Dissertations / Theses: 'Green Public Procurement'

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Sancak, Emirhan. "Green public procurement and thermal insulation." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19877.

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Dolva, Christiane. "Green Public Procurement (GPP) : How widespread is Green Public Procurement in Norway, and what factors are seen as drivers and barriers to a greener procurement practice?" Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7822.

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The public sector in Norway purchases products and services for more then 300 billion NOK per year.

This purchasing power can play an important role in leveraging the market share of environmentally

sound products by increasing the level of environmental requirements in public contracts.

Environmental considerations in public procurement have been on the international agenda since

the 1992 conference in Rio, and the OECD, the EU and the Nordic Council of Ministers have also

placed Green Public Procurement (GPP) on their agendas. Together with statements from the 2002

World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, they all underline GPP as a tool for

making a shift to more sustainable production and consumption practices.

In Norway, the Government launched a Norwegian Action Plan on Environmental and Social

Responsibility in Public Procurement in 2007. The aim of the plan was to encourage the public sector

to demand environmentally sound products and services. However, several previous studies that

have assessed the status of GPP show that, despite efforts to promote environmental considerations,

there is a long way to go before these are fully integrated into public procurement practice

The aim of this study was to produce information about how widespread the use of environmental

criteria are in Norway, and to identify what drivers and barriers are seen to influence the GPP status.

Based on experiences from other studies, the method design chosen was an analysis of tender

documents complemented by case studies with interviews. Using both methods provided a way of

balancing the results so as to get the most objective status scores on GPP together with more

detailed answers on perceived drivers and barriers.

The results revealed that almost 60% of all tender documents included some kind of environmental

criteria, but 1/3 of these were so unclear that it was doubtful as to whether or not they would result

in any green procurement. Of the product groups that were in focus, the one that included paper and

print was by far the “greenest” of the groups, with the others both containing less GPP and more

unclear criteria. Compared to other studies this puts Norway at the same level as Sweden, and shows

a slight improvement in total GPP compared to previous assessments. Still, taking the high amount of

unclear criteria into account may lower the overall GPP score.

The interview results indicated that lack of knowledge, focus on economic considerations and

product functionality, lack of support and management focus and work pressure were the five main

barriers preventing GPP. Increased co-operation, increased focus from management, simplification of

criteria and more available products with environmental labels were identified as drivers. The drivers

and barriers identified correspond to those of previous studies, with some new finding such as

identifying the lack of product specific knowledge, where previous studies have focused more on lack

of procurement knowledge.

The findings are all important when it comes to working out a strategy to follow up the Norwegian

Action Plan. They give information about the needs identified by the procurement officers

themselves, thus giving an indication of what initiatives to prioritise.

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Acosta, Bogran Paola, and Daria Džaja. "How do SMEs engage in Green Public Procurement? : An exploratory study of SMEs' barriers and enablers for Green Public Procurement in Scotland." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-98071.

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Thörn, Martina. "Green Public Procurement in Swedish Municipalities : An Econometric Analysis based on Survey Data." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-70227.

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Varnäs, Annika. "Enhancing Environmental Performance by Green Procurement : A study of environmental procurement preferences in the construction industry." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4766.

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In recent years, the general awareness of the environmental impacts that industrial production gives rise to has radically increased throughout the world. Finding ways to minimise these impacts has become a major concern of the authorities in many countries. In order to promote a more sustainable industrial production, different incentives can be used. Among these incentives, the consideration of environmental issues in public procurement is increasingly being emphasised.

While much attention regarding sustainable procurement has centred on the purchase of products, this thesis focuses on green procurement of construction contracts. The construction industry is a major contributor to environmental pollution. It consumes about half of all resources humans take from nature and accounts for about 25 – 40 per cent of all energy used and about 30 – 50 per cent of all waste generated in OECD countries.

In the procurement of products, the environmental impacts of the available products can be estimated and compared, for example by using tools such as life cycle assessments. When construction contracts are procured, assessing the suppliers’ environmental capabilities can be more challenging, as the contract to be procured has not yet been performed. However, at the same time, there are considerably more opportunities to steer the construction towards more environmentally friendly alternatives.

In the thesis, it is suggested that the environmental requirements and the environmental criteria for tender evaluation should be used in combination, in order to safeguard environmental performance in the construction project and at the same time stimulate a green development within the industrial sector. In addition, the role of the client in ensuring that the environmental requirements are fulfilled during construction work is emphasised.

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Malumfashi, Garba Ibrahim. "'Green' public procurement policies, climate change mitigation and international trade regulation : an assessment of the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/24c7aef7-074c-48db-877a-f9d22b51d7f5.

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This research examines the legal issues arising in the inter-relationship between climate change law and policy on the one hand, and international trade regulation on the other. The focus is government procurement. It looks at “green” government procurement (GPP) policies and practices used by the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol as a tool for climate change mitigation, and as it relates to these countries’ obligations under the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA). GPP is government purchase practice that favours goods, services and service suppliers that are more climate-friendly and energy efficient over similar others that are less so. For example, under the EU GPP policy, for climate reasons, procurement authorities have a preference for green electricity (generated from renewable sources) as against the conventional fossil-based electricity. The two types of “electricities” are ordinarily same products as far as their performance is concerned, that is, at the consumption level. Discriminating between the two has the potential to raise serious issues of law at WTO level.Under the WTO non-discrimination disciplines (GATT Arts. I and III, and GPA Art.III) product or service standards based on non-product related processes and production methods (PPMs) such as climate friendliness should not serve to permit differentiation in treatment between “like” products. The general exceptions provisions (GATT Art. XX(b) and (g) and GPA Art. XXIII) however, may permit such climate-related differential measures if they are: (1) necessary to achieve the legitimate policy objective intended, (2) not applied in a discriminatory manner and (3) not a disguised restriction on international trade. There are two issues of major concern to this study: First, there are textual discrepancies as between the GATT and GPA provisions related both to the nondiscrimination norms and the exceptions, which may pose interpretation difficulties in the event of a dispute. Secondly, the provisions of GATT Art. XX (b) and (g) are interpreted to refer to environment in general terms. However, the current trend is to single out and address climate change separately from among other environmental problems of transboundary nature. This is in view of the urgency associated with the challenge it poses. Generally, also, in accordance with established WTO jurisprudence, the party who invokes the GATT Art. XX exceptions bears the burden to prove the measure in question as being covered under the exceptions. Some scholars suggest that this situation places at a disadvantage the subjects covered by the exception provisions (in this case climate-related procurement). Examined, therefore, is not only the extent to which GPP practices can be accommodated under these exceptions, which are also in line with the WTO’s recognition of the principles of sustainable development, but also whether climate-friendly procurement is best protected if expressly provided for as “positive norm” in the text of the GPA. The Revised GPA 2007 (not yet in force) contains a new paragraph (Art. X:6) which explicitly permits the Parties to include environmental considerations in their procurement policies. This study argues that the revision would not fundamentally address the issues observed earlier. In order to avoid the interpretation difficulties envisaged, and to promote mutual supportiveness and coherence between the climate and trade regimes further amendment would be necessary to the text of Art. XXIII of the GPA to the general exceptions, or in the alternative, to Art. X:6 of the Revised GPA. The amendment should, subject to appropriate conditions, explicitly permit discriminatory GP measures meant to address climate change subject. This amendment would effectively shift the burden of proof from the Party maintaining the measure to the one complaining against it. In the final analysis, this research will contribute to the current discourse on what role the WTO may play in the efforts to fashion out new international climate policy to succeed the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC by 2012.

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Kullman, Zandra, Adam Allgurin, and Filip Karlsson. "Hållbarhetsaspekten vid upphandlingsprocess och kvalitetssäkring av livsmedel : En fallstudie på upphandlingsförvaltningen i Värnamo kommun." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64827.

