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1

Dr., Marios Kyriakidis. ""Sovereignty and Geopolitical Strategy in the Modern History of Greece: The Role of the Greek Army, Military Diplomacy, and Pedagogy through the Montreux Convention (1936) and Paris Peace Treaties (1947)"." ISRG Journal of Arts Humanities & Social Sciences (ISRGJAHSS) III, no. I (2025): 69–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14615150.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> <em>This study examines the pivotal role of the Greek army, military diplomacy, and pedagogy in shaping Greece's sovereignty and geopolitical strategy through the lens of three key international treaties: the Montreux Convention (1936), and the Paris Peace Treaties (1947). Positioned at a critical geopolitical crossroads, Greece leveraged its military and diplomatic capabilities to navigate complex international landscapes during the interwar period, World War II, and the Cold War. The Montreux Convention redefined maritime control, with Greece asserting strategic int
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2

Dr., Marios Kyriakidis. "" Fugitives of War: Desertion, Defection, and Military Disobedience in the Greek Army (1821–1949)"." ISRG Journal of Arts Humanities & Social Sciences (ISRGJAHSS) III, no. I (2025): 449–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14856360.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> <em>Military history often glorifies heroism, discipline, and loyalty, leaving the stories of desertion, defection, and military disobedience largely unexamined. This study, "Fugitives of War: Desertion, Defection, and Military Disobedience in the Greek Army (1821&ndash;1949)," explores the phenomenon of military desertion across pivotal moments in modern Greek history. From the Greek War of Independence (1821&ndash;1829) to the Greek Civil War (1946&ndash;1949), this research examines the motives, consequences, and historical silence surrounding Greek soldiers who ab
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3

Dr., Marios Kyriakidis. ""Military Training, Espionage, and Counter-Espionage in the Modern History of the Greek Army (1821–1947): A Strategic Evolution in Military Pedagogy"." ISRG Journal of Arts Humanities & Social Sciences (ISRGJAHSS) III, no. I (2025): 58–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14615128.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> <em>This study examines the evolution of military training, espionage, and counter-espionage within the Greek Army from 1821 to 1947, a period marked by Greece's struggle for independence, state-building, and participation in major global conflicts. It explores the foundational role of military pedagogy in shaping the Greek Army's strategic capabilities, tracing its development from informal guerilla tactics during the War of Independence to the establishment of structured training systems and academies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</em> <em>The research
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Dr., Marios Kyriakidis. ""Post-Lausanne Greece: Military Pedagogy of the Greek Army, Diplomatic Strategies, and Civil-Military Dynamics in the Interwar Period (1923–1939)"." ISRG Journal of Arts Humanities & Social Sciences (ISRGJAHSS) III, no. I (2025): 46–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14615079.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> <em>This study examines Greece's trajectory following the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), with a focus on the interplay between military pedagogy, civil-military relations, and diplomacy in the interwar period (1923&ndash;1939). It explores how the Greek Army adapted its military education and strategy in response to shifting regional dynamics and geopolitical pressures, particularly in its relationship with Turkey and neighboring states. Key developments include the Treaty of Ankara (1930), signaling rapprochement with Turkey, and Greece&rsquo;s participation in the Balka
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5

Taki, Victor. "Russian military perspectives on the Ottoman Empire during the Greek War of Independence." Open Military Studies 2, no. 1 (2022): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openms-2022-0135.

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Abstract The refusal of Alexander I to declare war on the Ottoman Empire in support of the Greek Uprising in 1821 provided Russian military men with a possibility to reflect on the past Russian–Ottoman wars and prepare the best strategy for future confrontation. One of the aspects of this reflection was the growing interest of Russian military planners in the ethno-confessional composition and political attitudes of the local population in the territory of the prospective war theater. This article argues that increased attention to the population reflected the desire of the tsarist planners to
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6

Pitsoulis, Athanassios, and Soeren C. Schwuchow. "Coercion, Credibility, and Mid-Air Interceptions of Military Planes." Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20, no. 4 (2014): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2014-0040.

