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Shamsuddin, Salahuddin Mohd, and Siti Sara Binti Hj Ahmad. "Theatrical Art in Classical European and Modern Arabic Literature:." International Educational Research 1, no. 1 (2018): p7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ier.v1n1p7.
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No doubt that Classical Arabic Literature was influenced by Greek Literature, as the modern Arabic literature was influenced by European Literature. The narrative poetry was designed for the emergence of theatrical poetry, a poetry modeled on the model of the story with its performance in the front of audience. This style was not known as Arabic poetry, but borrowed from the European literatures by the elite of poets who were influenced by European literatures looking forward to renew the Arabic poetry. It means that we use in this article the historical methodology based on the historical relation between European and Arabic literature in the ancient and modern age.
 The first who introduced the theatrical art in Arab countries was Mārūn al-Niqqāsh, who was of a Lebanese origin. He traveled to Italy in 1846 and quoted it from there. The first play he presented to the Arab audience in Lebanon was (Miser) composed by the French writer Molière, in late 1847.
 It is true that the art of play in Arabic literature at first was influenced by European literatures, but soon after reached the stage of rooting, then the artistic creativity began to emerge, which was far away from the simulation and tradition.
 It is true also that European musical theatres had been influenced later by Arabic literature and oriental literatures. European musical theatres (ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn and the magical lamp), the play (Māʿrūf Iska in Cairo) and the musical plays of (Shahrzād) are derived from (One thousand and one Nights).
 This study aims to discover the originality of theatrical art in modern Arabic literature. Therefore it is focused on its both side: Its European originality and its journey to Arab World, hence its artistic characteristics in modern Arabic literature. We also highlight its journey from the poetic language to the prose.
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Srika, M. "A Critical Analysis on “Revolution 2020” - An Amalgam of Socio- Political Commercialization World Combined with Love Triangle." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 10 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i10.10255.
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Literature is considered to be an art form or writing that have Artistic or Intellectual value. Literature is a group of works produced by oral and written form. Literature shows the style of Human Expression. The word literature was derived from the Latin root word ‘Litertura / Litteratura’ which means “Letter or Handwriting”. Literature is culturally relative defined. Literature can be grouped through their Languages, Historical Period, Origin, Genre and Subject. The kinds of literature are Poems, Novels, Drama, Short Story and Prose. Fiction and Non-Fiction are their major classification. Some types of literature are Greek literature, Latin literature, German literature, African literature, Spanish literature, French literature, Indian literature, Irish literature and surplus. In this vast division, the researcher has picked out Indian English Literature. Indian literature is the literature used in Indian Subcontinent. The earliest Indian literary works were transmitted orally. The Sanskrit oral literature begins with the gatherings of sacred hymns called ‘Rig Veda’ in the period between 1500 - 1200 B.C. The classical Sanskrit literature was developed slowly in the earlier centuries of the first millennium. Kannada appeared in 9th century and Telugu in 11th century. Then, Marathi, Odiya and Bengali literatures appeared later. In the early 20th century, Hindi, Persian and Urdu literature begins to appear.
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Junkiert, Maciej. "Ancient Revolutions in the Literature of Polish Romanticism." Comparative Critical Studies 15, no. 2 (2018): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2018.0289.
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This article aims to examine the Polish literary reception of the French Revolution during the period of Romanticism. Its main focus is on how Polish writers displaced their more immediate experiences of revolutionary events onto a backdrop of ‘ancient revolutions’, in which revolution was described indirectly by drawing on classical traditions, particularly the history of ancient Greeks and Romans. As this classical tradition was mediated by key works of German and French thinkers, this European context is crucial for understanding the literary strategies adopted by Polish authors. Three main approaches are visible in the Polish reception, and I will illustrate them using the works of Zygmunt Krasiński (1812–1859), Juliusz Słowacki (1809–1849) and Cyprian Norwid (1821–1883). My comparative study will be restricted to four works: Krasiński's Irydion and Przedświt (Predawn), Słowacki's Agezylausz (Agesilaus) and Norwid's Quidam.
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Gayford, J. J. "Disorders of Sexual Preference, or Paraphilias: A Review of the Literature." Medicine, Science and the Law 37, no. 4 (1997): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249703700405.
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By their very nature, disorders of sexual preference (ICD-10) or paraphilias (DSM IV) are bizarre patterns of sexual behaviour that have diverse manifestations and are of complicated sexual orientation. Some are harmless, others are sad, robbing sufferers and possibly their partners of loving sexual relationships. Psychopathology within this group of disorders may lead to criminal behaviour, ranging from infringement of decency to some of the most heinous crimes known. In a lifetime of practice no professional in any sphere of law or medicine will see a full cross-section of these conditions, as some are rare and they do not all present to one professional group. The nomenclature is confusing, with its Greek, Latin, French and Portuguese origins, together with eponymous terms. At least 40 different paraphilias have been named (Money, 1988) but these do not cover the full extent of the field.
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Pavis, Patrice. "The Reverse View: Greece and Greek Myths in Modern French Theater." Modern Drama 29, no. 1 (1986): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/md.29.1.41.
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Aldama, Frederick Luis. "What Literature Tells Us about the Pandemic." Journal of Critical Studies in Language and Literature 2, no. 1 (2020): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jcsll.v2i1.50.
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Literature can play an important role in shaping our responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. It can offer us significant insights into how individuals treated the trauma of pandemics in the past, and how to survive in a situation beyond our control.
 Considering the changes and challenges that the coronavirus might bring for us, we should know that the world we are living in today is shaped by the biological crisis of the past. This understanding can help us deal with the challenges in the current pandemic situation. Literature can show us how the crisis has affected the lives of infected individuals.
 By exploring the theme of disease and pandemic, which is consistent and well-established in literature (Cooke, 2009), we come across a number of literary works dealing with plagues, epidemics and other forms of biological crises. Among the prominent examples of pandemic literature is Albert Camus’s The Plague (1947), narrating the story of a plague sweeping the French Algerian city of Oran. The novel illustrates the powerlessness of individuals to affect their destinies. Jack London’s The Scarlet Plague (1912) is another story depicting the spread of the Red Death, an uncontrollable epidemic that depopulated and nearly destroyed the world. The book is considered as prophetic of the coronavirus pandemic, especially given London wrote it at a time when the world was not as quickly connected by travel as it is today (Matthews, 2020). Furthermore, Edgar Allan Poe’s The Masque of the Red Death (1842) is a short story on the metaphorical element of the plague. Through the personification of the plague, represented by a mysterious figure as a Red Death victim, the author contemplates on the inevitability of death; the issue is not that people die from the plague, but that people are plagued by death (Steel, 1981). Moreover, Mary Shelley’s The Last Man (1826) is another apocalyptic novel, depicting a future which is ravaged by a plague. Shelley illustrates the concept of immunization in this fiction showing her understanding about the nature of contagion.
 Pandemic is also depicted in medieval writings, such as Giovanni Boccaccio’s The Decameron and Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales illustrating human behaviour: the fear of infection increased sins such as greed, lust and corruption, which paradoxically led to infection and consequently to both moral and physical death (Grigsby, 2008).
