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Journal articles on the topic 'Green Wave'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Schwartz, Mark D. "Green-wave phenology." Nature 394, no. 6696 (August 1998): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/29670.

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2

Afshari, Ali, and H. Graham Underwood. "The Green Wave." Journal of Democracy 20, no. 4 (2009): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jod.0.0124.

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3

Liang, Hui, and Xiaobo Chen. "Viscous effects on the fundamental solution to ship waves." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 879 (October 1, 2019): 744–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.698.

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The fundamental solution to steady ship waves accounting for viscous effects (the viscous-ship-wave Green function) is investigated within the framework of the weakly damped free-surface flow theory. An explicit expression of the viscous-ship-wave Green function is firstly derived, and an accurate and efficient technique is described to evaluate the Green function via decomposing the free-surface term into the local-flow component and wave component. To delve into the physical features of the viscous-ship-wave Green function, the asymptotic approximations in the far field due to Kelvin, Havelock and Peters are presented for the flow-field point located inside, at and outside the Kelvin wedge. In addition, uniform approximations to the wave component based on the Chester–Friedman–Ursell (CFU) approximation and the Kelvin–Havelock–Peters (KHP) approximation are carried out. Both numerical evaluation and asymptotic approximations show that the singular behaviour is eliminated and the divergent waves associated with large wavenumbers leading to rapid oscillations are severely damped when viscous effects are accounted for. In addition, viscous effects also alter the apparent wake angle associated with the wave pattern created by a high-speed translating source, and the apparent wake angle is dependent on both $\mathscr{U}^{-1}$ and $\mathscr{U}^{-2}$, where $\mathscr{U}$ is the translating speed of the source.
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4

Zhao-Meng, Chen, Liu Xiao-ming, and Wu Wen-Xiang. "Optimization Method of Intersection Signal Coordinated Control Based on Vehicle Actuated Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/749748.

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Traditional timing green wave control with predetermined cycle, split, and offset cannot adapt for dynamic real-time traffic flow. This paper proposes a coordinated control method for variable cycle time green wave bandwidth optimization integrated with traffic-actuated control. In the coordinated control, green split is optimized in real time by the measured presence of arriving and/or standing vehicles in each intersection and simultaneously green waves along arterials are guaranteed. Specifically, the dynamic bound of green wave is firstly determined, and then green early-start and green late-start algorithms are presented respectively to accommodate the fluctuations in vehicle arrival rates in each phase. Numerical examples show that the proposed method improves green time, expands green wave bandwidth, and reduces queuing.
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5

LOHMANN, KENNETH J., and CATHERINE M. FITTINGHOFF LOHMANN. "Orientation to Oceanic Waves by Green Turtle Hatchlings." Journal of Experimental Biology 171, no. 1 (October 1, 1992): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.171.1.1.

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Minutes after emerging from underground nests, hatchling green turtles (Chelonia mydas L.) enter the sea and begin a migration towards the open ocean. To test the hypothesis that migrating hatchlings use wave cues to maintain their seaward headings, we released turtles offshore during unusual weather conditions when waves moved in atypical directions. Hatchlings swam into approaching waves in all experiments, even when doing so resulted in orientation back towards land. These data suggest that green turtle hatchlings normally maintain seaward headings early in the offshore migration by using wave propagation direction as an orientation cue. Because waves and swells reliably move towards shore in shallow coastal areas, swimming into waves usually results in movement towards the open sea. The physiological mechanisms that underlie wave detection by sea turtle hatchlings are not known. Calculations indicate that, at the depth at which hatchlings swim, accelerations produced beneath typical waves and swells along the Florida coast are sufficient to be detected by the vertebrate inner ear. We therefore hypothesize that hatchlings determine wave direction while under water by monitoring the sequence of horizontal and vertical accelerations that occur as waves pass above.
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6

Wang, Zhi-Wei, Li-Yun Fu, Jia Wei, Wanting Hou, Jing Ba, and José M. Carcione. "On the Green function of the Lord–Shulman thermoelasticity equations." Geophysical Journal International 220, no. 1 (October 7, 2019): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz453.

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SUMMARY Thermoelasticity extends the classical elastic theory by coupling the fields of particle displacement and temperature. The classical theory of thermoelasticity, based on a parabolic-type heat-conduction equation, is characteristic of an unphysical behaviour of thermoelastic waves with discontinuities and infinite velocities as a function of frequency. A better physical system of equations incorporates a relaxation term into the heat equation; the equations predict three propagation modes, namely, a fast P wave (E wave), a slow thermal P wave (T wave), and a shear wave (S wave). We formulate a second-order tensor Green's function based on the Fourier transform of the thermodynamic equations. It is the displacement–temperature solution to a point (elastic or heat) source. The snapshots, obtained with the derived second-order tensor Green's function, show that the elastic and thermal P modes are dispersive and lossy, which is confirmed by a plane-wave analysis. These modes have similar characteristics of the fast and slow P waves of poroelasticity. Particularly, the thermal mode is diffusive at low thermal conductivities and becomes wave-like for high thermal conductivities.
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7

Geremia, Chris, Jerod A. Merkle, Daniel R. Eacker, Rick L. Wallen, P. J. White, Mark Hebblewhite, and Matthew J. Kauffman. "Migrating bison engineer the green wave." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 51 (November 21, 2019): 25707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913783116.

