knowledge of Latin by John Lydus, a state official and an erudite from sixth-century Constantinople, within a broader issue of the role of Latin in early Byzantium. It is argued here that Lydus’ startling etymological explanations had no relation to his level of knowledge of Latin, but reflected the declining official use of Latin in Byzantium by resurrecting the theory about Latin as a dialect of Greek.
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Sumarsih, Sumarsih. "Analysis of the Similarity of Batak Language in Samosir Regency (Study Case: Nainggolan, Harian, and Otlan Runggu Sub-District)." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 2, no. 4 (November 5, 2019): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v2i4.499.
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Haryadi (2015) stated that dialect comes from the Greek word dialectos which matches the dialect. The research was aimed to analyze the similarity of Batak language in Nainggolan, Harian, and Otlan Runggu Sub- District Samosir Regency, North Sumatera. The research conducted descriptive qualitative research. The research was conducted by using interview and recording as the technique of collecting data.The data were obtained from the society of Nainggolan, Harian, and Otlan Runggu Sub- District Samosir Regency, North Sumatera. The result of the research showed that Nainggolan, Harian, and Otlan Runggu have the similarity in Batak language use. There is no the difference of them even though those regions are in different sub-districts.
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Papadopoulou, Elena, Evelina Leivada, and Natalia Pavlou. "Acceptability judgments in bilectal populations." Linguistic Variation 14, no. 1 (November 25, 2014): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.14.1.05pap.
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This paper investigates the gradient nature of acceptability judgements and grammatical variants in the bilectal population of Cyprus, by comparatively discussing the findings of two recent experiments on (i) exhaustivity effects in Cypriot Greek clefts and embu ‘it is that’-structures (Leivada et al. 2013) and (ii) clitic placement and how it is affected by lexical and syntactic stimulation (Papadopoulou et al. 2014). The analysis lays emphasis on the intra-dialectal variation observed across speakers’ performance in both experiments. Variation is discussed in relation to socio-syntactic aspects of language use, such as (i) the existence of competing grammars (Tsiplakou 2007, in press) and competing motivations (Grohmann & Leivada 2012, to appear) in bilectal environments such as the one in Cyprus, (ii) the notion of gradience existent within a dialect–standard continuum (e.g. Cornips 2006 for Dutch, Leivada et al. 2013 for Greek), and (iii) syntactic/semantic factors that inform our participants’ performance. Keywords: acceptability judgments; clefts; clitics; Cypriot Greek; gradience; embu; exhaustivity; competing grammars
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Grohmann, Kleanthes K., Maria Kambanaros, Evelina Leivada, and Natalia Pavlou. "On “free” grammatical variation in a mixed lect: Clitic placement in Cypriot Greek." Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 39, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 275–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2020-2016.
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Abstract Variation involving a switch between pre- and post-verbal placement of pronominal object clitics in a single syntactic environment within a language is unexpected. The rationale why this would not be expected is clear: Languages pattern as either proclitic or enclitic with respect to object clitic placement, possibly allowing one or the other option across different syntactic environments. We provide an overview of our research from data collected in Cyprus, related to the development and use of pronominal object clitics for child populations and adult speakers that are bilectal in Cypriot and Standard Modern Greek. While it has been shown that the tested bilectal populations receive exposure to more than one distinct grammar, including mixed grammars with optional choices for clitic placement, an important question remains unaddressed: Is variation really “free” across all speakers or are there universally reliable predictors (such as gender, age, or level of education) that mediate a consistent use of either the standard or the dialect? Combining insights from targeted elicitation tasks administered to different groups, a corpus of spontaneous speech, and an extensive literature review, we show the weakness of such purported predictors and support a claim of free variation.
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Stokolos, Nadiya. "Greek-Catholic and Roman Catholic Relations in the Austro-Hungarian Empire: the Problem of Latinization and Ukrainization." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 16 (December 5, 2000): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2000.16.1111.
