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Journal articles on the topic 'Greek language'
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1
Jones, D. M. "Greek Language." أوراق کلاسیکیة 1, no. 1 (October 1, 1991): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/acl.1991.101301.
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Huseynova, H. "Words of Turkic origin in ancient Greek." Turkic Studies Journal 2, no. 3 (2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2020-2-3-35.
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The article notes the functioning of turkisms in many languages of the world, including Greek, English, French, Russian and other languages. It is known that the Turks established socio-political and cultural ties with many ancient peoples, and sometimes settled on the territories of these peoples or in areas close to them. Such areal contacts caused language and lexical borrowings. N.A. Baskakov in the book “Russian surnames of Turkish origin”, wrote that the origins of 300 noble Russian families go back to Turkic roots, including genealogy and the scientist A.Kh. Khalikov notes numerous Turkic words in the Russian language. In the book “500 generations of Turkish-Bulgarian-Tatar origin, known as Russian”, he explores 500 surnames of Turkic origin. In the book “Turks in the ancestral roots of the Russians” also gives information about the origin of the Turks and the Turkic generations, known as the Russian generation. According to Chingiz Aitmatov, one third of Russian words are Turkic. Similar language Turkish loanwords are observed in ancient Greek and modern Greek, which is the subject of this article. According to some researchers, the Indo-European languages on the territory of the Balkan Peninsula appeared thanks to the Greeks. Even in ancient times, researchers noted that in the territory of modern Greece once lived people who did not speak the Indo-European language, which is approximately 2500 BC. The era of 2500-1600 BC is associated with the Hittites, later the Greeks settled on the territory of Hellas. According to some researchers, the most ancient inhabitants of the territory of Ancient Greece were the traki, whose language was later assimilated with the language of the hittites, and then the Greeks. In ancient scandinavian sources, there are relics of the language of tracts belonging to the Western branch of the proturks, which is confirmed by the praturkian vocabulary and onomastics. The Greek-Turkic language substrata and units imprinted in ancient Greek confirm the presence of Turkic loanwords, which have not lost their relevance in modern language contacts between Turkish and Greek.
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Skelton, Christina. "Greek-Anatolian Language Contact and the Settlement of Pamphylia." Classical Antiquity 36, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 104–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2017.36.1.104.
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The Ancient Greek dialect of Pamphylia shows extensive influence from the nearby Anatolian languages. Evidence from the linguistics of Greek and Anatolian, sociolinguistics, and the historical and archaeological record suggest that this influence is due to Anatolian speakers learning Greek as a second language as adults in such large numbers that aspects of their L2 Greek became fixed as a part of the main Pamphylian dialect. For this linguistic development to occur and persist, Pamphylia must initially have been settled by a small number of Greeks, and remained isolated from the broader Greek-speaking community while prevailing cultural attitudes favored a combined Greek-Anatolian culture.
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Axatovna, Safina Farida, and Baymatov Abduaziz Abdujabbarovich. "WHY LATIN LANGUAGE IS FUNDAMENTAL IN STUDYING EUROPEAN LANGUAGES." American Journal of Philological Sciences 3, no. 12 (December 1, 2023): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume03issue12-16.
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The development of language is a fascinating study. The ancient Chinese and Egyptians used pictographic languages which took years for the priests and scholars to master. The common working citizen had no time for such study and so remained powerless and able to be exploited. About 1500BC the Phoenicians developed a phonetic alphabet which could be used by the common merchants to conduct their trading businesses. The Greeks learned it from them and further developed it by adding vowels. This phonetic alphabet made people think differently. It encouraged analysis and the developmentof awhole written language of interchangeable components.All the languages that developed from the Latin and Greek root vocabularies function like that. If we don’t teach the root meaning of those components, we burden ourselves with the task of learning thousands of individual English words as wholes. By studying Latin can master the components of many languages, including English.
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Anson, Edward M. "Greek Ethnicity and the Greek Language." Glotta 85, no. 1-4 (August 2009): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/glot.2009.85.14.5.
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Jeffreys, Michael. "The Greek Language." Classical Review 49, no. 1 (April 1999): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/49.1.137.
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Van Steen, Gonda A. H. "THE GREEK LANGUAGE." Classical Review 53, no. 1 (April 2003): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/53.1.89.
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Klimova, Ksenia, and Inna Nikitina. "Traditional culture of the Romaioi Greeks and Urumlar Greeks (on the materials of the ethnolinguistic expedition to the Greeks of Caucasus Mineral Waters region)." Slavic Almanac, no. 3-4 (2023): 302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2023.3-4.15.
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This paper presents the materials collected during an ethnolinguistic expedition to the Greeks of Caucasus Mineral Waters region in January 2023. The Greek population of this area consists of two language groups: the Urumlar Greeks, who speak the Turkic dialect, and the Romaioi Greeks, who speak the Pontic dialect of the Greek language. The nominations of these two groups and their languages are analyzed in this paper. It also includes a brief historical background on the resettlement of the Greeks to the Russian Empire and describes the current state of the social and cultural life of the diaspora. The main goal of the expedition was to fix the vocabulary of funeral and memorial rituals in the Turkic and Pontic dialects. The lexemes and expressions in two languages are presented in this paper. Many lexemes of the Pontic dialect are unique, having no analogues in the Modern Greek language: for example, λυτρία (litria) ‘wake’ or σκώστικα (skόstika) ‘memorial dinner’. The vocabulary used for the nomination of mythological characters is also considered in this paper. It is noted that among the Pontic-speaking population, narratives about mythological characters are practically lost.
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*B. E. Kenges. "HYBRID TERMS IN THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TERMINOLOGY OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Philology series, no. 3,2023 (September 29, 2023): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/wvxp9918.