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Newly emerging plants provide the best forage for herbivores. To exploit this fleeting resource, migrating herbivores align their movements to surf the wave of spring green-up. With new technology to track migrating animals, the Green Wave Hypothesis has steadily gained empirical support across a diversity of migratory taxa. This hypothesis assumes the green wave is controlled by variation in climate, weather, and topography, and its progression dictates the timing, pace, and extent of migrations. However, aggregate grazers that are also capable of engineering grassland ecosystems make some of the world’s most impressive migrations, and it is unclear how the green wave determines their movements. Here we show that Yellowstone’s bison (Bison bison) do not choreograph their migratory movements to the wave of spring green-up. Instead, bison modify the green wave as they migrate and graze. While most bison surfed during early spring, they eventually slowed and let the green wave pass them by. However, small-scale experiments indicated that feedback from grazing sustained forage quality. Most importantly, a 6-fold decadal shift in bison density revealed that intense grazing caused grasslands to green up faster, more intensely, and for a longer duration. Our finding broadens our understanding of the ways in which animal movements underpin the foraging benefit of migration. The widely accepted Green Wave Hypothesis needs to be revised to include large aggregate grazers that not only move to find forage, but also engineer plant phenology through grazing, thereby shaping their own migratory movements.
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8

Bloder, Elisabeth, and Georg Jäger. "Is the Green Wave Really Green? The Risks of Rebound Effects When Implementing “Green” Policies." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 5411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105411.

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Traffic and transportation are main contributors to the global CO2 emissions and resulting climate change. Especially in urban areas, traffic flow is not optimal and thus offers possibilities to reduce emissions. The concept of a Green Wave, i.e., the coordinated switching of traffic lights in order to favor a single direction and reduce congestion, is often discussed as a simple mechanism to avoid breaking and accelerating, thereby reducing fuel consumption. On the other hand, making car use more attractive might also increase emissions. In this study, we use an agent-based model to investigate the benefit of a Green Wave in order to find out whether it can outweigh the effects of increased car use. We find that although the Green Wave has the potential to reduce emissions, there is also a high risk of heaving a net increase in emissions, depending on the specifics of the traffic system.
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9

Zhu, Renchuan, Guoping Miao, and Zhaowei Lin. "Numerical Research on FPSOs With Green Water Occurrence." Journal of Ship Research 53, no. 01 (March 1, 2009): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2009.53.1.7.

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Green water loads on sailing ships or floating structures occur when an incoming wave significantly exceeds freeboard and water runs onto the deck. In this paper, numerical programs developed based on the platform of the commercial software Fluent were used to numerically model green water occurrence on floating structures exposed to waves. The phenomena of the fixed floating production, storage, and offloading unit (FPSO) model and oscillating vessels in head waves have been simulated and analyzed. For the oscillating floating body case, a combination idea is presented in which the motions of the FPSO are calculated by the potential theory in advance and computional fluid dynamics (CFD) tools are used to investigate the details of green water. A technique of dynamic mesh is introduced in a numerical wave tank to simulate the green water occurrence on the oscillating vessels in waves. Numerical results agree well with the corresponding experimental results regarding the wave heights on deck and green water impact loads; the two-dimensional fixed FPSO model case conducted by Greco (2001), and the three-dimensional oscillating vessel cases by Buchner (2002), respectively. The research presented here indicates that the present numerical scheme and method can be used to actually simulate the phenomenon of green water on deck, and to predict and analyze the impact forces on floating structures due to green water. This can be of great significance in further guiding ship design and optimization, especially in the strength design of ship bows.
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10

Chaw, Shawlin. "The Green Wave Needs Private Enterprises." SAIS Review of International Affairs 28, no. 2 (2008): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sais.0.0009.

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11

Bisch, Stefanie, and Sebastian Zaske. "A Green Wave for Electric Cars." PhotonicsViews 17, no. 3 (April 17, 2020): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phvs.202000019.

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12

Bisch, Stefanie, and Sebastian Zaske. "A Green Wave for Electric Cars." PhotonicsViews 17, no. 2 (April 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phvs.202070219.

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13

Lynn, Heloise B., Wallace E. Beckham, K. Michele Simon, C. Richard Bates, M. Layman, and Michael Jones. "P-wave and S-wave azimuthal anisotropy at a naturally fractured gas reservoir, Bluebell‐Altamont Field, Utah." GEOPHYSICS 64, no. 4 (July 1999): 1312–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444636.

