Relevant bibliographies by topics / Greek War of Independence

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Greek War of Independence'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Greek War of Independence"

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Özkan, Dilek. "The Greek War of Independence in Turkish historiography." Journal of Greek Media & Culture 7, no. 2 (2021): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgmc_00038_1.

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How was the Greek War of Independence or the Greek Revolution narrated in Turkish historical texts? How did the Turkish historians’ approach to the establishment of the Greek State affect Greek‐Turkish relations? On the occasion of the bicentenary of the Greek War of Independence, this article reviews the approaches of the Ottoman/Turkish historians to the Greeks, to the establishment of the Greek State and to outbreak the Greek Revolution, and demonstrates to what extent their perceptions have changed from the Ottoman period to the present day. Offering an analysis based on three historical periods (Ottoman rule to the 1920s, the 1930s to the1980s and from the 1990s to the present), the discussion highlights the prevalent approach of Turkish nationalist historiography in the 1970s and 1980s, and the influence on younger generations’ approaches to the Greek War of Independence. This article also tackles the issue of how this prevalent historiographical approach affected the Turkish‐Greek relations, and conversely, how the trajectory of Turkish‐Greek relations impacted the consolidation of such a narrative.
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Papanikos, Gregory T. "Wars and Foreign Interventions in Greece in the 1820s." ATHENS JOURNAL OF HISTORY 8, no. 1 (2021): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajhis.8-1-1.

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In Greece, the 1820s is a well-remembered decade. Many things happened which future Greek generations can study and learn. In the beginning of the decade (1821), some Greeks rebelled against the Ottomans, but, parallel with this War of Independence, they, as did so many times in their heroic past, started fighting between themselves (1823-1825). The Olympians intervened, as in Homer’s masterpieces, and “independence” came as a result of a direct foreign (divine) intervention by Britain (Poseidon), France (Athena) and Russia (Hera). This began first in the battlefields in 1827, and then at the negotiation table in 1832. This paper looks at the reasons of all of these three types of events (the Greek War of Independence, its civil wars and the foreign interventions), as well as their results. The reasons are traced by applying the rule: “follow the money.” Of course, the obvious result was the official creation of an “independent” Greek state. However, other concurrent events have had long-lasting effects on the Greek political and military developments, which lasted until the end of the third quarter of the 20th century. These developments are only briefly discussed in this paper.
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Lekas, Padelis E. "The Greek War of Independence from the Perspective of Historical Sociology." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 2 (January 20, 2006): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.188.

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<p>This is an attempt to place the Greek War of Independence in the wider context of the clash between Tradition and Modernity in the European periphery. It focuses on the ideology and the movement of nationalism - a phenomenon springing up in modernity and bringing forward the concept of the nation as the proper unit of state organisation. Being the undisputed offspring of nationalism (which is viewed here as both the product and the vehicle of modernisation), the Greek War of Independence is discussed not solely in its political dimensions but also in terms of its contribution to a much broader societal change. It is in this sense that the Greek struggle for independence may be interpreted as the specifically "Greek exit" from tradition - as an undoubtedly unique event of momentous importance per se, yet, on the other hand, as one more instance in a prolonged and very intricate process of societal transformations.</p>
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Gerd, Lora. "Konstantinos Oikonomos and Russian Philorthodox relief during the Greek war for independence (1821–1829)." Open Military Studies 2, no. 1 (2022): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openms-2022-0134.

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Abstract After the Archipelago expeditions of the Russian Navy in 1769–1774 and 1805–1807, thousands of Greeks fled the Ottoman Empire and resettled in the province of Novorossiia (southern Russia). Among the migrants were prominent merchants who strongly supported the Philiki Etaireia (Friendly Society) and the cause for Greek independence. Although Tsar Alexander I could not openly support the insurrection that broke out in 1821, Russia provided invaluable material assistance to the Greek refugees, who arrived in Russian cities such as Odessa and Kishinev. Special committees under Russian officials distributed funds gathered from private donations and public sources all over Russia. The famous Greek cleric Konstantinos Oikonomos also arrived in Odessa with his family. His speech at the funeral of Patriarch Gregory V (whose relics were buried in Odessa) helped solidify the image of the patriarch as an ethno-martyr. Oikonomos served as a mediator and advisor to the Ober-procurator of the Russian Holy Synod, Alexander Golitsyn, who was responsible for gathering information about Greek clergymen among the refugees. Oikonomos also played an important role in distributing donations for the families of the Greeks displaced after the massacre on Chios in 1822. The documents from Russian archives presented in this essay demonstrate the network of Oikonomos and the pivotal role that he played between the Russian high officials and Greek intellectuals, the Greek merchants, and his poorer compatriots. This chapter features an annex with the unpublished correspondence of Oikonomos as evidence for one of the largest humanitarian actions of the nineteenth century.
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Wallace, Jennifer. "‘We are all Greeks’?: National Identity and the Greek War of Independence." Byron Journal 23 (January 1995): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bj.1995.3.