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"The article examines hybrid words in the field of information technology terminology. Since information technology terminology is produced in English, the English language now influences all languages globally. Besides Kazakh, there are other languages that draw heavily from the English vocabulary. However, it is a truth worth acknowledging that the English language has acquired loan terms from nearly 300 languages. The most prevalent of those are derived from Latin, Greek, and French. This research paper highlights the classifications of researchers regarding borrowed words. From an etymological perspective, the article explores the existence of words in Kazakh that represent a hybrid of two languages. The hybrid words are created by merging Kazakh words or Kazakh language endings with phrases from another language. Primarily, all borrowed words from a foreign language are adapted to the linguistic specifics of the Russian language which is the dominant influence on terminology. The article aims at categorizing hybrid terms into kinds depending on the languages into which the borrowed words were imported. It was determined that hybrid words were generated by merging the roots and endings of Greek-Latin, Greek-Latin-Kazakh, English-Kazakh, French-Kazakh, Arabic-Kazakh, Greek-Arabic, Greek-Arabic-Kazakh, Persian-Greek-Kazakh, Persian-Latin-Kazakh, Greek-Persian, Latin-Persian, and Persian-Kazakh. The paper also discusses the linguistic characteristics of hybrid terms in Kazakh. Keywords: hybrid terms, loan words, Information Technology, terminology, term "
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Gülsün, Umut. "Voice in Istanbul Greek: A Language Contact Explanation." Proceedings of the Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic 6, no. 1 (December 19, 2021): 5059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/ptu.v6i1.5059.
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The aim of this research is analyzing Voice-related constructions in Istanbul Greek, namely anticausative and passive predicates, and addressing the synchronic differences between the Istanbul dialect and Standard Greek in terms of these constructions from a language-contact perspective. As a morphosyntactic analysis of Istanbul Greek, this research is the first of its kind, and is based on data collected from native speakers, namely the Istanbul Greeks. Voice-related constructions in Greek involve regular use of non-active morphology. Hence, the empirical domain of this research covers the use of non-active morphology in Istanbul Greek. My hypothesis is that the markedness of Istanbul Greek anticausatives is correlated with the markedness of their Turkish counterparts, contrary to Standard Greek. By markedness, I refer to the existence of an overt exponent for the binary morphological distinction between active and non-active forms. I claim that language contact between Istanbul Greek and Turkish is a possible reason for the dialectal differences between Istanbul Greek and Standard Greek in terms of the marking of Voice-related constructions.In terms of setting the theoretical background for Voice-related constructions in Standard Greek, I utilized Alexiadou et al.’s (2015) work about Standard Greek marked/unmarked anticausatives. I also collected data on Standard Greek from ten speakers, which diverged from Alexiadou et al.’s (2015) explanation of Voice-related constructions in the standard dialect. For setting the linguistic background on Istanbul Greek, I utilized the study of Pandelidis (2019). To offer a morphosyntactic explanation for the dialectal differences observed in the Istanbul Greek data, I utilized language contact concepts such as interference (Thomason 2003), convergence (Clyne 2003), valency-copying (Grossman and Witzlack-Makarevich 2019), morphophonological explanations such as the presence vs. absence of an augment, and Haspelmath’s (1993) spontaneity scale, among others.
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Gorshkov, Andrey. "Persian theme in Plutarch’s works based on the episode from the treatise “On Isis and Osiris”." Litera, no. 8 (August 2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.8.36326.
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The object of this research is the cultural ties between Greeks and Persians, while the subject is the image of Persia and Persian in Plutarch's treatise “On Isis and Osiris”. The author carefully examines such aspects of the topic as the problem of barbarism, Zoroastrianism as the foundation of Persian worldview, Persians from the perspective of Plutarch, description of Persian religious rites and traditions. Special attention is turned to the problems of borrowing Persian words into the Ancient Greek language (Avestan lexemes are being modified in the Ancient Persian language, and then adapted in the Ancient Greek language). It is noted that Greek language has been influenced by the barbarian languages due to deepening ties of the Greeks with other peoples. The conclusion is made that Plutarch was sincerely fascinated with Persians and certain aspects of their worldview; he compares the sayings of the Greek philosophers and poets with Persian ontology — contrary to the stereotypical perception of the Persians as barbarians, standing below the Greeks in their development. The author’s special contribution consists in juxtaposition of the Zoroastrian doctrinal provisions with the rites and practices of the Persians described by Plutarch. The novelty of this research consists in the advanced hypothesis that explains the rich spirit in the lexeme Ὡρομάζης. The relevance this work lies in examination of interaction between the Greek and Persian worlds, which has not received due attention in the Russian philological science.
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Rexine, John E., David A. Hardy, and Terry A. Doyle. "Greek: Language and People." Modern Language Journal 69, no. 2 (1985): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/326537.
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Galiotou, E., C. Scourlas, and T. Alevizos. "The Greek Command Language." Online Review 16, no. 2 (February 1992): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb024390.
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Shim, Woo-Jin. "Hella-language or Greek?" Korean New Testament Studies 30, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 389–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.31982/knts.2023.3.30.2.389.
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Panagiotis Kaltsas, Evangelos. "Traveling With the Greek Language through Time." Sumerianz Journal of Education, Linguistics and Literature, no. 42 (June 17, 2021): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjell.42.58.61.
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Introduction. A language is the fundamental characteristic of a nation’s identity. It can unite the members of an ethic team and set them apart from the members of other ethnic teams. Aim. In this current review, the study presents the evolution of the Greek language from the ancient times, all the way up to today. Methodology. The study’s material consists of articles related to the topic, found in Greek and International και databases, the Google Scholar, and the Hellenic Academic Libraries (HEAL-Link). Results. The Greek language has been used since the third millennia B.C.. During the ancient times, it was the most widely used language in the Mediterranean Sea and South Europe. Until the fifth century B.C., the Greek language was a total of dialects. The Attica Dialect stood out from this dialectical mosaic. Then came the Hellenistic Common, which became the hegemonic language, the lingua franca of the "universe". The Hellenistic Common evolved to the Middle Ages Greek, and later the New Greek (fifth century A.D. - today). Besides, the creation of the New Greek state resulted to the gradual formation of the New Common, which will become the modern New Greek Common, under the effect of the scholar language. Conclusion. The Greek language keeps borrowing and assimilating words from other languages today, just like it did in the past, remaining unbroken for forty centuries.
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Piskizhova, Vladyslava. "Towards the Preservation and Promotion of the Cultural (Linguistic) Heritage of the North Azovian Greeks in Independent Ukraine." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 31 (December 12, 2022): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2022.31.153.