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AbstractPointing out the remarkable levels of hostile interaction in the air space over contested territory between states like China and Japan or Greece and Turkey we argue that air space incursions can be interpreted as a rational strategy with ultimately political aims. In our interpretation deliberate intrusions of military aircraft into sensitive air space serve as an indirect risk-generating mechanism, as they will trigger scrambles of the opposed government’s air force which may escalate into a military crisis. We derive testable hypotheses from a game-theoretic model, which we develope
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7

Dr., Marios Kyriakidis. ""Letters from the Front: The Greek Army in Modern History Through Soldiers' Writings (1821–1949)"." ISRG Journal of Arts Humanities & Social Sciences (ISRGJAHSS) III, no. I (2025): 413–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14840336.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> <em>This study explores the lived experiences of Greek soldiers through their personal writings - letters, diaries, and memoirs - spanning from the Greek War of Independence (1821&ndash;1830) to the Greek Civil War (1946&ndash;1949). While military history has traditionally emphasized strategy, leadership, and battlefield outcomes, this research shifts the focus to the voices of ordinary soldiers, revealing their perceptions of war, hardship, identity, and duty. By analyzing unpublished and lesser-known sources, the study examines how soldiers expressed their emotions
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8

Tsailas, Demetrios. "The Reaction of the Armed Forces to Hybrid Threats - the Greek Case." Security science journal 1, no. 2 (2020): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/ssj.1.2.6.

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We know that the strategy must create the basic knowledge that links both the ways and the means to achieve the desired political goals and strategic results. This logical method is a continuous thought process that provides strategic intent and informs ways, creating links to strategic planning that lead to the use of means, in military operations. This factor is the element that includes calculating, sleight and creating a logic or chain of results in strategy. In this paper, after considering a strategy distillation, we will analyze the context of hybrid warfare in strategic planning, which
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9

Dr., Marios Kyriakidis. "" NATO Intelligence and Greek Military Strategy: Past, Present, and Future Developments in European Security"." ISRG Journal of Arts Humanities & Social Sciences (ISRGJAHSS) III, no. III (2025): 184–200. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15479825.

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<em>Greece's military intelligence has played a crucial yet often overlooked role within NATO&rsquo;s strategic framework. As a NATO member since 1952, Greece has navigated complex geopolitical challenges while integrating into the alliance&rsquo;s evolving intelligence structures. This study examines the historical evolution, contemporary significance, and future trajectory of NATO intelligence and Greek military strategy, analyzing Greece&rsquo;s intelligence contributions in Cold War operations, post-9/11 counterterrorism efforts, and modern cybersecurity threats. The research also explores
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10

Pastourmatzi, Domna. "Researching and Teaching Science Fiction in Greece." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, no. 3 (2004): 530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081204x20613.

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In the dreams our stuff is made of, Thomas M. Disch talks about the influence and pervasiveness of science Fiction in American culture and asserts the genre's power in “such diverse realms as industrial design and marketing, military strategy, sexual mores, foreign policy, and practical epistemology” (11-12). A few years earlier, Sharona Ben-Tov described science fiction as “a peculiarly American dream”—that is, “a dream upon which, as a nation, we act” (2). Recently, Kim Stanley Robinson has claimed that “rapid technological development on all fronts combined to turn our entire social reality
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11

Moralee, Jason. "It’s in the Water: Byzantine Borderlands and the Village War." Humanities 7, no. 3 (2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h7030086.

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This essay examines Byzantine military manuals created between the sixth to the tenth centuries for what they can reveal about Byzantine imperial attitudes toward the landscapes of war and those who inhabit them. Of foremost concern in these sources is the maintenance of ‘security’ (Greek: asphaleia) by commanders with the necessary quality of ‘experience’ (Greek: peira). Experience meant knowing how to best exploit the land, including the villages under Byzantine authority, in the prosecution of war. Exploitation in the name of security involved destroying villages, using villages and their i
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12

Kleymeonov, A. A. "SHORTLY BEFORE CHAERONEA: ABOUT THE GREEK-MACEDONIAN MILITARY CONFRONTATION IN 339 – 338 BC." TULA SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN. HISTORY. LINGUISTICS, no. 3(19) (December 5, 2024): 8–23. https://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2024-3-8-23.