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Reflection P- and S-wave data were used in an investigation to determine the relative merits and strengths of these two data sets to characterize a naturally fractured gas reservoir in the Tertiary Upper Green River formation. The objective is to evaluate the viability of P-wave seismic to detect the presence of gas‐filled fractures, estimate fracture density and orientation, and compare the results with estimates obtained from the S-wave data. The P-wave response to vertical fractures must be evaluated at different source‐receiver azimuths (travelpaths) relative to fracture strike. Two perpendicular lines of multicomponent reflection data were acquired approximately parallel and normal to the dominant strike of Upper Green River fractures as obtained from outcrop, core analysis, and borehole image logs. The P-wave amplitude response is extracted from prestack amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis, which is compared to isotropic‐model AVO responses of gas sand versus brine sand in the Upper Green River. A nine‐component vertical seismic profile (VSP) was also obtained for calibration of S-wave reflections with P-wave reflections, and support of reflection S-wave results. The direction of the fast (S1) shear‐wave component from the reflection data and the VSP coincides with the northwest orientation of Upper Green River fractures, and the direction of maximum horizontal in‐situ stress as determined from borehole ellipticity logs. Significant differences were observed in the P-wave AVO gradient measured parallel and perpendicular to the orientation of Upper Green River fractures. Positive AVO gradients were associated with gas‐producing fractured intervals for propagation normal to fractures. AVO gradients measured normal to fractures at known waterwet zones were near zero or negative. A proportional relationship was observed between the azimuthal variation of the P-wave AVO gradient as measured at the tops of fractured intervals, and the fractional difference between the vertical traveltimes of split S-waves (the “S-wave anisotropy”) of the intervals.
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14

Liu, Kui, and Ying Zhou. "Travelling-wave Green tensor and near-field Rayleigh-wave sensitivity." Geophysical Journal International 205, no. 1 (February 10, 2016): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv564.

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15

Roychoudhuri, S. K., and Nupur Bandyopadhyay. "Thermoelastic wave propagation in a rotating elastic medium without energy dissipation." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2005, no. 1 (2005): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijmms.2005.99.

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A study is made of the propagation of time-harmonic plane thermoelastic waves of assigned frequency in an infinite rotating medium using Green-Naghdi model (1993) of linear thermoelasticity without energy dissipation. A more general dispersion equation is derived to examine the effect of rotation on the phase velocity of the modified coupled thermal dilatational shear waves. It is observed that in thermoelasticity theory of type II (Green-Naghdi model), the modified coupled dilatational thermal waves propagate unattenuated in contrast to the classical thermoelasticity theory, where the thermoelastic waves undergo attenuation (Parkus, Chadwick, and Sneddon). The solutions of the more general dispersion equation are obtained for small thermoelastic coupling by perturbation technique. Cases of high and low frequencies are also analyzed. The rotation of the medium affects both quasielastic dilatational and shear wave speeds to the first order inωfor low frequency, while the quasithermal wave speed is affected by rotation up to the second power inω. However, for large frequency, rotation influences both the quasidilatational and shear wave speeds to first order inωand the quasithermal wave speed to the second order in1/ω.
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16

Manyanga, David O., and Wen Yang Duan. "Internal Wave Propagation from Pulsating Sources in a Two-Layer Fluid of Finite Depth." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.503.

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The influence of internal waves is very important in the Engineering Analysis, Design and Optimization. To study the internal wave properties, we model a two-layer fluid and generalize to multiple layers. In a two-layer fluid with the upper layer having a free surface, there exist two modes of waves propagating due to the free surface and the interface. This is due to the density difference in the vertical direction of the water, due to the variation in salinity and temperature where waves from underwater structures are of importance. In this case the fluid is assumed to be non viscous, incompressible and the flow is non rotational. On the other hand, there is need for appropriate Green functions to analyze these properties. In this paper, we use the three dimensional Green functions for a stationary oscillating source to study the internal wave characteristics. Some of the behavior studied in this work includes effects of internal waves on the surface and internal wave amplitudes. Further, an investigation of the influence of internal waves on the wave length, frequency and period is made.
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17

Sun, Shuzheng, Wenlei Du, and Hui Li. "Study on Green Water of Tumblehome Hull Using Dam-Break Flow and Ranse Models." Polish Maritime Research 24, s2 (August 28, 2017): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0080.

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Abstract The tumblehome hull adopts some novelty designs such as low-tumblehome freeboard and wave-piercing bow. The new form design makes the ship have many special hydrodynamic performances. Especially the green water of tumblehome hull is different from that of hulls with flare free board. Green water is a strong nonlinear phenomenon of ship-wave interaction, the variation of free surface of liquid is complicated, and there are still some difficulties to solve green water problems well with numerical simulation method. In this paper firstly the motion responses of the tumblehome hull was calculated based on 3D potential theory, and then the dam-break flow model was used to calculate green water height and pressure distribution. According to the result of numerical simulation, some typical working conditions are chosen for 3D CFD simulation using RANS method. The results of numerical simulation methods are compared with the experimental results measured in towing tank. The influence of different ship form parameters and wave parameters to the green water of tumblehome hull is analyzed, and some regularities of green water on tumblehome hull in regular waves are summarized.
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18

Li, Jibin, Guanrong Chen, and Jie Song. "Bifurcations of Traveling Wave Solutions for Fully Nonlinear Water Waves with Surface Tension in the Generalized Serre–Green–Naghdi Equations." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 30, no. 01 (January 2020): 2050019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127420500194.

