Academic literature on the topic 'Green marketing tools'

Green marketing is a promotion of "green" or environmentally friendly products as a consumer base for the premium product. It implies the whole chain of a product's life cycle, prevention of releasing pollutants into the environment and their removal using phytoremediation as one of many tools. Increasing social care linked health well-being with sustainable environmental and economy. Therefore, increased number of eco-minded entrepreneurs includes green marketing. A strategic goal of corporations is to raise awareness through environmentally minded publication, eco-friendly retail, organic catering/promotion, eco-friendly landscaping, eco-consulting, etc. Thus, green tools, part of green marketing promote and educate about carbon emissions and pollution consumers daily activities produce and the impact those activities have on the final product. In the context of the changes in business, green marketing could be put in the framework of life cycle thinking. Taking into account waste as a final by product even in a lean manufacturing, LCA includes unavoidable pollutants or products as well as the remediation/phytoremediation to decrease harmful product impact.

<p>The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of green marketing tools on product choice and how green initiatives influence purchase intention of consumers. The research also attempts to examine the relationship between age, income, education, and occupation with consumer purchase intention in association with green marketing tools. The study is descriptive in nature and focuses on hypothesis testing using structured questionnaire and interview. Structured questionnaire is used to collect primary data from a sample size of 120 respondents focusing on employed, self-employed, students and homemakers. These groups are assumed to represent green purchase in today’s society. However, opinions of marketing professionals have also been considered. The survey population represents the people who go for shopping; data have also been collected from the point of purchase. Green purchase intention was seen to be incremental considering the increase in the level of education of individuals. Green marketing tools i.e., environmental belief, green packaging, green branding, green advertisement, green labelling has been taken into account to observe its significance towards consumer purchase intention. Likert scale questions with five-scalerating were used to do the hypothesis testing. The questions included statements in conjunction with the measure of green marketing tool’s influence over consumer purchase intention. The research revealed that green marketing tools played a significant role in inducing a positive purchase intention towards green products. While there exists growing preference towards green products, price plays a major role in product purchase.</p><p>Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research, Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 37-57</p>

The green marketing includes more than just a simple building of corporate image. It becomes a modern mean of the enforcement of actual environmental trends to a broad spectrum of business activities. The field of action of green marketing tools is relatively extensive, starting with the protection of environment, production and sale of products and services with ecological conditions and requirements, through the final consumption of environmentally friendly products, which affects the quality of life and health of the whole society. The paper in brief presents the results of the marketing survey that was focused on finding how chosen Slovak companies applied principles of green marketing and used green marketing tools within their business activities, if ever. Nowadays, concepts such as green marketing, green business and ecological product appear more frequently particularly with regard to communication of companies. For these reasons, the aim of the survey was to determine the extent to which the principles of green marketing are implemented in selected business entities in the Slovak Republic. Keywords: Green marketing, environmental management system, tools of green communication mix, advertising, public relation;

This study employs the Legitimacy Theory and Self-efficacy Theory to examine the potential role of green marketing tools in fostering green eating behaviour. Using the mall-intercept technique at major retailers, data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire survey on South African consumers who regularly buy green products. Data analysis was conducted with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0.The results indicate that South African consumers are significantly influenced by eco-labels and eco-brands when buying green products. The study, however, shows a negative relationship between green advertising and green eating efficacy. It also reveals a positive relationship between green eating efficacy and green eating behaviour. The findings of the study highlighted important implications and policy directions that marketers and policy makers may implement in order to promote green eating behaviour.

This study employs the Legitimacy Theory and Self-efficacy Theory to examine the potential role of green marketing tools in fostering green eating behaviour. Using the mall-intercept technique at major retailers, data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire survey on South African consumers who regularly buy green products. Data analysis was conducted with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0.The results indicate that South African consumers are significantly influenced by eco-labels and eco-brands when buying green products. The study, however, shows a negative relationship between green advertising and green eating efficacy. It also reveals a positive relationship between green eating efficacy and green eating behaviour. The findings of the study highlighted important implications and policy directions that marketers and policy makers may implement in order to promote green eating behaviour.

SummaryA transition for a green, circular economy has encouraged companies to use new tools which boost sustainability. The purpose of this article is to discuss the consideration of life cycle thinking in green marketing as realized by companies. This theoretical-conceptual study aims to analyze life cycle assessment (LCA) as a useful tool for assessing green marketing goals. We also intend to highlight the importance of creating consumer trust for green business by displaying the green credentials of the products and activities. The article presents t he virtues and shortcomings of the LCA results relative to marketing management. As a result, the literature presents some gaps in terms of addressing life cycle thinking in marketing management and linking with consumer participation and trust.