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Efstathiadou, Anna. "Representing Greekness: French and Greek Lithographs from the Greek War of Independence (1821-1827) and the Greek-Italian War (1940-1941)." Journal of Modern Greek Studies 29, no. 2 (2011): 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2011.0023.

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Cox, Jeremy. "American Philhellenes and the Poetics of War." Journal for the History of Rhetoric 23, no. 3 (2020): 253–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jhistrhetoric.23.3.0253.

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ABSTRACT Between 1821 and 1829, the Greek War for Independence attracted widespread and enthusiastic support in the United States. While most were content to simply follow along with the war’s proceedings, a small but vocal group of “philhellenes” took the remarkable step of making Greece’s cause their own. American philhellenes used nationalistic appeals couched in the language of an emergent middle-class sentimentality to raise funds for the Greeks while also lobbying for deeper American involvement in the conflict. Greece’s revolution, American philhellenes argued, was not a foreign war to be avoided; it was an occasion for reaffirming the nation’s moral and political commitments. By studying the poetical justifications for American involvement with the Greek Revolution, we are afforded a glimpse of an important development in popular perceptions of U.S. foreign policy. Philhellenic poetry presents a case study in how popular reading habits blended with nationalistic rhetoric to“sentimentalize” popular perceptions of America’s place in the world. Philhellenes used the nation’s expanding market for print material to forward normative claims about the nation’s responsibility toward the Greek revolutionaries, bringing into sharp relief the permeable boundaries between popular culture and public perceptions of foreign policy.
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Frary, Lucien J. "Russian consuls and the Greek war of independence (1821–31)." Mediterranean Historical Review 28, no. 1 (2013): 46–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2013.782671.

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Chatziioannou, Maria Christina. "War, Crisis and Sovereign Loans: The Greek War of Independence and British Economic Expansion in the 1820s." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 10 (December 13, 2013): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.305.

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<p>This article focuses on the principal actors who undertook the financial intermediation of the Greek loans of 1824 and 1825 and the agents who carried it out, the financial market, the stock market exchange and the joint-stock corporate organization. The main argument is that there was an asymmetric relationship between these principal<br />actors and agents. My research hypothesis works on the convergence of two different crises at the same time: the systemic banking crisis of 1825 in London; and the severe internal crisis for the insurgent Greeks. I argue that the causes for these “hapless loans” could be more complex, beyond the known moral critique.</p>
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Taki, Victor. "Russian military perspectives on the Ottoman Empire during the Greek War of Independence." Open Military Studies 2, no. 1 (2022): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openms-2022-0135.

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Abstract The refusal of Alexander I to declare war on the Ottoman Empire in support of the Greek Uprising in 1821 provided Russian military men with a possibility to reflect on the past Russian–Ottoman wars and prepare the best strategy for future confrontation. One of the aspects of this reflection was the growing interest of Russian military planners in the ethno-confessional composition and political attitudes of the local population in the territory of the prospective war theater. This article argues that increased attention to the population reflected the desire of the tsarist planners to avoid excesses of a “people’s war” rather than to unleash its destructive potential. Despite a strong emotional response that the Greek War of Independence provoked among the Russian military, their perspectives on the Ottoman Empire during the 1820s were for the most part quite restrained and conservative.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Greek War of Independence"

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Chan, Stefanie. "The Regeneration of Hellas: Influences on the Greek War for Independence 1821-1832." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/188.

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Vlavianos, Haris. "The Greek civil war : the strategy of the Greek Communist Party 1944-1947." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302964.

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Schaefer, Timo. "Practicing violence : the war of independence in the Mixteca." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23735.

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In this thesis I investigate the impact of collective violence on local political culture in the Mixteca mountains in Oaxaca during the Mexican War of Independence. I first analyze a number of stories and rumors about the war in Central Mexico that circulated in the Mixteca before the outbreak of hostilities in the region itself for what they reveal about the national imaginings that would condition the local experience of war. I then examine the anti-insurgent campaign of one particular royalist militia company and its fluid relations with local townsmen and villagers, who were the primary pool of new recruits for the company as well as its potential enemies and victims, during the summer of 1814. Coinciding with the rise of a discourse of republican citizenship in Mexico, I show how participation in the militia provided a way for Mixtecan inhabitants of experiencing the new political category ‘citizen’ in practical terms, and thereby established participation in organized violence as a privileged nexus in new articulations between local and national political processes. The overall argument is that armed bands operating in the Mixteca created new institutional spaces connecting local and higher-level political structures and activating practices of citizenship that were premised on participation in military violence.
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Jentsch-Mancor, Kerstin Silke. "The fictional representation of the occupation in Greek literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365625.