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The article examines the actions of the Macedonian king Philip II’s army and the anti-Macedonian coa-lition troops of the in Central Greece during the time immediately preceding the Bat-tle of Chaeronea in 338 BC. The author states that military activity began in the autumn of 339 BC, when, as part of the Expansion of Macedonia, Philip invaded the region and unexpectedly captured the city of Elatea, which was of great strategic importance. The result was the rapid advance of the Atheni-an army into Boeotia and the formation of the Athenian-Theban coalition, which some other policies joined a l
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13

Karageorgou, Elissavet, Georgios Deligeorgiou, Lazaros Rizopoulos, and Theodoros Stefou. "Professional Development in Greek Military Services. Searching a Dominant Leadership Style." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 4 (2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v2i4.p8-13.

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Leadership is a focal concept to the functioning of all modern organizations. The leader of an organization is the architect required to create vision and strategy. Management and leadership, the third ranking of administration, is a motivating and guiding Human Resource (HR) in order to contribute effectively to achieving the objectives of an organization. A military service is a complex living mixture of body collections, roles, rules and culture. In terms of numbers, the Greek Army has hundreds of hierarchical structures and about 70,000 active personnel. There is a clear gradation of hiera
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14

Karageorgou, Elissavet, Georgios Deligeorgiou, Lazaros Rizopoulos, and Theodoros Stefou. "Professional Development in Greek Military Services. Searching a Dominant Leadership Style." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v6i1.p8-13.

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Leadership is a focal concept to the functioning of all modern organizations. The leader of an organization is the architect required to create vision and strategy. Management and leadership, the third ranking of administration, is a motivating and guiding Human Resource (HR) in order to contribute effectively to achieving the objectives of an organization. A military service is a complex living mixture of body collections, roles, rules and culture. In terms of numbers, the Greek Army has hundreds of hierarchical structures and about 70,000 active personnel. There is a clear gradation of hiera
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15

Vinokurov, V. I. "Evolution of the Arctic Strategy of the USA and its Influence on the Foreign Policy Strategy of Russia in the Arctic." Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service), no. 5 (October 22, 2024): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2405-02.

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"Arctic" is translated from Greek as "northern" or as "bear", which is often associated with Russia and its efforts to develop this region. This is a single physical and geographical region of the Earth adjacent to the North Pole and including the margins of the continents of Eurasia and North America, almost the entire Arctic Ocean with islands (except for the coastal islands of Norway), as well as adjacent parts of the Atlantic and Pacifi c Oceans. The southern border of the Arctic coincides with the northern border of the tundra zone. Now the actions of the United States and NATO in the Arc
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16

Musayyab, Said, Asep Iwa Soemantri, and Lukman Yudho Prakoso. "Peloponnesian War Perpetual Conflict and Future Challenges." Indonesian Journal of Applied and Industrial Sciences (ESA) 3, no. 2 (2024): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/esa.v3i2.8519.

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The Peloponnesian War, a monumental conflict in ancient Greek history, provided much valuable knowledge for modern foreign policy. Through an analysis of conflict-inducing factors, the military and political strategies used by Athens and Sparta, and their implications for the future, this article highlights the importance of diplomacy, strong alliances, balance of power, and effective military strategy in preventing conflict and promoting peace. Recommendations are given to prioritize diplomacy, strengthen regional alliances, respect the balance of power, collaborate multilaterally, and mainta
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17

Skvoznikov, Alexander Nikolaevich. "The Macedonian question in Greek foreign policy in the 19th – early 20th century." Samara Journal of Science 13, no. 4 (2024): 67–72. https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2024134204.

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The article examines the process of formation of the foreign policy doctrine of Greece in Southeastern Europe in the 19th century after the creation of the independent Greek state. The author identifies the causes, forms and methods of the struggle of the newly formed Balkan states (Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia) for the predominance of the weakening Ottoman Empire in the European provinces, in particular, in Macedonia. The author concludes that, having gained independence, the young Greek state sought to occupy its geopolitical niche and establish itself as an influential regional power in the
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18

Miller, Margaret. "Playing with Persians in Athenian Imagery of the 4th Century BCE." Ktèma : civilisations de l'Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques 47, no. 1 (2022): 53–68. https://doi.org/10.3406/ktema.2022.3061.