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Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Den offentliga upphandlingen kan med väl genomtänkta krav på varor och tjänster bli en stark drivkraft och en föregångare för hållbar utveckling. Trots en svag och oklar lagstiftning inom området finns det idag stora möjligheter att ställa krav både på socialt ansvarstagande och miljöhänsyn i samband med offentliga upphandlingar. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka hur Värnamo kommun gör för att inkludera hållbarhet med inriktning på miljö i sina avtal med utvalda livsmedelsleverantörer. Vidare undersöks hur Värnamo kommun säkerställer att upphandlade varor och tjänster lever upp till avtalad kvalitet samt hur det faktiska tillvägagångssättet stämmer överens med den teori som finns. Metod: Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ art och har utförts genom en fallstudie. Utgångspunkten är ett positivistiskt synsätt och uppsatsen använder sig av ett deduktivt angreppssätt. Slutsats: I Värnamo kommun finns det en tillsatt kompetensgrupp som arbetar enbart med upphandling av livsmedel, denna grupp har kunskap och kännedom om hur marknaden och upphandlingsprocessen ser ut. Vid upphandling läggs i princip allt fokus kring avtalet, både när det gäller vilka krav som ställs och vad som ska följas upp. Trots att det inte är enkelt för offentliga verksamheter att göra inköp och kvalitetssäkringar enligt teorin finns det delar av teorin som redan idag uppfylls och det finns också en bas för vidare utveckling. Kvalitetssäkring sker i störst utsträckning innan avtalet signeras, vilket ur en tidsaspekt är en liten del av processen. Enligt teorin skall kvalitetssäkring ske kontinuerligt flera gånger per år. Det blir tydligt att teorin lämpar sig bättre för privat sektor eftersom det inom den offentliga sektorn finns mindre incitament för att hjälpas åt att utvecklas då nästa upphandling kan innebära att samarbetet ha nått vägs ände.
Background: Public procurement can with well thought through demands on goods and services become a strong driving force for sustainable development. Even with a weak and uncertain legislation within the field there are grand opportunities to demand both social responsibility and environmental accountability in public procurement. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how Värnamo municipality do to include sustainability with focus on the environment in their agreements with chosen grocery suppliers. Further it is investigated how Värnamo municipality make sure their procured goods and services are to terms with agreed standard, and if the actual approach is in line with theory on the subject. Method: The essay is of qualitative nature and has been performed in the way of a case study. The standpoint of the essay is a positivistic point of view and is performed with a deductive approach. Conclusion: In Värnamo municipality there is an appointed group with special competence that is working solely with the procurement of groceries, this group have knowledge about how the market and the procurement process works. In the time of procurement nearly all the focus is in the documented agreements, both regarding demands put and what is to be followed up. Even though it is not simple for a government controlled business to make procurements and quality assurances according to theory there are parts of theory that today are fulfilled and there is a foundation for further development. Quality assurance is by the most part done before the agreement is signed, which compared to the entire process is a small portion. According to theory quality assurance should happen multiple times yearly. It is apparent that theory is better suited for the private sector since in the public sector there are fewer incentives to help the other party improve where the next procurement can mean the cooperation has come to an end.

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Uttam, Kedar. "Seeking sustainability in the construction sector: opportunities within impact assessment and sustainable public procurement." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-144885.

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Growing concerns regarding sustainability have led the construction sector to adopt various policy instruments for reducing the impacts caused by construction activities. One such policy instrument includes impact assessment, which enables the construction sector to evaluate the environmental consequences of proposed developments at project (environmental impact assessment) and strategic (strategic environmental assessment) level. In recent years, the construction sector has also adopted green public procurement, which is a process whereby contracting authorities aim to procure services and products that meet environmental requirements. In certain contexts, green public procurement has extended to sustainable public procurement, which involves the incorporation of both environmental and social considerations in the procurement of services and products. Promoting sustainability in the constructor sector is a significant challenge. This challenge is primarily due to the requirement of high levels of cooperation among project stakeholders, on the one hand, and a lack of coordination between project planning and implementation on the other hand. Therefore, procurement plays a significant role as it establishes the tone for the interaction between contracting authorities and contractors. The overall aim of this thesis is to bolster the knowledge of promoting sustainability in the construction sector, with the specific aim of analysing the ways in which policy instruments such as environmental impact assessment and green public procurement can be reinforced to improve the coordination between planning and the implementation of sustainability considerations. This thesis conceptualises an inter-link between impact assessment and green public procurement, and identifies the opportunities to develop the inter-link. It is appropriate to plan for green public procurement at the pre-decision phase of an environmental impact assessment. The inter-link can be strengthened by involving contractors in planning for green and sustainable public procurement. One way to involve contractors is with the aid of competitive dialogue procedure, which is a procurement procedure that allows contracting authorities to hold discussions with contractors regarding the authority’s requirements. This study strengthens the conceptualisation that competitive dialogue procedure can facilitate green and sustainable public procurement. The various elements in a competitive dialogue procedure can enable the contracting authorities to ensure the consistency between the weight for environmental considerations in contract award criteria and the relevant preferences. This thesis also discusses key concerns for progress towards sustainable public procurement, which includes among others the incorporation of sustainability values in procurement decisions. In addition, this study identified certain discourses on future trends for green and sustainable public procurement. The discourses provide an opportunity for reflection, and thereby indicate that analytical support is required to develop criteria in a way that enables the evaluation of sustainable public procurement against the background of sustainability and justice regarding natural capital. Innovation must be promoted with a focus on sustainability values. Moreover, green or sustainable public procurement must be discussed between contracting authorities and contractors in light of its contribution to sustainability.

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Sundström, David. "On specification and inference in the econometrics of public procurement." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121681.

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In Paper [I] we use data on Swedish public procurement auctions for internal regularcleaning service contracts to provide novel empirical evidence regarding green publicprocurement (GPP) and its effect on the potential suppliers’ decision to submit a bid andtheir probability of being qualified for supplier selection. We find only a weak effect onsupplier behavior which suggests that GPP does not live up to its political expectations.However, several environmental criteria appear to be associated with increased complexity,as indicated by the reduced probability of a bid being qualified in the postqualificationprocess. As such, GPP appears to have limited or no potential to function as an environmentalpolicy instrument. In Paper [II] the observation is made that empirical evaluations of the effect of policiestransmitted through public procurements on bid sizes are made using linear regressionsor by more involved non-linear structural models. The aspiration is typically to determinea marginal effect. Here, I compare marginal effects generated under both types ofspecifications. I study how a political initiative to make firms less environmentally damagingimplemented through public procurement influences Swedish firms’ behavior. Thecollected evidence brings about a statistically as well as economically significant effect onfirms’ bids and costs. Paper [III] embarks by noting that auction theory suggests that as the number of bidders(competition) increases, the sizes of the participants’ bids decrease. An issue in theempirical literature on auctions is which measurement(s) of competition to use. Utilizinga dataset on public procurements containing measurements on both the actual and potentialnumber of bidders I find that a workhorse model of public procurements is bestfitted to data using only actual bidders as measurement for competition. Acknowledgingthat all measurements of competition may be erroneous, I propose an instrumental variableestimator that (given my data) brings about a competition effect bounded by thosegenerated by specifications using the actual and potential number of bidders, respectively.Also, some asymptotic results are provided for non-linear least squares estimatorsobtained from a dependent variable transformation model. Paper [VI] introduces a novel method to measure bidders’ costs (valuations) in descending(ascending) auctions. Based on two bounded rationality constraints bidders’costs (valuations) are given an imperfect measurements interpretation robust to behavioraldeviations from traditional rationality assumptions. Theory provides no guidanceas to the shape of the cost (valuation) distributions while empirical evidence suggeststhem to be positively skew. Consequently, a flexible distribution is employed in an imperfectmeasurements framework. An illustration of the proposed method on Swedishpublic procurement data is provided along with a comparison to a traditional BayesianNash Equilibrium approach.

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Günther, Edeltraud, and Lilly Scheibe. "The Hurdles Analysis : A method to identify and analyse hurdles for green procurement in municipalities." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1074594203546-41307.

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Public procurement amounts to approximately 12% of the gross domestic product of industrialized countries. The greatest part of it is controlled by municipalities. Consequently, their procurement decisions have an enormous potential to initiate and support sustainable development. But measures that have been taken so far did not have a substantial impact on production processes and products yet. This was the starting point for heading toward one of the objectives of the European research project RELIEF (Environmental Relief Potential of Urban Action on Avoidance and Detoxification of Waste Streams through Green Public Procurement): to identify existing hurdles for green public procurement and to develop strategies for overcoming those hurdles. For this a decision-oriented view on public procurement was chosen, possible hurdles, revealed in practice, were identified with the help of a therefore developed questionnaire and their relevance for the cities participating in the RELIEF project was examined. Thus the concept of the hurdles analysis was developed. Subsequently the method was improved by expanding the questioning on other European municipalities than those taking part in the RELIEF project as well as using it within the German research project NaBesI where a case study was accomplished. Based on the experiences and outcomes of these first hurdles analyses a self-evaluation tool was developed. It shall enable municipalities to assess their hurdles for green procurement and deduce strategies on their own.

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Soto, Palacios Miguel Ángel. "Towards the Implementation of Patterns of Environmental Sustainability in Production and Consumption: Sustainable Public Procurement." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118731.

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Public spending of many states makes a significant contribution to the Gross Domestic Product of countries, which are the main consumers of the national economies. For this reason, the purchasing power is an opportunity to influence the market by promoting production and consumption of sustainable and friendly goods to the environment.In this sense, this article discusses the system of Sustainable Public Procurements as a way to promote Sustainable Consumption and Production patterns and, thus, reach sustainable development for a green economy.
El gasto público de muchos Estados contribuye de manera significativa en el Producto Bruto Interno de los países, siendo normalmente los principales consumidores de las economías nacionales; razón por la que dicho poder de adquisición constituye una oportunidad para influir en el mercado, fomentando la producción y el consumo de bienes sostenibles y amigables con el ambiente. En ese sentido, el artículo aborda el mecanismo de las Compras Públicas Sostenibles como una herramienta para promover patrones de Consumo y Producción Sostenibles y, consecuentemente, lograr el desarrollo sostenible en el marco del concepto de una economía verde.

