Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Greene (Ship)'

This work presents a study of the vernacular boats of modern Greece. A new typology of boats is offered, and an account is given of tools and boatyard practice, design and construction techniques. Evidence for these subjects is drawn from field surveys, museum collections, iconographic studies, and interviews with old boatbuilders. Although most of the information presented comes from the first half of the 20th century, background information from the 18th and 19th centuries is also covered. This longer historical perspective is particularly important in making comparisons between 20th century practices and the boatbuilding techniques of the past. There is evidence for the existence of two main periods of technical change in the industry, namely, the late 18th century, when new methods such as lofting were introduced, and the late 19th century, when changes in the wider shipbuilding industry initiated a process of decline in vernacular boatbuilding. At the same time however, a number of older techniques, for example certain moulding methods, survived at least into the first part of the 20th century. This work offers new insights into the design methods involved in the control of hull-form during "skeletonfirst" boatbuilding from the last two hundred years. It also offers an analysis of the structural integrity and strength of vernacular boats and shows how the structure of boats has evolved across time to incorporate new techniques and changes in boat function.

This thesis examines how small green Swedish farm shops are using green marketing and why customers are buying from small green farm shops. To examine this, two farm shops were chosen based on specific criteria; Gudmundsgården and Skrea Ost. The owners were interviewed about their marketing strategies and a questionnaire were handed out to their customers, regarding their attitudes towards green products and farm shops, in order to collect data from two perspectives and compare the farm shops’ perspective to the customers’ perspective. Both interviews resulted in similarities and differences between the farm shops regarding different marketing strategies and approaches, where customer relationships were the most important one. From the customers’ perspective, it was concluded that if a product was considered green, the green customers did not care much about the location of the farm shop or the price of the product. They are willing to drive further and pay more if they know that there are no additives in the product and that it has lower environmental harm. The research contributes with new knowledge about small green farm shops in Sweden, their marketing strategies and the importance of relationships.

Traditional naval vessels with steel structures have the benefit of large safety factors and a distinct material endurance limit. However, as performance requirements and budget constraints rise, the demand for lighter weight vessels increases. Reducing the mass of vessels is commonly achieved by the use of aluminum or composite structures, which requires closer attention to be paid to crack initiation and propagation. It is rarely feasible to require a lengthy inspection process that removes the vessel from service for an extended amount of time. Structural health monitoring (SHM), involving continuous measurement of the structural response to an energy source, has been proposed as a step towards condition-based maintenance. Furthermore, using a passive monitoring system with an array of sensors has several advantages: monitoring can take place in real-time using only ambient noise vibrations and neither deployment of an active source nor visual access to the inspected areas are required. Passive SHM on a naval vessel is not without challenge. The structures of ships are typically geometrically complex, causing scattering, multiple reflections, and mode conversion of the propagating waves in the vessel. And rather than a distinct and predictable input produced by controlled active sources, the vibration sources are hull impacts, smaller waves, and even onboard machinery and activity. This research summarizes findings from data collected onboard a Navy vessel and presents recommendations data processing techniques. The intent is to present a robust method of passive structural health monitoring for such a vessel using only ambient vibrations recordings.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print copy also available.

Aim: The purpose of the study is to investigate how a company blends its greenness sense into their marketing mix and marketing strategy and the response from the customers toward corresponding aspects.   Method: A case study was adopted. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were constructed, in which face-to-face interview and questionnaires were used to collect the fundamental data.    Result & Conclusions: The Company has completely involved greenness into their marketing strategies. However, not many consumers are aware of it. The quality of the product, the price and the popularity of the brand still the most important influence factor in their purchase decision-making.    Suggestions for future research: A further study can be put on a research about how to gain advantages, such as customers’ loyalty and trust, by improving their green strategy.   Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes to enhancing the understanding of the combination of the 4Ps of marketing and green marketing. Furthermore, the findings have improved our knowledge of the consumers’ attitude toward their strategies.   Paper type Case study/ Research paper

One of the goals of the Department of the Navys (DON) alternative energy initiative is to reduce the Navys dependence on fossil fuel. This project uses DOTMLPF criteria to measure the impact of biofuel use on the Surface Fleet. It provides analysis and recommendations for using replacement drop-in biofuels onboard surface ships based on materiel, maintenance, training, infrastructure, logistics, policy, and cost implications.

Sustainability is a topic paying a visit to most industries today and the fashion business is no exception.The development of eco-efficient stores is one of the efforts carried out by Inditex Group with the aim to adopt sustainability into its practices. Such stores distinguish themselves for saving electricity, water and by greatly reducing the amount of CO2 that is yearly produced. The concept was initiated with the Zara brand but it will be introduced to the other six brands that integrate Inditex as well. However, despite the reduction in the carbon footprint it cannot be denied that the fast fashion business model creates a paradox in terms of sustainability.The following is a case study on the Zara Rome eco-efficient store. Being a store benchmark in Europe, it explores how the sustainability concept is communicated through this model and if the identified paradox is addressed. To do so, the study analyzes the external, internal and interactive marketing of the eco-shop based on the service marketing triangle theory and the Mehrabian-Russell stimulus-response model used in visual merchandising. Participant observation on site and a content analysis of relevant documents were carried out as research methods in order to find the messages emitted on each side of the triangle.The analysis shows that the paradox in the Zara eco-shops is not being handled at the customer level, though it is being handled at internal and external levels. As a conclusion, the eco-shops effort is part of a sustainability strategy with long term perspective and it will be addressed at customer level when the company as a whole counts with a more sustainable brand identity. Additionally suggestions are offered to potentialize the communication of sustainability in an eco-shop.
Program: Master in Fashion Management with specialisation in Fashion Marketing and Retailing