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Greek representations of Persians correlate to the complexities of their military and diplomatic relations. Over the 5th century BC, Persians in vase-painting range from the ethnographically accurate battle scenes to their belittlement as warriors. In the 4th-century BC context of more complex relations, Athenian artisans thrust Persians into entirely new directions. The amorous Persian emerges and figure-lekythoi of dancing Persians can even be winged. The projection of real-life Persians into creatures of fantasy most conspicuously appears in griffin-riding and griffin-hunting imagery. The c
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19

Takács, Levente, and Gábor Berecz. "Ioan Piso – Péter Forisek (edd.): Defending the Polis – Defending the Empire. The Ancient Greek and Military Strategy and Insciptions." Antik Tanulmányok 67, no. 1 (2023): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/092.2023.00009.

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20

Belorussova, Tatiana Evgenievna. "Integration Processes in the Polyethnic Society of the Peloponnesos after the Byzantine Restoration of 1262." Античная древность и средние века 49 (2021): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/adsv.2021.49.016.

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This paper addresses the problem of the Greek-Latin frontier in the Peloponnesos in the second half of the thirteenth century. In 1262, Byzantium regained control over a part of the peninsula. This action disrupted the order that developed there during fifty years and changed the power balance in the region. The author has analysed the transformation of the frontier society of the Peloponnesos when Byzantine administration returned to the country and the peculiarities of integration processes and socio-cultural interethnic interaction under the changed political realities. The sources for the
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21

Chakal, Inesa. "The Military Vocabulary as a Component of Achilles Tatius’s Idiostyle." Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Philology", no. 95 (December 30, 2024): 93–99. https://doi.org/10.26565/2227-1864-2024-95-14.

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The article attempts to characterize military vocabulary as an integral component of Achilles Tatius’s idiostyle, of an ancient Greek writer of the 2nd century AD, the author of one of the first love novels that have survived to our days in full – "Leucippe and Clitophon". The purpose of the research was the classification, systematization and analysis of features of the vocabulary of the military sphere detected in the text of the novel, which required the use of analytical-descriptive, structural, quantitative methods. In the structure of the lexical idiosystem of Achilles Tatius’s novel the
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22

George, Larry N. "The Pharmacotic War on Terrorism." Theory, Culture & Society 19, no. 4 (2002): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276402019004012.

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The Greek words `pharmakon' and `pharmakos' allude to the complex relations between political violence and the health or disorder of the body politic. This article explores analogies of war as disease and contagion, and contrasts these with metaphors of war as politically healthy and medicinal - as in Randolph Bourne's notion of war as `the health of the state'. It then applies these to the unfolding US `War on Terrorism' through the concept of `pharmacotic war', by way of examining the disturbing political implications of both unfolding US military actions abroad and the scapegoating of inter
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23

NOMIKOS, JOHN M. "ASYMMETRIC WARFARE THREATS IN GREECE: A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS." NOVA VLOGA OBOROŽENIH SIL KOT ODZIV NA ASIMETRIČNE GROŽNJE/THE NEW ROLE OF ARMED FORCES AS A RESPONSE TO ASYMMETRIC THREATS, VOLUME 2020, ISSUE 22/3 (September 30, 2020): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.22.3.6.

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Povzetek Eden največjih izzivov današnjega časa je naraščanje asimetričnih groženj. Nato in EU sta tarča politično motiviranih nedržavnih in razvitejših državnih akterjev ter združenj, ki se ukvarjajo s kibernetskim kriminalom. Sovražna kibernetska kazniva dejanja spodkopavajo vse družbene ravni v državah Nata in EU ter ogrožajo politično, gospodarsko, civilno in vojaško varnost. S podobnimi grožnjami se spoprijema tudi Grčija. V članku so preučeni grška strategija kibernetske varnosti ter vzroki in posledice organiziranih terorističnih združb za nezakonite migracije v Grčiji. Prav tako je izp
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24

Aleksandrova, Olga. "Reflection of the images of the Macedon kings Philip and Alexander in current school textbooks on universal history." Педагогика и просвещение, no. 4 (April 2023): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0676.2023.4.68848.

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The subject of research is the images of famous figures of the antiquity era – the King of Macedonia Philip II and his son Alexander, and their reflection on the pages of textbooks on universal history for the 5th grade of the school. Particular attention is paid to the correspondence of the information contained in school textbooks to historical sources and materials of historical research on these rulers. The completeness of the reflection of the images of the two most famous Macedonian kings is analyzed, as well as a system of tasks and questions that allow to deepen knowledge both directly
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25

Oliynyk, Mykola. "The Romans Presence on the Territory of Olbia State in I–II Century A. D. in the Context of Military Policy of the Principate." International Relations: Theory and Practical Aspects, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 55–66. https://doi.org/10.31866/2616-745x.2.2018.133333.