 In ancient literature, Homer’s Iliad opens with a plague visited upon the Greek camp at Troy to punish the Greeks for Agamemnon’s enslavement of Chryseis. Plague and epidemic were rather frequent catastrophes in
 
 ancient world. When plague spread, no medicine could help, and no one could stop it from striking; the only way to escape was to avoid contact with infected persons and contaminated objects (Tognotti. 2013).
 Certainly, COVID-19 has shaken up our economic systems and affected all aspects of our living. In this respect, literature can give us the opportunity to think through how similar crises were dealt with previously, and how we might structure our societies more equitably in their aftermath. Thus, in order to explore what literature tells us about the pandemic, the following interview is conducted with Frederick Aldama, a Distinguished Professor of English at the Ohio State University.
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Giel, Joanna. "Literatura jako poszukiwanie prawdy. Poetyka Gottholda Ephraima Lessinga." Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia 15, no. 2 (2020): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/895-8001.15.2.10.
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The aim of the article is to show the significant change in the reflections of art and literature due to Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781). It consists of three essential parts. Firstly, I present the historical and philosophical context which influenced Lessing’s point of view on art and literature. Secondly, according to Lessing’s theoretical writings, I move on to the most important aspects of his poetry, which are inter alia the liberation of the scheme of French classicism and the approach to Greek antiquity. Theory and practice were for Lessing closely connected. Therefore I establish in the third part of the article examples of Lessing’s domestic tragedies in which the author fulfils the scheme he presented in theoretical writings.
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Giel, Joanna. "Literatura jako poszukiwanie prawdy. Poetyka Gottholda Ephraima Lessinga." Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia 15, no. 2 (2020): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.15.2.10.
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The aim of the article is to show the significant change in the reflections of art and literature due to Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781). It consists of three essential parts. Firstly, I present the historical and philosophical context which influenced Lessing’s point of view on art and literature. Secondly, according to Lessing’s theoretical writings, I move on to the most important aspects of his poetry, which are inter alia the liberation of the scheme of French classicism and the approach to Greek antiquity. Theory and practice were for Lessing closely connected. Therefore I establish in the third part of the article examples of Lessing’s domestic tragedies in which the author fulfils the scheme he presented in theoretical writings.
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Revyakina, Nina. "Juan Luis Vives on the use of Ancient literature in education." Hypothekai 5 (September 2021): 214–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32880/2587-7127-2021-5-5-214-235.
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The work “On Education” (De tradendis disciplinis) by the Spanish humanist Juan Luis Vives (1492/3–1540) is considered from the perspective of the use of ancient literature during the in-itial period of child school training (from 7 to 15 years). Vives’ appreciation of the Latin language, a positive attitude towards teaching Greek at school, and the influence of ancient languages on modern European languages — Italian, Spanish, and French are discussed. The article draws attention to some features in teaching the Latin language that are not characteristic of the hu-manists who preceded Vives and also wrote about school. They are as follows: using the native language as an instrument for mastering Latin at the initial stage of learning, and using modern literature - writers, grammarians, humanists, which helps to learn ancient languages in the subsequent period. These features can be explained by Vives’ epoch when national states were being estab-lished, national languages were strengthening, and pedagogical thinking was developing. The article also examines the issue brought up by Vives himself about the attitude to pagan literature and to some, in Vives’ opinion, morally questionable poets. With all the inconsistency of Vives and the low persuasiveness of his self-censorship, the solution to this problem comes down to se-lecting such authors the study of whose works will protect school students from vices. The article shows that both Latin and Greek literature (works on oratory, poetry, comedy, history, my-thology, etc.) are widely used in teaching. Ancient writings not only form and enrich the language, but also provide versatile knowledge, mainly of humanitarian kind, help to bring up an ed-ucated and cultured person. This is supported by a large survey of over 100 ancient authors, modern writers, scientists, humanists, early medieval writers, “church fathers”, publishers, translators, and commentators provided at the very end of Vives' discussion on education, with brief characteristics of many of them.
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Lin, Lijuan. "A Winged Word on Marriage." Oriens 48, no. 3-4 (2020): 251–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18778372-04801100.
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Abstract A foreign saying on marriage became widely known in China through Qian Zhongshu’s 1947 novel Fortress Besieged. As the novelist tells us, this saying has its source in both English and French literature, and in its different versions, marriage is either likened to a besieged fortress or a bird cage. This paper examines the origin and transmission of the saying in Greek, Arabic and Syriac sources, and argues that this saying originated in the so-called literature of the Christianized Socratic-Cynic philosophy, which once flourished in Syria. It became popular in the Byzantine and Arabic world after having been included into several famous Greek and Arabic gnomologies. Then it was introduced into modern languages, developed into different versions, finally came to China and became a household word among Chinese people.
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Zhao, Jialin, and Rainer Feldbacher. "Reflection of Sexual Morality in Literature and Art." Journal of Critical Studies in Language and Literature 1, no. 3 (2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jcsll.v1i3.32.
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Tocqueville, in his book “Democracy in America”, talked about the concept of sexual morality, introduced it into his newpolitical science, and reflected on the situation of social morality before and after the French Revolution with the help of hisinvestigation of American social morality. From the end of the 19th century to late 20th century, the development of sexualmorality in the US and France has undergone different changes. In France before and after the Revolution, sexual ethicsshowed a very different picture, from palace porn culture and pornography before the Revolution to revolutionary moralethics during the revolutionary period and to sexual ethics after the revolution. The US turned from the Puritans' sexualmorality in the early 18th century to the sexual liberation movement in the 19th and 20th centuries. From the historicalexperience of the US and France, we can see three basic forms of sexual morality: the state of greed, the state of politics, andthe state of holy love. The revolutions were not only initiating the construction of democracy, but also changed the definitionof its most basic figure that is the individual. This paper places sexual morality in the three dimensions of reality, politics andreligion. Taking The United States and France as examples, with the help of textual analysis and comparison, thedevelopment course, different forms and contemporary values of sexual morality will be explored.
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Adamik, Verena. "Making worlds from literature: W.E.B. Du Bois’s The Quest of the Silver Fleece and Dark Princess." Thesis Eleven 162, no. 1 (2021): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513621993308.
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While W.E.B. Du Bois’s first novel, The Quest of the Silver Fleece (1911), is set squarely in the USA, his second work of fiction, Dark Princess: A Romance (1928), abandons this national framework, depicting the treatment of African Americans in the USA as embedded into an international system of economic exploitation based on racial categories. Ultimately, the political visions offered in the novels differ starkly, but both employ a Western literary canon – so-called ‘classics’ from Greek, German, English, French, and US American literature. With this, Du Bois attempts to create a new space for African Americans in the world (literature) of the 20th century. Weary of the traditions of this ‘world literature’, the novels complicate and begin to decenter the canon that they draw on. This reading traces what I interpret as subtle signs of frustration over the limits set by the literature that underlies Dark Princess, while its predecessor had been more optimistic in its appropriation of Eurocentric fiction for its propagandist aims.