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Bartošová, Lenka. "Environmentální kritéria veřejných zakázek." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75166.

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This thesis deals with green public procurement as an instrument for integrating environmental considerations info public procurment. It focuses on legislative framework for public procurement in Czech republic and in the world, the assessment of environmental and economic effectiveness of green public procurement. It deals with the history of green public procurement and potential benefits of the environmental performance of public administration on the environment. The practical part is based on interviews with qualified primarily purchasing department selected organizations, which should follow the Government Resolution of 14 June 2010 Rules for application of the requirements for the award of public contracts and purchases of state and local governments, as described in the theoretical part.

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JOHANNESSON, STINA. "Public procurement of cellulose-based and locally produced textiles - incentives and barriers for sustainable purchasing in the Swedish healthcare sector." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21820.

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Background: This study describes the incentives and barriers of public procurement ofcellulose-based and locally produced textiles in the Swedish healthcaresector governed by the county councils and regions. The size of the publicprocurement market is substantial which makes it imperative to analyse theprocurement decisions taken by this large customer from asustainability perspective. To understand these decisions better the publicprocurement is also analysed from an organisational perspective discussingpressures from global, regional and local stakeholders and governingauthorities.Methods: Empirical and primary data was collected from three semi-structuredinterviews with procurement officers, strategic buyers and heads ofprocurement departments in three county councils and regions in Sweden.The qualitative data was supplemented with quantitative data from a surveytargeting the additional 18 county councils and regions in Sweden. All 21county councils and regions in Sweden participated in or responded to theinterview and survey study. Six (33 %) complete responses were submitted,while five (28 %) surveys were partially responded to. Seven (39 %) countycouncils and regions did not participate in the study. The quantitative surveydata was analysed through the Fisher’s exact test and a thematic analysis wasapplied jointly on the interview and survey data due to the identicalinterview and survey questions.Results: The four themes found in the empirical data were concluded to be thedecision-making in these procurement processes being affected by manystakeholders, a high trust on suppliers for information updates andsustainable responsibility, an existing knowledge gap on cellulose-based andlocally produced textiles and the challenges and opportunities surroundingthe regulation of sustainability in the contract terms in the publicprocurement of textiles. The procurement officials being in a leading or nonleadingposition did not show any statistically significant effect on theperception of the clarity in the relevant political directives and how thisinfluences the possibility to take sustainable action in the procurementprocess, nor on whether the short-term (lowest) price has a higher prioritythan the long-term (e.g. long-term societal and environmental costs) in theprocurement of textiles.Conclusion: The sustainable public procurement of textiles within the Swedish healthcaresector governed by the county councils and regions is characterized by ahigh level of organisational complexity including many global, regional andlocal stakeholders. The governing authorities as well as the procuringorganizations and suppliers show interest in implementing sustainableprocurement processes which is however aggravated by static contract terms,limited knowledge on novel textile materials and the perceived costs relatedto the procurement.

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Kleve, Wera. "Förutsättningar och hinder för att använda offentlig upphandling som styrmedel för en hållbar hantering av entreprenadberg." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-228407.

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Large volumes of excavated soil and rock are generated in building- and construction projects. These materials need to be transported longer and longer distances due to the densifications of cities. The transportation affects the environment in terms of noise and emissions, but also makes high demands on road infrastructure. To reduce the transport distances an increased responsibility for the excavated rock generated needs to be taken. Responsibility can be increased through an introduction of means of control. Previous studies describe public procurement as an effective tool to increase the responsibility taken by public authorities. Public procurement is regulated by law but the inclusive of environmental requirements is optional, which makes procurement as a tool flexible. The aim of this thesis is to examine public procurement as a tool to control and reduce the environmental impacts from handling, and specifically transporting excavated rock generated in municipal construction projects. The study consists of a case study conducted in Södertörns eight municipalities and a wider analysis that has been carried out in the regions of Stockholm, Västra Götaland and Skåne. The two studies showed that municipal officials generally do not believe that the handling of excavated rock is a municipal responsibility, it lies in the entrepreneurs self-interest to implement regional mass balances. Entrepreneurs instead, consider it to be a municipal problem that can be resolved only when the municipality begins to take responsibility for the excavated rock generated, by example through developing regional plans. As in previous studies, the result indicates that the supplier and purchaser consider the environmental requirements in the procurement process differently. The thesis identify four different factors, which limits the municipalities ability and willingness to take more responsibility in the procurement process regarding the matter excavated rock from construction. These factors are different political position, short term planning, centralization of the procurement units and lack of national and municipal regulations. The study presents that the knowledge in municipal procurement entities is low when it comes to the handling of excavated rock from municipal construction projects. The major knowledge gaps are probably due to the fact that excavated rock for a long time has been seen as an unwanted issue and interest in managing their materials has therefore been low. The knowledge gap must be decreased before the municipalities are able to develop an ethical maturity and take more responsibility in the management of excavated rock. Increased dialogue between different municipal sections and other stakeholders may increase the knowledge.
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Paradine, Martin, and Vasiliki Siopi. "Determinants of environmental awareness in small sized public organizations : A survey of environmental requirements in engineering projects' tender documents at a local authority." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3005.

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Environmental awareness among public authorities and governmental institutions has been a priority initiative for countries in the EU over the last years. The public sector is a major consumer of products and services, while their environmental policies are also at a top. Many EU Member Countries have already implemented EU legislation for greener purchasing in the public sector, while others are now preparing their National Action Plan. However, conscious acceptance of National Policy objectives and adoption of green environmental behavior in all scales of the public sector is a challenge. Researchers are concerned that public authorities and especially those of a small size are still focused on the lowest price as a leading factor in public tenders. Many studies have shown that lack of knowledge is a key determinant for the scarce environmental requirements in public procurements. Under this framework, this thesis explores the determinants that affect the implementation of environmental requirements in public procurements and consequently the environmental awareness of small sized public organizations. This thesis is based on a review of policy documents and a single case study investigation. The single case study was conducted on the Technical Department of a municipality in North Greece and the data sources were engineering projects’ public procurements and interviews from the local authority’s officers.

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Aldenius, Malin. "Influence of public bus transport organisation on the introduction of renewable fuel." Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73229.

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The need to decrease emissions from the transport sector is getting urgent and public transport can play an important role in the transition to low emission fuels. To a large extent, public transport in Europe is provided by regional authorities who controls the traffic to a varying degree, from complete public monopoly to competitive tendering. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyse how the organisation of the public bus transport market influences the introduction of renewable fuels. The focus is on understanding what the motivation is for the use of different organisational forms and what challenges and opportunities the authorities in a region encounter during the introduction of renewable fuels. Interviews with authorities in ten Swedish public transport regions show that when functional requirements are used in competitive tendering it will exclusively result in the cheapest renewable fuel available. Thus, if new fuels or technologies should be able to enter the market, either it will be necessary for regional authorities to take more control using specific requirements or publicly management, or the national government must introduce policy instruments that enable new renewable fuels to become competitive on the market.

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Malmros, Johannes, and Mattias Svensson. "Miljökrav : En studie om miljökrav vid upphandling av busstrafik." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34121.

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Miljökrav vid upphandling av busstrafik är ett effektivt styrmedel för att nå Sveriges uppsatta klimatmål. Enligt tidigare forskning är andelen förnybart drivmedel för busstrafiken i Sverige olika beroende på vilken region. Upphandlingsförfarandet kan enligt Lagen om miljökrav vid upphandling (2011:846) se olika ut beroende på framförandet av miljökraven. Uppsatsen behandlar region Hallands, Kalmar läns och region Skånes upphandlingsförfarande. Uppsatsen innehåller även ett antal mindre aktörer inom upphandling av busstrafik per region för att identifiera eventuella skillnader gällande upphandlingsförfarandet. Syfte med uppsatsen är att identifiera vilka faktorer som påverkar valet av drivmedel och hur anbudsprövningen ser ut när offentliga myndigheter upphandlar busstrafik. Vidare syftar uppsatsen till att identifiera eventuella skillnader gällande upphandlingsförfarandet mellan kommun och region samt vad det i så fall beror på. Uppsatsens metodansats är i huvudsak induktiv med en kvalitativ insamlingsmetod då syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa den empiriska verkligheten. Den insamlade empirin analyserades med teorin för att komma fram till uppsatsens slutsats. Faktorer som påverkar valet av drivmedel är politiska mål, pris, miljöpåverkan, resurser, infrastruktur samt organisatoriska strategier. I huvudsak används tekniska krav- och specifikationer av de studerade aktörerna vid framförandet av miljökrav vid upphandling. Författarna har fått indikationen att uppsatsens valda regioner kommer att använda sig utav tilldelningskriterium vid nästa upphandling. Skillnaden mellan region, kommun och universitet kan härledas till pris, mål, strategier, teknikutveckling samt ramavtalens olika utformning.

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Sandahl, Christian, and Joakim Wenner. "Barriärer kring grön offentlig upphandling i fem svenska kommuner." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129377.