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For the generalized Serre–Green–Naghdi equations with surface tension, using the methodologies of dynamical systems and singular traveling wave theory developed by Li and Chen [2007] for their traveling wave systems, in different parameter conditions of the parameter space, all possible bounded solutions (solitary wave solutions, kink wave solutions, peakons, pseudo-peakons and periodic peakons as well as compactons) are obtained. More than 26 explicit exact parametric representations are given. It is interesting to find that this fully nonlinear water waves equation coexists with uncountably infinitely many smooth solitary wave solutions or infinitely many pseudo-peakon solutions with periodic solutions or compacton solutions. Differing from the well-known peakon solution of the Camassa–Holm equation, the generalized Serre–Green–Naghdi equations have four new forms of peakon solutions.
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19

Wu, Xiaoping, Shuai Deng, Xiaohong Du, and Jing Ma. "Green-Wave Traffic Theory Optimization and Analysis." World Journal of Engineering and Technology 02, no. 03 (2014): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2014.23b003.

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20

Byck, Peter. "Time to wave the green-spangled banner." New Scientist 210, no. 2814 (May 2011): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(11)61245-1.

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21

Molevich, N. E. "Green function for three-wave coupling problems." Quantum Electronics 31, no. 7 (July 31, 2001): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2001v031n07abeh002023.

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22

Rivrud, Inger Maren, Therese Ramberg Sivertsen, Atle Mysterud, Birgitta Åhman, Ole-Gunnar Støen, and Anna Skarin. "Reindeer green-wave surfing constrained by predators." Ecosphere 9, no. 5 (May 2018): e02210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2210.

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23

Zhang, Yao, Andrew B. Kennedy, Nishant Panda, Clint Dawson, and Joannes J. Westerink. "Boussinesq–Green–Naghdi rotational water wave theory." Coastal Engineering 73 (March 2013): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.09.005.

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24

DENG, SHENGFU, BOLING GUO, and TINGCHUN WANG. "TRAVELING WAVE SOLUTIONS OF THE GREEN–NAGHDI SYSTEM." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 23, no. 05 (May 2013): 1350087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127413500879.

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We investigate the traveling wave solutions of the Green–Naghdi system. Using the qualitative analysis methods of planar autonomous systems, we show not only its phase portraits but also the exact expressions of some bounded wave solutions. These results are a complement of the work by Deng et al. [2011], which studied the traveling wave solutions of its equivalent system under some conditions.
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25

Ponizy, B., F. Noblesse, M. Ba, and M. Guilbaud. "Numerical Evaluation of Free-Surface Green Functions." Journal of Ship Research 38, no. 03 (September 1, 1994): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1994.38.3.193.

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A very simple and efficient method for computing the nonoscillatory near-field terms in the expressions for the Green functions, and their gradients, for wave diffraction/radiation by an offshore structure and steady ship waves in deep water is presented. The Green functions are decomposed into three terms corresponding to simple (Rankine) singularities, wave fields, and nonoscillatory near-field (local) flow components. The method which is presented for approximating the latter nonoscillatory near-field components is based on the use of a coordinate-transformation and a function-transformation. The coordinate-transformation maps the unbounded domain of definition of the Green function into a finite domain (unit square or cube) of transformed coordinates. The function-transformation expresses the near-field components, which are singular at the origin, in terms of functions that are regular everywhere. Proper coordinate and function transformations reduce the problem of approximating singular functions in unbounded domains into that of approximating smoothly varying functions within finite domains. The latter task can be accomplished in a number of ways, including the use of linear table interpolation presented in the study.
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26

DENG, SHENGFU, BOLING GUO, and TINGCHUN WANG. "SOME TRAVELING WAVE SOLITONS OF THE GREEN–NAGHDI SYSTEM." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 21, no. 02 (February 2011): 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127411028623.

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The traveling wave solutions for an equivalent system of the Green–Naghdi system are considered. The qualitative analysis methods of planar autonomous systems yield their phase portraits. The exact expressions of smooth soliton wave solutions, cusp soliton wave solutions, smooth periodic wave solutions and periodic cusp wave solutions are obtained. Some numerical simulations of these solutions are also given. These reveal some new properties of the Green–Naghdi system.
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27

Kim, J. W., K. J. Bai, R. C. Ertekin, and W. C. Webster. "A Strongly-Nonlinear Model for Water Waves in Water of Variable Depth—The Irrotational Green-Naghdi Model." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 125, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1537722.