Escalonamento de processos é um tipo de problema de otimização combinatória no qual devemos alocar máquinas à tarefas por períodos específicos de tempo. A literatura contém diversos estudos propondo técnicas para resolver modelos de escalonamento de processos como o job shop e o open shop. Esses modelos permitem que os passos no processo produtivo sejam ou completamente ordenados ou sem ordenação alguma. Com o aumento da complexidade das aplicações industriais no encontramos, mais recentemente, diversos trabalhos que propõe problemas de escalonamento de processos mais gerais para modelar mais precisamente os processos produtivos. O mixed shop, group shop e partial shop são exemplos de tais modelos. Nesse trabalho nós propomos uma busca tabu iterada para o partial shop, que é um modelo geral que inclui diversos modelos mais restritivos. Os componentes novos mais importantes da técnica são o gerador de solução inicial, a vizinhança e o limite inferior para a vizinhança. Em experimentos computacionais nós conseguimos demonstrar que a heurística genérica e única é capaz de competir, e as vezes superar, as técnicas de estado de arte desenvolvidas especificamente para partial, open, mixed e group shop. Algumas vezes uma máquina é o gargalo de um processo produtivo, e é replicada. Na literatura o caso das máquinas paralelas foi incluído em diversas extensões de problemas de escalonamento de processos. Nessa tese nós também propomos uma técnica para escalonar as máquinas paralelas, sem incluí-las explicitamente na representação do problema. Nós usamos técnicas gerais para os casos sem máquinas paralelas para produzir uma busca heurística tabu rápida, e estado da arte, para o caso do job shop com máquinas paralelas.
Shop scheduling is a combinatorial optimization type of problem in which we must allocate machines to jobs for specific periods time. A set of constraints defines which schedules are valid, and we must select one that minimizes or maximizes an objective function. In this work we use the makespan, which is the time the last job finishes. The literature contains several studies proposing techniques to solve shop problems such as the job shop and open shop. These problems allow the steps of the production processes to be either fully ordered or not ordered at all. With increasing complexity and size of industrial applications we find, more recently, several works which propose more general shop problems to model the production processes more accurately. The mixed shop, group shop and partial shop are examples of such problems In this work we propose an iterated tabu search for the partial shop, which is a general problem and includes several other more restrictive shop problems. The most important novel components of the solver are the initial solution generator, the neighbourhood, and the lower bound for the neighbourhood. In computational experiments we were able to show that the general partial shop solver is able to compete with, and sometimes surpass, the state-of-the-art solvers developed specifically for the partial, open, mixed and group shops. Sometimes a machine is a bottleneck in the production process, and is replicated. In the literature the parallel machines case has being included in several extensions of shop problems. In this thesis we also propose a technique to schedule the parallel machines heuristically, without including them explicitly in the representation of the problem. We use general techniques for the non-parallel machine cases to produce a fast tabu search heuristic results for the job shop with parallel machines.

Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis grapples with the one particular case: the unsuccessful draft Solar Water Heater By-law in the City of Cape Town. The case is framed by the question why the by-law initiative did not take off. The choce behind this initiative was informed by the hope that the answer would help in understanding climate change governance in the municipal setting in particular. Essentially, the desire is to gain an appreciation of how such initiatives should be undertaken in settings such as these. Networked governance literatures of Rhodes et al, literatures on power in the Foucaldian and Weberian traditions, implementation theories and literatures on municipal climate change governance all aided in reaching findings to the question posed. Through the engagement with the literature in combination with the analysis of the empirical data, a hypothesis in answer to this question was generated. In the context of the City of Cape Town, the complexities of both power and governance were confirmed. There is a tapestry of networks and nodes interacting with each other in this context. Each network and node has its own peculiarities, which in combination create a delicate regulatory environment. Such policy environment requires strategic action. Ultimately, in line with the hypothesis, it has been found that if one wants to drive a policy initiative, one needs to understand both the complexities and power, and the context of the policy regime within which one works. This, however, though necessary, is not sufficient. In addition, one must formulate a strategy of implementation that fits this context, if one wishes to be successful in seeing the policy through to implementation.

