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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Green Wave

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Academic literature on the topic 'Green Wave'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Green Wave"

1

Schwartz, Mark D. "Green-wave phenology." Nature 394, no. 6696 (August 1998): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/29670.

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Afshari, Ali, and H. Graham Underwood. "The Green Wave." Journal of Democracy 20, no. 4 (2009): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jod.0.0124.

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Liang, Hui, and Xiaobo Chen. "Viscous effects on the fundamental solution to ship waves." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 879 (October 1, 2019): 744–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.698.

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The fundamental solution to steady ship waves accounting for viscous effects (the viscous-ship-wave Green function) is investigated within the framework of the weakly damped free-surface flow theory. An explicit expression of the viscous-ship-wave Green function is firstly derived, and an accurate and efficient technique is described to evaluate the Green function via decomposing the free-surface term into the local-flow component and wave component. To delve into the physical features of the viscous-ship-wave Green function, the asymptotic approximations in the far field due to Kelvin, Havelock and Peters are presented for the flow-field point located inside, at and outside the Kelvin wedge. In addition, uniform approximations to the wave component based on the Chester–Friedman–Ursell (CFU) approximation and the Kelvin–Havelock–Peters (KHP) approximation are carried out. Both numerical evaluation and asymptotic approximations show that the singular behaviour is eliminated and the divergent waves associated with large wavenumbers leading to rapid oscillations are severely damped when viscous effects are accounted for. In addition, viscous effects also alter the apparent wake angle associated with the wave pattern created by a high-speed translating source, and the apparent wake angle is dependent on both $\mathscr{U}^{-1}$ and $\mathscr{U}^{-2}$, where $\mathscr{U}$ is the translating speed of the source.

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Zhao-Meng, Chen, Liu Xiao-ming, and Wu Wen-Xiang. "Optimization Method of Intersection Signal Coordinated Control Based on Vehicle Actuated Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/749748.

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Traditional timing green wave control with predetermined cycle, split, and offset cannot adapt for dynamic real-time traffic flow. This paper proposes a coordinated control method for variable cycle time green wave bandwidth optimization integrated with traffic-actuated control. In the coordinated control, green split is optimized in real time by the measured presence of arriving and/or standing vehicles in each intersection and simultaneously green waves along arterials are guaranteed. Specifically, the dynamic bound of green wave is firstly determined, and then green early-start and green late-start algorithms are presented respectively to accommodate the fluctuations in vehicle arrival rates in each phase. Numerical examples show that the proposed method improves green time, expands green wave bandwidth, and reduces queuing.

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LOHMANN, KENNETH J., and CATHERINE M. FITTINGHOFF LOHMANN. "Orientation to Oceanic Waves by Green Turtle Hatchlings." Journal of Experimental Biology 171, no. 1 (October 1, 1992): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.171.1.1.

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Minutes after emerging from underground nests, hatchling green turtles (Chelonia mydas L.) enter the sea and begin a migration towards the open ocean. To test the hypothesis that migrating hatchlings use wave cues to maintain their seaward headings, we released turtles offshore during unusual weather conditions when waves moved in atypical directions. Hatchlings swam into approaching waves in all experiments, even when doing so resulted in orientation back towards land. These data suggest that green turtle hatchlings normally maintain seaward headings early in the offshore migration by using wave propagation direction as an orientation cue. Because waves and swells reliably move towards shore in shallow coastal areas, swimming into waves usually results in movement towards the open sea. The physiological mechanisms that underlie wave detection by sea turtle hatchlings are not known. Calculations indicate that, at the depth at which hatchlings swim, accelerations produced beneath typical waves and swells along the Florida coast are sufficient to be detected by the vertebrate inner ear. We therefore hypothesize that hatchlings determine wave direction while under water by monitoring the sequence of horizontal and vertical accelerations that occur as waves pass above.

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Wang, Zhi-Wei, Li-Yun Fu, Jia Wei, Wanting Hou, Jing Ba, and José M. Carcione. "On the Green function of the Lord–Shulman thermoelasticity equations." Geophysical Journal International 220, no. 1 (October 7, 2019): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz453.

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SUMMARY Thermoelasticity extends the classical elastic theory by coupling the fields of particle displacement and temperature. The classical theory of thermoelasticity, based on a parabolic-type heat-conduction equation, is characteristic of an unphysical behaviour of thermoelastic waves with discontinuities and infinite velocities as a function of frequency. A better physical system of equations incorporates a relaxation term into the heat equation; the equations predict three propagation modes, namely, a fast P wave (E wave), a slow thermal P wave (T wave), and a shear wave (S wave). We formulate a second-order tensor Green's function based on the Fourier transform of the thermodynamic equations. It is the displacement–temperature solution to a point (elastic or heat) source. The snapshots, obtained with the derived second-order tensor Green's function, show that the elastic and thermal P modes are dispersive and lossy, which is confirmed by a plane-wave analysis. These modes have similar characteristics of the fast and slow P waves of poroelasticity. Particularly, the thermal mode is diffusive at low thermal conductivities and becomes wave-like for high thermal conductivities.