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Grön offentlig upphandling är enligt studier och statliga rapporter ett kraftfullt bidragande verktyg i arbetet för en bättre miljö och hållbar framtid. Då det har möjligheten att direkt påverka en stor del av det aktiva flödet av miljövänliga produkter på marknaden. Trots dess betydelse så går arbetet långsamt. Flera studier undersöker de bakomliggande orsakerna till detta och lyfter fram flera barriärer och lösningar. Denna studie ämnar undersöka hur dessa barriärer ser ut hos sex kommunala upphandlare i fem olika Svenska kommuner, samt ställa det i förhållande till tidigare forskning. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med en intervjuguide som baseras på föregående studier. Utifrån svaren från respondenterna kunde det noterades skiftningar mellan barriärerna idag och de tidigare studierna. I denna studie diskuteras sju olika barriärer där kunskap spelar en central roll. Green public procurement is according to studies and official reports a powerful tool in the work for a better environment and sustainable future. This is because it has the ability to influence a big part of the flow of environmentally friendly products on the market. But the work goes slow despite its importance. Several studies have been done on the subject, where they present several barriers and solutions. This study will take a look at how these barriers is perceived by six different municipality procurement workers in five different Swedish municipalities today, as well as put this in perspective to previous studies. Qualitative interviews were performed with an interview guide based on previous studies. From the answers of the respondents a shift between barriers today and previous studies could be identified. This study discusses seven different barriers where knowledge play a central role.

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Musio, Francesca. "Valutazione dei criteri ambientali minimi del pan gpp per i servizi di pulizia e loro applicazione al piano di riduzione degli impatti ambientali del presidio ospedaliero di Conegliano." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5991/.

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The subject of my thesis is to develop an assessment of minimum environmental criteria of the Plan National Action of Green Public Procurement for the cleaning service in the Conegliano’s hospital, used as case of study, through the Life Cycle Assessment methodology, to improve the hospital cleaning service.

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Rudžionytė, Veronika. "ES žaliųjų pirkimų politikos įgyvendinimas Lietuvoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080626_085448-94373.

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Žalieji pirkimai – tai tokie pirkimai, kurie integruoja aplinkosauginius reikalavimus į viešojo pirkimo sąlygas, siekdami sumažinti neigiamą poveikį aplinkai. Žalieji pirkimai yra nauja sfera viešojo administravimo studijose. Nors koncepcija teoriškai yra pagrįsta ir analizuota, tačiau praktiniai jos įgyvendinimo aspektai literatūroje nėra plačiai analizuoti, kadangi Lietuvoje žaliųjų pirkimų tiesioginis reglamentavimas pradėtas 2007 m. antroje pusėje. Darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti žaliųjų pirkimų politikos įgyvendinimą teisinio reglamentavimo, instituciniu, finansiniu aspektu, išskiriant įgyvendinimą įtvirtinančius instrumentus. Darbas sudarytas iš penkių dalių, kurios pagal analizės objektą suskirstytos į smulkesnius skyrelius. Pirmajame skyriuje aptariamas viešosios politikos ciklas, kurio vienas iš etapų yra įgyvendinimas, aprašomi galimi įgyvendinimo mechanizmai ir instrumentai, kuriais remiasi žaliųjų pirkimų politikos įgyvendinimas. Antrajame skyriuje analizuojama ES reguliacinė politika, kurią pasitelkiama įgyvendinant žaliuosius pirkimus, bei Komisijos vaidmuo įgyvendinimo etape; teisinė bazė – ES direktyvos, jų perkėlimas į LR įstatymus, svarbiausios ES ir Lietuvos strategijos, programos, skirtos žaliųjų pirkimų įgyvendinimui. Trečiajame skyriuje nagrinėjamos Lietuvos institucijos, dalyvaujančios įgyvendinimo procese ir nevyriausybinių organizacijų veikla. Kadangi žaliųjų pirkimų įgyvendinimas yra lėšų reikalaujanti sritis, apžvelgiami įgyvendinimo finansiniai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Green procurement is a way of public procurement, which integrates environmental considerations in public procurement process, seeking to reduce negative influence on environment. The relevancy of this paper is determined by novelty of green procurement policy in public administration studies. Even the concept is theoretically grounded but practical aspects of implementation are not strongly analysed, because reglamentation in Lithuania was started in second part of 2007. The subject of this paper focuses on analysis of green procurement policy reglamentation, institutional, financial aspects, and exclusion instruments of implementation. The paper is composed of the five main parts which are divided into smaller sections depending on the analyzing subject. The system of public policy cycle, which includes implementation stage and instruments of implementation, which are used in green procurement policy are analysed in the first part. EU regulation policy and Commission role in implementation of green procurements are analysed in the second part. This part of paper reveals policy reglamentation in EU directives and transfer of it to Lithuanian legislation. The most important are EU and Lithuanians strategies, programs, which implement green procurements. Lithuanian institutions and NGO are analysed in the third part of paper. This part focuses on financial instruments, because green procuremement is financal resources required policy... [to full text]

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Louzada, Guilherme Neves Piedade. "Por trás das compras sustentáveis do Governo Federal: uma análise dos atores envolvidos no processo de transformação das aquisições federais." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6294.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The great economic development in the post World War II period brought great pressure on the environment and natural resources forcing the theoretical currents of the economy to consider this issue in their analysis. In the development of the analysis of the relationship between economy and environment, the consumer gets a prominent role as a major contributor to the pressure on the environment. The advent of the Green Economy concept puts the state in the protagonist condition for the transition to a low carbon economy. In this research haul the first looks on sustainable procurement federal program, seen as one of the programs responsible for the transition to a green economy. Through the analysis of academic and professional trajectories of the actors who are behind the development of sustainable public procurement in Brazil, I point out that there is a vanguard of political actors in the Northeast in the development of legislation that encourages sustainable procurement and the existence of a strongly established elite in partnership between ICLEI, EAESP / FGV and British Embassy.
O grande desenvolvimento econômico no período pós segunda guerra trouxe consigo uma grande pressão sobre o meio ambiente e os recursos naturais forçando as correntes teóricas da economia a considerar este tema em suas análises. No desenvolvimento das análises da relação entre economia e meio ambiente, o consumo ganha papel de destaque como um dos principais responsáveis pela pressão exercida sobre o meio ambiente. O advento do conceito de Economia Verde coloca o Estado na condição de protagonista para a transição rumo a uma economia de baixo carbono. Nesta pesquisa lanço os primeiros olhares sobre o programa de compras públicas sustentáveis do governo federal, entendido como um dos programas responsáveis pela transição à uma economia verde. Através da análise das trajetórias acadêmicas e profissionais dos atores que estão por trás do desenvolvimento das compras públicas sustentáveis no Brasil, aponto que há uma vanguarda de atores políticos do Nordeste no desenvolvimento da legislação que estimula as compras sustentáveis e a existência de uma elite fortemente estabelecida na parceria entre ICLEI, EAESP/FGV e Embaixada Britânica.

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Doubková, Monika. "Účinnost dobrovolných nástrojů ochrany životního prostředí na příkladu environmentálního označování výrobků." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71922.

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The aim of the Thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of voluntary instruments of environmental protection as an example of eco-labelling and to verify the hypothesis whether eco-labelling is an appropriate instrument to influence consumption and production of environmentally friendly products and services. Based on the characteristics of voluntary instruments of environmental protection this work defines the types of environmental labelling and evaluates under what conditions can be eco-labelling systems, both economically and environmentally, efficient. Focusing primarily on Type I environmental labelling on the basis of summaries of works already carried out, my Thesis studies and evaluates the importance and impact of this tool for consumers, businesses and the environment. The next part of the work is focused on the issue of environmentally preferable purchasing and green public procurement, mainly at the level of the Czech Republic. The practical part verifies the hypothesis about the effectiveness of eco-labelling for example, the National Programme for Labelling Environmentally friendly products and services of the Czech Republic and European Union eco-labelling system. The method of sample survey was conducted and analyzed to what extent these systems are successful at eco-labelling. The survey was conducted among consumers and users of eco-labelling - in the companies involved in the aforementioned eco-labelling systems. The survey was supplemented by the views of experts from the field and has been evaluated by their expert view on these voluntary instruments.

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Sasnauskaitė, Inesa. "Žalieji pirkimai. Aplinkosaugos kriterijų įtraukimas į viešuosius pirkimus." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20080122_101945-40656.