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Recently, the authors have derived a new approximate model for the nonlinear water waves, the Irrotational Green-Naghdi (IGN) model. In this paper, we first derive the IGN equations applicable to variable water depth, and then perform numerical tests to show whether and how fast the solution of the IGN model converges to the true solution as its level increases. The first example given is the steady solution of progressive waves of permanent form, which includes the small-amplitude sinusoidal wave, the solitary wave and the nonlinear Stokes wave. The second example is the run-up of a solitary wave on a vertical wall. The last example is the shoaling of a wave train over a sloping beach. In each numerical test, the self-convergence of the IGN model is shown first. Then the converged solution is compared to the known analytic solutions and/or solutions of other approximate models such as the KdV and the Boussinesq equations.
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28

Wong, Kwoon Y., Alan R. Adolph, and John E. Dowling. "Retinal Bipolar Cell Input Mechanisms in Giant Danio. I. Electroretinographic Analysis." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 1 (January 2005): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00259.2004.

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Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded from the giant danio ( Danio aequipinnatus) to study glutamatergic input mechanisms onto bipolar cells. Glutamate analogs were applied to determine which receptor types mediate synaptic transmission from rods and cones to on and off bipolar cells. Picrotoxin, strychnine, and tetrodotoxin were used to isolate the effects of the glutamate analogs to the photoreceptor–bipolar cell synapse. Under photopic conditions, the group III metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist (RS)-α-cyclopropyl-4-phosphonophenylglycine (CPPG) only slightly reduced the b-wave, whereas the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) blocker dl- threo-β-benzyl-oxyaspartate (TBOA) removed most of it. Complete elimination of the b-wave required both antagonists. The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)/kainate receptor antagonist 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX) blocked the d-wave. Under scotopic conditions, rod and cone inputs onto on bipolar cells were studied by comparing the sensitivities of the b-wave to photopically matched green and red stimuli. The b-wave was >1 log unit more sensitive to the green than to the red stimulus under control conditions. In CPPG or l-AP4 (l-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid, a group III mGluR agonist), the sensitivity of the b-wave to the green stimulus was dramatically reduced and the b-waves elicited by the 2 stimuli became nearly matched. The d-wave elicited by dim green stimuli, which presumably could be detected only by the rods, was eliminated by NBQX. In conclusion: 1) cone signals onto on bipolar cells involve mainly EAATs but also mGluRs (presumably mGluR6) to a lesser extent; 2) rods signal onto on bipolars by mainly mGluR6; 3) off bipolar cells receive signals from both photoreceptor types by AMPA/kainate receptors.
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29

Endo, Hideichi. "Shallow-Water Effect on the Motions of Three-Dimensional Bodies in Waves." Journal of Ship Research 31, no. 01 (March 1, 1987): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1987.31.1.34.

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The motions of three-dimensional bodies of arbitrary shape freely floating in waves in shallow water are studied. The wave loads on and hydrodynamic forces of a rigid body are calculated by applying the surface source distribution method (Green's function method) in the framework of linear wave potential theory. Special attention is paid to the numerical evaluation of the Green function for finite water depth; namely, an improper integral containing a singularity in the Green function is obtained by Gauss-Laguerre quadrature, and the ∫1 lr* ds term obtained is by numerical quadrature. Computational results of wave exciting forces, hydrodynamic coefficients, and motions of freely floating structures in shallow and deep water are compared with those obtained in the literature. Furthermore, the shallow-water effect on the motions of a large structure is examined.
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30

SANTIAGO, Mariana Ribeiro, Alceu Teixeira ROCHA, and Ana Paula Barbuy CRUZ. "MEDICINAL GREEN WAVE AND ITS REGULATION IN BRAZIL." Revista Juridica 2, no. 59 (April 12, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/revistajur.2316-753x.v2i59.4080.

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31

De Angelis, Marco, Arjan Stuiver, Federico Fraboni, Gabriele Prati, Víctor Marín Puchades, Filippo Fassina, Dick de Waard, and Luca Pietrantoni. "Green wave for cyclists: Users’ perception and preferences." Applied Ergonomics 76 (April 2019): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2018.12.008.

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32

Jiao, Jialong, and Songxing Huang. "CFD Simulation of Ship Seakeeping Performance and Slamming Loads in Bi-Directional Cross Wave." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050312.

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Accurate prediction of ship seakeeping performance in complex ocean environment is a fundamental requirement for ship design and actual operation in seaways. In this paper, an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver with overset grid technique was applied to estimate the seakeeping performance of an S175 containership operating in bi-directional cross waves. The cross wave is reproduced by linear superposition of two orthogonal regular waves in a rectangle numerical wave tank. The ship nonlinear motion responses, bow slamming loads, and green water on deck induced by cross wave with different control parameters such as wave length and wave heading angle are systemically analyzed. The results demonstrate that both vertical and transverse motion responses, as well as slamming pressure of ship induced by cross wave, can be quite large, and they are quite different from those in regular wave. Therefore, ship navigational safety when suffering cross waves should be further concerned.
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33

Liu, Tai-Ping, and Se Eun Noh. "Wave propagation for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations." Journal of Hyperbolic Differential Equations 12, no. 02 (June 2015): 385–445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219891615500113.