Dans le cadre de cette thèse en archéologie grecque, j’ai entrepris de travailler sur l’organisation du commerce maritime grec en Méditerranée orientale et en mer Noire aux Vème et IVème s. av. J.-C., et principalement sur la nature et l'intensité des échanges qui s'opéraient dans cette partie de la Méditerranée à l'époque. Pour mener à bien mon travail, j'ai constitué un nouveau catalogue des épaves grecques que j'ai ensuite confronté aux sources textuelles, épigraphiques, et archéologiques existantes. L'étude attentive des cargaisons des bateaux à laquelle je me livre participe à une meilleure compréhension des acteurs commerciaux de l'époque, des réseaux d'échanges et surtout du véritable rôle joué par Athènes
In this present thesis concerning Greek Archaeology, I undertook to work on the organization of Greek maritime commerce in Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea during the 5th and 4th century BC. I worked mostly on the trade's nature and intensity occurring in this part of the Mediteranean in this time. In order to carry out my work properly, I established a new catalog of greek shipwrecks, that I then confront with textual, epigraphic and archaeological sources. The careful study of the ship's cargo takes part in a better understanding of the commercial actors, trading network and above all of the importance of Athens at this time

This thesis describes a design of a travel agency headquarters building. It is a four storey building without a basement made of longitudinal cast-in-place concrete frame system. The building is roofed with non-walkable flat roof and two terraces. Two flats are located in the facility in addition to offices, a café, a shop, a tour saleroom, a small storage, a departure waiting room and other facilities providing quality operation of a travel agency. The land on which the building is located is designed as a car park and parking areas for smooth departure of the travel agency clients.

The thesis BIKEZONE.cz - bike shop with residential units is processed in the form of project dokumenmtace containing all the elements in accordance with applicable regulations. The proposed facility is on a plot number 182/1, Prague. The building has four floors. There are vending establishment with administrative facilities and three deluxe units. The structural system is made of limestone blocks, prestressed concrete ceiling panels, flat green roof with extensive cultivation and vertical gardens on the facade.

The subject of this thesis is a new mixed-use building in the Brno part of Zábrdovice. The building will have one basement and six above-ground floors. In the ground floor will be located store and service of the bicycles and on the first floor there will be smaller space for rent. On the first to five floor there will be eleven flats. The main entrance to the building is designed from the southwest side of Koliště street. In the plot there will be a parking lock system for eleven cars. The access road to the parcel is from the east side. The mixed-use building is designed from a wall structural system. The basement will be made of monolithic reinforced concrete walls, and above-ground floors will be made of clay blocks. The floor structure will be made of cast-in-place reinforced slab. The mixed-use building will be warm flat green roof with extensive greenery.

The diploma thesis deals with the design and elaboration process of project documentation of newly-built multi-purpose building in Sturovo. The building is designed as a three-storey building with a partial fourth storey. A footprint of the building is created by the irregular shape of the letter „L“ with an angle of 110 °. The building is roofed with a warm flat roof. The roof above the third storey is designed as a walkable flat roof divided in a green roof part and part with concrete paving. Spatial zoning of the building consists of three main spaces. There is a bookstore zone and coffee shop situated on the ground floor. The second and third floor is designed for administrative spaces. Premises of the second floor are designed as an activity-based office with open spaces. Third floor focus on closed offices. The meeting rooms, chill-out zones, break rooms with kitchenettes are available in both of them. Technical facilities and utility rooms are situated also on the ground floor. There is a room with kitchenette, storage rooms and utility rooms in the fourth ground. Public zones of building and administrative zones are accessible. The structural system of a building is designed as a cast-in-place reinforced concrete frame in a combination with a shear core. Ceilings consist of cast-in-place beam-supported reinforced concrete one-way slab. The structure is based on foundation pads and strip foundations. infill wall is made of vertically perforated blocks. Exterior walls and insulated with ventilated facades system.

The area is located in the north part of Brno (Řečkovice a Mokrá Hora) and is surrounded by a housing estate. To the south of this area is a complex of former barracks. In our project we propose to use the area as a residential district with public amenities. Sports ground and the park are included. Currently there are terraced houses and separated family houses. We especially use low-floor blocks of houses with no more than four floors. Orientation of the blocks corresponds with the fact that this area is on the north slope. Family houses with gardens are situated on the east side of the area. The area is accessible from the Žilkova street (on the east) and from the Terezy Novákové street (on the west) – buildings on this street make a noise barrier. The square of our area is next to this street and represents a public place with public amenities (for example a retirement house and a school of art), underground car park and a pedestrian precint leading to the park. A tram stop is nearby. Sports ground and the park are situated in the north part of the area. In the central part we find the kindergarten. Underground car parks for the residents are under the blocks and its courtyards.

碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
104
With the economic growth in Thailand in the recent year, Thai people have enough money to concern about the healthy product. Now a day, in Bangkok, Thai people are now aware more on organic food, as consequence, there are a lot of organic food shop opening. Therefore, this is a good time to extend the organic line of product to some products that will give them a better health like natural detergent, soap, shampoo, etc. Green Life will be the retail shop, located in Sukumvit in Bangkok, that sell the natural product or organic products such as shampoo, soap, detergent, etc. We will focus more on the daily use products, instead of focus on selling food or raw foods ingredient. We will bring the international brands from all around the world to sell in Bangkok helping the customers in Thailand be easier to access these healthy products. We plan to bring 9 brands including Dr.oraganic, odylique, O'right, Natu, John master, LUSH, Palmer's, ECOS, and Greenshield, in total of 82 products. Our target is the middle income people in Thailand. With the initial investment of 5,808,550 THB without any debt, we expected the payback period of 1.5 years. Our gross margin would be approximately 15% in the third year. If the first shop works well, we would consider opening new shop, bringing more brand or products to our shop, and buying license from the brand and manufacturing in Thailand.