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The Rome&rsquo;s interest in Olbia revival at the end of the Ist century B. C. was first of all caused by the need in the Empire&rsquo;s northeastern borders protection from Sarmat tribes raids and the most important trade routes of the Northern Black Sea Coast defense. Moesia borders strengthening being a border province and the base of the Roman Empire advancement on the territory of the Greek city-states in the Southern Ukraine, as well as understanding the Olbia&rsquo;s importance being the biggest ancient city located between west Pontus and Taurica made Romans support and restore militar
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26

Kvashnin, Y. "Western Vector of Greece's Foreign Policy (Late 2010s – Early 2020s)." Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 3 (2022): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2022-3-45-56.

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One of the main features of Greek diplomacy is the combination of pro-Western orientation and the desire to act independently in a number of key issues, firmly defending national interests. In recent years, however, the western vector began to prevail. In ideology, this manifested itself in the positioning of the country as an outpost of Western civilization in the East, a defender of democratic values, operating in accordance with the interests of collective West. In security policy, the main efforts were aimed at creating a counterbalance to Greece's existential rival – Turkey. Not having su
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Hunko, Leonid. "The paradigm of nonlinearity and the aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine." Democratic governance 30, no. 2 (2022): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/dg2022.02.109.

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The understanding of the paradigm of nonlinearity in modern conditions as compared to the linear vision of the world is analyzed, the main components of the advantages of the nonlinear approach in armed conflicts are shown, the connection of the nonlinear approach to the conduct of hostilities with the victories of the Armed Forces of Ukraine over the aggressor’s troops in the conditions of a full-scale war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine is substantiated. Formulation of the problem. The full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine which began on February 24, 2022,
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28

Hussain, Norasmahani, and Mohamad Khairul Anuar Mohd Rosli. "BRITISH FOREIGN SECRETARY’S ROLE AND INFLUENCE IN THE EXCLUSION OF GREECE AND TÜRKIYE FROM NATO, 1948–1949." Journal of International Studies 19, no. 2 (2023): 161–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jis2023.19.2.6.

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When NATO was created on 4 April 1949 by the United States, Britain, Canada, and several Western European countries with the aim tocontain the Soviet Union’s expansion of power, it was rather peculiar that Greece and Türkiye were excluded, while their Mediterranean neighbour, Italy, was included in this new military organisation. As Greece suffered from the communist insurgents in the Greek Civil War (1946–1949), and Türkiye was unceasingly under Soviet military and diplomatic threat over the provinces of Kars and Ardahan and the Turkish Straits settlements (1946–1953), both seemingly had vali
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Papaeti, Anna. "Memorializing the Gates of Hell: Reflections on the Nexus of Trauma, Art, and History-Telling." feministiqa 6, special issue 'Critical Imaginaries: Acts and Arts of Re-mapping the Present', ed. by Elena Tzelepis (2023): https://feministiqa.net/memorializing—the—gates—of—hell/. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10453838.

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This essay explores the issue of artistic representations of trauma, history-telling, and the process of memorialization. It focuses on two memorials on sites that have been described as a gateway to hell, where the author travelled to in the context of a sound residency in 2021 in Greece and Norway. The one, called <em>Rogmi</em> [<em>Crack</em>], is at the barren island of Gyaros in the Aegean sea. Created by sculptor Antonis Myrodias in 2019, it was an initiative of the Greek Communist Party aiming to honour the painful history of communists and leftists who were brutally and inhumanely det
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Zachos, Dimitris T., Anna Delaveridou, and Alexandra Gkontzou. "Teachers and School “Discipline” in Greece: A Case Study." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 7, no. 1 (2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v7i1.p8-19.