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Griffin, James Robert. "“I go for Independence”: Stephen Austin and Two Wars for Texan Independence." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1627002271344005.

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Carlsson, Susanne. "Hellenistic democracies freedom, independence and political procedure in some East Greek city-states." Stuttgart Steiner, 2005. http://d-nb.info/999948822/04.

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Nolan, Christopher M. "War and contentment : Dedham, Massachusetts and the military aspect of the War for Independence, 1775-1781." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1045640.

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Using a wealth of secondary and primary sources; such as town records, diaries, tax valuations, and genealogical data, this project will attempt to shed light on the reaction of Dedham, Massachusetts, and its middle class, to military service during the American Revolution. Although extremely responsive during the opening months of the war, Dedham's middle class became reluctant to contribute its fathers and sons to the military cause when the war moved outside of their periphery, and for good reason, they needed them back home. This study determined that the lack of zeal on the part of the town's middle class was part and parcel of historical, economical, and political factors that combined to keep the fathers and sons of Dedham from serving in the war. Although declining to serve in the Continental Army, Dedham was able to continue its support for the war effort by hiring others to do the fighting for them.<br>Department of History
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Harder, Anton. "Defining independence in Cold War Asia : Sino-Indian relations, 1949-1962." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3414/.

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In the early hours of 20 October 1962, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) launched a series of devastating assaults on Indian posts stretched along thousands of miles of mountainous border. The attack drew a line under several years of acrimony over the border and an even longer period of uncertainty and ambiguity regarding each sides’ respective claims. However, the SinoIndian War was far more than just a territorial scrap, bloody as it was. It was widely perceived as a Chinese attack on Nehruvian non-alignment, a peculiar foreign policy posture that he had developed to counter the Cold War. By rejecting Nehru so firmly, Beijing was demonstrating a clear turn from the moderation it had pursued in tandem with the Soviets to engage non-socialist Asia through the mid-1950s. Mao’s attack on India was then a firm rejection of both Delhi’s moderation and Soviet partnership and a major turning point in the history of the Cold War and Asia. This thesis adds to the existing histories of the war by exploring Sino-Indian relations from 1949 when the two Asian giants cautiously swapped ambassadors. The ambiguous relationship between Beijing and Delhi is examined from the perspective of Nehru’s ambitious overall foreign policy agenda, rather than just a narrow focus on the border and Tibet. The deterioration of ties between Delhi and Beijing is often characterised as the result of conflicting territorial and indeed imperial ambitions. But it is also true to say that from early in the 1950s there was a remarkable effort at collaboration and accommodation of their respective ambitions. Simultaneously, collaboration was always underpinned by an acute sense of competition for influence in Asia, in particular over the appropriate model of development for the region. In particular, this thesis gives far greater emphasis on Beijing’s function within the dynamics of Sino-Indian relations, and shows how vital were the ideological shifts within the Chinese leadership. The ideologically framed judgements about Indian economic development policies had a major impact on how Beijing assessed the ongoing feasibility of its entire experiment with a moderate foreign policy in general and cooperation with Delhi specifically. By illustrating how these understandings of India also affected Chinese views of the Soviet leadership’s competence, this thesis also makes an important contribution to the historiography of the Sino-Soviet split. Ultimately, relations collapsed with Delhi not just because of hard territorial interests, but because Mao came to believe that the continued deferral of revolutionary goals was leaving the field clear for reactionary elements in China, India and beyond.
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李百臻 and Pak-tsun Lee. "The late Qing revolutionaries' understanding of the American War of Independence." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951399.

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Paxton, James W. B. Jr. "Fighting for Independence and Slavery: Confederate Perceptions of Their War Experiences." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36804.