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Geremia, Chris, Jerod A. Merkle, Daniel R. Eacker, Rick L. Wallen, P. J. White, Mark Hebblewhite, and Matthew J. Kauffman. "Migrating bison engineer the green wave." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 51 (November 21, 2019): 25707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913783116.

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Newly emerging plants provide the best forage for herbivores. To exploit this fleeting resource, migrating herbivores align their movements to surf the wave of spring green-up. With new technology to track migrating animals, the Green Wave Hypothesis has steadily gained empirical support across a diversity of migratory taxa. This hypothesis assumes the green wave is controlled by variation in climate, weather, and topography, and its progression dictates the timing, pace, and extent of migrations. However, aggregate grazers that are also capable of engineering grassland ecosystems make some of the world’s most impressive migrations, and it is unclear how the green wave determines their movements. Here we show that Yellowstone’s bison (Bison bison) do not choreograph their migratory movements to the wave of spring green-up. Instead, bison modify the green wave as they migrate and graze. While most bison surfed during early spring, they eventually slowed and let the green wave pass them by. However, small-scale experiments indicated that feedback from grazing sustained forage quality. Most importantly, a 6-fold decadal shift in bison density revealed that intense grazing caused grasslands to green up faster, more intensely, and for a longer duration. Our finding broadens our understanding of the ways in which animal movements underpin the foraging benefit of migration. The widely accepted Green Wave Hypothesis needs to be revised to include large aggregate grazers that not only move to find forage, but also engineer plant phenology through grazing, thereby shaping their own migratory movements.

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Bloder, Elisabeth, and Georg Jäger. "Is the Green Wave Really Green? The Risks of Rebound Effects When Implementing “Green” Policies." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 5411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105411.

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Traffic and transportation are main contributors to the global CO2 emissions and resulting climate change. Especially in urban areas, traffic flow is not optimal and thus offers possibilities to reduce emissions. The concept of a Green Wave, i.e., the coordinated switching of traffic lights in order to favor a single direction and reduce congestion, is often discussed as a simple mechanism to avoid breaking and accelerating, thereby reducing fuel consumption. On the other hand, making car use more attractive might also increase emissions. In this study, we use an agent-based model to investigate the benefit of a Green Wave in order to find out whether it can outweigh the effects of increased car use. We find that although the Green Wave has the potential to reduce emissions, there is also a high risk of heaving a net increase in emissions, depending on the specifics of the traffic system.

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Zhu, Renchuan, Guoping Miao, and Zhaowei Lin. "Numerical Research on FPSOs With Green Water Occurrence." Journal of Ship Research 53, no. 01 (March 1, 2009): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2009.53.1.7.

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Green water loads on sailing ships or floating structures occur when an incoming wave significantly exceeds freeboard and water runs onto the deck. In this paper, numerical programs developed based on the platform of the commercial software Fluent were used to numerically model green water occurrence on floating structures exposed to waves. The phenomena of the fixed floating production, storage, and offloading unit (FPSO) model and oscillating vessels in head waves have been simulated and analyzed. For the oscillating floating body case, a combination idea is presented in which the motions of the FPSO are calculated by the potential theory in advance and computional fluid dynamics (CFD) tools are used to investigate the details of green water. A technique of dynamic mesh is introduced in a numerical wave tank to simulate the green water occurrence on the oscillating vessels in waves. Numerical results agree well with the corresponding experimental results regarding the wave heights on deck and green water impact loads; the two-dimensional fixed FPSO model case conducted by Greco (2001), and the three-dimensional oscillating vessel cases by Buchner (2002), respectively. The research presented here indicates that the present numerical scheme and method can be used to actually simulate the phenomenon of green water on deck, and to predict and analyze the impact forces on floating structures due to green water. This can be of great significance in further guiding ship design and optimization, especially in the strength design of ship bows.

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Chaw, Shawlin. "The Green Wave Needs Private Enterprises." SAIS Review of International Affairs 28, no. 2 (2008): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sais.0.0009.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Green Wave"

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Graaf, Alexandra Johanna van der. "Geese on a green wave: flexible migrants in a changing world." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2006. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/291343473.

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Mohd, Haniffah Mohd Ridza. "Wave evolution on gentle slopes : statistical analysis and Green-Naghdi modelling." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:26270be8-c3ee-4749-a290-7bdb4a174a4a.