The article deals with green competitiveness advantages for companies. The green competitive development is considered to be an essential condition to provide a high level of sustainable social and economic development. The authors systematized scientific investigation of the key determinants of the green competitiveness according to the marketing, technological, innovative, communicative, stakeholders, qualitative, level, fiscal and ethic approaches. The primary purpose of the study is to analyse the preconditions for promotion the green competitiveness of enterprises and analyse the influence of the using marketing tools (ensuring the proper quality (environmental) of green goods and services, differentiation of pricing policy, creation of green commercial networks and platforms, promotion of eco-goods and green activity, interaction with the consumers) on a company’s descriptive variables (market segment (sales volumes), green image, efficiency of companies activity, products competitiveness). The object of study is the companies from the food industry, agriculture, machinery-producing industry and production of building materials. The quantitative study employed a sample of 110 companies, for testing each competitive advantage dimension against the established green marketing tools and company descriptive variables using the method of logistic regressions. The obtained results showed the level of integration mix marketing tools for supporting the green competitive advantages. The highest level of integration is in the food industry, the lowest level – in the production of building materials. Provided evaluation gives the opportunity to suggest the system of marketing instruments for forming and strengthening the company’s green competitive advantages.

A serious business issue, recurring in the public debate held in Greece and concerning the future of the Agricultural sector, is the stated need of the Agro-coops’ sector’s organisational and operational reform and improvement (Karamichas, 2008; Tolios, 2003). This identified and/or suggested required strategic business development and change is considered to be a product and at the same time the source of the agro-coops’ required organisational performance improvement, as Kamenidis (2008), Arvanitoyiannis (2001) and Parnell (2000) suggest. Furthermore, they relate this strategic business development and change, and performance improvement process with the agro-coops’ business processes’ reconfiguration and resulting improvement. According to the majority of the proposed economic and business models, the major mechanism to accomplish the aforementioned aim - that is the strategic choice of the Agro-coops’ sector for operating effectively and efficiently - is and/or should be the adoption of the privately owned businesses’ sector organisational framework (Karamichas, 2008; Parnell, 2000). Furthermore, the agro-coops have to combine these adopted elements and practices with the particularities of the agricultural business sector, as Ian McPherson (1995) emphatically states. On the other hand, the distinct ownership structure of the agro-coops which is more democratic than hierarchical makes the implementation of change more difficult. In the Greek business environment, many authors (Karaiskaki, 2003; Arvanitoyiannis and Kourtis, 2002) relate this required organisational performance improvement with the effective implementation and efficient use of the adopted and developed by the agro-coops ISO 9000 QMS, which is the particular focus of this final thesis’ document. According to them, this model represents one of the best business practices for the Greek agro-Unions achieving improved business processes and product quality. These, by their turn, may lead the agro-Unions enjoying improved organisational performance and consequently business and financial state. On the other hand, as Kokkinos (2009) and Arvanitoyiannis (2001) state, the Greek agro-Unions’ business sector has being suffering the last two to three decades from: IV 1. outdated managerial practices and business behaviour, 2. insufficient “investment” in human resources due to inappropriate recruitment and development of them by the required educational and training programmes, 3. competitive relations between the Board of Directors’ elected members and the professional managers, as well as among the members of these two groups, 4. undermined business status and endangered financial position, 5. inappropriate and not clearly defined operational (actual management and strategic decision-making process) framework as far as authority, responsibility and accountability issues are concerned, 6. interference of external parties aiming at serving their own interests. Based on these aforementioned identified weaknesses, required reform actions and proposed business models of organisational change and strategic business development, the researcher decided to focus his entire DBA research project and this final thesis research study on the critical investigation, analysis and evaluation of the ISO 9000 QMS’ business status and manner of implementation process and use purpose in the Greek Agro-Unions’ business sector. The main research question was and is: what are the driving and restraining forces that influence how efficiently and effectively the Greek agro-Unions have been implementing and using ISO 9000 QMS. During 2005-2006, the researcher conducted a series of case studies research, including both a qualitative research based on in-depth interviews and a quantitative research