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It is striking that many white southerners enthusiastically went to war in 1861, and that within four years a large number of them became apathetic or even openly hostile toward the Confederacy. By far, nonslaveholders composed the greatest portion of the disaffected. This work interprets the Confederate war experience within a republican framework in order to better understand how such a drastic shift in opinion could take place. Southern men fought for highly personal reasons--to protect their own liberty, independence, and to defend the rough equality between white men. They believed the Confederacy was the best guarantor of these ideals. Southerners' experiences differed widely from their expectations. White men perceived the war as an assault against their dominance and equality. The military was no protector of individual rights. The army expected recruits to conform to military discipline and standards. Officers oversaw their men's behavior and physically punished those who broke the rules. Southerners believed they were treated in a servile manner. Legislation from Richmond brought latent class tensions to the surface, making it clear to nonslaveholders that they were not the planters' equals. Wives, left alone to care for their families, found it difficult to live in straitened times. Increasingly, women challenged the patriarchal order by stepped outside of traditional gender roles to care for their families. Wartime changes left many men feeling confused and emasculated. Southerners, who willingly fought the Yankees to defend their freedoms, turned against the Confederacy when it encroached upon their independence. Many withdrew their support from the war. Some hid crops from impressment agents or refused to enlist, while others actually or symbolically attacked the planter elite or deserted.<br>Master of Arts
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Books on the topic "Greek War of Independence"

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Cartledge, Yianni, and Andrekos Varnava, eds. New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10849-5.

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Trambukis, George. "The Greek war of independence" and other poems of Greek heroes. Vantage Press, 1995.

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The United States and the Greek War for Independence, 1821-1828. East European Monographs, 1985.

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Tsoulios, Geo rgios. Historical album of the Greek War of Independence 1821: An illustrated chronicle. Melissa, 1985.

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Tsoulios, Geo rgios. Historical album of the Greek War of Independence 1821: An illustrated chronicle. Melissa, 1985.

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Brewer, David. The Greek War of Independence: The struggle for freedom from Ottoman oppression and the birth of the modern Greek nation. Overlook Press, 2001.

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Dakin, Douglas. British and American philhellenes during the War of Greek Independence, 1821-1833: By Douglas Dakin. A.M. Hakkert, 1987.

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Farsolas, James J. O Pouskin kai ē Ellēnikē Epanastasē 1821-1829. Philistōr, 2001.

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Athanassoglou-Kallmyer, Nina M. French images from the Greek War of Independence (1821-1830): Art and politics under the Restoration. Aristide D. Caratzas, 1985.

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French images from the Greek War of Independence (1821-1830): Art and politics under the Restoration. Yale University Press, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Greek War of Independence"

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Wallace, Jennifer. "‘We are all Greeks’: The Greek War of Independence." In Shelley and Greece. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230373952_7.

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Galani, Katerina, and Gelina Harlaftis. "Privateering during the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829): Issues of Legitimacy, Organisation, and Economics of a War-Induced Practice." In New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10849-5_7.

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Sotiropoulos, Michalis. "The Transnational Foundations of the Greek Revolution of 1821." In New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10849-5_2.

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Helali, Christopher. "Devoted to the Cause of Freedom: Jonathan Peckham Miller, Philhellenism, and the Transatlantic Struggle for Liberation." In New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10849-5_11.

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Van Steen, Gonda. "The United States as a Haven for Greek Revolutionary War Orphans? Myth and Reality." In New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10849-5_8.

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Gunnarsson, Arnór Gunnar. "Greece of the North?: Philhellenism, Hellenism, and Contemporary Perspectives of the Greek War of Independence in Iceland." In New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10849-5_4.

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Frary, Lucien. "Russian Historiography and the Greek Revolution: Trends and Interpretations (1821–2021)." In New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10849-5_12.

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Cartledge, Yianni, and Andrekos Varnava. "The Greek Revolution 200 Years On: New Perspectives and Legacies." In New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10849-5_1.

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Cartledge, Yianni. "The Chios Massacre (1822) and Chiot Emigration: A Coerced Diaspora." In New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10849-5_10.

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Vlachopoulou, Anna. "A Local Uprising in an Ottoman Province? Mora/Morea, March 1821." In New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10849-5_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Greek War of Independence"

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Perera, B. L. S. H., R. A. A. S. Ranathunga, L. P. T. P. Madhuwanthi,, and P. Coomasaru. "Applicability of green certification system for domestic construction projects in Sri Lanka." In Independence and interdependence of sustainable spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2022.8.