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Žalieji pirkimai yra požiūris, kuris stengiasi integruoti aplinkosauginius reikalavimus į visas viešųjų pirkimų stadijas, tikslu sumažinti poveikį gamtai ir žmonių sveikatai. Žalieji pirkimai dar vadinami subalansuotais pirkimai, ekologiniais pirkimais, teisingaisiais pirkimais. Jie paremti tokiomis prielaidomis kaip vartotojų sąmoningumas, tik reikalingas pirkimas, viso gyvavimo ciklo perspektyva. Žalieji pirkimai nėra nauja koncepcija – tai jau įgyvendinama daugelyje pirmaujančių aplinkosaugos srityje Europos Sąjungos šalių ir konstatuojama gaunama nauda. Daugelis viešojo sektoriaus perkančiųjų organizacijų, vykdančių žaliuosius pirkimus ir skatinančių aplinkosaugines inovacijas, patiria realių pokyčių rinkoje. Pasirinktos efektyvios įgyvendinimo strategijos padeda pasiekti viešųjų pirkimų efektyvumo padidinimą, pagerina vietinės bendruomenės gyvenimo kokybę, padidina aplinkosauginį sąmoningumą, pagerina esamos valdžios politinį įvaizdį, padeda pasiekti aukštesnį darnaus vystymosi lygį tomis pačiomis kainomis.
Green purchasing is an approach which integrates environmental consid¬erations into all stages of the purchasing process with the goal of reducing impacts on the environment. It involves a number of considerations, including buying only what is needed, taking a life-cycle perspective of the costs and impacts of products and services. Green purchasing is not a new concept, and has been implemented by pioneer public authorities across Europe for many years. A great number of public authorities have positive experiences in this area. The implementation of green procurement by public author¬ities is effective in achieving real changes on the marketplace — support¬ing greener alternatives and promoting innovation. Effective strategies help to improve the efficiency of procurement, raise the quality of life in the local community and improve the political image of the administration. Green procurement, should not involve addi¬tional costs for a public authority — indeed money may often be saved. Although some greener products have a higher purchase price, if the whole life-cycle costs are considered, including use and disposal costs, even savings may often be achieved. There are a number of other factors which can help to keep costs down, includ¬ing a careful consideration of whether a product is really needed at all, and changes to the way procurement is organized and carried out (in some cases, greater centralization of procurement, the use of e-procurement and joint-purchasing... [to full text]

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ETZI, ANDREINA. "Granite By-Products for inverted pavement technique." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266695.

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As mentioned by Sardinia Region: ''Sustainable Development is what satisfies present's needs without shattering those of future generations, thanks to smart use of environmental resources and without waists''. This research aims to use a current resource available in high quantities in Sardinia to optimize the uses of the extracted materials and not to take just advantage of the Region. The mining activity in Sardinia, which is very important since ‘60s, during these years, has produced huge amounts of granite by-products. The ornamental use of granite is an important money source for Sardinia. Unfortunately, as the virgin material extracted must have high aesthetic qualities, many rock blocks are rejected. This research has the aim of making the most of the material stored in a quarry sites and of optimizing the uses of resource stone examined. The target is the use of granite by-products as material with high mechanical featured to be used for road pavements, from the foundation to surface. This research gives you the opportunity to make the most of regional resources, to minimize the thickness of asphalt, reducing the maintenance and realization costs. This is a good start for the Island to make money of something easy to export. Granite by-products will be used for the construction of innovative road pavement design. The Inverted Pavement Technique, studied and developed in South Africa since 1950, is going to be used for road infrastructure. In particular, I have focused the attention on the behavior of granular base layer. Thanks to this technique is actually possible to take advantage of mechanical features of base layer, creating base layers that assure high and long lasting performances with almost zero environmental costs. The Project is finalized to a sustainable design by using resources, considered as waste so far, present in the Sardinian Land and the minimal use of exhaustible and expensive row materials as asphalt layers. The increasing costs of petrol products and their limited availability leaded to find alternative solutions to flexible infrastructure everywhere in the world. Another target was to make sure that European and South African Regulation matched regarding granular aggregates. Through laboratory testing physical, chemical, and mechanical features of granite by-products were analyzed comparing to Dolerite, used in South Africa in the Inverted Pavement Technique.

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Ілляшенко, Наталія Сергіївна, Наталия Сергеевна Ильяшенко, Nataliia Serhiivna Illiashenko, Юлія Миколаївна Мельник, Юлия Николаевна Мельник, and Yuliia Mykolaivna Melnyk. ""Зелені державні закупівлі" як метод боротьби з грінвошингом." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65193.

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Важливим аспектом в сфері регіонального управління є планування довгострокового сталого розвитку, який дозволить отримувати результати і задовольняти потреби майбутніх поколінь. Саме тому управлінці в публічному секторі повинні при плануванні та реалізації своєї діяльності враховувати наслідки своїх дій для майбутніх поколінь, тобто керуватись концепцією сталого розвитку.

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Schlegel, T., D. Puiatti, H. J. Ritter, D. Lesueur, C. Denayer, and A. Shtiza. "The limits of partial life cycle assessment studies in road construction practices: A case study on the use of hydrated lime in Hot Mix Asphalt." Elsevier, 2016. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72182.

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Extensive published literature shows that hydrated lime improves Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) durability. Its impact on the environmental impact of HMA has not been investigated. This paper presents a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the use of HMA without hydrated lime (classical HMA) and with hydrated lime (modified HMA) for the lifetime of a highway. System boundaries cover the life cycle from cradle-to-grave, meaning extraction of raw materials to end of life of the road. The main assumptions were: 1. Lifetime of the road 50 years; 2. Classical HMA with a life span of 10 years, maintenance operations every 10 years; 3. Modified HMA with an increase in the life span by 25%, maintenance operations every 12.5 years. For the lifetime of the road, modified HMA has the lowest environmental footprint compared to classical HMA with the following benefits: 43% less primary total energy consumption resulting in 23% lower emissions of greenhouse gases. Partial LCAs focusing only on the construction and/or maintenance phase should be used with caution since they could lead to wrong decisions if the durability and the maintenance scenarios differ. Sustainable construction technologies should not only consider environmental impact as quantified by LCA, but also economic and social impacts as well. Avoiding maintenance steps means less road works, fewer traffic jams and hence less CO2 emissions.

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Danilina, Vera. "Essays on environmental regulation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0452.

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Cette thèse développe l’analyse d’une politique économique environnementale appliquée dans le cadre d’une économie ouverte et dans celui d’une économie fermée. Elle étudie les effets sur le bien-être et l’environnement des réglementations volontaire et obligatoire tenant compte de l’hétérogénéité des agents économiques et des pays. Elle s’intéresse en particulier aux différents types d’éco-étiquetages en autarcie (Chapitre 1) et après ouverture au commerce international (Chapitre 2); aux programmes d’apport d’information à plusieurs niveaux (Chapitre 3); et aux taxes sur les émissions et marchés publics écologiques (Chapitre 4). L’analyse montre que non seulement le gouvernement mais également les éco-consommateurs peuvent inciter même les producteurs éco-indifférents à se décider pour l’agir respectueux de l’environnement. Les instruments de politique environnementale induisent auto-sélection et polarisation dans les marchés desservis par des entreprises hétérogènes en termes de productivité. Je démontre que des instruments volontaires peuvent avoir des résultats positifs sur le bien-être et l’environnement. En fonction d’hypothèses précises, ils peuvent également être plus efficaces que des approches obligatoires. Le modèle montre également que quand il y a ouverture au commerce international, la politique écologique a un effet supplémentaire sur le bien-être et sur l’environnement, dépendamment du type de politique et des consciences environnementales des différents pays commerciaux
This thesis develops an applied environmental economic policy analysis in closed and open economy frameworks. It investigates welfare and environmental outcomes of voluntary and mandatory regulation allowing for heterogeneity across economic agents and countries. Particularly, it focuses on voluntary eco-labels of different types in autarky (Chapter 1) and upon opening to international trade (Chapter 2); multi-tier information provision programmes (Chapter 3); and emission taxes and green public procurement (Chapter 4). The analysis shows that not only the government but also eco-concerned consumers can incentivise even eco-indifferent producers to act more environmentally-friendly. Environmental policy instruments induce self-selection and polarisation in the markets served by firms heterogeneous in their productivity. I demonstrate that voluntary instruments can lead to positive welfare and environmental outcomes. Under particular assumptions, they also can be more efficient than mandatory approaches. The model also shows that upon opening to international trade eco-policy yields additional welfare and environmental effects conditionally on the type of the policy and the environmental awareness difference across trading countries

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Duvarci, Dilek. ""Vi blir starkare tillsammans" - Vilka hinder och möjligheter möter upphandlarna när de ska upphandla hållbart?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23362.