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The purpose of the paper is to research the issue of preservation and promotion of the linguistic heritage of the North Azovian Greeks – Urum and Roumean languages, to investigate the request of Ukrainian Greeks to learn Modern Greek, which is the official language of the metropolis of representatives of this ethnic community, as well as to analyze the general linguistic situation in the mentioned environment, etc. The research methodology is based on the scientific principles of historicism, objectivity and social approach using general scientific and special historical methods. The scientific research carried out allows us to state that for more than a quarter of a century of its activity (starting in 1995), thanks to the support of domestic and foreign government and public institutions, the Federation of greek communities of Ukraine worked hard towards the realization of one of its fundamental statutory tasks - popularization/preservation of linguistic heritage of the North Azovian Greeks, meeting the requests of the Greek community of Ukraine to learn the language of the metropolis, etc. The Federation of greek communities of Ukraine tried to create a favorable basis for their further functioning, and, therefore, preservation. At the same time, the request of Ukrainian Greeks to study these languages remains insignificant to this day, especially regarding the Urum and Roumean languages. The analysis of the dynamics of the request of Ukrainian Greeks for their study shows that in recent years, it was possible to observe a certain increase in the number of people willing to study the Modern Greek, and this is quite logical. It should also be noted that the original Urum and Roumean languages are currently on the verge of extinction, which was recorded in 2018 in the UNESCO Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, becoming more and more limited exclusively to the sphere of everyday communication of the older generation of the North Azovian Greeks
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Theodorou, Eleni, Maria Kambanaros, and Kleanthes K. Grohmann. "Specific language impairment in Cypriot Greek." Linguistic Variation 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.13.2.04the.
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Investigating children’s language skills in their native variety is of paramount importance. Clinical practices cannot be based on findings from languages or varieties which have different properties. This paper, after demonstrating the importance of investigating Specific Language Impairment (SLI) in Cyprus, assesses the feasibility of existing language assessments in Standard Modern Greek for the diagnosis of SLI in the Greek Cypriot context, for the children’s native variety of Cypriot Greek. In total, 16 children with SLI (5 to 9 years) and 22 age-matched typically language developing children participated in this study. However, given that not all stimuli in the Standard Greek versions were appropriate for Cypriot Greek-speaking children and because of cultural differences, the tools were adapted. Results showed that the assessment tools can accurately identify children with SLI from typically language developing peers with sensitivity and specificity when the comparison is between children that use the same variety. Keywords: acquisition; bilectalism; diagnosis; sensitivity; specificity
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Frangoudaki, Anna. "Diglossia and the present language situation in Greece: A sociological approach to the interpretation of diglossia and some hypotheses on today's linguistic reality." Language in Society 21, no. 3 (September 1992): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500015487.
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ABSTRACTIn the first part of the article, an approach to Greek diglossia is proposed, focusing on the differing social functions of the two coexisting Greek languages. The adoption of “pure” Greek in the early 19th century represented a compromise, which made possible the rejection of Ancient Greek as the official language of the new state. The language question that developed at the turn of the century represented an effort to modernize Greek culture in the context of economic and social change brought about by the rise of the bourgeoisie. Starting in the interwar period and increasingly after the civil war, “pure” Greek became associated exclusively with authoritarian politics. The language reform of 1976, which formally abolished diglossia, thus came at the end of a long process of devaluation of the official “pure” language. Yet, in recent years, a metalinguistic prophecy of language decline has received widespread acceptance. The second half of the article examines the reasons for its success and the resulting revival of the argumentation questioning Demotic Greek, and concludes that they should be attributed to a crisis of national identity. (Diglossia, language ideology, language planning, Greek)
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Nikitina, Inna, and Ksenia Klimova. "The traditional culture and the language of the “Russian Greeks” in Sochi: A review of an ethnolinguistic expedition." Slavic Almanac 2022, no. 3-4 (2022): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2022.3-4.2.06.
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The traditional culture and the language of the Greek population of Sochi in July 2022 for the first time became the subject of an ethnolinguistic study by Russian researchers. The Greek population (natives of the region of Pontus, located in modern Turkey) initially appeared in these territories in the second half of the 19th century. During the Stalin era, the number of Greeks decreased significantly, however, the language (Pontic dialect of the Greek language) and elements of traditional culture in places where Greeks were densely populated are preserved to this day. In the folk calendar, family rituals, folk mythology of the modern Greek population, there are not only common Greek elements that unite the Pontic Greeks of the diaspora with the wide “Greek world”, but also characteristic features that allow us to draw a preliminary conclusion about the preservation of archaic elements of culture (the rite of making rain “koshkotera”, etc.). Many elements of traditional culture were influenced by neighboring Slavic (Russian) and other Caucasian (Armenian, Georgian) traditions.
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Papatsimouli, Maria, Lazaros Lazaridis, Konstantinos-Filippos Kollias, Ioannis Skordas, and George F. Fragulis. "Speak with signs: Active learning platform for Greek Sign Language, English Sign Language, and their translation." SHS Web of Conferences 102 (2021): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110201008.
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Sign Language is used to facilitate the communication between Deaf and non-Deaf people. It uses signs-words with basic structural elements such as handshape, parts of face, body or space, and the orientation of the fingers-palm. Sign Languages vary from people to people and from country to country and evolve as spoken languages. In the current study, an application which aims at Greek Sign Language and English Sign Language learning by hard of hearing people and talking people, has been developed. The application includes grouped signs in alphabetical order. The user can find Greek Sign Language signs, English sign language signs and translate from Greek sign language to English sign language. The written word of each sign, and the corresponding meaning are displayed. In addition, the sound is activated in order to enable users with partial hearing loss to hear the pronunciation of each word. The user is also provided with various tasks in order to enable an interaction of the knowledge acquired by the user. This interaction is offered mainly by multiple-choice tasks, incorporating text or video. The current application is not a simple sign language dictionary as it provides the interactive participation of users. It is a platform for Greek and English sign language active learning.
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Mincu, Eugenia, and Dorina Macovei. "The neologization of the Romanian language. Terminological metaphor." Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Ştiinţe Umanistice, no. 4(174) (October 2023): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/sum4(174)2023_14.
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Within the limits of the systematicity of a language, it is possible to ,,give a concrete body to an impression that is difficult to express” (Gaston Bachelard). Borrowed terms (initial metaphors) from modern languages are considered, from a metaphorical perspective, totally neutralized. The metaphorical meaning from the original language (Greek or Latin) is almost faded. Therefore, these borrowings are subject to the process of demetaphorization. Thus, terminological neologisms reflect two chronologically distinct processes: a) the metaphorization carried out at the time of the formation of a terminology, through translations from Greek or Latin (translations from Greek and Latin languages → scientific term → metaphor); and b) the demetaphorization of the scientific term in the languages of the modern era (Greek-Latin metaphor → scientific term). The present article proposes some investigations of the terms used in medical terminology, based on the analysis of the metaphorization → demetaphorization processes.