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Beley, M. "Precedent Names in B. Werber’s Postmodern Discourse: Communicative Aspect." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 10, no. 4 (2021): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2021-10-4-18-22.
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This article reveals the peculiarities of the use of precedent names in the novels "Empire of Angels", "The Breath of the Gods" and "The Last Secret" by the contemporary French writer Bernard Werber. The communicative aspect is traced in the interaction of the cosmopolitan postmodern worldview of different peoples. Particular attention is paid to myths and the postmodern reading of ancient Greek myths in the author's works. The phenomenon of "speaking names" is also examined and their use in some works of French literature is traced.
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Mucignat, Rosa, and Sanja Perovic. "Guest Editors' Introduction: ‘Radical Transnationalism: The French Revolution in Europe's Political Imagination’." Comparative Critical Studies 15, no. 2 (2018): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2018.0285.
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What happens when a transnational revolutionary idiom is translated into specific languages, each equipped with its own historical frames of references? This special issue tracks the various ways the French Revolution was creatively re-appropriated in British, German, Greek, Italian, Spanish and Polish contexts in order to recover the multiple futures of the Revolution's past. By shifting the focus towards the mobility of revolutionary language – not just what it says, but how it travels, where it goes, and what it becomes – we seek to offer new tools to assess the potential and limits of the revolutionary project.
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Papastefanaki, Leda. "Family, Gender, and Labour in the Greek Mines, 1860–1940." International Review of Social History 65, no. 2 (2019): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000580.
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AbstractTo date, research on work in the mines in Greece has ignored the significance of gender in the workplace, since mining is associated exclusively with male labour. As such, it is considered, indirectly, not subject to gender relations. The article examines the influence of family and gender relations on labour in the Greek mines in the period 1860–1940 by highlighting migration trajectories, paternalistic practices, and the division of labour in mining communities.Sources include: official publications of the Mines Inspectorate and the Mines and Industrial Censuses, the Greek Miners’ Fund Archive, British and French consular reports, various economic and technical reports by experts, literature and narratives, the local press from mining regions, and the Archive of the Seriphos Mines.
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Kantzia, Emmanouela. "Happiness after death? Demetrios Capetanakis on philosophy and Proust." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 41, no. 1 (2017): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/byz.2016.32.
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Demetrios Capetanakis was one of the first writers to introduce Marcel Proust to the Greek public in the 1930s. His study of Proust's philosophy (hitherto known only in the English and Greek translations of a lecture he delivered in French) survives in manuscript form, both in French and in an earlier German version. An examination of these texts in the context of Proust's early reception allows us to follow Capetanakis’ intellectual trajectory, as well as to sketch his particular joint approach to literature and philosophy, which is largely indebted to the works of Plato and Kierkegaard. Capetanakis seeks Proust's philosophy not in the universal laws put forth in his novel, but in the writer's attempt to conceal behind them the real pain and agony that marked his own life. This leads him to a rather unusual philosophical reading of Proust's novel and, in the process, of Plato's Phaedrus.
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Ford, Philip. "Homer in the French Renaissance*." Renaissance Quarterly 59, no. 1 (2006): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ren.2008.0159.
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AbstractAlthough the works of Homer remained unknown in Western Europe for much of the Middle Ages, their reappearance was welcomed enthusiastically in France toward the end of the fifteenth century by the small band of scholars capable of reading Greek. The founding of the Collège des lecteurs royaux in 1530 gave a fillip to Homeric studies, and partial editions of Homer were printed in Paris, aimed at a student audience. French translations also helped to bring the poems to a wider audience. However, the question of the interpretation of Homer was central to the reception of the two epics, and, after examining the publishing history, this paper sets out to assess how succeeding generations of scholars set about reading and teaching the prince of poets.
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Newbold, R. F. "Sensitivity to Shame in Greek and Roman Epic, with Particular Reference to Claudian and Nonnus." Ramus 14, no. 1 (1985): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x0000504x.
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English shame and German scham derive from the Gothic schama, ‘to hide, cover, conceal’. German Hemd (shirt) and English and French chemise are other derivatives. In some languages the word for ‘shame’ and the word for ‘wound’ are the same. A wound exposes and can thereby advertise vulnerabilty and a cause for shame. Hiding or covering may seek to guard against wounding, humiliating exposure. Shame is self-evidently an important human emotion. Insofar as animals are innocent of shame, experience of it is a mark of humanity. Much human behaviour is influenced by fear of shame and embarrassment. Living in the face and eyes, shame is very close to the experienced self. Self-image and self-esteem are heavily determined by one's susceptibility to shame. Experience of shame is impossible without a sense of individuation, without a sense of discreteness from the world and of being an object in the eyes of another. Study of shame sensitivity therefore offers many clues to an individual's or a culture's behaviour, sense of identity and relationship to the environment.
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Youens, Susan. "Swan Songs: Schubert's ‘Auf dem Wasser zu singen’." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 5, no. 2 (2008): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409800003359.
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The following inquiry began as an echo of my preoccupation long ago and far away with settings of late nineteenth-century French poetry. Mallarmé's ‘le cygne/signe’ arrives too late (involuntarily, I recall the immortal line ‘What time's the next swan?’) to be a player in the creation of Schubert's songs, but the great French poet had recourse to some of the same signifying swans at work in this composer's chosen poem by Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg. Struck by an analogy in the words for D. 774 (published in March 1827 as op. 72), I dug a little deeper and discovered multiple specimens of these emblematic creatures from Greek and Roman literature, medieval lore, Reformation iconography and Romantic art.
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Beaton, Roderick. "Imagining a Hellenic Republic, 1797–1824: Rigas, Korais, Byron." Comparative Critical Studies 15, no. 2 (2018): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2018.0287.
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The ‘New Constitution’ for a Hellenic Republic, published in Vienna by Rigas Velestinlis in 1797, was modelled closely on the French republican constitution of 1793, and envisaged what is now called a ‘civic nation’ based on inclusiveness and the ‘Rights of Man’. Rigas was arrested by the Austrian authorities, handed over to the Ottomans, and executed the following year. The turn from ‘civic’ to ‘ethnic’ nationalism among Greeks in the years leading up to the successful Revolution of 1821 is marked in the work of the influential classical scholar and national ideologue Adamantios Korais (Koraes, or Coray). Lord Byron, visiting Greek lands between 1809 and 1811, saw evidence for the enthusiasm with which Rigas was remembered and Korais was revered by the Greeks he met, and one of his early published works is a piece of revolutionary doggerel that at the time was attributed to Rigas. Byron's later determination to exchange the ‘words’ of the poet for the ‘things’ achieved by a statesman and man of action can be traced back to these early experiences in Greece – as well as to his ambivalent admiration for the more moderate among the leaders of the Revolution in France.
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Nicolet, Claude. "CivisandCitoyen." Government and Opposition 21, no. 2 (1986): 177–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1986.tb01115.x.