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Hur ser upphandlare på sitt nya uppdrag att använda sig av hållbarhetskrav i offentliga upphandlingar? Frågan är väldigt komplex trots att lagverket tillåter miljökrav, sociala och etiska krav i upphandlingar. Hela upphandlingsprocessen påverkas också av många aktörers sätt att se på hållbarhetsfrågan och ta ansvar. Förstudier visar att alla organisationer möter olika hinder när de strukturerar om i organisationers uppdrag. I detta arbete är det fokus på Malmö och Upphandlingsenheten där kommunala upphandlare jobbar. Empirisk data är insamlat med en kvalitativ metod genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem anställda. Det visade sig att där finns flera hinder som de måste ta itu med. Först av allt behöver de sammanföra medarbetarnas individuella mål med organisationens mål. Analysen innehåller också goda exempel på när gruppen har kunnat avlägsna hinder. De anställda har också idéer på hur vissa hinder för hållbara upphandlingar skulle kunna avlägsnas. En av möjligheterna som omnämndes var att flera kommuner kan ställa gemensamma krav för att mer kunna påverka leverantörers hållbarhetsutveckling.
What does purchasers think about their new mission to use sustainable demands in public procurements? Even though the law allows environmental and social demands in procurement, the process is very complex. It depends on the co-operation between several different actors within and between organizations. It also depends upon a changed view on the relationship between public procurement and sustainable development. The purchasers must feel responsible for sustainability issues within their expertise. Earlier studies show that all organizations meet different hinders when they change their mission. Focus in this study is on Malmoe and Upphandlingsenheten where the municipality-purchasers work. The empirical data was collected with qualitative methods by semi-structured interviews with five employees. Results show that there are several challenges to implement “green procurement”. First of all the individual goals that the co-workers have must match with the organizational goals. This study shows good examples of how the purchasers have met some of those challenges. The employees also have ideas of how other challenges may be possible to overcome. One possibility could be to co-operate with other municipalities around sustainability to create mutual demands. This could create a greater pressure on suppliers.

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David, Anca Hélène. "L'évolution du droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne : un outil de mise en place de l'économie verte et circulaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB177.

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L'évolution du droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne a conduit au développement d'un objectif nouveau qui vise à promouvoir l'éco-innovation et les modèles d'entreprise verts, afin de mettre en place une économie verte et circulaire. Ce nouvel objectif a eu des conséquences sur sa forme et son contenu. En effet, la forme du droit de l'Union européenne en matière d'environnement est dominée par des directives-cadres et présente une flexibilité accrue, tandis que son contenu intègre de nouveaux modèles d'entreprise, notamment le modèle d'entreprise circulaire. La transition vers une économie verte a également des conséquences sur la manière dont les États membres transposent le droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne. Le processus de transposition est devenu un vecteur de commercialisation de l'éco-innovation sur le marché européen, associant des acteurs nouveaux à la prise de décision, à savoir : les éco-entreprises, les laboratoires de recherche et d'innovation, les pôles de compétitivité, les entreprises du numérique ou les investisseurs providentiels
The evolution of the European Union environmental law has led to the development of a new goal that aims to promote eco-innovation and green business models, in order to create a green and circular economy. This new goal had consequences on its form and content. The form of the European Union environmental law is dominated by framework directives and presents increased flexibility, while its content integrates new business models, particularly the circular business model. Furthermore, the transition to a green economy has an impact on how Member States transpose the European Union environmental law. The transposition process has become a vector of commercializing eco-innovation on the European market, and brings together new stakeholders in the decision-making process, namely: green companies, research and innovation laboratories, clusters, digital companies or business angels

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Montanari, Elena. "Sviluppo di un percorso di eco-innovazione nel settore legno-arredo." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/90/.

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ORGIANO, BARBARA. "La simulazione in architettura per il controllo dei consumi energetici e del territorio negli appalti pubblici (verdi)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266772.

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It is known that, despite the actual economic crisis, the public procurement sector continues to maintain consistent dimensions and to move huge economic resources involving various sectors of market. This is true for works, supplies and services. For the environment, the consequences of our actions have today to be monitored and checked in a very efficient way, because of we have the moral obligation to save the planet life. Considering the importance of public procurement, we must include in our economical proceedings also green rules. The aim of this study is to define how the simulation can be used in the architectural field and help every phase of the building process. Trough the simulation, we can have every kind of information about our buildings and all that are important to make we able to appreciate what will be the best efficient actions for that buildings, based on real priority and on more concrete specific plans. We are speaking about simulation model as Bayesian networks, that can be used for each kind of public building, to manage the energy efficiency and ordinary life in general. With a similar tool in its hands, Public Administration will be again the main actor in the decisional show about future plans, and it will become the director of the activities, having already studying the situation and it will be able to give more specific public notice for future plans. Furthermore, one of the most important advantages we can take from this job is that all the operator involved in the procurement cycle (contractors, engineers, architects and designer in general) will have to upgrade their studio’s structure and improve their own expertise, to become more competitive in making their tenders for a specific public announcement. In this way, also Public Administration will take very huge advantages. In fact, it will have both the possibility to experiment the simulation in public procurement for retraining its own existing real estate patrimony, developing an exemplary role for the community (as required by the Directive 2012/27/UE, artt. 4 and 5), and, from the other side, it will be the first one who will take benefits from a significant economic saving, due to this more specific way of planning actions and to the important energy performance costs reduction of its own existing real estate patrimony still in activity.

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Sartzetaki, Petroula-Anastasia. "Le droit hellénique de passation des marchés publics à l'épreuve du droit de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1019.

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L'importance considérable des marchés publics, parmi les activités économiques de l'administration de l'État moderne, a poussé l'Union européenne, pour plusieurs raisons socio-économiques, à établir une réglementation unifiant les règles nationales afférentes afin d'assurer dans l'espace de l'Union une concurrence libre et saine entre les opérateurs économiques intéressés. Pour ce faire, outre les préceptes impérativement édictés par son droit primaire, l'Union a imposé aussi son droit dérivé sur la matière par des directives bien détaillées. Une définition extensive de la notion de marchés publics, encouragée constamment par la jurisprudence de la Cour, une catégorisation des modalités du régime de « passation des marchés publics » et une réglementation européenne procédurale pour la protection des intéressés ont été élaboré. La question s'élève donc sur l'impact de ce droit ainsi établit en la matière par l'Union européenne sur des considérations de base du droit public hellénique. Dans ce cadre d'harmonisation des droits nationaux sur la matière, se trouve l'opération d'insertion du droit de l'Union européenne dans l'ordre juridique hellénique ; insertion effectuée par les autorités normatives nationales, législateur et administration ; tandis que sur le domaine procédural un contrôle juridictionnel s'exerce sur cette réception dans l'ordre juridique national tant par le juge européen que par le juge national. De cette manière on peut esquisser la marge de liberté contractuelle des autorités publiques helléniques à l'aune des exigences du droit de l'Union européenne
The significance of public contracts amongst the economic activities of the modern state's administration, has led the European Union- for several socio-economic rationales- to establish a uniform regulatory framework so as to ensure fair and unbridled competition between the economic operators of the different Member States. To this end, in addition to the provisions of primary law, the EU has further enacted secondary legislation in the form of exhaustively detailed directives. In order to achieve the effective application of EU law in several public contracts a broad interpretation of the public contracts concept was developed, persistently encouraged by the Court's case law, and a categorisation of the public procurement types was adopted. Furthermore, European procedural rules were introduced with the aim of safeguarding rights that individuals derive from that law. The question thus is what is the impact of this comprehensive regulatory framework on the Greek public law considerations on the subject. It is in the context of national laws' harmonisation on the matter, that EU law is inserted in the Greek legislation ; this insertion is carried out via national regulatory authorities, the legislator and the administration ; moreover, in the procedural field, both the European and the national judge exercise judicial control over the reception of the EU law in the national legal order. By way of the aforementioned structure the contractual discretion of the Hellenic public authorities in the course of fulfilling the requirements imposed by EU law can be thoroughly explored

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Zerri, Caterina. "Metodologie per la valutazione degli impatti ambientali secondo gli standard europei applicate ai cantieri stradali: il caso della città di Bologna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Un'altissima percentuale delle risorse non rinnovabili del nostro pianeta viene utilizzata nell’industria delle costruzioni. Per questo motivo essa viene considerata come la meno sostenibile tra le industrie al mondo, e sempre per questo rappresenta una destinazione prioritaria per la formulazione di modelli di valutazione di sostenibilità ambientale che vengono attualmente utilizzati ed implementati in diversi altri ambiti. In questa tesi vengono definite le metodologie per la valutazione degli impatti ambientali esistenti più largamente utilizzate e le conseguenti misure di controllo ed incentivo all’utilizzo di tecnologie maggiormente sostenibili per l’ambiente che derivano dalle considerazioni da esse ottenute. In un contesto come quello attuale, in cui è necessaria una continua spinta in direzione dell’innovazione ecosostenibile, una leva fondamentale può essere rappresentata dalle Pubbliche Amministrazioni, cui dobbiamo il 19% del prodotto interno lordo mondiale. Esse infatti, se dotate di strumenti rivolti al verificare ed incentivare la sostenibilità ambientale, sono in grado di innescare un circolo virtuoso per permettere alle imprese coinvolte nell’industria delle costruzioni di adeguarsi alle nuove richieste, rendendole in questo modo più accessibili anche nel contesto privato. In particolare in questa tesi viene posta l’attenzione al caso della città di Bologna relativamente al settore dei cantieri stradali, settore in cui gli enti pubblici hanno una decisiva influenza e conseguentemente le loro scelte in materia hanno maggiore peso. Si esamina il Capitolato Speciale d’Appalto e la sua attenzione alle nuove tecnologie maggiormente eco sostenibili, indicando alcune possibili modifiche apportabili per adeguarlo alle precedenti considerazioni, in attesa ed in vista dell’uscita dei CAM (Criteri Ambientali Minimi) nazionali ed alla loro prossima notevole influenza nella stesura dei bandi di concorso da parte della pubblica amministrazione.