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Chitiri, Helena-Fivi, and Dale M. Willows. "Bilingual word recognition in English and Greek." Applied Psycholinguistics 18, no. 2 (April 1997): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400009942.
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ABSTRACTThe word recognition processes of proficient bilinguals were examined in their mother tongue (Greek) and in English in relation to the linguistic and syntactic characteristics along which the two languages differ. Their processes were then compared with those of monolingual readers.The following issues were addressed: the nature of bilingual functioning, whether it is language specific, and the factors that affect second language reading development. These issues were examined within the context of a letter cancellation paradigm. The results indicated that bilingual readers performed differently in each of their two languages, conforming more the monolingual patterns in their mother tongue than to those in their second language. This discrepancy was interpreted as a lack of coordination of different word recognition skills in the second language.
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Joseph, Brian Daniel. "What is not so (E)strange about Greek as a Balkan Language." Keria: Studia Latina et Graeca 22, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/keria.22.2.57-83.
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In a 2013 lecture at Princeton University, distinguished historian Professor Basil Gounaris suggested that in the 19th‒20th centuries there was a “troubled relationship” between Greece and the Balkans, and a process of “estrangement” associated with “the transformation of the Greek-orthodox society itself into a Modern Greek nation”. This is all very well and good as far as the 19th and 20th centuries are concerned, and as far as the cultural and political side of the development of modern Greece are concerned, but there is a longer history of engagement between Greek peoples and the Balkans and other dimensions to that history. In particular, from a linguistic standpoint, the interactions between Greek speakers and speakers of other languages in the Balkans—Albanian, Slavic, Romance, Indic, and Turkish in particular—had profound effects on the Greek language that last to this very day. Accordingly, I present here a side of Greece, namely the Greek language, that is not estranged from the Balkans, and explore the ways in which Greek has been affected by, and has influenced, other Balkan languages and the ways in which it can be considered to be a Balkan language.
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Juleykhan Eminova, Vafa. "The role of borrowings in the enrichment of the English language." SCIENTIFIC WORK 56, no. 07 (August 4, 2020): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/56/28-31.
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In the enrichment of English vocabulary a great role was played by Latin, French and Greek languages. Latin and Greek words were borrowed into English specially during Renaissance when all spheres of life were in the process of development. Latin and Greek words not simply enlarged the English vocabulary but also greatly caused assimilation in the English language. Key words: borrowings, the English language, lexics
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Kim, Hyejin. "A Contrastive Study on the Lexicalization of Korean and Greek Motion Events." Studies in Modern Grammar 117 (March 25, 2023): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14342/smog.2023.117.65.
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The following research investigates the lexicalization patterns of motion events in Korean and Greek. Cross-linguistic differences in the encoding of motion events are typically attributed to differences in encoding strategies offered by languages and the limited possibilities for organizing semantic components of movement (i.e., Manner and Course). According to Talmy (1985, 2000), Korean and Modern Greek have been classified as “verb-framed languages,” although there is some disagreement among researchers regarding this classification. Korean language, while debatably not clearly belonging to the verb-framed language or some third category, generally exhibits the characteristics of a V-language. Modern Greek, on the other hand, is a language that demonstrates the coexistence of verb and satellite-framed language, sharing certain properties with satellite language systems, and is situated in an intermediate position on the typological continuum between V and S-languages. Through the research, it is confirmed that the two languages, while initially categorized as V-languages, display unique features in the lexicalization patterns of motion events. Based on the results of this study, further cross-linguistic research can be conducted to explore the individual characteristics of each language in relation to language acquisition.
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Kainada, Evia, and Angelos Lengeris. "Native language influences on the production of second-language prosody." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 45, no. 3 (December 2015): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100315000158.
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This study examined native language (L1) transfer effects on the production of second-language (L2) prosody by intermediate Greek learners of English, specifically the set of tonal events and their alignment, speech rate, pitch span and pitch level in English polar questions. Greek uses an L* L+H- L% melody giving rise to a low–high–low f0 contour at the end of the polar question that does not resemble any of the contours used by native speakers in English polar questions. The results showed that the Greek speakers transferred the full set of Greek tonal events into English associating them with stressed syllables, and consistently placed the focus on the verb. The Greek speakers also anchored the peak of the phrase accent in polar questions around the midpoint of the stressed vowel across L1/L2 despite using longer vowel durations in L2. At the same time, their productions deviated from L1 forms in terms of speech rate (slower in L2), pitch span (narrower in L2) and pitch level (lower in L2), indicating that even when learners adopt an L1 prosodic feature in their L2, they still produce interlanguage forms that deviate from L1.
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Krimpas, Panagiotis. "It’s all Greek to me: Missed Greek Loanwords in Albanian." Open Journal for Studies in Linguistics 4, no. 1 (September 19, 2021): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojsl.0401.03023k.
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Albanian is a language that has borrowed words and patterns from various other languages with which it came into contact from time to time. One of the most prominent sources of loanwords and loan-structures in Albanian is Medieval and Modern Greek. This paper discusses cases of Albanian loanwords of obvious or probable Medieval or Modern Greek origin that fail to be identified as such in the relevant literature. The discussion starts with a brief sketch of the history, affinities and contacts of Albanian with special focus on Medieval and Modern Greek. Then a classification is attempted of the Greek loanwords usually missed on the basis of their treatment in various works, while exploring the reason(s) why the Greek origin of such loanwords was missed. The main conclusion is that most such etymological mishaps are due to the limited knowledge of the donor language in terms of phonology, lexis and morphology.
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Timofeeva, Olga. "Bide Nu Æt Gode Þæt Ic Grecisc Cunne: Attitudes to Greek and the Greeks in the Anglo-Saxon Period." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 51, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2016-0007.
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Abstract The Greeks were one of those outgroups to whom the Anglo-Saxons had reasons to look up to, because of the antiquity of their culture and the sanctity of their language, along those of the Hebrews and the Romans. Yet as a language Greek was practically unknown for most of the Anglo-Saxon period and contact with its native speakers and country extremely limited. Nevertheless, references to the Greeks and their language are not uncommon in the Anglo-Saxon sources (both Latin and vernacular), as a little less than 200 occurrences in the Dictionary of Old English (s.v. grecisc) testify. This paper uses these data, supplementing them with searches in the Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus, Brepolis Library of Latin Texts - Series A, monumenta.ch and Medieval Latin from Anglo-Saxon Sources, and analyses lexical and syntactic strategies of the Greek outgroup construction in Anglo-Saxon texts. It looks at lexemes denoting ‘Greek’ and their derivatives in Anglo-Latin and Old English, examines their collocates and gleans information on attitudes towards Greek and the Greeks, and on membership claims indexed by Latin-Greek or English-Greek code-switching, by at the same time trying to establish parallels and influences between the two high registers of the Anglo-Saxon period.