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Consistently, researchers have noted that 20 to 30 percent of damage to the environment can be attributable to residential construction. There are a plethora of green certification systems available for implementation throughout the construction phase in Sri Lanka, and the number of adoptions has increased in recent years to lessen the impact on the environment. Even if there has been progress in the implementation of green certification systems, the procedure and associated expenses have been a major concern in the business community. Consequently, the objective of this study is to identify the best appropriate green certificate system for Sri Lankan residential construction projects. The literature review was conducted and analysed using "NVivo." Initially, a questionnaire was deployed to collect primary data, which was subsequently confirmed through interviews with subject matter experts. Sixty-nine professionals with 10 to 15 years of industry experience responded to the survey, and five specialists with more than 30 years of professional experience validated its results. Both the significance of adopting the green certification system and the hurdles that developed during its adoption were addressed in the study. It was recommended that state assistance, social awareness, and continuous education for professionals could facilitate in overcoming the obstacles. Finally, it was determined that the LEED system is the most appropriate green certification system for residential development because it generates environmentally and user-friendly sustainable products.
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Kalajzic, Vesna. "THE EDITORIAL POLICIES OF LOCAL NEWSPAPERS ON CULTURE DURING THE CROATIAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY, SOCIOLOGY AND HEALTHCARE, EDUCATION. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b12/s2.118.

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A. McBrayer, G. "The End of a Civilization: What Moderns Might Learn from Thucydides’ Peloponnesian War." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100192.

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Thucydides self-consciously presents the Peloponnesian War as the greatest war the world had ever seen to that point in history, insofar as it was a contest between the two greatest Greek powers—Athens and Sparta—at the peak of Greek Civilization. The war, however, would mark the beginning of the end of this great civilization. Although Thucydides does not unequivocally blame Athens for the war that ultimately leads to the destruction of Greece, it is clear that he thinks Athenian devotion to motion, or to the perpetual pursuit of progress, spurred it on. Thucydides appears to lament the great expansion of education, in particular the sophistic education that became prevalent in Greece and contributed heavily to the theoretical justification behind the Athenian Empire. Even or especially education at its highest—Socratic philosophy—seems to bear some culpability for, or is at least symptomatic of, Athens’ decline, and ultimately Greece’s decline as well, in Thucydides’ view. This paper will examine Thucydides' teaching regarding the decline of civilization to see if it can offer any guidance to the current crisis of civilization in the West.
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Wicaksono, Andri, Emzir, and Zainal Rafli. "History of Indonesia's War Independence in Novel Larasati by Pramoedya Ananta Toer: New Historicism Approach." In International Conference on Education, Language, and Society. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008993400320040.

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Roddy, Robert Forrest. "Tumblehome Ships - From Greek Triremes to the Zumwalt." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2021-016.

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After almost a century the US Navy has reintroduced tumblehome into the design of naval combatants. This paper discusses some of the reasons tumblehome was originally designed into ships and why it served it owners well for many centuries. The transition from sail to steam power a little over a century ago led to a variety of problems with the combatant ships designed with tumblehome where the lack of damage stability caused a major loss of life as these ships sank so quickly. During World War I ships designed with tumblehome fell out of favor and some of the ships were actually modified to remove the tumblehome from the design. These changes in the design of tumblehome ships are discussed in this paper.
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LUSHCH-PURII, Uliana. "THE UKRAINIAN HAPPINESS: THE UKRAINIAN CONTEXT OF HOMO EUDAIMONICUS ANTHROPOLOGICAL MODEL." In Proceedings of The Third International Scientific Conference “Happiness and Contemporary Society”. SPOLOM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2022.26.

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The Ukrainian cultural context of homo eudaimonicus is analyzed. It is argued that the active phase of war of russia against Ukraine (since February, 24, 2022) has not destroyed Ukrainians’ happiness. It is shown how the Ukrainian specificity of eudaimonic happiness has been shaping since the beginning of the war 2022 for the independence of Ukraine. The main features of this Ukrainian type of eudaimonic happiness are outlined. Key words: homo eudaimonicus, eudaimonic happiness, morality, freedom, authenticity
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Spasevski, Dimitar. "HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE GREEK CIVIL WAR AND OF THE REFUGEE MOVEMENTS ARISING FROM IT." In "Social Changes in the Global World". Универзитет „Гоце Делчев“ - Штип, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46763/scgw22201s.

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Kourtis, Spyridon, Apostolos Xenakis, Konstantinos Kalovrektis, Antonios Plageras, and Ioanna Chalvantzi. "An Exploratory Teaching Proposal of Greek History Independence Events based on STEAM Epistemology, Educational Robotics and Smart Learning Technologies." In ESSE 2021: 2021 2nd European Symposium on Software Engineering. ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501792.

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Miqdad oğlu Mustafayev, Beşir, and Elif Yıldız İbrahim kızı Yüce. "Correspondence between the Ottomans and Sheikh Shamil during the Crimean War: in the light of archival documents." In IV INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONFERENCE. https://aem.az/, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/2021/02/02.