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Lin, Ting-Tzu, and 林庭孜. "The Study of EU Green Public Procurement." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69376869562887288499.

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碩士
淡江大學
歐洲研究所碩士班
103
Since the Industrial Revolution, many industrialized countries began to promote sustainable development. The EU spent almost 19% of the GDP on public procurement every year. With such large of money, the EU has to considerate about avoiding waste during public procurement. The EU began to promote Green Public rocurement. This essay works on the Green Public Procurement of the EU in order to explain its background and its influence on the member states. This essay also to describe the advantages and disadvantages of the Green Public Procurement in the EU and member states.

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CHI-CHIH, KUANG, and 鄺芝綺. "A Study on Relationships among Green Marketing Cognition, Green Product Preference, and Green Product Procurement Quantity in Public Sector." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84977193531363386674.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
公共行政暨政策學系碩士在職專班
96
Along with the change of climate, global warming has urged participation and actions from all governments worldwide. Although the procurement of green products has entered into our life, due to various issues in pricing, varieties, efficacy and distribution channels, the competitiveness of green products seems inferior. The impact of green procurement legislation on marketing behaviors has more and more become an area of interest in discussion in the academia. However, most of the studies on green products up to the moment are investigations and analyses focused on just a few specific items rather than studies from a comprehensive perspective, in particular, the investigation of consumer behaviors of green consumer goods. Current studies on green marketing and green consumption are mainly targeted at the industry or individual consumers while in-depth investigation into the influence of green marketing cognition and preference on procurement quantity is wanting. As for studies on the use of green products in the public sector and procurement behaviors thereof are also inadequate. In view of this, with relevant civil service workers as subjects this study investigates the procurement of Ministry of Economic Affairs, Environment Protection Administration and Ministry of Transportation and Communications aiming at a further inquiry into current green marketing cognition as well as a supplement to existing scientific literatures. Relationships between personal attributes and green marketing cognition, between personal attributes and green product preferences, between green marketing cognition and green product preferences, between green product preferences and procurement quantity of green products have been investigated in this study. A questionnaire sampling survey is conducted on civil service workers in central organizations and first-tier departments thereof to reveal the green marketing cognition of civil service workers with different attributes and to reveal the effects of green marketing cognition of various levels upon procurement quantity of green products. This study verifies assumptions of causal relationships among green marketing cognition, green product preferences and procurement quantity of green products. Using SPSS for Windows, Ver. 12 as a statistic tool, with research methods of Descriptive Statistic Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis, One-way ANOVA and Independent Sample T-test, relationships among variables are tested and discussed; assumptions are tested based on research model and review of past literatures; and factors affecting green marketing cognition, purchasing attitudes toward green products, and behaviors of purchasing green products are induced. Main factors include procurement legislation, government implementation capability, product practicability, certification system, product pricing, media coverage, the habit of using energy saving products, social responsibility, acceptance level of recycled items, willingness to get new product information, product design, work research, waste recovery and utilization, and energy saved from Eco products. The study reveals that significant variations exist in green marketing cognition and green product preferences due to different personal attributes; in green marketing cognition due to different green product preferences; and in procurement quantity of green products due to different green product preferences.

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Chen, Chi-Tien, and 陳其典. "Employees' self-efficacy, Green stationery procurement performance and Usage satisfaction in the public sector." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73541995724169112828.

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碩士
國立澎湖科技大學
服務業經營管理研究所碩士在職專班
98
This research intends to investigate the current rise in environmental awareness, and the Green movement that is trending in the world today. The public sector is promoting the conservation of energy, and trying to discover what would be the key factor in succeeding. Therefore, this research aims to discuss the public sector’s handling of the situation of actual business’s green stationery tools, and discuss how the public sector will increase Green stationery procurement performance. It will look into how it can cooperate with and promote the Green movement, Employees' self-efficacy, Green stationery procurement performance and Usage satisfaction in the public sector, and whether or not its effect is visible. This research concerns self-efficacy, Green stationery procurement performance and the degree of user satisfaction, and how it becomes the infrastructure, and the target of the public sector staff. This study incorporated random sampling from written surveys. Out of the 440 surveys issued, 368 were collected and provided useful data. All of the usable data included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and reliability analysis. The results of the outcome are: 1. The variables of self-efficacy have visible effects on the users’ degree of satisfaction. 2. The variables of self-efficacy have visible effects on Green stationery procurement performance. 3. The variables of Green stationery procurement performance have visible effects on users’ degree of satisfaction. 4. The Green stationery procurement performance produces visible effects and results in between the intervening variables in self-efficacy and degree of user satisfaction. This research takes a deeper look into the process of energy conservation promotion, and implementing the sales and product management of stationery tools. Most likely this research will encounter difficulties and obstacles, and will also bring out some positive resolutions and suggestions to overcome them.

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Wu, Ching-Yi, and 吳淨怡. "Public Elementary School’s Implementation of Green Procurement Policy– Taken New Taipei City as an Example." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51161654734426001391.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
公共行政暨政策學系碩士在職專班
100
“Government Green Procurement”" conception was through the Government's huge purchasing power to give priority to buy green products that have less impact on the environment. Driven by the Government to take the lead in green consumption patterns, in addition to encourage manufacturers to produce recyclable, low pollution, saving resources green products but also indirectly educate consumers. Through establishing a green procurement system and actually promotion, the government hopes to create positive benefits to the environment. Elementary school education is the stage for student to learn the basic knowledge and life skills. In order to effectively establish a green consumer knowledge and behavior, only through environmental education, the future masters of the country can learn from childhood the environment-friendly consumption patterns so as to fundamentally solve environmental problems and achieve the objectives of sustainable development. Through allowing the elementary school merged into a green procurement policy concept, we can development a unique nature of environmental education activities in order to achieve the aims of education. Therefore, it is more particular for the elementary school to promote green purchasing than any other public offices. Due to the national’s green procurement policy adopts top-down policy for implementation, and the fact New Taipei City has greater area and vast schools located in different regions, we wonder whether geographical factors will affect school’s effectiveness in the promotion of green procurement. In this thesis, we take New Taipei City public elementary schools as an example to explore the impact of green procurement policy implementation from implementation of related policy theory. We adopt literature analysis, in-depth interviews and conducted questionnaire survey for analysis. We combined both theory and practice to confirm the analysis and the thesis’s findings are as follows: I.The meaning of the green procurement policy from a policy implementation point of view: (2) executive organizations lack of policy reflection pipeline and has no way for feeding back difficulties in policy implementation (2) In order to achieve the proportion of green procurement caused excessive procurement or not implementing of the reporting operation’s policy target deviation (3) Schools of remote areas in New Taipei City obviously have difficulties in the implementation of green procurement. II.The implementation elements of green procurement policy: (1) The green procurement policy itself: green procurement is to achieve green consumption targets indicative meaning etc. 2 items (2) The resources of a green procurement policy: the concept of green procurement is not yet fully implement therefore cannot create a green consumer market etc. 5 items (3) Green procurement promotion process: green procurement system data are not sufficient and failed to integrate. III.Public elementary school’s green procurement execution characteristics: (1) school status: green procurement policy and how schools implement environmental education concept has connection etc. 2 items. (2) Generally principals of New Taipei City public elementary schools support and agree with green procurement’s promotion. (3) Elementary school environmental product procurement is mostly of small purchases and the items are simpler. IV.The factors of impacting green procurement execution: (1) In order to promote the green procurement, the school procurement staff’s workload is heavy and punishment provisions impact cooperation desires. (2) The school procurement staff lacks of green procurement professionalism (3) The current green procurement system does not provide convenient purchasing process From the above study findings, the thesis re-positioned public elementary school’s implementation of green procurement conditions and scopes from appropriateness of green procurement policy planning, policy implementation and authority’s execution, and proposed the implementation of green procurement’s human and resources re-allocation considerations and set the processes and supporting recommendation for New Taipei City Public Elementary School’s implementation of green procurement.

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Trindade, Paula Cristina Cayolla Morais. "Rethinking Public Procurement in the context of Socio-technical Transitions." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/47530.