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Although the Greek Catholic Church was not a decisive factor in national self-determination in Galicia, it made a significant contribution to overcoming the crisis of national identity in the nineteenth century. The Eastern rite was one of the most advanced factors that distinguished Greek Catholics from Roman Catholics, Ukrainians from the Poles. Language differences were not so great as to distinguish Galician Ukrainians from Galician Poles. Both languages borrowed so much from one another over centuries that became mutually comprehensible, close, that threatened the Rusyns (Ukrainians) of Galicia not only linguistic, but also ethnic assimilation. At the beginning of the nineteenth century. The most comprehensible thing was the interpretation of the Rusyn (Ukrainian) language of the Galician as a dialect of the Polish. Therefore, in the nineteenth century. an attempt was made to force the Ukrainians to switch to the Latin alphabet.
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Thompson, R. J. E. "THE VENTRIS–CHADWICK CORRESPONDENCE AND THE DECIPHERMENT OF LINEAR B: A DENIER, A DISSENTER AND A DUBIOUS CONCLUSION." Cambridge Classical Journal 65 (September 25, 2019): 173–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1750270519000058.
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The correspondence between Michael Ventris and John Chadwick, housed in the Mycenaean Epigraphy Room in the Faculty of Classics, Cambridge, provides valuable insights into the decipherment of Linear B and the collaboration between the two men which produced first ‘Evidence for Greek dialect in the Mycenaean archives’ (Ventris and Chadwick (1953)) and then Documents in Mycenaean Greek (Ventris and Chadwick (1956)). The letters also reveal interesting information about the relationship between Ventris and Chadwick and other scholars of the day. This article examines their relationship with Arthur Beattie, who never accepted the decipherment, and Leonard R. Palmer, who disagreed fundamentally with many of their interpretations of the texts. A file of correspondence containing letters from 1956, discovered only after the publication of Andrew Robinson's biography of Ventris (Robinson (2002)), casts doubt on the conclusion that, perhaps in part owing to difficulties with Palmer, Ventris had lost interest in Linear B immediately before his death.
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Kamusella, Tomasz. "The History of the Normative Opposition of “Language versus Dialect”: From Its Graeco-Latin Origin to Central Europe’s Ethnolinguistic Nation-States." Colloquia Humanistica, no. 5 (December 17, 2016): 164–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/ch.2016.011.
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The History of the Normative Opposition of “Language versus Dialect”: From Its Graeco-Latin Origin to Central Europe’s Ethnolinguistic Nation-StatesThe concept of “a language” (Einzelsprache, that is, one of many extant languages) and its opposition to “dialect” (considered as a “non-language,” and thus subjugable to an already recognized language merely as “its” dialect) is the way people tend to think about languages in the West today. It appears to be a value-free, self-evident conception of the linguistic position. So much so that the concept of “language” was included neither in Immanuel Kant’s system of categories, nor in the authoritative Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe: Historisches Lexikon zur politisch sozialen Sprache in Deutschland. This paper sketches the rise of the “dialect vs language” opposition in classical Greek, its transposition onto classical Latin, and its transfer, through medieval and renaissance Latin, to the early modern period. On the way, the Greek and Latin terms for “language” (and also for “dialect”) sometimes functioned as synonyms for peoples (that is, ethnic groups), which – importantly – contributed to the rise of the normative equation of language with nation in the early nineteenth century. It was the beginning of the ethnolinguistic kind of nationalism that prevails to this day in Central Europe. Dzieje normatywnej dychotomii języka i dialektu: Od greko-łacińskich źródeł po państwa etnicznojęzykowe Europy ŚrodkowejPojęcie języka jako jednego z wielu (Einzelsprache) stawiane w diametralnej opozycji do „dialektu” (czyli „nie-języka”, który normatywnie musi zostać przyporządkowany jakiemuś już wcześniej uznanemu językowi jako jeden z jego dialektów) stanowi formę pojęciową, poprzez pryzmat której postrzega się języki i dyskutuje o nich we współczesnym świecie Zachodu. Z powodu powszechnego uznania owa forma pojęciowa wydaje się tak oczywista i wolna od nacechowania ideologicznego, że Immanuel Kant nie uwzględnił języka w zaproponowanym przez siebie systemie kategorii filozoficznych, podobnie jak i autorzy niezmiernie wpływowego dzieła z zakresu historiografii i socjologii politycznej o znamiennym tytule Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe: Historisches Lexikon zur politisch sozialen Sprache in Deutschland. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiam wyłonienie się opozycji języka wobec dialektu w starożytnej grece oraz jego recepcję na gruncie łaciny od starożytności rzymskiej po okres nowożytny. W ciągu wieków utarło się używanie greckich i łacińskich terminów w odniesieniu do „języka” jako synonimów na określenie ludów (czy też grup etnicznych), co we wczesnym XIX stuleciu silnie wpłynęło na wykształcenie się normatywnego zrównania języka z narodem. Stanowiło to początek fenomenu znanego pod nazwą „nacjonalizmu etnicznojęzykowego”, który na poziomie państw dominuje po dziś dzień w całej Europie Środkowej.