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Kisilier, Maxim. "Contact Phenomena in Azov Greek." Languages 7, no. 3 (July 6, 2022): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7030174.
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Azov Greek is a Modern Greek dialect currently spoken in several villages in the area of Mariupol (Eastern Ukraine). Recent studies in Modern Greek dialectology clearly demonstrate that all Modern Greek dialects (even so specific as Tsakonian) in some period (or periods) of their history were deeply influenced by other dialects or languages and the traces of this influence can be found on various linguistic levels. Azov Greek is no exception here. This contribution intends not only to specify languages involved in language contact with Azov Greek and to analyze the most remarkable features but also to reconstruct a timeline of these contacts. The analysis is based on the field research data collected in Greek speaking villages around Mariupol between 2001 and 2019 and considers folklore and literary texts in Azov Greek.
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Olson, S. Douglas, and Andreas Willi. "The Language of Greek Comedy." Classical World 98, no. 1 (2004): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4352911.
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Ouroumidou, Victoria G. "New Words in Greek and Russian During the COVID-19 Pandemic." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2023-14-1-123-134.
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The description of the facts of the lexical dynamics of the coronavirus period focuses on identifying similarities and differences in the linguistic practice of neologization of Greek and Russian languages. The features of the incorporation of loanwords and the subsequent adaptation of new lexical items in the modern socio-cultural context of these languages are considered through the prism of the impact of global processes. The research is conducted at the lexical-semantic, word-formation, and partially morphological levels. The material of the research was taken from lexicographic sources of modern Greek and Russian languages. The comparative analysis revealed processes common to both languages, such as vocabulary replenishment by borrowing from the same source donor language, and processes specific to each language, such as reborrowing in Greek in a different form or with a different meaning. Based on this analysis, we can conclude that most of the neologisms in these languages come from English, the donor language of the coronavirus lexicon in other languages. At the same time, despite certain similarities in the processes of penetration of new elements into Greek and Russian, the further assimilation of lexical units in each language has an individual character and features that often activate their own mechanisms of neologization.
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Bouras, Spyros. "The Greek Language Education in Albania: A Professional Development Framework for Greek Language Teachers." International Journal of Educational Studies 3, no. 3 (October 19, 2020): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53935/2641-533x.v3i3.146.
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The main purpose of this study is the design, implementation and evaluation of a professional development program for Greek language teachers in minority education in Albania. The education of the Greek minority in Albania has been a separate part of the whole educational system of the country that has its own features and its own history (Barkas, 2011). Τhe starting point of the present study will be to outline the existing educational situation and to explore the needs of a) the specific teachers and b) the views of the head teachers and c) the professors at the University of Argyrokastro in order to form an overall picture of their training needs, their views and their suggestions for continuing education. The ultimate goal is to present an integrated professional development context for Greek language teachers in the minority education in Albania and we hope that the suggested professional development program for minority education teachers will be an effective one to upgrade their work and, in the long run, to make a decisive contribution to the qualitative upgrading of the Greek language instruction.
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Tardivo, G. "Labialization in Ægean and Nakh-Daghestanian Languages." Язык и текст 7, no. 1 (2020): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2020070111.
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This article consists of three parts: 1. the Substratum of the Greek language; 2. Synchronous studies of the vocabulary of the Nakh-Dagestani languages; 3. Diachrony. It is well known that languages of the same group or even of the same family undergo a fixed process of sound changes. The Greek written form of substratum words has preserved its original sound; or, in any case, it shows its final stage of development, caused by joint articulation and monophthonging. There is no reason to claim a "bad vocal system" for these languages. However, there are serious reasons to believe that the words of the pre-Greek substratum preserved in modern Greek, and some native words of the Nakh-Dagestan subgroup of the Iberian-Caucasian languages may have a common history or go back to the same form. For example, the Lak language shows the same situation as pre-Greek, as I. Tsertsvadze writes in the article " On the question of vowels e and o in Lak.
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Ralli, Angela. "Modern Greek V V dvandva compounds: A linguistic innovation in the history of the Indo-European languages." Word Structure 2, no. 1 (April 2009): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1750124509000294.
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This paper deals with [V V] dvandva compounds, which are frequently used in East and Southeast Asian languages but also in Greek and its dialects: Greek is in this respect uncommon among Indo-European languages. It examines the appearance of this type of compounding in Greek by tracing its development in the late Medieval period, and detects a high rate of productivity in most Modern Greek dialects. It argues that the emergence of the [V V] dvandva pattern is not due to areal pressure or to a language-contact situation, but it is induced by a language internal change. It associates this change with the rise of productivity of compounding in general, and the expansion of verbal compounds in particular. It also suggests that the change contributes to making the compound-formation patterns of the language more uniform and systematic. Claims and proposals are illustrated with data from Standard Modern Greek and its dialects. It is shown that dialectal evidence is crucial for the study of the rise and productivity of [V V] dvandva compounds, since changes are not usually portrayed in the standard language.
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Dhont, Marieke. "Greek education and cultural identity in Greek-speaking Judaism: The Jewish-Greek historiographers." Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 29, no. 4 (June 2020): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951820720936601.
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The style of the Jewish-Greek historiographers Eupolemus and Demetrius has often been evaluated as “bad Greek.” This is generally seen as evidence of their lack of education. The negative views on the language of Demetrius and Eupolemus are illustrative of a broader issue in the study of Hellenistic Judaism: language usage has been a key element in the discussion on the societal position of Jews in the Hellenistic world. In this article, I assess the style of the historiographers in the context of post-classical Greek, and conclude that their language reflects standard Hellenistic Greek. The linguistic analysis then becomes a starting point to reflect on the level of integration of Jews in the Greek-speaking world as well as to consider the nature of Jewish multilingualism in the late Second Temple period.
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Gavriilidou, Zoe, and Lydia Mitits. "The Socio-linguistic Profiles, Identities, and Educational Needs of Greek Heritage Language Speakers in Chicago." Journal of Language and Education, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 80–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/jle.2021.11959.