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An understanding of extreme waves is important in the design and analysis of offshore structures, such as oil and gas platforms. With the increase of interest in the shipping of LNG, the design of import and export terminals in coastal water of slowly varying intermediate depth requires accurate analysis of steep wave shoaling. In this thesis, data from laboratory experiments involving random wave simulations on very gentle slopes have been analysed in terms of a model of large wave events, and the results interpreted by observation of the shape and magnitude of the large wave events. The auto-correlation function of the free surface elevation time histories, called NewWave, has been calculated from the wave spectrum and shown to fit very well up to the point where waves start to break (when compared to the ‘linear’ surface elevation time history). It has been shown that NewWave is an appropriate model for the shape of the ‘linear’ part of large waves provided kd > 0.5. A Stokes-like expansion for NewWave analysis has been demonstrated to match the average shape of the largest waves, accounting for the dominant vertical asymmetry. Furthermore, an appropriate local wave period derived from NewWave has been inserted into a Miche-based limiting criterion, using the linear dispersion equation, to obtain estimates for the limiting wave height. Overall, the analysis confirms the Miche-type criterion applies to limiting wave height for waves passing over very mild bed slopes. A derivation of general Green-Naghdi (GN) theory, which incorporates non-linear terms in its formulation, is also presented. This approach satisfies the boundary conditions exactly and approximates the field equations. The derived 2-dimensional vertical GN Level 1 model, capable of simulating steep waves on varying water depth, is validated against solitary waves and their interactions, and solitary waves on varying water depth and gives good qualitative agreement against the KdV equation. The developed and validated numerical model is used to simulate focussed wave groups on both constant depth and gentle slope. In general, the behaviour of waves simulated by the numerical model is very similar to that observed in the experimental data. There is evidence of vertical asymmetry as the water depth is reduced, owing to the non-linearity. Although the main physics is still controlled by linear dispersion, the higher order harmonics become increasingly important for shoaling waves. The numerical results also show a slope-induced wave set-up that keeps on increasing in amplitude as the wave group travels on the gentle slope.

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Alzahrani, Abdulah. "Local travelling wave solutions and self-similar solutions for a green roof model." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2776.

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In this thesis we study travelling wave solutions and self-similar solutions for a green roof model and for some simpler models which are derived from that model. We focus on two limiting cases near a dry region and near a saturated region. We start by considering a convection model in the absence of diffusion and sink terms. We show that rarefaction waves and shock solutions exist for several cases. Next, we consider a convection-diffusion model where both the convective and diffusive terms are present and we show that travelling wave solutions and self-similar solutions exist for some cases. Moreover, numerical simulations are used for the travelling wave and self-similar solutions and confirm the analytic predictions. Finally, we consider the green roof model where all terms are present and we show that travelling wave solutions exist, whereas self-similar solutions are not found. We also show the travelling wave solutions exist for the two limiting cases.

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Mosuela, Kristine Angela. "A Parameterized Approach to Estimating Wave Attenuation from Living Shorelines." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104636.

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Living shorelines and other nature-based solutions have become more widely accepted as a cost-effective, multi-functional, and sustainable approach to coastal resilience. However, in spite of growing stakeholder support, a planning-level understanding of the hydrodynamic impact of living shorelines is not well-developed. Not only do these features vary in size, shape, and structural characteristics, but the wave environment in which they exist can be quiescent or extreme. The work presented in this paper explores the hydrodynamic effects of living shoreline features in such a way that can be generalized across a range of varying physical environments. In a series of Simulation WAves Nearshore (SWAN) simulations, we investigate the effect of wave period, wave height, bed slope, living shoreline feature length in the cross-shore direction, and feature friction coefficient on wave attenuation. Results showed that higher wave period, higher wave height, milder slopes, longer feature lengths, and higher feature roughness largely correlated with higher wave attenuation. However, only on mild slopes did additional feature lengths result in appreciable additional attenuation. Characteristic lengths were thus computed to better illustrate the cost-effectiveness of additional feature lengths given a particular wave environment. These characteristic lengths provide one way to evaluate the hydraulic efficacy of proposed living shoreline projects. In this way, regardless of the particularities of individual project sites, we aim to help planners screen potential living shoreline projects before pursuing more detailed, costly analyses.
Master of Science
Living shorelines and other nature-based solutions have become more widely accepted as a cost-effective, multi-functional, and sustainable approach to coastal resilience. However, in spite of growing stakeholder support, a planning-level understanding of the hydrodynamic impact of living shorelines is not well-developed. Not only do these features vary in size, shape, and structural characteristics, but the wave environment in which they exist can be quiescent or extreme. The work presented in this paper explores the hydrodynamic effects of living shoreline features in such a way that can be generalized across a range of varying physical environments. In a series of Simulation WAves Nearshore (SWAN) simulations, we investigate the effect of wave period, wave height, bed slope, living shoreline feature length in the cross-shore direction, and feature friction coefficient on wave attenuation. Results showed that higher wave period, higher wave height, milder slopes, longer feature lengths, and higher feature roughness largely correlated with higher wave attenuation. However, only on mild slopes did additional feature lengths result in appreciable additional attenuation. Characteristic lengths were thus computed to better illustrate the cost-effectiveness of additional feature lengths given a particular wave environment. These characteristic lengths provide one way to evaluate the hydraulic efficacy of proposed living shoreline projects. In this way, regardless of the particularities of individual project sites, we aim to help planners screen potential living shoreline projects before pursuing more detailed, costly analyses.