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We establish the pointwise description of solutions to the isentropic Navier–Stokes equations for compressible fluids in three spatial dimensions. First, we give an explicit construction of the Green function for the linearized system. The Green function consists of singular waves, which dominate the short-time behavior, while the low frequency waves, the dissipative Huygens, diffusion and Riesz waves representing the large-time behavior. The nonlinear terms are treated by a suitable combination of energy estimates and pointwise estimates using the Duhamel's principle for the Green function.
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34

Qu, Da-yi, Meng-fei Wan, Zi-lin Wang, Xiang-hua Xu, and Jin-zhan Wang. "Green Wave Coordinate Control Method for Arterial Traffic Based on Traffic Wave Theory." Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development (English Edition) 11, no. 4 (December 2017): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jhtrcq.0000597.

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35

Zhao, B. B., W. Y. Duan, R. C. Ertekin, and M. Hayatdavoodi. "High-level Green–Naghdi wave models for nonlinear wave transformation in three dimensions." Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy 1, no. 2 (November 25, 2014): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40722-014-0009-8.

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36

Cotter, C. J., D. D. Holm, and J. R. Percival. "The square root depth wave equations." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 466, no. 2124 (May 26, 2010): 3621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2010.0124.

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We introduce a set of coupled equations for multi-layer water waves that removes the ill-posedness of the multi-layer Green–Naghdi (MGN) equations in the presence of shear. The new well-posed equations are Hamiltonian and in the absence of imposed background shear, they retain the same travelling wave solutions as MGN. We call the new model the square root depth ( ) equations from the modified form of their kinetic energy of vertical motion. Our numerical results show how the equations model the effects of multi-layer wave propagation and interaction, with and without shear.
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37

Lianngenga, Rengsi, and Sanasam S. Singh. "Reflection of coupled dilatational and shear waves in the generalized micropolar thermoelastic materials." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 21-22 (February 19, 2020): 1948–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546320908705.

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The problem of wave propagation in the generalized theory of micropolar thermoelasticity under the Green–Lindsay model has been investigated. We have investigated the reflected dilatational and shear waves due to incident waves at a plane-free surface of generalized micropolar thermoelastic materials. The amplitude and energy ratios corresponding to the reflected coupled dilatational and coupled shear waves are derived using boundary conditions at the free surface. These ratios are also computed numerically for a particular model. Note that there are critical angles for the incident shear wave.
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38

Li, Yueqiu, Peijun Wei, and Changda Wang. "Propagation of thermoelastic waves across an interface with consideration of couple stress and second sound." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 24, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286517736999.

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The reflection and transmission of thermoelastic waves across an interface between two different couple stress solids are studied based on the thermoelastic Green–Naghdi theory with consideration of second sound. First, some thermodynamic equations of a couple stress elastic solid are formulated and the function of free energy density is postulated. Second, equations of thermal motion and heat conduction of the couple stress elasticity are derived and constitutive relations with thermoelastic coupled effects are obtained. From these equations, four kinds of dispersive waves, namely, thermal-mechanically coupled MT1 wave and MT2 wave, uncoupled SV wave, and an evanescent wave that becomes the surface waves at interface, are derived. Then, the interfacial conditions of couple stress elastic solids with consideration of force stress, couple stress, and thermal effects are used to determine the amplitude ratios of the reflection and transmission waves with respect to the incident wave. The numerical results are validated by consideration of energy conservation.
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39

Xu, Hong Yu, B. B. Xue, F. K. Cui, and X. Q. Wang. "Reflection and Refraction of Coupled Transverse and Micro-Rotational Wave at Interface between Two Micropolar Elastic Solid." Advanced Materials Research 670 (March 2013): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.670.193.

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Using the model of micropolar generalized magneto-thermo-elasticity, the coupled transverse and micro-rotational wave at an interface between two micropolar solid mediums is discussed in the presence of a constant magnetic field. The model can be applied to the coupled theory as well as to five generalizations: the Lord-Shulman theory with one relaxation time, the Green-Lindsay theory with two relaxation times, the Green-Naghdi theories of type II(without energy dissipation) and of type III, and the theory with dual-phase-lag. Using continuous conditions at the interface, the amplitude ratios of reflected and refracted longitudinal displacement waves, longitudinal micro-rotational waves and the coupled transverse and micro-rotational waves are studied for incident coupled transverse and micro-rotational wave. The effect of thermal relaxation is discussed for C-D theory, G-L theory and L-S theory. The numerical results show that the effects of thermal relaxation times are very significant on the amplitude ratios.
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40

Wu, Huiyu, Hui Liang, and Francis Noblesse. "Wave component in the Green function for diffraction radiation of regular water waves." Applied Ocean Research 81 (December 2018): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2018.10.006.

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41

Wist, Hanne Therese, Dag Myrhaug, and Håvard Rue. "Second Order Model for Wave Crests Used in Prediction of Green Water Load and Volume on Ships in Random Waves." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 128, no. 4 (October 24, 2005): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2241570.