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Rusnak, Natalia, and Yulia Rusnak. "BORROWINGS IN THE LEXICAL SYSTEM OF YUZHINETS DIALECT OF THE KITZMAN DISTRICT OF CHERNOVTSI REGION." Ezikov Svyat volume 18 issue 2, ezs.swu.v18i2 (June 30, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v18i2.3.
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In modern society there are two ambivalent trends – globalization and humanization. In the humanization line we observe an interest to such linguistic fields as dialectology. Research of dialect speech has become especially relevant. Nowadays dictionaries and monographic descriptions of individual dialects are made. The village Yuzhinets of the Kitsmansky district of the Chernivtsi region as part of Northern Bukovina has passed a difficult historical path. The course of historical events left traces in the vocabulary of Bukovinian dialects. A specific feature of Yuzhinets dialect vocabulary is borrowed dialectisms. In Yuzhinets dialect a lot of dialectisms which were borrowed from the Romanian, Polish, German languages function; they also have preserved the Turkic, Greek, Latin, Russian, Czech and Bulgarian elements. A large number of Yuzhinets dialectisms of the Kitsmansky district of the Chernivtsi region are original Ukrainian words whose source is the Pre-Slavic language, which testify to a single linguisticshaped world of the Ukrainian nation. Among the borrowed dialectisms of the village of Yuzhinets we can distinguish several groups: words which were borrowed with the same meaning and adapted to the phonetic and grammatical patterns of the dialect language; words, whose meaning was changed and adapted by the lexico-semantic dialect system. Some dialecticisms have come a long way in forming, getting from one language to another, changing their meaning. For some borrowed dialectictisms of the village of Yuzhinets the Bulgarian language has become an intermediary language.
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Ndreu, Irena. "Venetians in Arberia and the Role of Venetian Language in Everyday Communication." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/ajis.2017.v6n1p125.
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Abstract This paper aims at presenting a comprehensive overview of Venetian Albanians and the interplay of Venetian language in their everyday communication. In the everyday relations between authorities and the inhabitants of this province, language became a barrier to understanding at a basic level. The local Roman language spoken over e long period of time in Arbëria was slowly substituted by the Venetian dialect. Patricians had knowledge of it before the Venetian period, since otherwise they would haveb had to rely on translators or soldiers and common clerks who were bilingual. Other language problems Venetians faced with language concerned Serbian in translation offices, a language widely used in Arbëria. It is most likely that there was such an office in Shkodra where in 1409, Ginus Juban, aka Gjin Jubani, appears as a translator. Although he bears a typical Arbër name, it cannot absolutely be stated what his official language was. The superiority of the Venetian language in the judicial and commercial areas had an effect in the Arbëria language as well. Serbian, which had played an important role under the Balshajs among bishops as their official language, became exctinct with the fall of these states. Greek was marginalized from Durrës to further south, where there were found islands of Greek settlements around the city of Vlora.
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Georgiou, Vasiliki. "Competing discourses in the debate on place names in Cyprus." Journal of Language and Politics 9, no. 1 (April 9, 2010): 140–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.9.1.07geo.