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The present study aims to further the research on heritage language speakers (HLSs) by providing the socio-linguistic profiles and identities of an uninvestigated community of heritage speakers, namely the Greeks of Chicago, thus offering data for a less-studied HL, Greek. The participants were fifty-four (N=54) first, second, and third-generation Greek HLSs. The socio-linguistic data were collected through an online survey, while identification with Greek culture as well as ethnic attachment and practice of Greek traditions were investigated through the content analysis of data from the Greek Heritage Language Corpus. The results of the study are discussed with respect to how they can improve our knowledge of the educational needs of Greek HL learners. This research-based knowledge can be employed for addressing the academic needs of HL learners through educational programs. The authors propose an agenda for a more linguistically and culturally responsive education program for HL learners, in general, and Greek HL learners in diasporic communities, in particular.
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Klimova, Ksenia A., and Elena S. Uzeneva. "Language Policy and Language Situation in Dynamics: Pomaks of Northern Greece." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 66 (2022): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-66-148-160.
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The paper comes up with a synchronous-diachronic analysis of the linguistic situation in one of the isolated cultural and linguistic enclaves of the Balkan Peninsula: the district of Xanthi in the region of Thrace in Northern Greece, on the Bulgarian-Greek border. Here, in a remote mountainous area, live Muslim Slavs, ethnic Bulgarians, representing a minority ethnolinguistic and cultural-confessional group that has existed for a long time in a foreign language and other religious environment among Orthodox Greeks. In the historical past, this community formed a single whole with the Muslim Bulgarians who now live within the boundaries of the Republic of Bulgaria. This minority is the object of the language and cultural policy of three states: Greece, Turkey and Bulgaria. Note that the Greek authorities for a long time 1920s–1990s (excluding the period of Bulgarian rule in 1941–1944) pursued a policy of de-Bulgarization of this population. As a result, today the degree of its Turkicization (due to the influence of Islam, the study of the Koran in Turkish and the active position of Turkey) is quite high. It should be noted that the Bulgarian-speaking communities in Northern Greece are not the object of the Bulgarian language policy, which is carried out by disinterested officials and politicians who ignore the opinions and assessments of Bulgarian dialectologists and sociolinguists. The study focuses on ethnonyms and exonyms as important factors in the formation of the Pomaks' linguistic identity: the self-name of the speakers of these dialects is Pomaks, Ahryans. The ethnonym Pomaks was introduced and continues to be actively used to discuss the new Greek policy towards the Bulgarian-speaking population of Greece; the linguonym Pomaks was also formed from it. Earlier in Greece, the term Slavophones ('speakers of the Slavic language') was used, cf. new pomakophones. In the 90s of the 20th century and early 21th century a number of scientists (V. Friedman, A. D. Dulichenko, A. Ioannidou, K. Voss, M. Nomati, M. Henzelmann, K. Steinke) considered Pomak to be one of the literary microlanguages of the southern Slavia, noting that it is characterized by the diversity of the script used and poor functionality. There were appropriate grounds for this (codification, publication of dictionaries and grammar, textbooks, etc.). But the impetus for the “creation” of the literary language of the Pomaks was the political task of the country's leadership. At present, Pomak (Southern Rodhopian, Bulgarian) dialects in Greece have an unwritten character (they are used exclusively for oral communication in the family and village, microsociety). Despite the presence of certain signs of the formation of the literary language among the Pomaks, the modern language situation and language policy do not contribute to its existence and functioning. We rely on both published sources and our own field materials collected during two ethnolinguistic expeditions carried out in 2018 and 2019, as well as online in 2021, and will try to present preliminary results of the study of the current state of the language and language policy. Let us note the importance of modern interdisciplinary approaches to the study of the phenomenon of intercultural communication, which are based on the dialogue of languages and cultures, and which necessitated the description of new linguistic conditions and consideration of the importance of not so much Greek as Turkish as a means of intra — and interethnic communication in the specific genre.
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Fetsko, Ivanna. "ANOTHER LANGUAGE BASIS OF THE TERMINOLOGY OF THE NATURE MUSEUM CASE." Terminological Bulletin, no. 7 (2023): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2023-7-23.
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The article examines the place and role of borrowings in the Ukrainian term system of the natural museum case. The composition of borrowings is clarified and the specifics of the functioning of types of foreign language term units are determined. The expediency of application of borrowed term units in the modern Ukrainian language has been determined. The reasons for the appearance of a significant number of borrowings in the terminological vocabulary have been clarified. It was revealed that the terminology of the natural museum area contains a significant layer of units of Greek-Latin origin, as well as borrowings from German, French, Italian, Arabic, and Dutch languages, which makes it possible to talk about the international character of the terminology. The largest part of terms of foreign origin in the studied terminology are borrowings from classical languages - Latin and Greek. The Latin language had a special role in medieval Europe, as it almost completely dominated in science, education and other spheres of life. Even from that time, Latinisms became a source of replenishment of scientific terminologies of all European languages. Since classical Latin was filled with Greek borrowings, the Greek language also became a lexical reserve for the construction of new terms. Mixed language constructions formed by combining two bases of the type Latin + Greek, Greek + Latin, French + Latin are also considered. The solution of urgent tasks regarding the organization and further replenishment of the studied term system of the Ukrainian language in accordance with modern economic and scientific and technical development requires a deep study of the sources, ways and methods of term formation inherent in the Ukrainian literary language. The involvement of foreign loanwords enables Ukrainian terminology to organically fit into the global scientific and technical context. Entering the term system, foreign language units undergo appropriate phonetic, morphological and semantic adaptation, which contributes to the expansion and enrichment of the modern Ukrainian term system of natural museum case.
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Yusupova, Kamilla. "Features of Teaching Paronyms to Greek Students Studying Bulgarian and Russian." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 17, no. 3-4 (2022): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2022.17.3-4.12.