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“Discipline” is a notion which is related to military and police organization and structures and thus it is possible to cause negative predisposition to a number of people. We use the term discipline in quotes, because we could not find a more suitable, in order to describe the body of measures, acts and incidents we deal in the research we present here. “Discipline” in classroom and in school is an issue which concerns educators, parents and guardians, as well as politicians in many countries. Policies and practices of “discipline” in schools are associated with social and political factors a
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Khan, Muhammad Bilal Iftikhar, Syed Waqas Haider Bukhari, and Marriyam Siddique. "Pakistan IEA Relations, A Game Theory Perspective." Journal of Social & Organizational Matters 1, no. 1 (2022): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56976/jsom.v1i1.10.

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In ancient Greece Armies, before going to war, used to pay respect to Athena, who was the Greek goddess of wisdom, strategy, and warfare. The Athenians believed that Athena would offer them strategic guidance and protect them in battle. In contrast, Ares, who was the god of war and bloodlust was ignored. The Athenians believed that invoking Ares would bring them victory, but at the cost of more bloodshed and brutality. Therefore, they preferred wisdom from Athena because historical experience had taught them that war is won primarily with wisdom, whereas emotionalism and bloodlust only result
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32

STONE, JOHN. "The Defence Green Paper and Military Strategy." Political Quarterly 81, no. 3 (2010): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923x.2010.02109.x.

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Oikya, Upal Aditya. "Wartime Sexual Acts as Prosecutable War Crimes." DÍKÉ 2020, no. 2 (2021): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/dike.2020.04.02.08.

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Human history is littered with the mass rape of women particularly as a military strategy in warfare, dating back centuries from ancient Greek, Roman, and Hebrew concubines through the Middle Ages to the 20th century ‘comfort women’ of the 2nd World War. Ancient literature explicitly refers to rape or the seizure of vanquished women, who were regarded as the enemy’s property, to become wives, servants slaves, or concubines. The plight of women worsened in the twentieth century when civilian women suffered the most consequences of armed conflicts including rape. Rape served as an oppressive and
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34

Pop, Călin Cornel. "Particularities of the Cultural Tourism in Zalău in the Context of the European Heritage: The Roman Festival Zalău Porolissum." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Geographia 64, no. 2 (2020): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbgeogr.2019.2.06.

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"Particularities of the Cultural Tourism in Zalău in the Context of the European Heritage: the Roman Festival Zalău Porolissum. Covering an area of 3,850 square kms, the county of Sălaj lies in the north-western part of Romania, as a passage between the Western and Eastern Carpathians. The main settlement of Sălaj is the city of Zalău, lying at the heart of the county, along Zalău valley, near the Northern Meseş Mountains. Evidence of the Dacian culture and civilization can be found all over the county. The stronghold was well known in antiquity as Dacidava, a central place for the gatherings
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Danylykha, Nataliia. "The Ethical Values Formation in the Roman Empire as a Cultural Phenomenon." Issues in Cultural Studies, no. 36 (December 28, 2020): 166–76. https://doi.org/10.31866/2410-1311.36.2020.221061.

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The purpose of the article is to study the influence of cultural and psychological motivation on the formation of ethical values in the Roman Empire. The article identifies the main factors of influence of the internal and external environment of the Roman Empire on the formation of moral values of the Roman Emperor. It is relevant to form a system of Ideas, notions and values of the ancient Rome society based on the synthesis of different cultures, propaganda, image building and moral reform. The research methodology consists in studying the evolution processes of the ancient tradition under
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Lohmander, Peter. "Optimal Dynamic Control of Proxy War Arms Support." Automation 4, no. 1 (2023): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/automation4010004.

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A proxy war between a coalition of countries, BLUE, and a country, RED, is considered. RED wants to increase the size of the RED territory. BLUE wants to involve more regions in trade and other types of cooperation. GREEN is a small and independent nation that wants to become a member of BLUE. RED attacks GREEN and tries to invade. BLUE decides to give optimal arms support to GREEN. This support can help GREEN in the war against RED and simultaneously can reduce the military power of RED, which is valuable to BLUE also outside this proxy war, since RED may confront BLUE also in other regions.
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Davidson, Carl. "Economic Democracy and 21st Century Socialist Strategy." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 15, no. 1-2 (2016): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341372.