碩士
淡江大學
管理科學研究所企業經營碩士在職專班
99
With increasing global warming and climate change in recent years, environmental protection has become an important and urgent issue. With many celebrities supporting the initiative, environmental issues are getting much more attention. Currently the concept of green shops to promote environmental awareness and carbon reduction ideas has been introduced in Taiwan. This study investigates whether green shops and a green environment are consistent with each other, thereby affecting its green brand equity. This study uses the three constructs of the SOR model (stimulus-organism-response), trying to see whether ambient congruence with green environment and social influence constructs are connected to the consumer’s perceived risk and green brand trust and also to track if perceived risk and green brand trust can affect green brand equity. This research tested the construct validity and reliability through confirmatory factor analysis and applied structural equation modeling to examine the research framework. The final research results reveal ambient congruence with a green environment doesn’t directly influence the perceived risk and green trust statistically, and social influence that is significantly positive affects green trust and perceived risk. Both green trust and perceived risk significantly affect the consumer-based green brand equity of green shops.

This dissertation is rooted in one general question: what can the wood from ships reveal about the people and cultures who built them? Shipwrecks are only the last chapter of a complex story, and while the last fifty years of nautical archaeology have managed to rewrite a number of these chapters, much of the information unrelated to a ship’s final voyage remains a mystery. However, portions of that mystery can be exposed by an examination of the timbers. An approach for the cultural investigation of ship timbers is presented and attempts are made to establish the most reliable information possible from the largely unheralded treasures of underwater excavations: timbers. By introducing the written record, iconographic record, and the social, economic, and political factors to the archaeological record a more complete analysis of the cultural implications of ship and boat timbers is possible. I test the effectiveness of the approach in three varied casestudies to demonstrate its limits and usefulness: ancient Egypt’s Middle Kingdom, the Mediterranean under Athenian influence, and Portugal and the Iberian Peninsula during the Discoveries. The results of these studies demonstrate how ship timbers can be studied in order to better understand the people who built the vessels.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
運輸科學系
104
In the recent decades, the average global temperature has been observed to rise gradually. The impact of global warming on the Earth intensifies increasingly. Maritime transportation is a major transportation mode of global logistics. Ports play a key role in maritime transportation. A large number of ship activities occurs inside ports, such as container loading, unloading, handling etc. Inevitably, these ship activities produce a large of quantity of pollution in ports. Many countries gradually pay attention to ship emissions monitoring, control and assessment. This research combines Geographic Information System (GIS), Automatic Identification System (AIS), and Fuzzy Theory with port air pollutant emissions inventory to construct two effective monitoring and assessment tools. First, an environmental impact indicator is developed by applying Fuzzy Theoryto monitor the real-time influence of the ship emissions on the environment in a port. Second, a ship emissions estimation model is used to analyze ship emissions in various scenarios for carbon reduction plans. The scenario simulation provides useful information for port managers’ decision making.