based on a large scale, cross-sectional survey in a fair number of Greek agro-coops for critically investigating, analysing and evaluating this main research question. Moreover, he also proceeded to the thorough investigation of these aforementioned major research aims in this final thesis’ qualitative research study, which was conducted from March to September of 2007, by in-depth interviewing 62/sixty two key stakeholders - them being: the Board of Directors’ elected members (especially the Presidents), General Managers and Quality & Production managers - of 21/twenty one agro-Unions and 7/seven Confederations of them, which represent the 30% of the sector’s population. These main research aims were accomplished by the exploration and critical evaluation V of the researched agro-Unions’ key stakeholders’ perceptions, attitudes and practices towards ISO 9000 QMS’ business nature, and operational and strategic business properties. Because, as Oakland (2003) and Foster (2001) believe, any quality management system’s effective implementation process and efficient use purpose are strongly based on and influenced by the corporate stakeholders’ “business stance” - that is their attitudes and business practices - towards it. This final thesis’ qualitative research study is mainly empirical in nature, but it also uses the existing literature and theories concerning this research topic, other researches’ findings and this DBA research project’s previous phases’ outcomes. It suggests, in accordance to the entire DBA research project, that ISO 9000 QMS’ effective implementation and efficient use could be a competitive model of business practice for the Greek agro-Unions achieving strategic business development and change, through their business processes and consequently organisational performance improvement. Furthermore, it hypothesises that the Greek agro-Unions and their key stakeholders are using ISO 9000 QMS as a strategic resource-competence for achieving the aforementioned strategic aim, despite these corporations’ existing business status, financial position and managerial practices, as well as organisational context and settings, and operational framework. The research study’s main findings are: i) rival relations among the key stakeholders' groups and even between members of the same group, ii) outdated managerial practices and business behaviour related with: iii) inappropriate and inadequate decision making process and actual management, both associated with, iv) the stakeholders exhibiting a paternalistic view and pursuing personal and even external parties' - political interests; v) lack of accountability in terms of the decision making process and outcomes, as far as the elected members of the BoDs is concerned; vi) not clearly defined and used in actual practice lines of authority, responsibility and accountability between the BoDs' elected members and the professional managers; vii) Key stakeholders' groups' (especially the BoDs' members') lack of and/or limited knowledge of and training on business issues in general and ISO 9000 QMS' business nature and properties in particular; resulting in connection with the previous findings to viii) improper use of these systems' operational properties in a fair number of agro-Unions; and ix) non-use of the strategic one aiming at the strategic business development through the VI improvement of business processes in the majority of them; x) adoption and practice of an externally imposed, breakthrough change process being followed by an incremental one, which in most cases is based on benchmarking and adopting the agro-Union's strategic business partner-private sector's company; xi) business competence based on seniority of years occupancy as member of the BoDs (BoDs' members) versus business competence based on educational knowledge and business experience as professional manager (professional managers). In relation to and as a result of the aforementioned the researcher’s recommendations for change are: a) policy and legal changes concerning the authority, responsibility and accountability issues by: i) a new statute referring to the agro-Unions’ ownership shareholding scheme, ii) the use of an independent external agent for auditing the agro-Unions’ business operations and financial results, and attributing accountability to the involved stakeholders respectively, iii) clearly defined and established by the PASEGES lines of authority and responsibility between the BoDs’ elected members and the professional managers in terms of actual operational and strategic management and decision making process; b) adoption and practice of a “new’’ scheme concerning the continuous training in business issues, as well as in cooperative issues of all the stakeholders, them being: the BoDs’ elected members and the professional managers in order for them acquiring the required business competence for properly deciding and managing the operational and strategic business issues. This training programme could be provided by the PASEGES and/or University schools in the form of educational programmes and business practice of three to six months each time, c) recruitment and advancement of the professional managers based on managerial and business competence and on achievement of objectives, d) audit of ISO 9000 QMS’ management and development by an independent external agent in cooperation with state agencies for assuring the systems’ actual development and use according to ISO 9000 Guidelines and the agro-Union’s quality and corporate business plan.