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This paper discusses discourses around language and nation as articulated in a public debate on the orthography of place names in Cyprus, triggered during the implementation stage of the standardisation/transliteration process in the 1990s. Adopting a language ideologies framework, the discussion is based on two related premises, first, language debates are indexical of deeper social conflicts and are deeply seated in the history and politics of a specific territory/community, and second, the discourses drawn upon to support/contest a particular orthographic convention are loaded with political, moral and/or historical concerns. I argue that the debate in question can be conceptualised as (partially) the outcome of a conflict between different constructions of a political discourse, here identified as national and community discourses. The focus here is on the different rationalisations of language and identity each of these entails and on their implications for (i) the inclusion/exclusion of the Cypriot Greek dialect from the standardisation process, (ii) the symbolic inclusion/exclusion of the Other from constructions of Greek Cypriot identity. The data consists of a corpus of newspaper texts covering the period of the peak of the debate, 1994–1995. For the analysis, I draw selectively on insights and tools from discourse analytical work in the traditions of linguistic anthropology and CDA to examine discursive links between language, place names and issues such as history, identity and tradition.
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Montanari, Simona. "Sammarinese, the Endangered Language of the Republic of San Marino: A Preliminary Study of Documentation and Description." Dialectologia et Geolinguistica 26, no. 1 (November 27, 2018): 57–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dialect-2018-0004.
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Abstract This paper presents the results of a preliminary study of documentation and description of Sammarinese, a peripheral variety of Romagnol spoken in the Republic of San Marino. Despite having been the country’s primary oral language for almost 1,000 years, Sammarinese is on the verge of extinction today as universal education and economic development have caused language shift to Italian beginning from the 1960s. A corpus of primary oral language data was collected from 17 informants in the form of semi-structured interviews with the goal of creating an archive of oral language histories in Sammarinese. These data, together with a corpus of vernacular and folkloric literature, served as the database for a descriptive analysis of some of the major phonological and morphosyntactic traits of the language. The results confirm Sammarinese’s status as a borderline Romagnol variety. However, the findings also reveal a language that stands apart from neighboring varieties due to complex historical and geographical factors, including a Celtic substratum from the pre-Roman and Roman times, a Byzantine Greek heritage and Lombard/ Germanic influence from the second half of the first millennium, and a geographic position that resulted in linguistic isolation from the vernaculars spoken in the Central Romagnol plain.
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Nevaci, Manuela. "Concordances romanes et convergences balcano-romanes dans les dialects roumains sud-danubiens. Aspects phonétiques, morphologiques et syntaxiques." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 65, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2020.4.19.
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"Romance Concordances and Balcano-Romance Convergences in the South-Danubian Romanian Dialects. Phonetic, Morphological, and Syntactic Aspects. This paper proposes to emphasise the linguistic similarities of South-Danubian Romanian dialects (Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, Istro-Romanian) spoken in Albania, Croatia, R. of North Macedonia, Greece and Romania from the perspective of Romance and Balkan elements. We will take into consideration lexical aspects, from the point of view of linguistic contact with Balkan languages, as well as Romance elements that define these historical dialects of common Romanian. Our exposition is based on the broader theme of the relationship between genealogic (Romance features inherited from Latin, speaking of concordances in the Romance languages) and areal (convergences between the Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian dialects of the Romanian language and the languages spoken in the Balkan area). Through the presence of the Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian dialects of Romanian in the Balkans, creating a bridge between Romània and Balkan, a convergence was attained on the one hand with the Romance languages, and, on the other, with Greek, Albanian North Macedonian as Balkan languages. Keywords: South Danubian Romanian dialects, Aromanian dialect, Megleno-Romanian dialect, Istro-Romanian dialect, morphological and syntax dialectal system."
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Judson, Anna P. "Orthographic variation as evidence for the development of the Linear B writing system." Written Language and Literacy 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.00025.jud.