The purpose of this document is to present innovative business plan in the field of vegetarianism which is rapidly growing and currently underdeveloped market in Latvia. The idea of family business is to create vegetarian lifestyle online shop with the goal to provide wide range of vegetarian products, inspire in vegetarian cooking, help in meeting other vegetarians as well as inform and give advices about vegetarian lifestyle in Latvia. The methodology used in development of this business plan is the analysis of historical roots of vegetarianism, research about latest trends in customers’ lifestyles and eating and shopping habits under the influence of current economic crisis situation. Research also explores main reasons for people becoming vegetarian. For acquiring more specific and local trends about vegetarianism - online survey was performed with more than 350 vegetarian respondents. The analysis of data and the conclusions drawn about eating and shopping habits of Latvian vegetarians were applied in different business development tools – PESTS, TOWS, IFE, EFE matrixes as well as 7P’s marketing mix – in order to determine main target audience, product assortment, price level, corporate and business strategies as well as marketing techniques of the vegetarian online shop. According to the results of the analysis the intense growth and focus strategies were chosen for the company’s development. The positioning – highly interactive provider of wide range of vegetarian products. As a final point, implementation procedures and financial perspective is presented with positive NPV and IRR ratio highly exceeding discount rate which proves that business plan is financially beneficial.
O propósito deste documento é apresentar um plano de negócio inovador no campo do vegetarianismo o qual está em rápido crescimento e o seu mercado, actualmente, ainda em desenvolvimento na Letónia. A ideia de negócio de família é de criar uma loja de estilo de vida vegetariano online com o objectivo de disponibilizar uma ampla gama de produtos vegetarianos, inspirado na culinária vegetariana, apoio para conhecer outros vegetarianos assim como informar e dar conselhos sobre o estilo de vida vegetariano na Letónia. A metodologia usada no desenvolvimento deste plano de negócio é a análise das raízes históricas do vegetarianismo, pesquisa sobre as últimas tendências de estilos de vida, dos hábitos alimentares e de consumo dos clientes, sob a influência da actual situação de crise económica no mundo e também na Letónia. A pesquisa também explora, as principais razões, pelas quais, as pessoas se tornam vegetarianas. Para obter mais informações relativas a tendências locais e específicas sobre o vegetarianismo - foram realizadas sondagens online a mais de 350 vegetarianos. A análise dos dados e das conclusões retiradas sobre os hábitos alimentares e de consumo dos Letões vegetarianos foi aplicada em ferramentas de desenvolvimento – matrizes PEST, TOWS, IFE, EFE assim como os 7 P´s do marketing mix – com ordem a determinar o principal público-alvo, selecção de produto, nível de preço, estratégias empresariais e de negócio, assim como técnicas de marketing da loja vegetariana online. De acordo com os resultados da análise, o intenso crescimento e as estratégias focalizadas foram escolhidas para o desenvolvimento da empresa. O posicionamento - fornecedor altamente interactivo de uma ampla gama de produtos vegetarianos. Como etapa final, procedimentos de implementação e perspectiva financeira são apresentados com NPV positivo e o rácio IRR excedendo largamente os valores de desconto que provam que o plano de negócio é financeiramente vantajoso.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
海洋研究所
106
This study examines different configurations of acoustic array using moving ship tomography (MST) for mapping the Kuroshio-induced current wakes in the lee of Green Island southeast of Taiwan. The acoustic tomographic array consists of six acoustic transceivers; each transceiver can be either moored at one position or towed by a moving ship. Synthetic tomographic experiments using the ocean current output from Massachusetts Institute of Technology General-Circulation-Model are performed in a region of 8X8 km2 for two configurations: six moored transceivers and five moored transceivers with one ship-towed transceiver. Different spatial configurations of the moored transceivers are considered. Except for the configurations of six moored transceivers, the ship moves around the periphery of the study region. To evaluate the effectiveness of different array configurations for map- ping the three-dimensional (3D) current wakes, the potential configurations are selected from those spatial configurations considered in the two-dimensional (2D) ocean environment. Prior to conducting the 2D/3D tomographic reconstructions, isotropic Gaussian functions with different RMS lengths are used to assess the resolution of each array configuration. Compared with the traditional tomographic arrays of only moored transceivers, the current reconstructions using the MST show a reduction in residual error from 13% to 6%. Both MST arrays and the six moored transceivers are examined for the 3D inversions. To increase the number of acoustic eigenrays between the transceivers, the depth of the transceiver is selected according to the bathymetry. The water column is discretized into seven layers with a thickness of 400 m. From the 3D results, the optimum reconstruction is observed in the 3rd layer, and the reconstruction error using the MST is reduced to 10% compared with 17% observed using the traditional tomographic array. This simulation study can provide the design of the tomographic array for the field measurements near Green Island.

碩士
淡江大學
未來學研究所碩士班
98
Abstract: The purpose of this study is green marketing, the study investigates how consumers’ environmental attitudes affect their willingness to buy the green coffee, and it uses altruistic values to interfere with the operation process. The study had collected 600 samples of questionnaire, the valuable samples are 577. The mythologies are included: (1) To analyze the demographic background variables by descriptive statistical analysis. (2) To investigate the variables by ANOVA analysis. (3) To analyze the how altruistic values to interfere with the relation between green marketing and customers’ environmental attitudes by multiple regression analysis. (4) To analyze the future of green marketing by scenarios. The result indicates that: (1) The green marketing customers’ environmental attitudes, green coffee customers’ purchase intention and altruistic values are no significant effect on different demographic background variables. (2) The altruistic values to interfere with the relation between green marketing and customers’ environmental are significant effect. (3) The green marketing and consumers’ environmental attitudes are significant effect. (4) The altruistic values to interfere with the relation between green marketing, balance of nature and limits to growth are significant effect.(5) The consumers’ purchase intention, balance of nature and limits to growth are significant effect.(6) The consumers’ environmental attitudes and consumers’ purchase intention are significant effect.

碩士
中原大學
建築學系
89
Ever since the Industrial Revolution, human beings never stop plundering the nature''s resource to satisfy their desire for material substance. Until the late 20th century, by suffering from the calamity of the deteriorated natural environment, humans became aware of the importance of harmony and mutuality between humans and the environment, then begin plunging into the relevant studies. Therefore, we can make an assertion that "Paragensis Ecological Environment" will be the most significant issue of this century. This thesis mainly targets the urban, a place where humans highly gathered. Beginning from the ecological point, learning from the environment, and applying the function and role of nature to the urban planning, to improve the worsening environmental problems. Hence, moving toward to the goal of sustainable developing. This thesis composes of two sections as follows: The first section is theory and tool constitution. First, let us compare the urban to a complex ecological system and build up an integrated ecological system framework from the decomposition of the ecological meaning and the generalization of the environmental impact factors. The framework includes circulation relation, life relation, maintaining system, environment planning, land usage, transportation system, open space, community mutuality, architectural planning, and human ecology livelihood. Next, through the related research, discussion, and categorization of concepts, we bring up the new thinking of eco-urban base to break up the confusion of the traditional main stream thinking system. Moreover, it refers to the basic claim and action strategy of the eco-urban. Finally, after the construction of a series of the universal pattern, the study will become the formula for the eco-urban development of the new century.。 The second section is the designing practice. Through the eco-urban designing of Chiao-Shi, we join the eco-urban theory to its application. By presenting the concept of sustainable city through"Green Town" model, we can take this example to be our reminder of the future sustainable urban design.