Individer i samhället bär ansvaret för att bevara en hållbar konsumtion och göra bättre val somfrämjar naturens resurser. Detta kan fördelaktigt nås genom köp av produkter som är bättre förmiljön. Det är dock viktigt att företagen som säljer dessa, tydliggör de miljömässigabudskapen till kunderna. Att marknadsföra varor på internet kan anses vara effektivt för att nåut till en stor mängd. En låg reklameffektivitet kan dock påverka verksamhetensförsäljningsintäkter och företaget bör därför beakta hur digital marknadsföring kan användaspå ett effektivt sätt.Utifrån tidigare forskning har brister identifierats, gällande avgörande aspekter i sambandmed marknadsföring av miljövänliga produkter på internet. Studien syftar således till attbesvara och öka förståelsen kring vilka marknadsföringsaspekter som kan vara avgörande, närett företag marknadsför sina miljövänliga produkter med internet somkommunikationsverktyg. Genom en kvalitativ metod har en fallstudie genomförts på ettsvenskt företag som säljer miljövänliga shoppingkassar, vilka marknadsförs genom internet.Två semistrukturerade intervjuer har utförts med företagets grundare, vilket utgör studiensempiriska material. Med utgångspunkt från befintliga teorier om bland annat miljövänligaprodukter, miljöinriktad marknadsföring samt internet som kommunikationsverktyg, har detsammanställda intervjumaterialet sedan analyserats.Utifrån studiens analys har fem avgörande marknadsföringsaspekter med anknytning tillmiljövänliga produkter på internet, identifierats. Resultaten visar att en hemsida spelar enavgörande roll när företaget har svårt att marknadsföra sina miljövänliga produkter på andraelektroniska sätt. Likaså utgör en inriktning på specifika målgrupper med enmiljömedvetenhet eller andra köpbeteenden i åtanke, en avgörande aspekt. Resultaten visaräven att företaget bör använda ett lättsamt, sanningsenligt och varierat budskap vidmarknadsföring av varor som kännetecknar en miljöförbättring av befintliga produkter.Slutligen utgör förhållandet till miljökrav och regler som framhävs på internet, en avgörandemarknadsföringsaspekt.Studien har bidragit till en ökad förståelse kring avgörande marknadsföringsaspekter isamband med miljövänliga produkter på internet. Vidare forskning bör förslagsvis studeraliknande företag, för att göra en jämförelse av resultaten.
Individuals in society are responsible for a sustainable consumption and making choices thatpromote the use of eco-friendly resources. This can be achieved through the purchasing ofenvironmentally friendly products. However, it is important that the companies clearly statethe environmental message to their customers. Marketing on the internet could be seen as agood way to reach the mass market, but the low advertising efficiency may impact revenue.Therefore, companies should consider how to best utilize digital marketing.Based on previous research, flaws have been identified regarding essential aspects ofmarketing green products on the internet. The purpose of this study is therefore to answer andincrease the understanding about which marketing aspects that can be crucial when acompany markets their eco-friendly products, using the internet as a communication tool. Byusing a qualitative method, a case study was performed at a Swedish company that sellsenvironmentally friendly shopping-bags which are marketed on the internet. Two semistructuredinterviews with the company’s founders comprise the empirical material of thisstudy. The compiled interview material has then been analysed using existing theories on thesubject as a starting point.Based on the analysis, five crucial marketing aspects of eco-friendly products on theinternet have been identified. The results show that a web page is a decisive factor when thecompany has trouble marketing their environmentally friendly products in other electronicways. They go on to show that targeted groups, with an environmental awareness or otherpurchase behaviour in mind, is another crucial aspect. Further, the company should use alight-hearted, honest and varied message in marketing of existing products signifying apositive change in eco-friendliness. Finally, adhering to environmental rules and regulationsand emphasizing this on the internet is essential.This study has contributed to an increased understanding of the vital aspects of marketingenvironmentally friendly products on the internet. Further research might study similarcompanies to compare the results.

Market researchers employ various tools to determine whether certain products and features are likely to succeed. In real estate development, the process typically entails examining the demographics and characteristics of the market area and reviewing long-term national, regional, and local customer preference trends for a given product. Conventional market research compares existing products serving similar customers, often overlooking the possibility of new products or new customers. Conventional market research typically asks questions only about historic market performance of comparable products ("comps"). This practice may be one of green building's greatest barriers, because comps do not necessarily give an accurate reading of the appeal of the new, greener product. However, while the comps used in conventional market research examine similar projects, the analogs used in creative feasibility enable the researcher to pick and choose among projects, or specific features, much more widely without being limited by circumstances. Therefore, first of all, a reliable database of analogs has been created by collecting a large number of authentic case studies and associated performance statistics. Secondly, a faster, easier and more precise search engine has also been developed to enable the extraction of accurate analogs from the database and apply them to a certain building in this study. Utilizing the tool developed in this study, reasonable green designation levels that are now cost effective and more sustainable compared to conventional buildings have been established. These results assist developers forwarding understanding achievable environmental performance goals in green buildings that use little of energy, little of virgin materials and give little of negative impacts on natural environment in future.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of
Graduate

This chapter is meant to serve as both a resource and as an aid for K-12 teachers who are interested in incorporating the philosophy and various aspects of the green school into their day-to-day teaching activities. A working definition of green schools and a summary of their benefits are presented as background information for teachers unfamiliar with the movement. Suggested steps for greening schools and classrooms are provided for those who may be interested in advancing the concept in their particular situations. Throughout the chapter, the school is highlighted as a laboratory for practicing conservation. To that end, discrete elements of green design are presented as suggested subject areas. Successful green school programs are identified as an additional resource. Finally, suggested green activities for the classroom are provided for interested instructors.