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Abstract This paper investigates the issue of orthographic variation in the Linear B writing system in order to explore ways in which studying a writing system’s orthographic conventions may shed light on the history of its development. Linear B was used in the palatial/administrative centres of Late Bronze Age Greece and Crete (c.1400–1200 B.C.E.) and records an early Greek dialect known as ‘Mycenaean’. The writing system’s structure and orthographic conventions permit flexibility in the spelling of particular phonological sequences: this paper discusses the varying orthographic representation of such sequences and shows that synchronic variation is common or even the norm in many cases. Investigating the factors which underlie this variation demonstrates the potential for a study of synchronic variation to illuminate a writing system’s diachronic development; it also underlines the importance of analysing the ways in which writers actually choose to use writing systems in order to fully understand their development.
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Wyatt, William F. "Homer's linguistic forebears." Journal of Hellenic Studies 112 (November 1992): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/632164.
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M. L. West has recently presented a magisterial account of the history of Greek epic in which Aeolic phases and other entities are assumed. His account is the more impressive because it combines linguistic features skilfully handled with an account of the thematic development of epic, and also specifies at what stages the various linguistic features entered the tradition. West assumes an Aeolic phase, or phases, of heroic epic composition, and accounts for the presence of Aeolic forms (162): ‘It has usually been inferred that they are just a residue left after Ionian poets had adapted an Aeolic poetic language into their own dialect as far as it would go. This is, I have no doubt, the correct interpretation.’ I think it is not.
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Afanasyeva, Tatiana I., and Tatiana V. Burilkina. "Vatican Psalter Vat. slav. 8: Paleographic, linguistic, and textual features of the manuscript." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 18, no. 1 (2021): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2021.101.
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The article describes the graphic and orthographic features of the unique Old Russian Psalter stored in the Vatican Apostolic Library (under the code Vat. slav. 8). This codex has practically not attracted the attention of researchers because it was difficult to access. It is now available on the Internet and can be fully studied. The Psalter was written by a highly qualified scribe who developed a special font for his manuscript — a half-letter, built following certain principles as the study showed. The orthography of the manuscript is focused on the ancient Russian norms of the 16th century. However, it has very important innovations: superscripts appear that imitate a slight Greek aspiration, as well as the writing of omega and “uk” in the South Slavic manner. The localization and dating of the manuscript have been clarified. It was written no earlier than the 1420s as evidenced by the special “bead” initials, as well as the spelling of omega with a high center. Some features of the Central Russian dialect can be traced in the scribe’s writing. The codex was brought to Italy by Metropolitan Isidore who fled from Moscow (from the Chudov Monastery) in September 1441 with many other Greek and Slavonic manuscripts. As a result, this Manuscript can be associated with the scribes of this monastery. A small format of the Vat. slav. 8 suggests that this was a travel book. Apparently, the scribe created this manuscript for personal needs. He included a number of rare church services in the codex, in particular, the unique Tuesday church service of the akathist of the Blessed Virgin Mary according to the charter of Mount Athos.
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Bowie, A. M. "(S.) Colvin Dialect in Aristophanes and the Politics of Language in Ancient Greek Literature. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999. Pp. xii + 347. £55.50. 0198152493." Journal of Hellenic Studies 123 (November 2003): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3246280.
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Литвин, Евгения Александровна. "Greek Songs of Southern Italy: Music Festivals as an Ethnocultural Marker of the Region." ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, no. 1 (April 24, 2021): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2021.22.1.008.