碩士
中國文化大學
生活應用科學系
104
In recent years, cafe shop can be found filling every place where the public going to the coffee shop may become an indispensable part of people's leisure life. To enjoy the pleasant atmosphere has been deemed to be a very important consideration. cafe shop combines with environmental atmosphere has to take into account the ability to provide consumers to feel the good atmosphere in receiving the exotic style, which may affect customers' pleasure and enjoyment, and the cafe shop overall images and existence. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the indicators that can be used for evaluating coffee shop green environmental atmosphere, and the Delphi Method is employed to collect experts opinions. Finally, from 15 experts of 40 candidate indicators are selected after three rounds of the Delphi Method. The major findings are highlighted below: 1. Auditory atmosphere, the highest average index for " Green cafe shop staff greet and talk in a gentle manner" the average 4.6 points. 2. The importance of visual environment for the highest score index for "Green cafe shop tables and chairs suitable for wood materials" the averages 4.9 points. 3.The importance of tactile atmosphere for the highest score indicators to "Green coffee shop for the window makes the air circulation", the average 4.8 points. 4. The importance of gustatory atmosphere for the highest score indicators to "Green coffee shop suit to have coffee aroma"the average 4.9 points. 5. The importance of gustatory atmosphere for the highest score indicators to "Green cafe shop for fresh food-based"the average 4.9 points. According to the above results suggest that relevant manufacturers can use this research to design 40 related indicators, used in cafe shop, giving customers not the same atmosphere.

Yes
Technological systems are not merely designed with a narrow function in mind. Good designs typically aim at reducing operational costs, e.g. through achieving high energy efficiency and improved dependability (i.e. reliability, availability and maintainability). When there is a choice of alternative design options that perform the same function, it makes sense to compare alternatives so that the variant that minimises operational costs can be selected. In this paper, we examine this issue in the context of the design of Waste Heat Recovery Systems (WHRS) for main engines of large commercial freight vessels. We propose a method that can predict the operational cost of a WHRS via thermodynamic analysis which shows costs related to energy utilisation, and dependability analysis which shows costs related to system unavailability and repair. Our approach builds on recent advances in thermodynamic simulation and compositional dependability analysis techniques. It is a model-based approach, and allows reuse of component libraries, and a high degree of automation which simplify application of the method. Our case study shows that alternative designs can be explored in fast iterations of this method, and that this facilitates the evidence-based selection of a design that minimises operational costs.

Theatre is an art form that combines the art of storytelling with the visual arts. Every production begins with a blank canvas, and it is up to the director and a team of designers to discuss concepts and decide on an artistic vision for the piece. Skilled artisans work quickly as a team to produce the vision of the designer and director. During the production process waste is generated in the scene shop, props shop, costume shop, and rehearsal space. The products that are used to create the design can often contain harmful ingredients for both the artisan and the environment. No longer willing to ignore the responsibility that theatres have as stewards to the environment many artisans are leading the way by exploring safer practices and products. The research for this thesis is focused on the theatrical costume shop and examines dry cleaning, fabric painting and dyeing, and waste disposal. Alternatives to regular dry cleaning practices and commonly used and otherwise toxic products are available for a variety of processes we use in the theatre. For this study I conducted one hundred and sixty five surveys, ten interviews and a quality test amongst the dry cleaning alternatives in Austin, Texas. Three sets of seven different fabric samples were cleaned using the standard solvent and the alternative methods for dry cleaning. Four professional dyers and painters were interviewed about their dyeing process, disposal practices, and the impact that “green” products have on their work. I spoke with two experts working in wastewater about the impact dyes and paints have on wastewater treatment plants. Finally, I conducted an anonymous survey in 2010 to find out what new products or methods are in use amongst costume shop managers, dyers and painters, and production managers.
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碩士
中原大學
建築研究所
90
After the industry revolution ,the human being always hold a concept of environment that man will triumph over nature for a long time .And it makes the main stream value of economic trading system keep overriding the care of ecological environment. In Taiwan,our economics grows rapidly and the industrial business property are developed vigorous from the beginning of R.O.C.. Under the background of the whole times ,the changes of ecological environment also replaced from nature to artificial, and developed behavior replaced the current environment ,the pounce on nature again after being beaten off step by step .People still haven’t be awaken by the importance of paragenesis ecological until now. The research is focus on the 1250 hectare land development case of Pu-Yu plan and the community planner system in Hsin-Chu county. They use the concept of gather village to do a hypothesize operation in specified extent and they try to find a starting point from the original power of community construction to connect with large scale of work out system. Different from the past government plan assignment, they expect to build a plan system based on the life of resident and paragenesis ecological under the current background construction. The research background are mainly divided into three premise of research to do a deep analysis : residential life, paragenesis ecological and the truely locality. The first part of research contents is using the research one himself to record local ”people” pattern in practical participated observation way and try to provide the imagination of large scale plan construction to build the follow-up operation system .The second part is using the hypothesized plan way to operate the countryside land by the station of current Pu-Yu plan. Furthermore, they use the community operation mode by community planner to discuss the real practical possibilities. The final submission part is bring tactical operation method into the whole plan and develop the ecological environment value of new era emphatically ,creating a paragenesis ecological by nature ecology and humane social system.