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The probability that a wave crest in a random sea will exceed a specified height has long been recognized as important statistics in practical work, e.g., in predicting green water load and volume on a ship. Nonlinear probability density functions for predicting green water load and volume are presented. The models are based on the parametric model of Ogawa (2003, “Long-Term Prediction Method for the Green Water Load and Volume for an Assessment of the Load Line,” J. Marine Sci. Technol., 7, pp. 137–144) combined with transformation of a second order wave crest height model. The wave crest height model is obtained from second order wave theory for a narrow-banded sea state in combination with transformation of the Rayleigh distribution. Results from the second order models are compared with model tests of a cargo ship presented in Ogawa (2003, “Long-Term Prediction Method for the Green Water Load and Volume for an Assessment of the Load Line,” J. Marine Sci. Technol., 7, pp. 137–144) and the Ogawa models.
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42

Mills, Stephen L., and Harry G. Sperling. "Red/green opponency in the rhesus macaque ERG spectral sensitivity is reduced by bicuculline." Visual Neuroscience 5, no. 3 (September 1990): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800000286.

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AbstractSpectral-sensitivity curves were derived from the a−, b−, and d−waves of rhesus monkey ERGs after injection of bicuculline, strychnine, or no drug. Without drug injection, the a− and d−wave curves were well-fit by an additive model of weighted photoreceptor absorption spectra, while the b−wave curve requires inhibitory terms to produce an adequate fit. Bicuculline, but not strychnine, reduced the weight assigned to the inhibitory terms in a dose-dependent fashion, to the point that no inhibition was evident. The results suggest that GABAergic synapses are required for the expression of red/green color opponency in primate bipolar cells.
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43

POMPE, MANCA TEKAVČIČ, BRANKA STIRN KRANJC, and JELKA BRECELJ. "Visual evoked potentials to red-green stimulation in schoolchildren." Visual Neuroscience 23, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806233108.

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The aim is to study chromatic visual evoked potentials (VEP) to isoluminant red-green (R-G) stimulus in schoolchildren. Sixty children (7–19 years) with normal color vision were examined, 30 binocularly and 30 monocularly. The isoluminant point was determined for each child subjectively by using heterochromatic flicker photometry, and objectively from recordings. The stimulus was a 7° circle composed of horizontal sinusoidal gratings, with spatial frequency 2 cycles/degrees and 90% contrast, presented in onset-offset mode. VEP were recorded from Oz (mid-occipital) position. Age-dependent waveform changes and changes of the positive and negative wave were studied to both binocular and monocular R-G stimulation. Age-dependent waveform changes were observed to binocular and monocular R-G stimulation. In younger children the positive wave was prominent, whereas in older children also the negative wave became more evident. The latency of the positive wave decreased linearly with age to R-G binocular stimulation. To monocular stimulation no significant changes of the latency were observed. The amplitude of the positive wave dropped exponentially with age to binocular and monocular stimulation. The latency of the negative wave increased linearly with age to binocular and monocular stimulation, whereas the amplitude did not show age-dependent changes. These findings suggest that the chromatic VEP response undergoes evident age-dependent changes during the school-age period.
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44

Yang, Qinzheng, Odd M. Faltinsen, and Rong Zhao. "Green Function of Steady Motion in Finite Water Depth." Journal of Ship Research 50, no. 02 (June 1, 2006): 120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2006.50.2.120.

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The Green function associated with a steady translating source on a straight horizontal course in water with finite constant depth and infinite horizontal extent satisfying the classical free surface condition is studied by decomposing it into three parts: an array of Rankine singularities A, local disturbance D, and downstream wave part S. Each of the three parts is studied by several methods. This is used to verify the numerical scheme and find the most time-efficient procedure. The method of repeated averaging of partial sums for oscillating series is efficiently used to evaluate the infinite sum of Rankine singularities and the downstream wave part. The local disturbance needed in vertical force and pitch moment calculations is most demanding. The Green function is used in combination with thin ship theory to calculate wave resistance, vertical force, pitch moment, and far-field wash for a Wigley hull. The results are compared with Tuck's (1966) slender body theory for shallow water and experimental and theoretical results of wave resistance by Everest and Hogben (1970). The agreement is satisfactory. A shallow water wave resistance ratio r expressing the ratio between wave resistance in finite depth and infinite depth is introduced as an indirect way to minimize wash. It is demonstrated that a large influence of critical depth Froude number requires the ratio between fluid depth and ship length to be small.
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45

Kumar, Rajneesh. "Wave propagation in a microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Matematica 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 127–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auom-2015-0010.