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The article is devoted to the topical issue of perception and compatibility of paronymic pairs among Greek students. In Greece, there are three departments of Slavic studies: the Department of Russian Language and Literature and Slavic Studies at the National and Kapodistrian University of the Athens, the Department of Languages, Literature and Culture of the Black Sea Countries of the Demokritus University of Thrace in Komotini and at the Department of Balkan Studies, Slavic and Oriental Studies of the University of Macedonia in Thessaloniki. Students study Russian, Bulgarian and other Slavic languages as foreign languages at these universities. Among the incoming students there are: Greeks (who do not know any Slavic language), who speak one of the Slavic languages (graduated from schools or other educational institutions in their countries) and bilinguals (who arrived or were born in Greece). The purpose of the study programs at these faculties is not only to teach students Russian as a foreign language, but also to give them a complete philological education. Despite the fact that there are quite a few dictionaries of paronyms, there is a lack of educational dictionaries, manuals and electronic resources in the Bulgarian and Russian languages for a foreign audience. Students have difficulties due to misunderstanding, the use of paronyms both in oral and written speech of the Russian and Bulgarian languages at advanced levels. Examples of paronyms with close-sounding semantic correspondences and differences in Russian, Bulgarian and Greek are given. When teaching a foreign language, one should take into account the linguistic and cultural characteristics of not only the native language of students, but also their knowledge of other languages in order to avoid interference. At the end of the article, methodological recommendations are given in the teaching of paronyms.
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De Lusignan Fan-Moniz, Alex. "Aromanian Cultural and Linguistic Shift to Greek." European Journal of Language and Culture Studies 1, no. 6 (December 27, 2022): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejlang.2022.1.6.54.
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Aromanian-armân, (Weigand, 1895) is an oral Eastern-Romance language spoken by the Aromanians (armâni, or armãneashti), an ethnic group historically known for transhumance, dispersed over a wide area of the Balkans in what is present-day Peninsular Greece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Southern Romania, Serbia, and Albania. These people have been noted as Aromanians or Vlachs sometime since the eighth century AD. (Caranica, 1990). Their ethnicity (Eriksen, 2010) is controversial with Greeks believing them Latinised Greeks, Romanians considering them Romanian, others as Balkan natives from Wallachia (Ruzica, 2006). In Greek, the current word for Aromanian is in fact ‘Vlach’ believed to originate from the Latin terms Volcae, Volci (Volks, Wolks) referring to a Celtic tribe from Gaul that had learnt Latin and become Latinized. The Volks-Wolks were the closest neighbors to Germanic tribes in the area, which resulted in Germans referring to all Latin speakers as ‘Volks,’ the same way they did with their language. For clarification, in this study: Aromanian, Vlach (-) Aromanian and Vlach will all be used to refer to this ethnic group and language. The word Volci was adopted by Germanic speakers and took different forms over time: Walachen, Welchland, Wallis, Wallais, Wallons, Wales, Welschme etc. These terms are still visible in different European languages today and refer to ‘Latin speaker.’ The Slavic speakers borrowed the word from the Germans as: Olahy, Olahi, Valachi, Voloh, Vloh whereas the Byzantines borrowed it as ‘Vlachs’ (Tapanikos, 2020). Their isolated modus vivendi, between pastoral valleys and high mountains, confined them to hardship and socio-cultural periphery, and allowed relative immunity from major European conflicts and periods of unrest spanning short of a millennium. From 1975 when the modern Greek Republic is finally consolidated, the ideology of ‘one people, one language’ is an intrinsic part of Greek nationality and nationalism (Moschonas, 2004). Lacking written, standardized forms, Aromanian has been transmitted orally from generation to generation in the Epirus, Macedonia and Thessally regions of Greece. With profound socio-economic changes and rewards, Aromanians left their pastoral lifestyle in large numbers (Beis, 2000) attracted by prospects of a better future in Greek urban centers and Western European countries, USA, or Australia. In modern times, with Greek being the only language of instruction and communication in the wider society (Chomsky, 1971), the generational language-transfer cycle has been broken, and Aromanian is now endangered (Dinas et al., 2011). On the other hand, Aromanian folklore and traditional festivals are very much alive through associations like the Pan-Hellenic Federation of Cultural Associations of Vlachs, while many self-identified Aromanians do not speak a word of their ancestral language, by choice (Kahl, 2004). How did this (apparent) contradiction come to be? What drove Aromanians away from their language and led to the assimilation into Greek society, language, and culture so completely that it will lead to the death of Aromanian in Greece?
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Dornic, Stan, Lars Nystedt, Tarja Laaksonen, and Lenore Arnberg. "Evaluational Reactions to Speech: The Role of Ethnic-Linguistic Status." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 1 (August 1989): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.69.1.307.
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Two groups of native Swedes listened to short stories, related in Swedish by Greek and American immigrants in Sweden, and rated the speakers on 15 personality traits as well as on five aspects of language proficiency. American speakers were rated more favorably than Greek speakers on two traits, namely, educated and capable. On language proficiency, Greeks and Americans were rated similarly except for the “grammar” aspect on which the latter obtained higher ratings. Speakers' time of residence in Sweden was strongly underestimated by raters, more for Americans than for Greeks. Correlations between ratings of personality and ratings of language proficiency were positive and significant on both affective and competence-related traits for the Greek speakers, while there were no significant correlations for the American speakers. The results are seen as giving support to the assumption that in judging personality from spoken language, attitudinal rather than linguistic factors play a major role, particularly if the speakers' ethnic-linguistic status is high.
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Exertzoglou, Haris. "Shifting Boundaries: Language, Community and the "non-Greek speaking Greeks"." Historein 1 (May 1, 2000): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/historein.127.
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Labetska, Yuliia. "“THE BRIDGE OF ARTA” – A RUMEIC VERSION OF THE BALLAD OF THE WALLED-UP WIFE." Studia Linguistica, no. 18 (2021): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2021.18.83-97.
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The article deals with the analysis of two versions of a traditional ballad of the walled-up wife, widespread among the peoples of the Balkans and Asia Minor, recorded in the folklore of one of the national minorities of Ukraine – the Rumei Greeks. Linguistic analysis of text samples allows the author to trace the possible influences and cultural ties of the Azov Greeks with the metropolis. Structural-semantic and linguo-stylistic analysis of the Rumeic variants of the ballad demonstrated their pre-Azovian and pre-Crimean origins. One of the texts contains the motive, which is typical for the Pontic versions of the ballad. The language of both analyzed texts is dialectal, the Rumeika / Mariupol Greek, while it also has certain features of Demotic Greek, which can be explained not only by the archaic origin of the song, but also by the influence of Demotic Greek on Mariupol Greek already during the Azov period, when the policy of Hellenization of the Greek population of Ukraine was introduced in 1926-1938. It was concluded that the short period in the history of the Azov Greeks, when they gained access to the common Greek cultural tradition through the study of Demotic Greek and literature in it, had a certain influence on their language and folk poetry.