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GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITY IS SO EVIDENTLY PRESENT IN French revolutionary and imperial imagery that we are inclined to assign to it the role of a conscious model for a great number of ideas and even of institutions. The Frenchmen of the Republic and of the ‘Grande Nation’ would be, in short, resurrected Greeks and Romans, who would awaken the ‘dead world’ as Saint-Just called Rome. Indeed this received view is not wholly false or arbitrary. Perusal of the political literature – speeches, pamphlets, theoretical works – reveals that the allusions or references to Antiquity were something more than a fashion: from the ideological or cultural point of view, whether it is to identify with or get away from it, we think insistently and continuously of Sparta, Athens and Rome.
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Alonge, Tristan. "Les Suppliantes de Euripide (c.1540): A Lost Translation Recovered." Translation and Literature 28, no. 2-3 (2019): 249–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2019.0387.
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The manuscript shelfmarked Rothschild Supplement-2200 in the Bibliothèque nationale de France has recently been identified as a lost verse translation of Euripides' Suppliants, one of a series of French translations of Greek and Roman tragedies of the 1530s and 1540s which helped to usher in the beginning of French tragedy as a genre. This contribution provides a complete transcription of this anonymous work. An introduction provides some analysis of its form, content, and context. Much the strongest candidate as its likely author, it is argued, is Jacques Amyot.
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Sdobnova, Yulia N., and Аlla О. Manuhina. "From the history of one quote… (The role of the French language in the international arena in the XVI century: diachronic aspect)." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 5 (September 2020): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.5-20.018.
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The article is devoted to analyzing the role of the French language in the European society of the XVI century, when la langue francoyse becomes the common language of the communication to both in the field of the official correspondence and in the literature. The research is conducted in the diachronic aspect, concerning different extralinguistic factors (political, ideological, historical and cultural). The origins of this phenomenon are considered: for example, since the XI century, French language was the official language of the court of England and the aristocracy, and then became the working language of the court (le français du loi) and Parliament (the so-called Norman French). Gradually, the tendency to use French as a means of communication between the king and his entourage became the norm of court etiquette in Europe. The XVI century is not only the period of active formation of the French language as the national literary language of France, but also the time of its distribution in Europe as the language of diplomacy, international business and cultural communication of the European elite. The work shows how, due to the compositions of encyclopedic scientists, the work of Francophone teachers outside of France, and the popularization of the French language by translators-humanists (who served at the court of the king François I and his descendants), la langue francoyse consolidated its position in the international arena in the XVI century. At the same time, with the spread of translations into French from the ancient languages (Latin, ancient Greek) the interest of the secular elite of France increases to the past of Europe. And the translations into French from the “living” languages (Italian and Spanish) contributed to the interest to the current problems of modern European literature, as well as history, politics and culture, which was typical for the Renaissance. The article deals with the special attitude of the Renaissance to the French language through the prism of the language worldview of that epoch.
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Mladin, Constantin Ioan. "Considérations sur la modernisation et la redéfinition de la physionomie néolatine du roumain. Deux siècles d’influence française." Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies 2, no. 1 (2019): 124–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v2i1.18150.
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This contribution discusses the transformations of the Romanian language (in parallel with the modernization of the Romanian public institutions) inspired or triggered by the "French model".
 After some conceptual and terminological considerations (re-latinization, re-romanization, Latin-Roman occidentalization, re-occidentalization, modernity in the dynamics of the language), the author evokes the circumstances (historical, political, economic, cultural, social) that favored the franchizing of the Romanian language and details this process from a chronological perspective (the Hungarian and German branches, the Greek branch, the Russian branch).
 With the help of relevant examples, the most significant changes brought to Romanian by French influence (phonetic, lexical, semantic, morphosyntactic changes) are presented.
 The article insists on some complementary vectors in the process of franchising the Romanian language: the Phanariot princes, the preceptors and secretaries of the aristocratic families, the French consuls in the Romanian Principalities, the young people who had studied abroad and the emancipated women, the literature, the press, and the Francophone education.
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Tageldin, Shaden M. "Fénelon’s Gods, al-Ṭahṭāwī’s Jinn". Philological Encounters 2, № 1-2 (2017): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-00000023.
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Reading Rifāʿa al-Ṭahṭāwī’s 1850s Arabic translation (published 1867) of François Fénelon’sLes Aventures de Télémaquewith and against the realist impulses of nineteenth-century British and French literary comparatism, this essay posits al-Ṭahṭāwī’s translation as a transformational moment in the reception of the “European” literary tradition in the Arab-Islamic world. Arguing that the ancient Greek gods who populate Fénelon’s 1699 sequel to Homer’sOdysseyare analogous to Muslim jinn—spirits of smokeless fire understood to be real—al-Ṭahṭāwī rewrites as Islamized “truth” what Muslims long had dismissed as pagan “fiction,” thereby adroitly negotiating a crisis of comparison and mediating an epistemic sea change in modern Arabic fiction. Indeed, the “untrue” gods of the Greeks (and of French literature) turn not just real but historically referential: invoking the real-historical world of 1850s Egypt, al-Ṭahṭāwī’s translation exhorts an unjust Ottoman-Egyptian sovereign to heed lessons that Fénelon’s original once had addressed to French royalty. Catherine Gallagher has defined the fictionality specific to the modern European novel as neither pure deceit nor pure truth. How might al-Ṭahṭāwī’s rehabilitation of the mythological as the supernatural/historical “real”—and of the idolatrous as secular/sacred “truth”—invite us to rethink novelistic fictionality in trans-Mediterranean terms, across European and Arab-Islamic contexts?
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Emese, Egedi-Kovács. "A Barlám-Regény Kódexképei És Címsorai (Cod. Athon. Iviron 463)." Antik Tanulmányok 64, no. 2 (2020): 203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/092.2020.00014.
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A tanulmány az Athós-hegyi Iviron 463-as jelzetű kétnyelvű (ógörög-ófrancia) bizánci kézirat különféle rétegeinek (ógörög főszöveg, miniatúrák, lapszélen szereplő ófrancia fordítás, ófrancia címsorok) összefüggéseit vizsgálja újabb megközelítésből, korábban nem vizsgált szempontok bevonásával: a miniatúrák és az ófrancia szövegben szereplő piros tintával kiemelt címsorok közötti kapcsolat feltárásával. A tanulmány a Barlám-regény görög változatait megőrző kódexek – ivironi kézirat szempontjából fontos – magyarázó címeit is áttekinti, a kéziratok közötti közös elemeket vizsgálja. Az elemzés az ivironi kódex készítésének körülményeivel kapcsolatban újabb fontos összefüggésekre világít rá.The study examines the relations between different aspects (Ancient Greek main text, miniatures, Old French translation on the margins, Old French headlines) of the manuscript Iviron № 463, which is a bilingual (Ancient Greek-Old French) Byzantine manuscript kept on Mount Athos, from a new perspective by including formerly not investigated viewpoints: by exploring the relationship between the miniatures and the headlines that are highlighted by red ink in the Old French text. The study also mentions the explanatory inscriptions in codices that preserved the Greek versions of the Barlaam-romance and are relevant in connection with the Iviron manuscript, furthermore, it investigates the common features of the manuscripts. The analysis reveals new important relations regarding the circumstances of the creation of codex Iviron.