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Krüger, Jens-Thomas [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Brüning. "Green Wave : A Semi Custom Hardware Architecture for Reverse Time Migration / Jens-Thomas Krüger ; Betreuer: Ulrich Brüning." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1179785533/34.

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Wong, Chi Fai. "NORTH AMERICAN HEAT WAVE PREDICTABILITY: SKILL ATTRIBUTION AND LAND SURFACE INITIALIZATION IN MEDIUM-RANGE FORECAST MODELS." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2640.

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A developed seamless extreme heat validation approach (Ford et al. 2018) is applied to three Subseasonl Experiment’s (SubX’s) medium-range forecast models, which arethe U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Earth System Research Laboratory FIM-iHYCOM (ESRL), the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Earth System Research Laboratory’s Goddard Earth Observing System Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model, Version 5 (GMAO), and the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction’s Global Ensemble Forecast System, version 11 (GEFS), for evaluating their heat wave predictability. Moreover, two land surface initializations, green vegetation fraction (GVF) and heat fluxes (LE/H), of each model are evaluated for understanding the interaction between heat wave predictability and the inconsistencies in the terrestrial segment of land-atmosphere feedbacks. The validation approach shows the overestimated autocorrelation of maximum temperature heat waves causing (1) the lowest reliability and overestimation of heat waves hindcasts, (2) lower heat wave hindcast skill of ensemble mean, and (3) higher discrimination between heat wave hindcast and observations of each ensemble member over lead times for all three models. Both ESRL and GEFS present the relationship between GVF and heat wave hindcast is positive, but negative relationship is shown on the GMAO. In addition, both ESRL and GEFS modelsunderestimate latent heat flux, but overestimate sensible heat flux in the Midwest. Therefore, for both ESRL and GEFS models, the relationship between heat wave and sensible heat fluxes (or GVF) is positive, and negative for the relationship between heat wave and latent heat flux (or evapotranspiration). In contrast, the GMAO model overestimates both latent and sensible heat fluxes in the Midwest. Therefore, for the GMAO model, the relationship between heat wave and latent/sensible heat fluxes (or GVF) is positive, and negative for the relationship between heat wave and evapotranspiration.

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Jalali, Mohammad Reza. "One-dimensional and two-dimensional Green-Naghdi equation solvers for shallow flow over uniform and non-uniform beds." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23475.

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Numerical simulation of wave behaviour in shallow and deep water is often a key aspect of ocean, coastal, and river hydrodynamic studies. This thesis derives nonlinear one- and two-dimensional level I Green-Naghdi (GN) equations that model the motions of free surface waves in shallow water over non-uniform bed topography. By assuming fitted velocity profiles through the depth, GN equations are simpler than Boussinesq equations, while retaining the wave dispersion property. Implicit matrix solvers are used to solve the spatially discretised 1D and 2D GN equations, with a 4th order Runge Kutta scheme used for time integration. To verify the developed numerical solvers of 1D GN equations, a series of simulations are undertaken for standard benchmark tests including sloshing in a tank and solitary wave propagation over a flat bed. In all cases, grid convergence tests were conducted. In the sloshing test, both numerical schemes and the analytical solution were in complete agreement for small-amplitude free surface motions. At larger values of initial sloshing amplitude, the nonlinear effects caused the free surface waves to steepen, and eventually the numerical simulations became unstable. This could be resolved in future using a shock-capturing scheme. Excellent agreement was achieved between the numerical predictions and analytical solution for solitary waves propagating. The 2D GN equation solver was then verified for the benchmark tests of Gaussian hump sloshing and solitary wave propagation in closed basin. The predicted free surface motions for Gaussian hump sloshing were in good agreement with linear Fourier analytical solutions for a certain initial period, after which nonlinear effects started to dominate the numerical solution. A reversibility check was undertaken. Nonlinear effects were investigated by increasing the amplitude of the hump, and applying harmonic separation (by comparison against slosh predictions for a corresponding Gaussian trough). It was found that the even harmonic components provided a useful indication of the nonlinear behaviour of the 2D GN equations. 2D GN simulations of a 0.6 m amplitude solitary wave propagation in 1 m deep water over a flat, horizontal bed confirmed that nonlinear interaction was correctly modelled, when the solitary wave hit a solid wall and its runup reached 2.36 m which was 0.36m more than the linear analytical solution and almost identical to a second order solution.

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Nagaraj, Mahavir. "Short time scale thermal mechanical shock wave propagation in high performance microelectronic packaging configuration." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1087.