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Abstract The present article deals with the two parts: (i) The propagation of plane waves in a microstretch thermoelastic diffusion solid of infinite extent. (ii) The reflection and transmission of plane waves at a plane interface between inviscid fluid half-space and micropolar thermoelastic diffusion solid half-space. It is found that for two-dimensional model, there exist four coupled longitudinal waves, that is, longitudinal displacement wave (LD), thermal wave (T), mass diffusion wave (MD) and longitudinal microstretch wave (LM) and two coupled transverse waves namely (CD-I and CD-II waves). The phase velocity, attenuation coefficient, specific loss and penetration depth are computed numerically and depicted graphically. In the second part, it is noticed that the amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves are functions of angle of incidence, frequency of incident wave and are influenced by the microstretch thermoelastic diffusion properties of the media. The expressions of amplitude ratios and energy ratios are obtained in closed form. The energy ratios have been computed numerically for a particular model. The variations of energy ratios with angle of incidence for thermoelastic diffusion media in the context of Lord-Shulman (L-S) [1] and Green-Lindsay (G-L) [2] theories are depicted graphically. Some particular cases are also deduced from the present investigation.
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46

Shuzhen Cui, Shuzhen Cui, Lei Zhang Lei Zhang, Huawei Jiang Huawei Jiang, and and Yan Feng and Yan Feng. "33 W continuous-wave single-frequency green laser by frequency doubling of a single-mode YDFA." Chinese Optics Letters 15, no. 4 (2017): 041402–41405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201715.041402.

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47

Jensen, Peter Schjeldahl. "On the Numerical Radiation Condition in the Steady-State Ship Wave Problem." Journal of Ship Research 31, no. 01 (March 1, 1987): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1987.31.1.14.

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The waves created by a thin ship sailing in calm water are examined. The velocity potential of the ship in the zero Froude number case is known and the additional potential due to the waves is calculated by the Green function technique. The simple Green function corresponding to the Rankine source potential is used here. Two major problems exist with this method. In the Neumann-Poisson boundary-value problem- probably the first iteration toward a full nonlinear solution to the ship wave problem _it is necessary to impose a radiation condition in order to get uniqueness. This problem is related to the second one, which arises due to the existence of eigensolutions. The two-dimensional situation is here analyzed first, thereby easing the three-dimensional analysis. A numerical scheme is constructed and results for the twodimensional waves generated by a submerged vortex and for the three-dimensional waves due to the Wigley hull are presented.
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48

Ertekin, R. C., and J. M. Becker. "Nonlinear Diffraction of Waves by a Submerged Shelf in Shallow Water." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 120, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829542.

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The diffraction of water waves by submerged obstacles in shallow water generally requires the use of a nonlinear theory since both dispersive and nonlinear effects are important. In this work, wave diffraction is studied in a numerical wave tank using the Level I Green-Naghdi (GN) equations. Cnoidal waves are generated numerically by a wave maker situated at one end of a two-dimensional numerical wave tank. At the downwave end of the tank, an open-boundary condition is implemented to simulate a wave-absorbing beach, and thus to reduce reflections. The GN equations are solved in the time-domain by employing a finite-difference method. The numerical method is applied to diffraction of cnoidal waves by a submerged shelf, or a sand bar, of considerable height relative to water depth. The predicted results are compared with the available experimental data which indicate the importance of nonlinearity for the shallow-water conditions.
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49

Lohmann, K., A. Swartz, and C. Lohmann. "Perception of ocean wave direction by sea turtles." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 1079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.5.1079.

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At the beginning of their offshore migration, hatchling sea turtles enter the ocean at night and establish a course away from land by swimming directly into oceanic waves. How turtles can detect wave direction while swimming under water in darkness, however, has not been explained. Objects in a water column beneath the surface of the ocean describe a circular movement as waves pass above. In principle, swimming turtles might, therefore, detect wave direction by monitoring the sequence of accelerations they experience under water. To determine whether loggerhead (Caretta caretta L.) and green turtle (Chelonia mydas L.) hatchlings can detect wave direction in this way, we constructed a wave motion simulator to reproduce in air the circular movements that occur beneath small ocean waves. Hatchlings suspended in air and subjected to movements that simulated waves approaching from their right sides attempted to turn right, whereas movements that simulated waves from the left elicited left-turning behavior. Movements simulating waves from directly in front of the turtles elicited little turning in either direction. The results demonstrate that hatchling sea turtles can determine the propagation direction of ocean waves by monitoring the circular movements that occur as waves pass above. Although sea turtles are the first animals shown to be capable of detecting wave direction in this way, such an orientation mechanism may be widespread among other transoceanic migrants such as fish and cetaceans.
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50

Chandrasekaran, Srinivasan, Deepak C. Raphel, and Sai Shree. "Deep ocean wave energy systems (DOWES): experimental investigations." Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 11, no. 2 (December 24, 2014): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v11i2.18420.

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Deep water offshore structures have access to very powerful ocean waves by virtue of their location and site condition. Should the energy possessed by these waves be harnessed, it can be one of the popular green energy systems. Present study aims at the design and development of a new device that can be fitted on an offshore semisubmersible platform and can produce electricity to meet their operational energy demands partially. Few wave energy devices are developed in the recent past; Common idea in all such devices is that they harness heave, or surge energy of the wave. In the present study, heave energy of the buoy is converted to mechanical work by deploying hydraulic cylinders and a motor. The generated power from the waves shall be primarily utilized in the semi-submersible platform for deep sea mining application.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v11i2.18420
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