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В статье автор анализирует способы конструирования территориального «брендинга» деревень Салентийского полуострова (Южная Италия) во время музыкальных и театрально-поэтических представлений, содержащих тексты на локальном диалекте греческого языка. Наличие этнолингвистического анклава на территории региона является одним из факторов привлечения туристов при условии, что последние знают о его существовании. Поэтому стратегии репрезентации этноязыкового меньшинства во время различных культурных мероприятий напрямую зависят от целевой аудитории зрителей. В процессе включенного наблюдения на концертах и фестивалях, проходивших на Салентийском полуострове и за его пределами в 2014-2018 гг., были выделены три основные репрезентативные стратегии. Целью проведения мероприятия для представителей локального сообщества оказывается укрепление ослабленных связей между его членами. Во время представлений акцентируются связи между прошлым и настоящим деревни или между ее пространством и ее обитателями. Кроме того, такого рода мероприятия служат языковым активистам способом напомнить землякам о необходимости поддерживать локальную культуру. Во время представлений, направленных на «внешнюю» публику, ключевой стратегией оказывается информирование ее о наличии в регионе элементов греческих деревень и демонстрация их культурного наследия. Если же мероприятие проводится в географически удаленном месте, то наблюдается тенденция к использованию более знакомых образов, используя для этого музыкальные и хореографические традиции Греции, которая выступает здесь в роли своего рода «культурной метрополии». The article focuses on the methods of territorial “branding” in villages of the Salentian Peninsula (Southern Italy) by examining musical, theatrical and poetic performances that contain texts in the local Greek dialect. The presence of an ethnolinguistic enclave in the region is one of the factors attracting tourists, provided that the latter are aware of its existence; the strategy for representing this ethnolinguistic minority at various cultural events directly depends on the target audience. The fieldwork held on the Salentine Peninsula. The goal of holding an event for the local community is to strengthen the ties among its members. Here the main emphasis is put on the connections between past and present, and the local area and its inhabitants. In addition, such events serve as a way for language activists to remind fellow countrymen about the need to maintain local culture. During performances aimed at an “outside” audience, the main strategy is to inform them about the presence of Greek elements in the region and demonstrate their cultural heritage. If the event is held in a place geographically remote from the Salentine Peninsula, there is a tendency to use more familiar images, using musical and choreographic traditions of the Greek motherland.
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Mahal, Dr Ramandeep, and Ms Tanu Bura. "Dialect, Class struggle and Immigration in The Lonely Londoners, Saturday Night and Sunday Morning and Room At the Top." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 09 (September 2, 2021): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/09507.
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This paper addresses a little piece of a lot more extensive undertaking looking at the connections between working class and migrant writing which will frame a piece of my thesis. I will discuss the employments of lingo, class struggle and interesting differences in these books from the 1950s – John Braine’s Room At the Top (1957), Alan Sillitoe’s Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1958) and Sam Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners (1956). I’ll begin with reference to a novel from the very period that maintains a strategic distance from broad utilization of tongue, prior to going to how these creators use vernacular and standard English alongside one another, just as set against one another, prior to getting done with an endeavor to historicize their employments of lingo. English the most prevalent language of the world has evolved with times influenced by German about 30%, Latin 30%, French 25%, Greek 5% and other languages about 10%. Surprisingly London alone has 300 other different languages spoken and they all influence add to the further development of Lingo and communication.
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Sowińska, Agata. "Znaczenie Egiptu w apokaliptyce – Λόγος Τέλειος /Asclepius (NHC VI, 8: 70,3-76,1; Ascl. 24-27)." Vox Patrum 57 (June 15, 2012): 551–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4152.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this paper was to present the Egyptian land in two apocalyptic texts both written in a Coptic language. First – the Apocalypse of Elijah (written in two Coptic dialectical versions: Sahidic and Achmimic) – shows a typical biblical meaning of Egypt as a place full of pain, death and fear. On the other hand, in the Codex VI of the Nag Hammadi Library there is the Apocalypse which gives us quite different image of that part of African land. This very Apocalypse is called the Apocalypse of Hermes Trismegistos or the Hermetic Apocalypse (written in Sahidic dialect and partly in the ancient Greek, whole test is composed in a Latin version and attributed to Ps-Apuleius of Madaura). Here, Egypt seems to be a paradise – image of heaven, land of gods and beautiful temples. But suddenly, that peaceful part of the world turns into “hell” with death, blood and pain – just like in the Apocalypse of Elijah. Our purpose was to analyze those two Coptic Apocalypse, compare the results and finally, try to find the answer on the basic questions: Egypt – heaven or hell? Could it be that this land was full of blood because of monotheistic religion?