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The generalized theory of thermoelasticity was employed to characterize the coupled thermal and mechanical wave propagation in high performance microelectronic packages. Application of a Gaussian heat source of spectral profile similar to high performance devices was shown to induce rapid thermal and mechanical transient phenomena. The stresses and temporal gradient of stresses (power density) induced by the thermal and mechanical disturbances were analyzed using the Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT). The arrival time of frequency components and their magnitude was studied at various locations in the package. Comparison of the results from the classical thermoelasticity theory and generalized theory was also conducted. It was found that the two theories predict vastly different results in the vicinity of the heat source but that the differences diminish within a larger time window. Results from both theories indicate that the rapid thermal-mechanical waves cause high frequency, broadband stress waves to propagate through the package for a very short period of time. The power density associated with these stress waves was found to be of significant magnitude indicating that even though the effect, titled short time scale effect, is short lived, it could have significant impact on package reliability. The high frequency and high power density associated with the stress waves indicate that the probability of sub-micron cracking and/or delamination due to short time scale effect is high. The findings demonstrate that in processes involving rapid thermal transients, there is a non-negligible transient phenomenon worthy of further investigation.

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Ekblom, Olga. "The Green Wave : How communication, advocacy andparticipation measures are included indocuments important for increase bicycling inStockholm City and Nacka Municipality." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33313.

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The world is becoming increasingly urban. This puts pressure on a number of functions within cities, not the least the transportation system. Motorized traffic is responsible for a number of negative environmental effects, such as carbon dioxide emissions and particle pollution. To halt this development an increased share of bicyclists is needed. Stockholm County is an area with rapid urbanization. Therefore, a comparative study was undertaken to analyse how Stockholm City and Nacka Municipality are including communication, advocacy and participation measures in documents important for increased bicycling. This as those measures are important to increase the number of bicyclists. The analysis was undertaken by using two typologies, a modified version of the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) to understand how the two cases include communication and advocacy measures whereas Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizens Participation was chosen to understand how participation is included in the documents. The findings suggest many similarities between the two cases but Nacka Municipality perform better with their use of social media, and the activities ”bicycle-friendly workplace” and ”winter bicycling”. From the findings three recommendations where provided: create bicycle councils to improve inclusion of bicyclists in the processes. Second, it is important to have different type of role models across the municipality, both in socio-economic strong and weak areas. And third, create dedicated outlets for bicycle issues, tentatively on a social media outlet. This will increase the status of bicycles, it will promote bicycling as a good transportation choice and it open ups channels for citizens interaction.
I dagens allt mer urbaniserade värld börjar fler funktioner i staden sättas under hårt tryck, inte minst transportsektorn. Motordriven trafik är orsaken till en rad negativa miljöeffekter, så som koldioxidutsläpp och partikelföroreningar. För att stävja denna utveckling och öka framkomligheten i de allt mer fullbelagda städerna behöver andelen cyklister öka. Tre områden som är av stort intresse för att öka andelen cyklister är kommunikation, påverkan och delaktighet. Därav undersöktes dessa områden i en jämförande studie. Stockholms län är en region med kraftigt ökande befolkningsandel och där transportsektorn är särskilt ansatt. Därför valdes regionen för att genomföra en jämförande studie där Stockholms stad och Nacka kommun selekterades som studieobjekt. Detta eftersom Stockholms stad är den störta kommunen i regionen, de är många som arbetar i de centrala delarna och de finns ökande framkomlighetsproblem i kommunen. Därefter valdes Nacka kommun som jämförande kommun, baserat på differensmetoden. Stockholms stad och Nacka kommun har liknande socio-ekonomisk sammansättning och de har liknande förutsättningar vad gäller cykelmöjligheter. Utöver det har båda kommunerna egna cykelstrategier. De som skiljer kommunerna åt är att Nacka kommun under senare år har blivit prisat för sitt arbete inom cykelområdet. De tilldelades 2016 Årets Cykelprestation av Stockholms regionala cykelkansli under 2017 placerade sig Nacka kommun som nummer ett för medelstora kommuner, och fyra totalt, i Kommunvelometern presenterat av Cykelfrämjandet. I Kommunvelometern hamnar Stockholm Stad som 8 av 11 stora kommuner och på plats 16 totalt. Undersökningen gjordes genom analys av dokument som ansågs ha betydelse för cykelsatsningar inom respektive kommun. Det innefattade bland annat översiktsplaner, framkomlighetsstrategier och interna kommunikationsdokument. Analysen gjordes med hjälp av två typologier. För att se hur kommunikation och påverkan används i dokumenten användes en utveckling av typologin Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) och för att se hur delaktighets beskrevs i dokumenten användes Arnsteins delaktighetsstege. Analysen visade många likheter mellan fallen. Dock framgick det att Nacka kommun presterade bättre med sin användning av sociala medier och genom främst två aktiviteter, Cykelvänlig arbetsplats och Cykla på vintern. Från slutsatsen kunde sedan tre rekommendationer lämnas. För det första bör cyklister inkluderas tidigt i processerna genom någon from av cykelråd. Det är också viktigt att försöka skapa cykelförebilder runtom i hela kommunerna, både i socio-ekonomiska starka och svaga områden. Till sist bör cykeldedikerade kommunikationskanaler skapas, förslagsvis på sociala medier. Detta ger en plattform som ger cykling ökad status, där cykling kan främjas och det skapar inte minst en möjlighet för medborgarkommunikation.