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Yamagata, Naoko. "Young And old in Homer and in Heike Monogatari." Greece and Rome 40, no. 1 (1993): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001738350002252x.
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Homer's epics have been compared with many other epic traditions in the world, such as Sumerian, Indian, Serbo-Croatian, Medieval German, and Old French epics, from various points of view, such as narrative techniques, genesis of traditions, oral or writtern nature of texts, and motifs. If comparative studies of the existing sort have any significance, it is rather surprising that there has been no serious attempt to compare Homer's epics and Heike monogatari(translated as The Tale of the Heike, Heikefor short), the best of the medieval Japanese epics, for there are many reasons to believe that the comparison could be worthwhile.1 While many of the oral epic traditions in Europe, including Homer, have been long dead, the Heikehas kept a lively tradition of performance (chanting accompanied by a type of lute) by travelling bards until recently, and still today there are a few performers. One can therefore still obtain first-hand knowledge of the performance which might throw light on some unknown features of oral epics.2 Rather like Homer's influence over Greek literature and culture, the Heikehas influenced the way of life and thinking of the Japanese profoundly thanks to its popularity and wide circulation. The way in which the Heikeinfluenced other arts, such as no plays, is comparable to Homer's influence on later Greek literature such as tragedy,3 and the way the Heike'swarriors set models for later warrior ethics4 is comparable to the Homeric influence on the later Greek senses of virtue (arete), honour time), shame (aidoōs), and so on.
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Κουντουρατζόγλου, Ευσεβία Ιωάννης. "Εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση και εκμάθηση της γαλλικής γλώσσας. / Distance learning and teaching of French language." Διεθνές Συνέδριο για την Ανοικτή & εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση 10, № 2Α (2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/icodl.2327.
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Περίληψη Το πρώτο μέρος της παρούσας εργασίας έχει ως στόχο να παραθέσει τα κύρια χαρακτηριστικά των μεθόδων διδασκαλίας: συμπεριφορισμό, γνωστικισμό, εποικοδομισμό, κοννεκτιβισμό (συνδεσιμότητα) και μέσω της σύγχρονης βιβλιογραφίας να επισημάνει την παρουσία τους στα στάδια εξέλιξης (στις γενιές) της εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης. Το δεύτερο μέρος της εργασίας θα εστιάσει στην αναγκαιότητα της εισαγωγή της εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης στα δημόσια ελληνικά σχολεία για την εκμάθηση της γαλλικής γλώσσας. Θα μελετηθεί η περίπτωση της περιφέρειας Δυτικής Μακεδονίας. Σύμφωνα με την Glikman :« η εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση δεν αφορά μόνο τους ενήλικες, αφορά επίσης και τους μαθητές της πρωτοβάθμιας και δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης όταν υπάρχει δυσκολία μετακίνησης (άρρωστα, ανάπηρα παιδιά) ή όταν διαμένουν μακριά από μία σχολική μονάδα (σε περιοχές δύσκολα προσβάσιμες/δυσπρόσιτες, ορεινές περιοχές, μικρά νησιά)». (2002: 15-16). Οι ερευνητικές ερωτήσεις που προκύπτουν λοιπόν είναι: Ποια είναι τα κύρια χαρακτηριστικά των μεθόδων εκπαίδευσης; Εμπλέκονται όλες αυτές οι μέθοδοι στην εξέλιξη της εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση; Γιατί η γαλλική γλώσσα που διδάσκεται στα δημόσια ελληνικά σχολεία χρειάζεται την εισαγωγή της εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης; Τι συμβαίνει με την περίπτωση της Δυτικής Μακεδονίας; Θα γίνει προσπάθεια να απαντηθούν όλα αυτά τα ερωτήματα λαμβάνοντας υπόψη μας την σύγχρονη βιβλιογραφία και τη θέση της γαλλικής γλώσσας στα δημόσια ελληνικά σχολεία. AbstractThe first part of the present assignment aims at quoting the main characteristics of methods of education: behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, connectivism and at highlighting their presence in stages of development (generations) of distance learning through a review of academic literature. The second part of this article will point out the necessity of the introduction of distance learning in Greek public schools for the learning of the French language. We will also examine the case of the region of Western Macedonia. According to Glikman:“Distance learning doesn’t concern only adults, but it also concerns primary and secondary school pupils, when there is inability to commute (sick, handicapped people) or when they reside far away from an educational institution (regions with difficult access, mountain regions, small islands)”. (2002: 15-16). As far as the above arguments is concerned, the following questions are raised: Which are the main characteristics of methods of education? Are they involved in the progress of distance learning? Why does the French language, taught in Greek public schools, need the introduction of distance learning? What happens in the case of Western Macedonia? We will attempt to answer these questions by following the current literature and the position of French language in Greek public schools.
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Glaser, Anna, Sonia Ben Slimane, Claire Auplat, and Régis Coeurderoy. "Enabling nanotechnology entrepreneurship in a French context." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 23, no. 4 (2016): 1009–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-10-2015-0139.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to build a holistic theoretical framework of enabling factors contributing to the development of enterprise in nanotechnology-related industries, in a French context. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review methodology was adopted. The review used three gauges to identify enabling factors contributing to the development of enterprise in nanotechnology-related industries in a French context: first, it analysed the literature related to the development of nanotechnologies in a perspective of sustainability in a multidisciplinary stance (“Green view”). Second, it took a disciplinary stance by exploring academic journals in the field of entrepreneurship (“Entrepreneurship view”). Third, it studied the perspective of France (“French view”). Findings The main finding is that in spite of different approaches and sometimes seemingly conflicting stances, the three views converge on three enabling factors: the importance of knowledge sharing across boundaries, access to university scientists and facilities, and government intervention. However, each view also has its particularities: the “Green view” emphasizes the need for civil society inclusion, the “Entrepreneurship view” underlines the importance of early stage capital and entrepreneurial behaviour and the “French view” concentrates on the role of clusters. Research limitations/implications The paper provides a theoretical framework and a starting point for further work on entrepreneurial nanotechnology facilitation. Its findings constitute a benchmark which may be tested in empirical cases. The focus on the French context may be seen as a limitation but also as a source of interesting comparative work focussing on other national or regional contexts. Practical implications The paper shows that public policy is an important element in the nascent field of enterprise development for nano-based materials. It outlines how different contexts create different barriers to entrepreneurship, and it proposes recommendations to overcome some of these barriers. Originality/value In this paper, findings result from an exploration of the nanotechnology literature that focusses solely on nanotechnology data sets and not on mixed data sets. The use of three different gauges leads to the construction of a holistic theoretical framework that includes enabling factors as well as the types of barriers that entrepreneurs have to overcome to succeed.
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Janković-Beguš, Jelena. "Playing the game with aleatorics and narrativity: Linaia-Agon by Iannis Xenakis." New Sound, no. 48-2 (2016): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/newso1648109j.