碩士
中國文化大學
觀光事業學系觀光休閒事業管理碩士在職專班
104
With the rapid growth of the global population and economy, it has been booming the consumption of the earth's resources and undermining the balance of the ecological environment. Under the trend of green economy and the enhancement of pro-environmental awareness in the world, the concept of green consumption will dominate the economic activity in the future. This study focuses on customers’ awareness regarding experience value, which includes aesthetics, fun, consumer return on investment and service excellence, and green purchase intention. Moreover, this study concerns pro-environmental behavior and price sensitivity as moderators. However, prior literatures and analysis fail to clarify the relationship of these variables. There are still some points need to be specified the correlation and influence among those variables in the further study. In this study, 500 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the customers in fair- trade coffee shop ;450 copies were collected,and 408 copies are valid. A total of 408 copies of valid questionnaires has collected after deleting invalid questionnaires 42. The effective sample rate was 91%. The results confirm the influence of the subjects’ ecological affect: 1. Experience Value Aesthetics, fun, Consumer Return on Investment and Service Excellence and Green Purchase Intention are positive effects of customers purchase will; however the interference variable. 2. There is no direct influence between environmental concern and experience value aesthetics and fun. Meanwhile, environmental concern played the forward role of experience value consumer return on Investment and played the negative role of experience value service excellence. 3. Price sensitivity has no significant impact on experience value aesthetics and service excellence. Nevertheless, price sensitivity has negative impact on experience value fun, and has positive impact on esxperience value consumer return on investment. Finally, based on the result of the findings and conslusions, and then offer some suggestions for management and the further research.

碩士
實踐大學
企業管理學系碩士班
104
Environmental issues has been taking seriously since 1990 when the emergence of green marketing, and it has been incorporated into marketing strategy. As a society becomes more concerned with the natural environment, companies start to implement and adjust their strategy to meet consumers need. According to Annk. & Archie (2014), it indicated that managers have begun to deal with social and ethical concerns and integrate traditional economic and financial considerations with ethical and social considerations during last decades. Thus, products are gradually designed and constructed to be less waste and damage to the environment and society. In 1976, The Body Shop, a retailer of natural-based and ethically produced beauty and cosmetics enterprise is established, and it has been regarding as one of the pioneers modern corporate social responsibility business. In 2014, the performance of The Body Shop in Taiwan executed more successful comparing to other Asian countries. Three main advantages is possessed in Taiwan, they are: the largest number of fans, the second highest growth rate and the highest score toward users. It indicated that green organization played an important role in Taiwan, and consumers will be affected by the company strategy. The aim of the research attempts to figure out the correlation between green marketing, consumer involvement and purchase intention. The Body Shop is adopted as the research case, and quantitative analysis is used as the primary approach to analyze data. Questionnaire is the main way to collect consumer response, total of 520 questionnaire were issued, while 504 questionnaires has been collected after the deduction of invalid ones. Six consequences are discovered: 1.Green marketing has a positive influence on purchase intention. 2.Green product has a significant influence on consumer purchase intention. 3.Green price has a significant influence on consumer purchase intention. 4.Green place has a significant influence on consumer purchase intention. 5.Green promotion has a significant influence on consumer purchase intention. 6.Consumer involvement has a significant effect between green marketing and consumer purchase intention.

碩士
僑光科技大學
企業管理研究所
106
In recent years, with the increasing global warming, environmental care and protection have become an important issue. Environmental protection can begin with the reuse of resources. Therefore, the reuse of second-hand goods can reduce the waste of resources. Based on the theory of planned behaviors, this study uses "second-hand goods and green stores" as examples to explore the links between environmental care, green shop identity, attitudes, subjective norms, perceptual behavior control, and purchase intentions to facilitate sampling for valid questionnaires. And analyzed by SPSS statistical software. The empirical results show that: 1. “Environmental Care” has a significant positive impact on “Green Store Identity” 2. “Green Store Identity” versus “Attitude” and “Subjective Specification” and “ "Perceived behavioral control" has a significant positive effect; 3. "Attitude," "subjective norms," and "perceived behavioral control" have a significant positive effect on "purchase of purchase." Finally, it proposes to make reference for second-hand commodity management practice and academic related research.

碩士
朝陽科技大學
企業管理系碩士班
99
Today twenty-first century society, whether government, schools, businesses and even to the family, are all a lot of emphasis on production, consumption and must take into account environmental protection, so many companies to establish a service-oriented demands of environmental protection, and create a corporate public image , and guide consumers to join the mainstream of green consumption, in addition to attention consumers to meet their own needs, but also more and more attention to whether the company produces products will impact the environment, although many companies have green column for the business part, but you want to place in this green brand war market. It is not easy to establish the customers’ identify and have them changed from purchase intention to purchase behavior.so the purpose of this study is the Body Shop to do the research, was to investigate the Taiwan consumer brand knowledge and understanding of the green, green brand and purchase intention in the impact, whether it is green purchase intention impact on brand image, brand awareness whether it is green impact on the willingness to buy, and want to know the consumer brand awareness through the green to green brand image effect on purchase intention. This research adopted the convenience sampling method. Total of 450 questionnaires were giving out and396 valid questionnaires were collected with valid recovery rate of 88%. This research has adopted SPSS 17for WINDOWS at the tool for statistical. The analysis methods are including descriptive distribution、reliability analysis andValidity analysis、factor analysis、Pearson Correlation Analysis、path analysis, , to analyze the dimensions and the major research hypothesis of the study. The outcomes of the research are as follows, that consumers'' background factors have positive effects on brand awareness in the green awareness, green brand image, purchase intention, consumer have positive effects on s on brand image in the green , brand awareness in the green of purchasing intention.