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Our aim in this research is to discuss the correspondence with the Ottoman State during the Crimean War, as well as the opposition of Sheikh Shamil, with whom the Russians encountered during their invasion of the North Caucasus. Crimea is a Turkish country, has historically been a place of invasion by various foreign forces due to its geographical location and strategic location. The growing appetite of the Tsarist Russian Empire, the main purpose of which was to capture Istanbul and the right to vote in the straits, led to the beginning of the Crimean War. The Russian leadership began the war, by taking advantage of the privileges granted by the Ottomans to Christians Catholics in Jerusalem, the Armenians in Anatolia and the Greek Greeks. Although the Ottomans ended their relations with the Russians, but the Russian army went on a new offensive. Despite the fact that they did not openly declare war, they captured Eflak (Romania) and Bogdan (Moldova). On October 4, 1853, the Ottoman State declared war on Tsarist Russia. On the other hand, as far as the interests and power of the Ottoman State in Crimea were weakened, the Turkish rulers approached the Russians and over time fell victim to the Russian leadership's plan. Key words: North Caucasian, Ottoman, Russia, Sheikh Shamil, Crimean War
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Miqdad oğlu Mustafayev, Beşir. "KIRIM SAVAŞI ZAMANI OSMANLI İLE ŞEYH ŞÂMİL ARASINDAKİ YAZIŞMALAR: ARŞİV BELGELERİ IŞIĞINDA." In IV INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONFERENCE. https://www.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/2021/2/2, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/2021/2/245-16.

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Anahtar sözler: Kuzey Kafkas, Osmanlı, Rus, Şeyh Şâmil, Kırım Savaşı Correspondence between the Ottomans and Sheikh Shamil during the Crimean War: in the light of archival documents Summary Our aim in this research is to discuss the correspondence with the Ottoman State during the Crimean War, as well as the opposition of Sheikh Shamil, with whom the Russians encountered during their invasion of the North Caucasus. Crimea is a Turkish country, has historically been a place of invasion by various foreign forces due to its geographical location and strategic location. The growing appetite of the Tsarist Russian Empire, the main purpose of which was to capture Istanbul and the right to vote in the straits, led to the beginning of the Crimean War. The Russian leadership began the war, by taking advantage of the privileges granted by the Ottomans to Christians Catholics in Jerusalem, the Armenians in Anatolia and the Greek Greeks. Although the Ottomans ended their relations with the Russians, but the Russian army went on a new offensive. Despite the fact that they did not openly declare war, they captured Eflak (Romania) and Bogdan (Moldova). On October 4, 1853, the Ottoman State declared war on Tsarist Russia. On the other hand, as far as the interests and power of the Ottoman State in Crimea were weakened, the Turkish rulers approached the Russians and over time fell victim to the Russian leadership's plan. Key words: North Caucasian, Ottoman, Russia, Sheikh Shamil, Crimean War
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Reports on the topic "Greek War of Independence"

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Gruter, Jesse L. Pulling Success from Failure: The Texas War for Independence. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404935.

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Bordo, Michael, and Ronald MacDonald. The Inter-War Gold Exchange Standard: Credibility and Monetary Independence. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8429.

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Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295512.

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Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at SLBE in 2013. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. The monitoring program detected five of the six species of frog and toad known to occur at SLBE in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Gray Treefrog, Green Frog and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled. Wood Frog was found at one new site, and Northern Leopard Frog was not confirmed in 2019 but was detected at five sites in 2018. There were no significant data collection issues in 2019 except for late deployment of SLBE11, which limited data analyses for this site. Remaining sites successfully collected data as programmed. Cumulative data collection result summaries since inception are provided in appendices. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was often exceeded by 1 April in 2019, making 15 March a start date for data collection may be considered if park personnel feel snow and ice cover would be reduced enough by that date as well.
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Balda, Taras. ISSUES OF PACIFISM AND MILITARISM OF LIBERATION STRUGGLE IN UKRAINIAN DIASPORA PUBLICATIONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11390.