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Abdolmaleki, Kourosh. "Modelling of wave impact on offshore structures." University of Western Australia. School of Mechanical Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0055.

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[Truncated abstract] The hydrodynamics of wave impact on offshore structures is not well understood. Wave impacts often involve large deformations of water free-surface. Therefore, a wave impact problem is usually combined with a free-surface problem. The complexity is expanded when the body exposed to a wave impact is allowed to move. The nonlinear interactions between a moving body and fluid is a complicated process that has been a dilemma in the engineering design of offshore and coastal structures for a long time. This thesis used experimental and numerical means to develop further understanding of the wave impact problems as well as to create a numerical tool suitable for simulation of such problems. The study included the consideration of moving boundaries in order to include the coupled interactions of the body and fluid. The thesis is organized into two experimental and numerical parts. There is a lack of benchmarking experimental data for studying fluid-structure interactions with moving boundaries. In the experimental part of this research, novel experiments were, therefore, designed and performed that were useful for validation of the numerical developments. By considering a dynamical system with only one degree of freedom, the complexity of the experiments performed was minimal. The setup included a plate that was attached to the bottom of a flume via a hinge and tethered by two springs from the top one at each side. The experiments modelled fluid-structure interactions in three subsets. The first subset studied a highly nonlinear decay test, which resembled a harsh wave impact (or slam) incident. The second subset included waves overtopping on the vertically restrained plate. In the third subset, the plate was free to oscillate and was excited by the same waves. The wave overtopping the plate resembled the physics of the green water on fixed and moving structures. An analytical solution based on linear potential theory was provided for comparison with experimental results. ... In simulation of the nonlinear decay test, the SPH results captured the frequency variation in plate oscillations, which indicated that the radiation forces (added mass and damping forces) were calculated satisfactorily. In simulation of the nonlinear waves, the waves progressed in the flume similar to the physical experiments and the total energy of the system was conserved with an error of 0.025% of the total initial energy. The wave-plate interactions were successfully modelled by SPH. The simulations included wave run-up and shipping of water for fixed and oscillating plate cases. The effects of the plate oscillations on the flow regime are also discussed in detail. The combination of experimental and numerical investigation provided further understanding of wave impact problems. The novel design of the experiments extended the study to moving boundaries in small scale. The use of SPH eliminated the difficulties of dealing with free-surface problems so that the focus of study could be placed on the impact forces on fixed and moving bodies.

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Books on the topic "Green Wave"

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(undifferentiated), Lowe, and Rudig. The green wave: A comparative analysis of ecological parties. Oxford: Polity Press, 1999.

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Elkington, John. The green wave: A report on the 1990 Greenworld Survey. London: [SustainAbility], 1990.

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Edgar, Danny K. The green wave and the Navy: The history of the USS Benfold (DDG-65). Wenatchee, WA: Redrosebush Press, 1999.

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1944-, Burgess Craig E., ed. The green wave and the Navy: The history of the USS Benfold (DDG-65). Wenatchee, WA: Redrosebush Press, 1999.

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Scalar wave theory: Green's functions and applications. Berlin: Springer, 1992.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Electromagnetic wave scattering on nonspherical particles: Basic methodology and simulations. Berlin: Springer, 2009.

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Riley, Rossmo, and Tindall Kelly, eds. Green Wake. Berkeley, Calif: Image, 2011.

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Psaras, Marios. The Queer Greek Weird Wave. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40310-6.

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Green sees things in waves. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998.

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Green sees things in waves. London: Faber and Faber, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Green Wave"

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Paz, Josi. "Supermarket and Green Wave." In Handbook of Engaged Sustainability, 1–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53121-2_11-2.

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Paz, Josi. "Supermarket and Green Wave." In Handbook of Engaged Sustainability, 549–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71312-0_11.

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Bess, Charlie. "Sustainability and Green IT." In The Next Wave of Technologies, 355–72. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119199946.ch20.

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Mandelis, Andreas. "Green Functions of One-Dimensional Thermal-Wave Fields." In Diffusion-Wave Fields, 22–84. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3548-2_2.

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Fronek, Andrew, Michael Nosonovsky, Ben Barger, and Ilya Avdeev. "Tribological and Mechanical Design Considerations for Wave Energy Collecting Devices." In Green Tribology, 607–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23681-5_21.

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Mandelis, Andreas. "Green Functions of Thermal-Wave Fields in Cylindrical Coordinates." In Diffusion-Wave Fields, 313–413. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3548-2_6.

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Mandelis, Andreas. "Green Functions of Thermal-Wave Fields in Spherical Coordinates." In Diffusion-Wave Fields, 501–41. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3548-2_8.

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Tzen, Eftihia. "Wind and Wave Energy for Reverse Osmosis." In Green Energy and Technology, 213–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01150-4_9.

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Mandelis, Andreas. "Green Functions in Three- and Two- Dimensional Cartesian Thermal-Wave Fields." In Diffusion-Wave Fields, 167–244. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3548-2_4.