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Tisizi, Emmanouela. "“Their Greek goes to waste”: Understanding Greek heritage language teachers’ language ideologies and instructional practices." OLBI Journal 12 (December 22, 2022): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/olbij.v12i1.5979.
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Framed within critical poststructuralist sociolinguistics, this narrative study sheds light on the language ideologies and practices of eight Greek heritage language (HL) teachers in Greek schools in Montreal and Toronto. Examining the teachers’ ideologies and practices is important, as they can either engage or alienate HL learners. Engaging HL learners is significant, because for many of them the Greek school is their only opportunity to use the language. Language portraits, written tasks, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, which were then analyzed narratively and thematically. The findings suggest that the teachers’ attitudes towards students and practices are largely shaped by their monolingual ideologies. The need for targeted teacher training is highlighted, to ensure that HL teachers are equipped to accommodate all their students’ needs.
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Kouremenos†, Dimitris, Stavroula-Evita Fotinea, Eleni Efthimiou, and Klimis Ntalianis. "A prototype Greek text to Greek Sign Language conversion system." Behaviour & Information Technology 29, no. 5 (September 2010): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01449290903420192.
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Porter, Stanley E. "The Language of the Apocalypse in Recent Discussion." New Testament Studies 35, no. 4 (October 1989): 582–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688500015228.
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Since the first significant studies of Semitic influence on the NT published by Wyss, Pasor and Trom in the mid 17th century, there has not been a lack of interest in the topic of the language of the Greek Bible. Treatments of Semitic influence on the Greek of the NT usually concentrate on two issues: the current languages of lst-century Palestine, and various theories regarding the nature of the Greek of the NT. Whatever answers might be posited for the other books of the NT, few scholars have been completely satisfied with estimations given concerning the Apocalypse. Here most acutely the question of the languages used in Palestine during the 1st century overlaps with, if it is not dependent upon, the question of the nature of the Greek of the NT.
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Arvaniti, Amalia. "Cypriot Greek." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 29, no. 2 (December 1999): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002510030000654x.
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Cypriot Greek is the dialect of Modern Greek spoken on the island of Cyprus by approximately 650,000 people and also by the substantial immigrant communities of Cypriots in the UK, North America, Australia, South Africa and elsewhere. Due to lengthy isolation, Cypriot Greek is so distinct from Standard Greek as to be often unintelligible to speakers of the Standard. Greek Cypriot speakers, on the other hand, have considerably less difficulty understanding Greeks, since Standard Greek is the official language of Cyprus, and as such it is the medium of education and the language of the Cypriot media. However, in every day situations Cypriot Greek is the only variety used among Cypriots. Cypriot Greek is not homogeneous but exhibits considerable geographical variation (Newton 1972). The variety described here is that used by educated speakers, particularly the inhabitants of the capital, Nicosia. Although influenced by increasing contact with Standard Greek, Cypriot Greek retains most of its phonological and phonetic characteristics virtually intact. There is no established orthography for Cypriot Greek; however, certain, rather variable, conventions have emerged, based on Greek historical orthography but also including novel combinations of letters in order to represent sounds that do not exist in the Standard (e.g. σι for [∫]); a version of these conventions has been adopted here for the sample text. The transcription is based on the speech of an educated male speaker from Nicosia in his mid-thirties, who read the text twice at normal speed and in an informal manner, he also assisted in rendering the text from Standard to Cypriot Greek.
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Markovic, Vera. "Ancient Greek in modern language of medicine." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 135, no. 9-10 (2007): 606–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0710606m.
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In order to standardize language of medicine, it is essential to have a good command of ancient Greek and Latin. We cannot deny a huge impact of ancient Greek medicine on medical terminology. Compounds of Greek origin related to terms for organs, illnesses, inflammations, surgical procedures etc. have been listed as examples. They contain Greek prefixes and suffixes transcribed into Latin and they have been analyzed. It may be concluded that the modern language of medicine basically represents the ancient Greek language transcribed into Latin.
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Ndoci, Rexhina. "An Albanian Ethnolect of Modern Greek? Testing the Waters Perceptually." Languages 8, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8010020.
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Ethnolects have been defined as varieties linked to particular ethnic minorities by the minorities themselves or by other ethnic communities. The present paper investigates this association between ethnic groups and language varieties in the Greek context. I seek to answer whether there is an association made (by Albanians or Greeks) between Albanian migrants in Greece and a particular variety that is not their L1, i.e., Albanian, and if so, whether this is an Albanian ethnolect of Greek. I show experimentally that, in fact, there is a variety of Greek that is linked with listeners’ perceptions of Albanian migrants. However, that criterion is not enough in itself to designate the variety as an ethnolect as the acquisition of this variety by the second or subsequent generations of migrants is not evidenced. Rather, those generations are undergoing language shift from Albanian to Greek. Therefore, the classification of Albanian Greek as an Albanian ethnolect of Greek is not possible despite the association between the variety and the particular minority in Greece. Classification as an L2 Greek variety or a Mock Albanian Greek (MAG) variety is instead argued.
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Ranasinghe, Tharindu, and Marcos Zampieri. "Multilingual Offensive Language Identification for Low-resource Languages." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3457610.
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Offensive content is pervasive in social media and a reason for concern to companies and government organizations. Several studies have been recently published investigating methods to detect the various forms of such content (e.g., hate speech, cyberbullying, and cyberaggression). The clear majority of these studies deal with English partially because most annotated datasets available contain English data. In this article, we take advantage of available English datasets by applying cross-lingual contextual word embeddings and transfer learning to make predictions in low-resource languages. We project predictions on comparable data in Arabic, Bengali, Danish, Greek, Hindi, Spanish, and Turkish. We report results of 0.8415 F1 macro for Bengali in TRAC-2 shared task [23], 0.8532 F1 macro for Danish and 0.8701 F1 macro for Greek in OffensEval 2020 [58], 0.8568 F1 macro for Hindi in HASOC 2019 shared task [27], and 0.7513 F1 macro for Spanish in in SemEval-2019 Task 5 (HatEval) [7], showing that our approach compares favorably to the best systems submitted to recent shared tasks on these three languages. Additionally, we report competitive performance on Arabic and Turkish using the training and development sets of OffensEval 2020 shared task. The results for all languages confirm the robustness of cross-lingual contextual embeddings and transfer learning for this task.