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This article places the question of economy democracy in the wider context of socialist strategy. It starts by assessing the matter concretely, with a brief overview of Spain’s Mondragon Cooperatives, then showing how it fits into a wider and more multifaceted solidarity economy. From there, it discusses even wider alliances, including with green energy projects, to develop a political instrument that could bring these insurgent movements, each a militant minority, and their organizations to political power as a new progressive majority that could serve as a bridge to a new socialism.
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Posnett, David N., Manuel E. Engelhorn, and Alan N. Houghton. "Antiviral T cell responses." Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, no. 12 (2005): 1881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20050928.

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Around 700 BCE, a new military formation called the phalanx was established in ancient Greece: a tight column of heavy infantry carrying long spears, or pikes, used in a single prong of attack. Later, in the battle of Marathon described by Herodotus, the Greeks learned the advantages of multipronged attacks, a strategy still used in modern warfare. Is the immune system similar in its approach to combating pathogens or tumors?
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Trivedi, Hitesh K., Maurice L. Massey, Rabi S. Bhattacharya, Gerald A. Strahl, and David Collum. "Cleaners for military machine parts—is there a green alternative?" Journal of Cleaner Production 12, no. 7 (2004): 771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-6526(03)00117-3.

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Sokolov, A. P., and S. E. Protsenko. "Zeitenwende Through the Lens of Olaf Scholz’s Government Strategic Documents." MGIMO Review of International Relations 17, no. 6 (2024): 224–45. https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2024-6-99-224-245.

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This study examines German doctrinal documents issued under the government of Olaf Scholz in the context of the “Zeitenwende” (turning point) proclaimed in 2022. Key documents analyzed include the National Security Strategy, Guidelines for Feminist Foreign Policy, Strategy on China, and Defense Policy Guidelines. Of particular interest are the ongoing transformations in Germany's strategic culture, which are unprecedented in scope and aim to position the Federal Republic as a significant actor in military policy. In response to Russia's military intervention in Ukraine, Berlin has increasingly
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Sokolov, A. P., and S. E. Protsenko. "Zeitenwende Through the Lens of Olaf Scholz’s Government Strategic Documents." MGIMO Review of International Relations 17, no. 6 (2024): 224–45. https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2024-6-99-230-251.

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This study examines German doctrinal documents issued under the government of Olaf Scholz in the context of the “Zeitenwende” (turning point) proclaimed in 2022. Key documents analyzed include the National Security Strategy, Guidelines for Feminist Foreign Policy, Strategy on China, and Defense Policy Guidelines. Of particular interest are the ongoing transformations in Germany's strategic culture, which are unprecedented in scope and aim to position the Federal Republic as a significant actor in military policy. In response to Russia's military intervention in Ukraine, Berlin has increasingly
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Berezhnyi, A., and A. Trystan. "PREDICTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE WARS OF THE FUTURE." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки 18, no. 4 (2023): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.18.2023.17.

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Technological progress in the field of military technology is developing rapidly, requiring constant work on the development of new systems and strategies. The article demonstrates that the growing role of artificial intelligence and autonomous systems is defining a new level of efficiency and complexity in military operations. The article assesses the use of biotechnology in the defence sector, which defines a new level of strategic importance for the development and maintenance of military power. Space, hypersonic and quantum technologies will be considered, as well as aspects related to the
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CHUKUBAEV, Yermek, Dastan KALIBEKULY, and Adilbek YERMEKBAYEV. "THE ARCTIC DIRECTION OF NORWAY'S POLICY: A DOCTRINAL BASIS." PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND CIVIL SERVICE, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.52123/1994-2370-2022-658.

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The article examines the features of the doctrinal basis of the Norwegian policy in the Arctic, as well as the military-political strategy to ensure the security of the region. The doctrinal framework of Norwegian policy will put Arctic strategy at the forefront. It has been established that Norway owns the systemic regulation of the legal issues of the Arctic region among the Scandinavian countries, serving at the same time as a kind of model for working out mechanisms to defend interests at the regional and international levels. At the same time, it is Norway that owns an innovative approach
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Samsonova, Viktoria G. "The Indo-Pacific Strategy of the Republic of Korea." Problemy dalnego vostoka, no. 3 (2023): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013128120025775-3.