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In this article I examine the piece Linaia-Agon for brass trio (1972) by Greek-French composer Iannis Xenakis, one of only three pieces by this composer, which are commonly referred to in literature as "game-pieces", from the perspective of Roger Caillois' typology of games, stemming from the social sciences, as well as from the framework of the mathematical game theory and its branch probability theory. Xenakis' "game pieces" belong to the field of controlled aleatorics, because they employ a certain level of indeterminacy; here I argue that it is precisely in this aspect of indeterminacy that their nature "as games" is revealed. I am concerned with the "translation" of the Ancient Greek legend about the musician Linos and the God Apollo - and of the mathematical calculations - into the language of the West European avant-garde music of the second half of the 20th century.
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Černáková, Zuzana. "The naming of Byzantium and the Old FrenchPartonopeus de Blois." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 43, no. 1 (2019): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/byz.2018.24.
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This paper draws attention to the twelfth-century French romance Partonopeus de Blois and its author's original use of the name ‘Byzantium’ instead of conventional ‘Greek’ or ‘Constantinopolitan Empire’. It investigates roots of the modern-day belief that the term has been applied as a designation of the medieval state only since the sixteenth century. A linguistic and literary analysis challenges the premise and explores possible scenarios of the name's introduction into the Old French text. A suggested interpretation de-emphasizes the popular east-west ideological context in favour of simpler story-telling concerns.
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Trygub, O. P., and O. V. Osypenko. "South Ukraine Greek community under revolutionary upheavals and armed conflicts (1917–1920)." Rusin, no. 63 (2021): 156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/63/8.
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The revolutionary changes of 1917 contributed to the intensification of the political, national, and cultural life of the Greek community of the entire Black Sea and Azov Sea coasts, where the national states emerged on the shards of the former Russian Empire. In contrast to the Azov Sea region, where the Greeks had an active social and political life and by the end of 1917 had formed the Mariupol Union of the Hellenic People, the Greeks of the Northern Black Sea region were quite apolitical and inactive. Their attitude to the Ukrainian and Soviet powers was rather ambiguous, and during 1917 they maintained, mainly, a wait and see position. Only individual representatives of the Greek people were affiliated with one or another party, which was more an exception than a typical feature of the Greek community. The Greeks fought in the ranks of the Imperial Army, N. Makhno’s Rebel Army, in the Red Army, in regular units and partisan detachments of the Volunteer Army. In contrast to the rural population, which opposed the Volunteer Army and its policies, the urban communities of Odessa, Nikolaev, and Kherson actively supported both the French-Greek Entente troops and Denikin’s Volunteer Army. Most urban Greeks were well-to-do middle-class persons running small and medium businesses (restaurants, hotels, grocery stores, various workshops, etc.) and did not accept the ideas of social and property equality proclaimed by the Bolsheviks. The article draws on the periodical press and undefined documents of the Soviet Special Services to define the role of the Greek communies of the Ukrainian Black Sea Region cities in the revolutionary events. The authors analyze the role of the Greek community members in the military and political events of 1917–1920 and their attitude to the changing powers, participation in the revolutionary struggle, the reasons for the emigration of 1919–1920, and Bolshevik repressions against the Greek ethnos. It is concluded that the Greek community of the Northern Black Sea region suffered the greatest losses as a result of mass emigration, rather than civil confrontation during the revolution time.
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Chiffoleau, Yuna, and Tara Dourian. "Sustainable Food Supply Chains: Is Shortening the Answer? A Literature Review for a Research and Innovation Agenda." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (2020): 9831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239831.
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Short food supply chains (SFSCs) are increasingly garnering attention in food systems research, owing to their rising popularity among consumers, producers and policy-makers in the last few decades. Written with the aim to identify research gaps for the Horizon Europe research and innovation programme, this literature review provides a state of play of the definition and characterisation of SFSCs, and of their sustainability. Drawing on hypotheses about SFSC sustainability elaborated in an expert network in France, this review summarises a wide range of papers from various disciplines in the SFSC literature, written in English or French, while specifically highlighting the empirical results derived from European projects. Though the literature tends to generally agree on the social benefits of SFSCs, their economic and environmental impacts typically elicit more heterogeneous outcomes, while their health/nutrition and governance dimensions remain under-explored. Based on this review, recommendations for a future research and innovation programme are outlined, addressing the contribution of SFSCs to agrifood system transition and resilience in the current context of the Covid-19 crisis and of the Green New Deal objectives.
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Cannizzaro, Francesco, Stefano Fanucchi, Francesco Morosi, and Leyla Ozbek. "SKĒPTRON IN SOPHOCLES’ OEDIPVS REX." Classical Quarterly 69, no. 2 (2019): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838819000909.
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In Sophocles’ Oedipus Coloneus, after laying hands on Antigone and Ismene, Creon ridicules Oedipus by saying these words (OC 848–9):οὔκουν ποτ’ ἐκ τούτοιν γε μὴ σκήπτροιν ἔτιὁδοιπορήσῃς.Then you shall never more walk with the aid of these two props!It is possible that Creon is here alluding to Oedipus’ actual appearance throughout the play. As far as we know, Oedipus comes on stage with no walking stick, and uses Antigone and Ismene as a crutch while walking. Creon's comparing Oedipus’ daughters to a crutch, however, is also metaphorical. Such a metaphor is quite common in some modern languages (for example in Italian, ‘bastone della vecchiaia’, or in French, ‘bâton de vieillesse’), but was known by ancient Greek poetry as well. In Euripides’ Hecuba, for instance, Hecuba depicts her daughter Polyxena as her crutch (281 βάκτρον).
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Battezzato, Luigi. "Techniques of reading and textual layout in ancient Greek texts." Cambridge Classical Journal 55 (December 2009): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1750270500000166.
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This proverb, attributed to Menander in a Byzantine collection, points to the simple paradox of reading: readers are able to see both the shape of letters and the meaning conveyed by them. How does mind get from visual recognition to the recognition of meaning? The step sounds incredibly simple when we make it, but becomes exceedingly complex to explain. Strangely enough, the step is not executed in the same way for all languages and scripts.The ability to recognise shapes must be assisted by the interpreting activity of specific parts of the brain. A famous nineteenth-century medical case tells the story of a ‘French Businessman and amateur musician who woke up one day to discover that he could barely read a word’; as a consequence of a stroke, he could ‘no longer read words, name colours, or read musical notes, despite having completely intact vision’ (Wolf (2008) 171). Vision is thus a necessary but not sufficient requisite for reading.Different systems of writing make use of different parts of the brain. Another case tells us yet again about a businessman ‘proficient in Chinese and English’ who ‘suffered a severe stroke in the posterior areas.
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Massé, Alexandre. "French consuls and Philhellenism in the 1820s: official positions and personal sentiments." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 41, no. 1 (2017): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/byz.2016.31.