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Subject of the article’s study – journalism of Ukrainian diaspora publications on the topic of liberation struggle of Ukrainian nation. The author emphasizes on variations of such a struggle, in particular on traditions of militarism and pacifism. A lot of Ukrainians who lived outside of Ukraine, because of third wave of emigration, used to believe that the USA will start another world war, will deal with the USSR and in this way will help Ukraine become independent. Similar thoughts were fundamental thesis of so-called «liberation conception». Such theories and hopes were outlined in columns of such magazines as «Visti Combatanta», «Vyzvolnyi Shliakh». But another part of political emigrants, concentrated around OUN (w) and URDP, positions of which were represented in such publications as «Ukrainskyi samostiynyk» and «Nashi posytsii», problem of Ukrainian independence tried not to deceive to war between the USA and the USSR and considered nonviolent methods of government change. Similar thoughts had the authors of «Suchasnist» and «Lysty do Pryiateliv». Time and historical realities showed that were right those journalists who believed in evolutionary, not revolutionary, theory of state development. Ukraine was able to become independent peacefully after the USSR decay and creation of sovereign states. Among this, modern Ukrainian society still lacks respect to Ukrainian army, nurturing of traditions of military valor, honor and justice, to which even diaspora journalists paid attention in the previous century.
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Flici, Farid, and Nacer-Eddine Hammouda. Mortality evolution in Algeria: What can we learn about data quality? Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res1.3.

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Mortality in Algeria has declined significantly since the country declared its independence in 1962. This trend has been accompanied by improvements in data quality and changes in estimation methodology, both of which are scarcely documented, and may distort the natural evolution of mortality as reported in official statistics. In this paper, our aim is to detect these methodological and data quality changes by means of the visual inspection of mortality surfaces, which represent the evolution of mortality rates, mortality improvement rates and the male-female mortality ratio over age and time. Data quality problems are clearly visible during the 1977–1982 period. The quality of mortality data has improved after 1983, and even further since the population census of 1998, which coincided with the end of the civil war. Additional inexplicable patterns have also been detected, such as a changing mortality age pattern during the period before 1983, and a changing pattern of excess female mortality at reproductive ages, which suddenly appears in 1983 and disappears in 1992.
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Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295509.

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Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PIRO). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at PIRO in 2013. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. The monitoring program detected five of the six species of frog and toad known to occur at PIRO in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Gray Treefrog, Green Frog, and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled. Wood Frog was found at five sites. Mink Frog is known to occur at Sand Point but has never been confirmed at sites monitored by this GLKN program. Additional species of potential occurrence remain hypothetical (i.e., Northern Leopard Frog). The only significant data collection issue in 2019 was at PIRO02, where the equipment recorded only intermittently resulting in only partial data analysis possible. Remaining sites successfully collected data as programmed. Cumulative program result summaries since inception are provided in appendices. Temperature logs in 2019 showed that the threshold of ≥40°F was uniformly exceeded by 1 May, hence we recommend making 10 April the target start date for data collection in future. This could be accomplished by fall deployment of recorders on delayed starts. We also recommend making sure that recorders are mounted 6–10 feet high to better survey the soundscape with less interference from foliage, and that temperature loggers be placed within solar shields.
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Casper, Gary, Stfani Madau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Mississippi National River and Recreation Area. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295507.

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Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Mississippi National River and Recreation Area (MISS). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at MISS in 2015. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. Eight of the nine species of frog and toad known to occur at MISS were found in 2019. The most well distributed species were Eastern American Toad, Gray Treefrog, Green Frog, and Northern Leopard Frog. Rarer are Blanchard’s Cricket Frog, Cope’s Gray Treefrog, Wood Frog, and Boreal Chorus Frog. American Bullfrog has not yet been detected on GLKN monitored sites but has been recently confirmed nearby (Pigs Eye Lake). Two of the ten sites—MISS02, MISS04—were not sampled in 2019 due to flooding, and occupancy of early calling species at MISS06 was determined inconclusive due to a late sampling start. MISS07 was also deployed late and results may contain some false absences due to late sampling. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance (as opposed to occupancy) across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. There were some data collection issues in 2019, with two ARS units not deployed and two others with late start dates. This did reduce our ability to assess some sites and species. Summaries of 2019 data are shown in Appendices A, B and C, and cumulative data collection result summaries are provided in Appendix E. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was already exceeded by 1 April in 2019, we recommend a 15 March start date for future data collection.
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Casper, Gary, Stefanie Nadeau, and Thomas Parr. Acoustic amphibian monitoring, 2019 data summary: Isle Royale National Park. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295506.