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The Indo-Pacific Strategy, formulated in the US National security strategy in December 2017, is a link in the global system of military-political blocs and associations. These structures have been created by the United States to preserve the dominance of the historical West in an era of global changes that challenge to the spread of the so-called unipolar world with the United States playing a dominant role worldwide. Moreover, it is clear that the more the role of the suzerain of the unipolar world is undermined, the more quirky, diverse and dangerous become the attempts to preserve this domi
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Arief Prayitno. "Sustainable Business Practices in the Defense Industry : Between Efficiency and National Security." MAR-Ekonomi: Jurnal Manajemen, Akuntansi Dan Rumpun Ilmu Ekonomi 3, no. 02 (2025): 87–95. https://doi.org/10.58471/mar-ekonomi.v3i02.667.

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Defense industry own role strategic in guard state sovereignty, but also faces challenge For apply practice business sustainable. Research This aiming For analyze balance between efficiency business and security national in implementation of sustainable business practices in the sector defense. With use approach qualitative, research This to study what is sustainability strategy can applied without sacrifice interest strategic state. Research results show that Implementation practice business sustainable in industry defense bring various benefits, such as efficiency cost, increase Power compet
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Stepanova, N. V. "Climate Change and Military Planning in the United States." USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture, no. 12 (December 15, 2024): 74–87. https://doi.org/10.31857/s2686673024120064.

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The article examines changes in U.S. military planning approaches in the context of climate threats, focusing on the impact of climate change on national and international security. The author analyzes the evolution of the perception of climate phenomena as a risk, starting with the policies of the Barack Obama administration and including the current measures of the Joe Biden administration. The paper notes that climate change is seen not only as a direct threat to military installations, but also as a factor that can exacerbate social and political tensions, cause migration crises and region
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Scott, Benjamyn I., and Konstantinos I. Andritsos. "A Drone Strategy 2.0 for a Smart and Sustainable Unmanned Aircraft Eco-System in Europe." Air and Space Law 48, Issue 3 (2023): 273–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2023041.

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On 29 November 2022, the European Commission published its long-awaited ‘Drone Strategy 2.0 for a Smart and Sustainable Unmanned Aircraft Eco-System in Europe’. This document builds upon previous European Union (EU) initiatives such as the ‘An Aviation Strategy for Europe’, ‘European Green Deal’, ‘Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy - Putting European Transport on Track for the Future’ and the numerous European Union Aviation Safety Agency drone-related publications. The Drone Strategy 2.0 constitutes the Commission’s vision for developing the drone sector and provides the foundations for
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Morozov, Ilya L. "“Closed Society and its Friends”: Strategy of Survival of the Russian Civilization in the Conditions of Global Turbulence." Общество: политика, экономика, право, no. 9 (September 20, 2023): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/pep.2023.9.1.

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Based on the principles of system approach and using the historical and genetic method, the author examines the process of evolution of Russian civilization from the superpower of the USSR to the weakened international positions of the Russian Federation (1985–1999) and comes to the conclusion that the main mistake of the state-management elite was the premature opening of economic, informational, socio-cultural “contours” of the state and society to the external impact of the collective West (Euro-Atlantic), which turned out to be destructive and directed towards the Russian civilization. In
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Zakharova, O. V., and L. M. Usyk. "On the potential of Ukrainian higher educational establishments to satisfy the demand in personnel for renewable energy development." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1254, no. 1 (2023): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1254/1/012032.

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Abstract Green energy is a key factor for achieving global sustainable development goals. Energy safety is the basic condition for any state to function and for any economy to grow. Moreover, stable supply of energy resources is a pre-requisite for supporting adequate life quality level for the population, which is the main function of a state. In this context, the problem of training specialists in green energy has become an object of an increasing research interest in many countries, including Ukraine. Ukraine has not been experiencing any specific problems with energy security since gaining
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Скуйбіда, О. Л., and М. Гаркуша. "MANAGEMENT OF METAL SCRAP AND METAL WASTE FOR THE TRANSITION TO CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND THE RECOVERY OF UKRAINE." Управління змінами та інновації, no. 8 (December 20, 2023): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/cmi/2023-8-13.

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In the modern world, the production of metal products requires significant energy and raw materials, which leads to serious economic losses and environmental damage. The article considers the problem of recycling in the metallurgical industry to reduce the negative impact on the environment and improve economic indicators. Nowadays the problem of scrap metal disposal is an urgent issue for Ukraine especially due to the military actions on its territory. This is an additional challenge for the domestic economy, which is prompting a shift from a linear economic structure to a circular one. The E
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