Corporate needs to assess, evaluate and communicate sustainability efforts are evident in the increasing use of management tools. A selected set of commonly used sustainability management tools are compared in this study with a key question in mind: how well does each of them provide grounds for assessing and communicating corporate sustainability ambitions? Each of the tools reflects different aspects of responsible conduct; expressed in economic, environmental, social and temporal & spatial terms. They represent a partial foundation for ex ante assessment and ex post evaluation and, as such, grounds for providing information and communicating. Selecting suitable tools for making sustainability management assessments presupposes an awareness of a need to integrate the perspectives on sustainability as well as finding a suitable marketing tool mix.

The chapter includes an analysis of the current state of the international organic market and contemporary tendencies in the production and marketing of green products in Russia. Analysis of Russia's foreign trade in agricultural products is also provided. This chapter includes an overview of major threats and opportunities for organic production in Russia in view of trade liberalization. This is also related to state support of green production in Russia and CIS and its influence on volumes, directions, structure and effectiveness of trade. The chapter concludes with assessment of perspective tools to ensure sustainability of green production through a set of political, social and financial tools, and bigger involvement of rural households into international competition, diversification of traditional rural sources of income by means of green production, local identification and specialization, and utilization of existing competitive advantages.

Nowadays, social media (SM) platforms provide easy and affordable tools to market products' brands and services to a wider audience. It is rampant that many fast-moving consumable goods (FMCG) companies are using deceit-marketing tactics perceived as more environmentally friendly sensitive to their environment through the application of social media platforms. This deceptive approach is often used to enhance their market share base, profitability, brand equity, increase brand loyalty, increase their sales volume, and expand brand equity at the expense of Generation Y ignorance. This incessant practice of deceit tactic is called “greenwashing.” Greenwashing has become prevalent and increasing in geometrical progression in the FMCG industry targeting Generation Y using the power of social media platforms. The high rate of this concern has become increasingly popular and interesting due to large benefits associated with green marketing initiatives and the role SM is playing towards it.

The chapter includes an analysis of the current state of the international organic market and contemporary tendencies in the production and marketing of green products in Russia. Analysis of Russia's foreign trade in agricultural products is also provided. This chapter includes an overview of major threats and opportunities for organic production in Russia in view of trade liberalization. This is also related to state support of green production in Russia and CIS and its influence on volumes, directions, structure and effectiveness of trade. The chapter concludes with assessment of perspective tools to ensure sustainability of green production through a set of political, social and financial tools, and bigger involvement of rural households into international competition, diversification of traditional rural sources of income by means of green production, local identification and specialization, and utilization of existing competitive advantages.

Dark tourism is a segment of tourism that has been growing in recent decades and is strongly associated with tragedy and mystery. There are several academic researchers who present literature on this specific group of tourist consumers. As a result, 2020 was strongly marked by the pandemic of the new coronavirus (COVID-19). This chapter presents a reflection on the role of dark tourism in the pandemic and post-pandemic period. From an interdisciplinary perspective, this chapter presents contributions to (dark) tourism, marketing, and pandemic management.

Understanding different aspects of sustainability, supply chain management (SCM), and decision making policies and relating them to performance measurement have been increasingly investigated in the last decade. In contrast to traditional SCM, which typically focuses on economic and financial business performance, sustainable SCM (SSCM) is characterized by explicit integration of environmental or social objectives which extend the economic dimension. For evaluating the sustainability of SCM as well as its greenness, we have to consider many and different index and criteria. One of the best tools for assessing the SSCM and GSCM is multicriteria decision making (MCDM) techniques. Many studies have been conducted in this area. Moreover, there are many uncertainty factors which may reduce the accuracy of MCDM result. Actually, Uncertainty is always a worsening factor in any decision support models, and dilutes the planned objectives of such models. For decreasing this uncertainty, fuzzy logic has been combined with MCDM approach. In fact, the main purpose of this chapter is considering the recent studies in area of SSCM and GSCM regarding to applications of fuzzy MCDM techniques. At the end of this chapter, based on out investigations in applications of fuzzy MCDM in SSCM and GSCM and regarding to research gaps, some suggestions for future studies have been proposed.