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Amphibians are a Vital Sign indicator for monitoring long-term ecosystem health in seven national park units that comprise the Great Lakes Network. We present here the results for 2019 amphibian monitoring at Isle Royale National Park (ISRO). Appendices contain tabular summaries for six years of cumulative results. The National Park Service Great Lakes Inventory and Monitoring Network established 10 permanent acoustic amphibian monitoring sites at ISRO in 2015. Acoustic samples are collected by placing automated recorders with omnidirectional stereo microphones at each of the 10 sampling sites. Temperature loggers co-located with the recorders also collect air temperature during the sampling period. The monitoring program detected all seven species of frog and toad known to occur at ISRO in 2019, with Eastern American Toad, Green Frog and Spring Peeper occurring at almost every site sampled, and Wood Frog at six sites. Gray Treefrog, Mink Frog, and Boreal Chorus Frog were found at only one or two sites each. Northern Leopard Frog has yet to be confirmed at ISRO in this GLKN monitoring program. We expanded analyses and reporting in 2018 to address calling phenology and to provide a second metric for tracking changes in abundance (as opposed to occupancy) across years. Occupancy analyses track whether or not a site was occupied by a species. Abundance is tracked by assessing how the maximum call intensity changes on sites across years, and by how many automated detections are reported from sites across years. Using two independent survey methods, manual and automated, with large sample sizes continues to return reliable results, providing a confident record of site occupancy for most species. There were no significant data collection issues in 2019. Three units stopped collecting data early but these data gaps did not compromise sampling rigor or analysis. Since temperature logs show that the threshold of ≥40°F was often exceeded by 1 April in 2019, making 15 March a start date for data collection may be considered if park personnel feel snow and ice cover would be reduced enough by that date as well. We do recommend making sure that temperature logger solar shields in future are not hanging in such a manner as to be banging against anything in a breeze, as this contaminates the soundscape
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Hills, Thomas, Gus O'Donnell, Andrew Oswald, Eugenio Proto, and Daniel Sgroi. Understanding Happiness: A CAGE Policy Report. Edited by Karen Brandon. The Social Market Foundation, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-910683-21-7.

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Everyone wants to be happy. Over the ages, tracts of the ancient moral philosophers – Plato, Aristotle, Confucius – have probed the question of happiness. The stirring words in the preamble to the Declaration of Independence that established ‘Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness’ as ‘unalienable Rights’ served as the inspiration that launched a nation, the United States of America. Yet, more than 240 years later, the relationship between government’s objectives and human happiness is not straightforward, even over the matters of whether it can and should be a government aim. We approach this question not as philosophers, but as social scientists seeking to understand happiness through data. Our work in these pages is intended to enhance understanding of how the well-being of individuals and societies is affected by myriad forces, among them: income, inflation, governance, genes, inflation, inequality, bereavement, biology, aspirations, unemployment, recession, economic growth, life expectancies, infant mortality, war and conflict, family and social networks, and mental and physical health and health care. Our report suggests the ways in which this information might be brought to bear to rethink traditional aims and definitions of socioeconomic progress, and to create a better – and, yes, happier – world. We explain what the data say to us: our times demand new approaches. Foreword by Richard Easterlin; Introduced by Diane Coyle.
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Prysyazhna-Gapchenko, Julia. VOLODYMYR LENYK AS A JOURNALIST AND EDITOR IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11094.

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In this article considered Journalistic and editorial activity of Volodymyr Lenika (14.06.1922–02.11.2005) – one of the leading figures of Ukrainian emigration in Germany. First outlined basic landmarks of his life and creation. Journalistic and editorial activity of Volodymyr Lenik was during to forty years out of Ukraine. In the conditions of emigration politically zaangazhovani Ukrainians counted on temporality of the stay abroad and prepared to transference of the created charts and instituciy on native lands. It was or by not main part of conception of liberation revolution of elaborate OUN under the direction of Stepan Banderi, and successfully incarnated in post-war years. Volodymyr Lenik, executing responsible commissions Organization, proved on a few directions of activity, which were organically combined with his journalistic and editorial work. As an editor he was promotorom of creation and realization of models of magazines «Avangard», «Krylati», «Znannia», «Freie Presse Korespondenz», newspapers «Shliakh peremogy». As a journalist Volodymyr Lenik left ponderable work, considerable part of which entered in two-volume edition «Ukrainians on strange land, or reporting, from long journeys». Subject of him newspaper-magazine publications directed on illumination of school, youth, student, cultural, scientific problems, organization and activity of emigrant structures, political fight of emigration, to dethronement of the antiukrainskikh Moscow diversions and provocations. Such variety of problematic of works of V. Lenika was directed in the river-bed of retaining of revolutionary temperament in the environment of diaspore, to bringing in of it to activity in public and political life. Problematic of him is systematized publicism and journalistic appearances, which was inferior realization of a few important tasks, namely to the fight for Ukrainian independence in new terms, cherishing and maintainance of national identity, counteraction hostile soviet propaganda. On an example headed Volodymyr Lenikom a magazine «Knowledge» some aspects are exposed him editorial trade.
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