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Guo, Bao-Zhu, and Jun-Min Wang. "Riesz Basis Generation: Green Function Approach." In Control of Wave and Beam PDEs, 439–504. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12481-6_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Green Wave"

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Karayaka, H. Bora, Hugo Mahlke, and Mehrube Mehrubeoglu. "The Development of a Rotational Wave Energy Conversion System: Design and Simulations." In 2011 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (IEEE-Green). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/green.2011.5754852.

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Shenghai Fan and Haibo Ding. "One-way green-wave research." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965756.

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Li, Hui, Bao-Li Deng, Shu-Zheng Sun, Wen-Lei Du, and Hao-Dong Zhao. "Experimental Investigation of the Green Water Loads on a Wave-Piercing Tumblehome Ship." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61338.

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This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of green water loads on a wave-piercing tumblehome ship. A water tank experiment was carried out in head regular waves by using a self-propelling segmented ship model. Wave probes and pressure sensors were arranged on the bow deck along the longitudinal and transverse directions. The height of water and the impact pressure on the deck were measured and their distributions in different wave conditions studied. The motion of the water flowing on the deck was recorded by a high-speed video system. Based on the experimental results, it was found that the green water is more serious with the increase of incident wave height and ship speed. The bow shape has little effects on the occurrence of green water, but it influences the green water loads to some extent. The distribution of green water pressure is different from that of green water height due to the strong nonlinearity of green water pressure.

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Buchner, Bas, and Frederick Jaouen. "‘Inverse’ Concept: Wave Energy Generation by Motion and Green Water Maximisation." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79579.

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This paper presents the initial investigations into the ‘Inverse’ concept for wave energy conversion, based on the maximisation of motions and green water. The ‘Inverse’ concept combines aspects of ‘overtopping’, ‘heaving’ and ‘pitching’ wave energy conversion concepts, but also adds specific aspects such as the use of green water. Instead of reducing the motions and green water as is done in normal offshore hydrodynamics, the ‘Inverse’ concepts tries to maximise the motions and green water to generate energy from the waves. Results are presented of frequency domain calculations for the motion (de-) optimisation. Improved Volume Of Fluid (iVOF) simulations are used to simulate the green water flow on the deck. It is concluded that the potential of the ‘Inverse’ concept is clear. As a result of the double connotation of the word ‘green’, this renewable energy concept could also be called the ‘green water’ concept. Further work needs to be carried out on the further optimisation of the concept.

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Chuang, Wei-Liang, Kuang-An Chang, and Richard Mercier. "Green Water Flow on a Fixed Model Structure in a Large Wave Basin Under Random Waves." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77184.

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Green water generated by random waves on a fixed, simplified geometry model structure was measured in a large wave basin. The velocity field of the flow that is aerated and highly turbulent was quantified using the bubble image velocimetry (BIV) technique. BIV utilizes shadow textures created by air-water interfaces as tracers in backlit images recorded by a high speed camera. The tracers in consecutive images are then cross-correlated to obtain the corresponding two-dimensional velocities. Random waves were generated by the JONSWAP spectrum with a significant wave height close to the freeboard. An image-based triggering method was employed to detect the green water events and trigger image acquisition. A total of 179 green water events were collected and categorized into three different types, based on the flow behavior. That includes the collapse of overtopping wave, fall of bulk water, and breaking wave crest. Statistical distributions of maximum green water velocities under random waves were developed, while the lognormal distribution was found as the best fit. By modeling the green water as a dam break flow, the Ritter solution was found to be able to capture the horizontal velocity distribution for the random green water events. A prediction equation for the green water velocity distribution under random waves was also obtained.

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Schiller, Rafael Vergara, Csaba Pâkozdi, Carl Trygve Stansberg, and Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho e Silva. "Green Water and Wave Impact on FPSOs in Santos Basin: Challenges and Prediction Tools." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24087.

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Green water (water-on-deck) and subsequent wave impact is a strongly non-linear, random and complex phenomenon that represents an important factor to be considered in the design of moored vessels and vessels in transit. The Santos Basin, in southeast Brazil, is a new frontier for deep water oil production, where FPSO green water issues are expected to be more important. In this paper, we investigate new green water challenges associated with the Santos Basin. We employ an engineering prediction tool, KINEMA, designed to predict wave-induced impact loads on FPSOs in steep irregular waves, and for use in early design load analysis. We perform a sensitivity study to arbitrary wave directions and present preliminary results from a case study that would be illustrating for the Santos Basin. Firstly, a comparison between numerical green water predictions and a set of earlier model test data for a Campos Basin case shows satisfactory agreement. A sensitivity study suggests that an empirical tuning factor, which is related to wave amplification and wave-structure interaction, should decrease with increasing wave heading. Then, a preliminary numerical investigation of the green water problem in Santos Basin wave conditions demonstrates that although the wave impact from the largest waves (S-SW) may be avoided by heading the vessel towards S-SW, other wave directions have to be taken into consideration. The results presented herein confirm that multi-directional wave heading is a green water challenge in the Santos Basin. Further studies that address this problem in detail, in special variations in the wave-structure interactions due to wave heading, and for actual particular Santos Basin FPSO’s, are recommended.