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Addressing sustainable development requires a “transition” or “system innovation” away from the current socio-technical system. In Europe, the focus of sustainability policies moved from the supply to the demand side, in which public procurement plays a prominent role. This interest is spreading through authorities at different government levels, resulting in a market factor with enormous potential to shape production and consumption trends. This thesis explores how public organizations can re-think the procurement process, raising their ambitions and broadening their vision, changing their organizational approach towards culture, strategies, structures, and practices, contributing to the emergence of socio-technical transitions or sustainability transitions. The research contributed to the literature by developing an analytical framework linking the fields of public procurement and transitions, constituted by two complementary instruments: the STP Model, which prescribes practices that influence the transformation of socio-technical systems, integrating different approaches to public procurement, (green, sustainable and innovation procurement), in a three-level structure (niche, regime, and landscape); and, the STP Process, which introduces a dynamic perspective of the process of using public procurement as a governance mechanism in the context of socio-technical transitions. The STP Model was further operationalized into a practical tool - the SPP toolbox-- to support public organizations in the process of re-thinking the procurement process. The SPP Toolbox incorporates different approaches at different levels, including procurement practices (GPP, SPP, PPI), as well as the organizational and inter-organizational dimensions, into one tool. This allows for flexibility in the objectives to be achieved, which can be developed in increasing degrees of complexity, according to the characteristics, experience, and knowledge of the organization. Finally, the SPP Toolbox was tested in case studies and in different contexts, showing that public organizations of different types – regarding dimension, organizational structure, purchasing power and level of experience – were able to improve the performance, ambition, and vision of their procurement practices by implementing the tool, providing evidence for part of the STP Model and the STP Process.

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Chen, Wei-Ting, and 陳威廷. "The Study on The Factors of Simplified and Integrated Green Procurement Procedures at Taipei Municipal Public High School." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65200941049318165366.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
公共行政暨政策學系碩士在職專班
105
ABSTRACT The Study on The Factors of Simplified and Integrated Green Procurement Procedures at Taipei Municipal Public High School by Chen, Wei-Ting January 2017 ADVISOR(S): Dr. LUE, YUE-CHANG DEPARTMENT: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY MAJOR：PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DEGREE: MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION According to the systems built by Government Procurement Act and the regulations related to green procurement, public high school brought green procurement into force; however, in fact, the faculties of schools were unfamiliar with the first-class, the second-class, and the third-class green products defined by the regulations. Also, the standards of green procurement made by Taipei City Government are higher than those made by central Government, which brought about that the procurement staffs are not easy to distinguish fake green procurement. Moreover, the system of green procurement doesn’t provide an integrated procurement platform which lead to that the school faculties fail to execute the green procurement completely. The purpose of this study was to propose the new procedure based on Process Re-Engineering Theory to adapt the changes of the school environment and green procurement system, and furthermore to implement the green procurement system at school. This study went through the contents and the characteristics of Process Re-Engineering Theory through Documentary analysis. To fulfill the actual needs from the school, the study took past research results as reference and abandoned part of the characteristics of the theory；integrated with the empirical research findings in the public sector about green procurement and Process Re-Engineering Theory and re-examined the problems of green procurement at school theoretically. After in-depth interview, the researcher revised the procedures in a simplified and integrated way. Thus, the researcher proposed the simplified and integrated chart of public high school procurement procedure according to this study. The research findings are as follows: First, for the street-level bureaucrats, there where key effects on implement green procurement when the Green Living Information platform and Inter-Entity Supply contracts websites are intergraded to one website. Second, when the schools lack of convenient procurement ways and sufficient product information, they can construct green product databases which are suitable for their own uses. Thus, the problems caused by personnel movement can be decreased, especially for the public high schools which adapt rotation system for administrative duties. Third, it is helpful to implement green procurement and small procurement at school that school faculties simplify and integrate green procurement and small procurement which are under one hundred thousand New Taiwan dollars. Fourth, for the schools which have huge amount of project grants and result in the problem of manpower shortage, to build a new in-school communicating mechanism may be helpful. Fifth, if school faculties want to put Process Re-Engineering Theory into practice, it may be helpful to implement that the school faculties revise or get rid of part of the theory.

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ANTONELLI, GIOVANNI. "Appalti verdi e codice dei contratti pubblici: i criteri ambientali minimi (cam) nell’attuazione delle direttive dell’Unione Europea sui contratti pubblici di quarta generazione e profili di diritto comparato." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1231289.

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Il tema della tutela dell’ambiente rappresenta una delle aree tematiche più indicative delle dinamiche evolutive che hanno interessato negli ultimi anni l’impianto originario del diritto amministrativo in generale, così come, nello specifico, del codice dei contratti pubblici. Attraverso il prisma della nozione di ambiente come recepita nel tempo sul piano positivo e giurisprudenziale, sembra possibile per l’interprete acquisire quella base conoscitiva necessaria per cogliere l’evoluzione del diritto amministrativo, nonchè le coordinate ermeneutiche utili all’individuazione dell’attuale equilibrio del sistema ordinamentale. L’esame dei profili ambientali all’interno del microsistema degli appalti pubblici (c.d. appalti verdi o green public procurement) sottende la convergenza di più piani ed esprime tutta la tensione esistente tra favor naturae e favor libertatis, tra impostazione “massimalista” ed impostazione “migliorista” della protezione dell’ambiente, tra tutela dell’ambiente e promozione della concorrenza. Gli scopi dell’indagine sono quelli di registrare da un lato il dato storico e giuridico dell’evoluzione della c.d. governance contrattuale pubblica (c.d. government by contract) resasi necessaria quale particolare forma di regolazione a seguito del processo di privatizzazione (c.d. outsourcing) e realizzatasi nel contesto dell’ordinamento dell’Unione europea, così come nell’ambito di altri contesti ordinamentali , attraverso la progressiva integrazione delle c.d. politiche orizzontali (ambientali e sociali) nell’ambito degli appalti pubblici anche grazie al concetto di economia circolare dei modelli economici e dei modelli istituzionali e al tema dei cc.dd. beni comuni; dall’altro, di evitare la “tirannia” del diritto dell’ambiente nei confronti delle altre situazioni giuridiche costituzionalmente riconosciute che costituiscono complessivamente espressione della dignità della persona, risultato che di regola esiterebbe dalla aprioristica affermazione della primarietà assoluta del bene ambiente rispetto agli altri beni-interessi anch’essi costituzionalmente rilevanti. In tale contesto si posiziona il particolare dialogo tra valori ambientali e procedure ad evidenza pubblica , rappresentato dal tema dei criteri ambientali minimi (cam) oggetto della presente indagine, dove i principi sottesi alla protezione dell’ambiente e quelli che presiedono le procedure di gara (favor partecipationis, trasparenza, non discriminazione) possono trovare una non facile composizione, soprattutto in ragione della considerazione del rischio associato all’adozione di fattori regolativi del mercato che, fondati sulla promozione di sistemi di produzione a basso impatto ambientale, rischino di alterarne la tradizionale impostazione pro-concorrenziale e non discriminatoria.

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Ferreira, Lúcia de Melo. "Contratação pública sustentável: o caso da indústria da construção." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/64601.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Industrial e da Empresa
São cada vez mais comuns os debates dos impactos ambientais causados pelos padrões de consumo existentes, levando a que o Estado se apercebesse da sua expressividade enquanto consumidor. Desta forma, esta dissertação procura analisar em que medida a contratação pública pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Para isso, escolheu-se analisar um dos setores mais impactantes em termos ambientais, o setor da construção, analisando uma amostra de 247 contratos públicos realizados em Portugal, disponibilizada pela plataforma base, relativos a empreitadas de obras públicas no ano 2015 a 2017. Os resultados apontam para um número muito reduzido de contratos cujo critério de adjudicação faria alguma referência concreta à preocupação com a sustentabilidade, dependendo estes ainda de alguma interpretação favorável. Apesar disso, foi observada uma tendência crescente na redução do número de contratos adjudicados, tendo por base o critério do preço mais baixo.
Nowadays, impacts caused by consumption patterns are being an important theme to debate, and becoming increasingly common, leading the government to be aware of its expressiveness as a consumer. Thus, this dissertation analyzes how green public procurement can contribute to sustainable development. To do so, this research focused on the sector that has a huge impact on the environment, the construction sector, analyzing a sample of 247 public contracts made in Portugal, from year 2015 to 2017, whose sample was available by the online platform called BASE. The results point to a very small number of contracts whose award criteria would make some concrete reference to the matter of sustainability, which still depends on some favorable interpretation. Nevertheless, it was possible to conclude that there was a reducing trend on the number of contracts awarded using the lowest price criterion.

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Grobler, Elizabeth. "A criminological perspective on corruption in the public sector." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/830.

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Corruption from a criminological perspective forms the basis of this dissertation. The crime component of corruption the 'what', 'why' and 'how' is the dominant theme throughout the study and includes corruption in the South African public sector, highlighting police corruption in the Western Cape. Although this study is exploratory, certain qualitative interviewing techniques, including an interview guide, were used to maximise the information obtained from knowledgeable interviewees. Corruption was further elucidated by the employment of criminological theories to explain pertinent findings in the research, by highlighting risk factors that lead to corruption, by giving examples of corruption and by discussing anti-corruption agencies and the effectiveness of existing legislation. Corruption in the public sector has always been around and will be ad infinitum. The severity of the consequences of this phenomenon can be curtailed by the will of politicians, the involvement of civil society and an operational criminal justice system.
Criminology
MA (Criminology)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Green Public Procurement'

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