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In 1821, the Greek uprising against Ottoman rule gave rise to a sympathetic movement in Europe: Philhellenism. France decided to remain neutral. Yet when trying to apply this neutrality in practice, the French consuls in the Ottoman Empire encountered several problems, such as the arrival of Philhellenic volunteer fighters. Furthermore, they were torn between their professional obligations and their personal views. In this context, how did the consuls perceive Philhellenism and the Philhellenic volunteers? To what extent were they able to express their Philhellenism or Mishellenism? This study examines consular correspondence of the period in an attempt to answer these questions.
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Lavoie, Pierre. "Michel Tremblay, dramaturge-démiurge." Theatre Research International 17, no. 3 (1992): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300016539.
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During the twenty years separating Gratien Gélinas's Tit-Coq in 1948, a play considered a foundation piece of Québécois (as opposed to French-Canadian) dramaturgy, and the 1968 creation of Michel Tremblay's Les Belles-Sœurs which opens the era of ‘new’ Québécois dramaturgy, Quebec society underwent a radical change. It was no longer traditional, religious and rural, but had become fully urbanized.A quarter of a century later, Michel Tremblay has published over twenty books—novels, plays and screenplays—composing an original body of work which reflects, sometimes almost clinically and through the use of joual (the idiomatic French spoken in the working-class district of East Montreal) the local Québécois reality. At the same time, it has a universal value: to a typically Montreal universe, Tremblay's creation integrates dramaturgical influences ranging from Greek tragedy to Tennessee Williams. The result is a unique and strong combination of a musical language, with powerful monologues and vivid dialogues, and of innovative dramatic structures reflecting (in a lucid and ironic manner) a society in quest of its identity, torn between traditional values centred on the family unit, and the liberating, dream world of the theatre.
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Braund, Susanna. "TABLEAUX AND SPECTACLES: APPRECIATION OF SENECAN TRAGEDY BY EUROPEAN DRAMATISTS OF THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES." Ramus 46, no. 1-2 (2017): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rmu.2017.7.
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Did Sophocles or Seneca exercise a greater influence on Renaissance drama? While the twenty-first century public might assume the Greek dramatist, in recent decades literary scholars have come to appreciate that the model of tragedy for the Renaissance was the plays of the Roman Seneca rather than those of the Athenian tragedians. In his important essay on Seneca and Shakespeare written in 1932, T.S. Eliot wrote that Senecan sensibility was ‘the most completely absorbed and transmogrified, because it was already the most diffused’ in Shakespeare's world. Tony Boyle, one of the leading rehabilitators of Seneca in recent years, has rightly said, building on the work of Robert Miola and Gordon Braden in particular, that ‘Seneca encodes Renaissance theatre’ from the time that Albertino Mussato wrote his neo-Latin tragedy Ecerinis in 1315 on into the seventeenth century. The present essay offers a complement and supplement to previous scholarship arguing that Seneca enjoyed a status at least equal to that of the Athenian tragedians for European dramatists of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. My method will be to examine two plays, one in French and one in English, where the authors have combined dramatic elements taken from Seneca with elements taken from Sophocles. My examples are Robert Garnier's play, staged and published in 1580, entitled Antigone ou La Piété (Antigone or Piety), and the highly popular play by John Dryden and Nathaniel Lee entitled Oedipus, A Tragedy, staged in 1678 and published the following year.
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Aronsson, Mattias. "”Jag satt till bords med de bästa”. Interkulturella möten i Vilhelm Ekelunds verk." European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 45, no. 1 (2015): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2015-0003.
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Abstract The Swedish poet, essayist and aphorist Vilhelm Ekelund wrote extensively on the topic of foreign authors. Some of these writers represent the Greek and Roman cultural heritage; some belong to the modern-day literary canon. This article investigates the nature of these “intercultural encounters” in Ekelund’s body of work. By processing data from Andar i den Ekelundska sfären (1989) and Konkordans till Vilhelm Ekelunds skrifter (2000), we have been able to count all references made to the most important individuals appearing in Ekelund’s texts. At the top end of the table we find such prominent writers as Goethe (1343 references), Nietzsche (985) and Plato (503 references). We show that Ekelund’s oeuvre is largely dominated by male authors and philosophers of Western cultural heritage: the most prominently figured foreign nationalities being German (20,7%), Greek (10,1%), French (9,2%) and Roman (5,4%) writers. The quantitative method applied in our study is a good complement to more textcentered approaches to literature. In this case, it allows us to determine, with a great deal of accuracy, the extent and nature of the intercultural encounters in Vilhelm Ekelund’s body of work.
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Potter, Paul. "Mirko D. Grmek: Diseases in the Ancient Greek World (Translated by Mireille Muellner and Leonard Muellner). Pp. xiv + 458. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989 (originally published in French, 1983). £29." Classical Review 41, no. 1 (1991): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x00278761.
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Karabıçak, Yusuf Ziya. "Ottoman Attempts to Define the Rebels During the Greek War of Independence." Studia Islamica 114, no. 3 (2020): 316–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19585705-12341403.
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Abstract This article uses tools developed by conceptual history to examine what it might have meant for Ottoman officials in Istanbul to use the term Rum milleti during the Greek War of Independence. The revolution that started in 1821 has been seen as the first successful national uprising in Europe. It has long been ascertained that the Ottomans did not understand the national undertones that was seen in the declarations of the leaders of the Greek Revolution. Moreover, the Ottoman response to the eruption of this revolution has generally been examined in the context of Istanbul, Morea and the Danubian Principalities. The goal of this paper is to broaden our understanding of the intellectual and spatial limits of the Ottoman response to the Greek War of Independence. It starts with an examination of the Ottoman response to the French Revolution and to the Serbian revolt of 1804 to follow the trajectories of the term millet. It points out to the limitations of the Islamic understanding of the revolts of subject populations by testing some intellectual tools that were used to surpass such limitations.
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Mihály, Vilma. "Europe’s Fe/Male Identity." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 5, no. 1 (2013): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2014-0003.
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Abstract The following study discusses Europe’s identity focussing upon questions such as how Europa’s destiny-the next of kin from Greek mythology-has influenced that of the continent, the relationship between Europe and its nations or Europe’s role in the world. According to French anthropologist Annick de Souzenelle. there is a lunar, that is female and a solar, that is a male side to both Europa and Europe but whereas the mythical figure failed to find and integrate the opposite within herself, Europe does still have the opportunity to discover its solar aspects and reach unity within itself and the world as a whole. Apart from the theory the present paper also tries to give examples from different fields of study such as politics, philosophy and literature, which shall underline Europe’s fe/male identity and role. e. g. Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech. Jose Ortega y Gasset’s Meditation on Europe. Sándor Márai’s Europe’s Abduction or Czeszlaw Milosz’s Native Realm.
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Ardeleanu, Sanda-Maria, and Cristina Ioniță. "The Reading Horizont of Adam Smith from the Perspective of His Italian Library." European Journal of Language and Literature 4, no. 4 (2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v4i4.p60-66.