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Yue, Lei, Zhiguo Zhang, and Dakui Feng. "The Analysis and Application of Numerical Wave Tank Based on the Viscous Fluid." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20922.

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The so-called numerical wave tank is to use a mathematical model to simulate the process of making waves and interaction between waves and structures. Shipping water occurs when the wave height exceeds the deck level of a floating vessel. A large amount of seawater flows down onto the deck. It damages deck equipment and causes even submergence. The water on deck is called “Green Water”, and it is dangerous for ships. It is of great significance to analyze and simulate wave and green water phenomenon. This paper developed a three-dimensional numerical wave tank and presented VOF method to deal with the movement with free surface, and then simulated process of wave generation numerically. A two-dimensional numerical simulation of the green water phenomenon of a hull placed in regular wave was performed. The process of wave running up and wave deforming were obtained. The results show that the present numerical scheme and methods can be used to simulate process of wave generation and phenomenon of green water on deck, and to predict and analyze the impact forces between waves and structures due to green water.

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Xinmin Yu, Suman Prasad Sah, Benjamin Belzer, and Deukhyoun Heo. "Performance evaluation and receiver front-end design for on-chip millimeter-wave wireless interconnect." In 2010 International Conference on Green Computing (Green Comp). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/greencomp.2010.5598263.

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Ariyarathne, Kusalika, Kuang-An Chang, and Richard Mercier. "Measurement of Green Water on a 3D Structure." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79868.

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The present study investigates the velocity fields of plunging breaking waves impinging on a three-dimensional simplified ship-shape structure in a laboratory wave tank. Green water was generated as the waves break and overtop the structure. Bubble image velocimetry (BIV) was used to measure the velocity field of green water along the centerline of the deck. Two plunging wave conditions were tested and compared: one with waves impinging on the vertical wall of the structure at the initial still water level; the other with waves impacting on the horizontal deck surface. The velocity fields are quite different for the two cases even though the incoming wave heights and the wave periods are nearly identical. It was observed that the maximum horizontal velocity is higher for the case with waves compacting on the deck. The waves also passed the deck quicker than the other case. For both cases the profiles of the green water velocity shows a non-linear distribution with the maximum velocity occurring near the front of the water.

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Lagoun, M. S., A. Benalia, and M. E. H. Benbouzid. "A predictive power control of Doubly fed induction generator for wave energy converter in irregular waves." In 2014 International Conference on Green Energy. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icge.2014.6835392.

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Reports on the topic "Green Wave"

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Olsen, Jonathan, and Richard Mitchell. SSR Environment and Spaces Group - COVID-19 Green and Open Space Use in Spring 2021 (Wave 3): Priorities for post-pandemic recovery. University of Glasgow, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/gla.pubs.246702.

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Zimmermann, Frank. Green Functions for the Radial Electric Component of the Monopole Wake Field in a Round Resistive Chamber. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/9887.

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Branch, Darren W. Hybrid method for the precise calculation of the general dyadic Greens functions for SAW and leaky wave substrates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/942184.

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Ertekin, R. C., and Jang W. Kim. The Study of the Spatial Coherence of Surface Waves by the Nonlinear Green-Naghdi Model in Deep Water. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629882.

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Ertekin, R. C., and Jang W. Kim. The Study of the Spatial Coherence of Surface Waves by the Nonlinear Green-Naghdi Model in Deep Water. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada609930.

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Herbert, George. How Can Middle-income Countries Improve Their Skills Systems Post- COVID-19? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.082.

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Vocational training systems in middle-income countries are going to face multiple challenges in the post-COVID era, notably, challenges related to (1) automation; (2) the transition to a green economy, and (3) demographic pressures. Of these, automation - linked to the burgeoning ‘fourth industrial revolution’ that is set to transform the global economy - represents the most serious challenge and is the only one of the three challenges discussed in any depth in this paper. Whilst estimates of the likely scale of automation in the coming years and decades vary widely, it appears likely that waves of automation will lead to a dramatic decline in many kinds of jobs that largely involve routine, repetitive tasks. These trends pre-date COVID-19, but the disruption caused by the pandemic provides an opportunity to prepare for these challenges by implementing vocational training system reforms as part of the Build Back Better agenda. Reforms to vocational training systems will be crucial to ensuring middle-income countries respond appropriately to accelerating labour market changes. However, they should only form a limited part of that response and need to be integrated with a wide range of other policy measures. Vocational training reform will need to occur in the context of major reforms to basic education in order to ensure that all workers are equipped with the cross-cutting cognitive and socio-emotional skills they will require to perform hard-to-automate tasks and to be able to learn and adapt rapidly in a changing economy. Middle-income countries will also likely need to progressively expand social protection schemes in order to provide a safety net for workers that struggle to adapt to changing labour market requirements.

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