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The paper proposes understanding the reading interest in Italian of the thinker Adam Smith (1723-1790), author of the Theory of Moral Sentiments and of the Wealth of Nations from the perspective of the partial review of his library’s catalogue, with approximately 1,000 titles published in English, French, Italian, Greek and Latin. The list of books published in Italian, which Adam Smith purchased for his library and we assume he also read, since he quoted some, represent the Appendix of the present work. From his Italian library, 60 volumes were identified, published between 1547 (B. Castiglione, Il Cortegiano) and 1784 (32 volumes from Parnaso Italiano ovvero Raccolto de’ Poeti Classici Italiani). Just a few years before his death, the great admiror of Italian literature, assiduous reader of Italian poetry, drama, memoirs, correspondence, biographies, jurisprudence, economics, art and history (especially that of Venice and Florence) was still purchasing and reading books from the Italian states, a fact which sketches a personality with a profound cultural and humanities features.
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KHOSHNEVISAN, BABAK. "Spilling the Beans on Understanding English Idioms Using Multimodality: An Idiom Acquisition Technique for Iranian Language Learners." International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication 8 (April 15, 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ijltic.20281.
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Idioms are ubiquitous in English language. Despite their ubiquity, learning idioms is a thorny issue for second language learners. Multiple researchers have scrutinized different aspects of idiom learning by second language learners: important factors in processing idioms in L2 (Cieślicka, 2015); the incorporation of technology in idiom learning (Khoshnevisan, 2018b); idiom assessment (Khoshnevisan, 2018a). A number of studies have been conducted concerning the application of the Idiom Diffusion Model—an L2 idiom processing model—to develop the idiomatic competence of learners, however, the pertinent literature is sparse: Greek, German, and French (Liontas, 1997); Greek (Katsarou, 2013); Korean (Türker, 2016). It turns out that the application of the model to Persian language learners is missing. To address the gap, the author conducted a qualitative study to explore the perceptions of Iranian language learners about using a website to learn idioms. The researcher employed an online questionnaire to delve into the learners’ perceptions. The findings imply that the majority of the participants used video and picture modules to arrive at the figurative meaning of the idiomatic phrases. However, in terms of semi and post-lexical idioms, most learners benefited from translations to decode the meanings. The findings corroborate the theory that translation facilitates learning idioms.
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Quanrud, John. "The Albanoi in Michael Attaleiates’ History: revisiting the Vranoussi-Ducellier debate." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 45, no. 2 (2021): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/byz.2021.11.
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Half a century ago, the Greek academic Era Vranoussi presented Balkan and Byzantine studies with a new theory. She argued that the people named Albanoi in Michael Attaleiates’ History were not Balkan Albanians, but rather Normans in southern Italy. A debate ensued with French Byzantinist Alain Ducellier that was never resolved. More recently, some notable scholars have begun to incorporate Vranoussi's hypothesis into their work. This article re-examines Vranoussi's arguments and concludes that the evidence favours the traditional reading of Albanoi as Balkan Albanians over the interpretation of this ethnonym as an obscure reference to Norman mercenaries in territories south of Rome.
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Classen, Albrecht. "The Romance of Thebes (Roman de Thèbes), trans. by Joan M. Ferrante and Robert W. Hanning. The French of England Translation Series (FRETS), 11. Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2018, ix, 365." Mediaevistik 32, no. 1 (2020): 432–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2019.01.101.
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Much of high medieval culture was deeply influenced by the reception of classical literature, as best represented by the genre of the romans antiques, the Roman de Thèbes, the Roman d’Enéas, and the Roman de Troie. These were based, in turn, on the Thebaid of Statius (92 C.E.), Vergil’s Aeneid (after 19 B.C.E.), and the story of Troy as retold by Dares Phrygias and Dictys Cretensis (in Greek, first century C.E., lost today; in Latin, fourth century C.E. [Dictys] and sixth century C.E. respectively [Dares]). Two of the most respected medieval French scholars, Joan M. Ferrante and Robert W. Hanning, now provide new access to the Roman de Thèbe through their English translation, which they have based on the personal copy owned by Henry Despenser (1370–1406), Bishop of Norwich, well known especially for his ruthless suppression of the Peasant Revolt in 1381. This manuscript is today housed in the British Library, London, under Add. 34114, fol. 164a-226d, and it was critically edited by Francine Mora-Lebrun with a facing page modern French translation in 1995. Ms. A (Paris, BnF, fr. 375) was recently edited by Luca di Sabatino (2016), which could not be consulted here for obvious reasons. Ms. C (Paris, BnF, fr. 784) was edited by Guy Reynaud de Lage in 1966, 1968, then re-edited along with a facing-page modern French translation by Aimé Petit in 2008).
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Hale, John K. "Observations on Milton’s Accents." Renaissance and Reformation 31, no. 3 (2009): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v31i3.11626.
Full textAbstract:
Milton’s diacritics in six languages, though mostly typical of his time, allow some inferences about his language attainments and scholarship. For Latin verse, he uses accents to disambiguate rhythm or meaning. For Greek scholarship, he is punctilious. Italian authors are culture to him, French ones merely data. His Hebrew accents suggest neither a theological fundamentalist nor a textual conservative. His English verse ones reflect both etymology and rhythm, but where these part company he gives priority to rhythm.
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Batt, Catherine, and Ad Putter. "'Sir Gawain and the Green Knight' and French Arthurian Romance." Modern Language Review 92, no. 3 (1997): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3733401.
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Mariani, Massimo, Paola Amoruso, Alessandra Caragnano, and Marianna Zito. "Green Real Estate: Does It Create Value? Financial and Sustainability Analysis on European Green REITs." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 7 (2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n7p80.
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Sustainability represents an innovative component of profitability for real estate finance, and among other instruments, real estate funds include a “green” component represented by certified buildings.In particular, the adopted selection criteria refer to the two European most widespread certifications: LEED and BREEAM.The objective is to demonstrate the degree of correlation between the adoption of implemented sustainable policies and financial performance. For this purpose Fama-French Five Factor Model has been applied.This work is oriented in validating the hypothesis, which states that sustainable and environmentally friendly components positively affect the performances of investment portfolios, focusing on the European property management industry. Therefore, this paper has the ambitious aim of filling the gap in current literature on REITs mainly focused on the US market.
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Urválková, Zuzana. "Die Dialoge des Lukian von Samosata im literarischen Kontext des tschechischen Klassizismus." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 65, no. 1 (2020): 21–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2020-0002.
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SummaryThe study is focused on the reception of the then-popular Dialogues of the Dead / Conversations by Syrian philosopher and rhetorician Lucian of Samosata (120 AD-180 AD) in Czech literature on the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, with occasional insight into the intermediary French and German reception. Thanks to their linguistic refinement, Lucian’s dialogues quickly became a popular reading for the learning of Greek at the time, and in the 18th century, they contributed significantly to the development of journalism. This tendency was also present in the revivalist journal Hlasatel český during the period of 1806–1808 when it featured translations of several of Lucian’s dialogues alongside Jungmann’s conversation On the Czech Tongue (1808). The said conversations evoke the form of Lucianesque dialogues of the dead, which was to be the model of antiquity for the Czech classicism of the time, and they fill this form with thoughts of enlightenment and contemporary nationalism while capitalizing on the models of contemporary educational practices at Prague universities.