So Lek Hang Lake.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-203).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgement --- p.vii
Table of Content --- p.ix
List of Figures --- p.xiii
List of Tables --- p.xvi
Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Problem Statement --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.5
Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.6
Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.7
Chapter 1.5 --- Definition of Urban Green Space --- p.9
Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- Literatu re Re view --- p.10
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.10
Chapter 2.2 --- Urban Green Space --- p.10
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Classification of Urban Green Space --- p.11
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Configuration of Urban Green Space System --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Different Approaches to Urban Green Space Study --- p.14
Chapter 2.3 --- Urban Green Space in China --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.1 --- General Problems --- p.16
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Increasing Awareness of Environment --- p.16
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Chinese Definition of Urban Green Space --- p.18
Chapter 2.4 --- Remote Sensing Techniques --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Review of Image Classification Techniques --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.1.1 --- Conventional Classification Methods --- p.22
Chapter 2.4.1.2 --- Mixed Pixels Problem --- p.23
Chapter 2.4.1.3 --- Mixed Pixels，Effects on Conventional Classifiers --- p.25
Chapter 2.4.1.4 --- Alternative Solutions to Mixed Pixels Problems (Fuzzy Sets) --- p.26
Chapter 2.4.1.5 --- Problems Fuzzy Classifications are unable to solve --- p.28
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Object-oriented Classification Concept --- p.30
Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Multiresolution Segmentation --- p.30
Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Fuzzy Classification Procedure --- p.31
Chapter 2.4.2.3 --- Object-orien ted Approach to Image Processing --- p.32
Chapter 2.4.2.4 --- E cognition --- p.33
Chapter 2.4.2.5 --- Research about ecognition --- p.34
Chapter 2.5 --- Landscape Ecology --- p.35
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Basic Principles --- p.35
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Landscape Metrics --- p.36
Chapter 2.5.3 --- Application of Landscape Ecology in Landscape Analysis --- p.38
Chapter 2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.39
Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- Study Sites and Methodology --- p.41
Chapter 3.1 --- lntroduction --- p.41
Chapter 3.2 --- Study Area --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Chongqing --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Geography and geomorphology --- p.42
Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Administration and governance --- p.42
Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Environmental Quality --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Governm ent Attempt to Improvement --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Nanjing --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Geography and Geomorphology --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Administration and Governance --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Landscape Planning of Nanjing --- p.47
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Comparison between Chongqing and Nanjing --- p.47
Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Geographical setting --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Population --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- Urbanization and Industrialization Levels --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.3.4 --- Variation in Landscape Quantity --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.3.5 --- Comparison from Satellite Images --- p.52
Chapter 3.3 --- Working procedures --- p.56
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Data --- p.56
Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- VNIR chann els --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- SWIR channels --- p.59
Chapter 3.3.1.3 --- Data Fusion --- p.59
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Designing Hierarchical Classification System --- p.60
Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Chongqing --- p.60
Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Nanjing --- p.61
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Object-oriented Classification --- p.62
Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Introdu ction --- p.63
Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Procedure of Object-oriented Classification --- p.65
Chapter 3.3.3.2.1 --- Analysis of Image Objects --- p.65
Chapter 3.3.3.2.2 --- Image Segmentation --- p.67
Chapter 3.3.3.2.3 --- Selection of Features and Data Conversion --- p.67
Chapter 3.3.3.2.4 --- Class-based Objects Sampling --- p.68
Chapter 3.3.3.2.5 --- Class-based Objects Analysis --- p.68
Chapter 3.3.3.2.6 --- Designing Object Level Hierarchy --- p.69
Chapter 3.3.3.2.7 --- Designing Class Hierarchy --- p.69
Chapter 3.3.3.2.8 --- Decision Tree Classification Structure --- p.69
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Comparison with other classification algorithms --- p.70
Chapter 3.4 --- Landscape Analyses --- p.71
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Selection of Landscape Metrics --- p.72
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Landscape Analysis for entire cities --- p.74
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Buffer Analysis --- p.74
Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.77
Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- Results and Discussion I Variations of Image Object Signatures for Sampled Land Covers --- p.78
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.78
Chapter 4.2 --- Chongqing --- p.79
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Spectral-shape ratio --- p.79
Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Selection Criteria --- p.80
Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Observations --- p.80
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Segmentation levels --- p.85
Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Selection Criteria --- p.85
Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Observations --- p.86
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Classifying Rules --- p.93
Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- Selection Criteria --- p.93
Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- Level 9 --- p.94
Chapter 4.2.3.3 --- Level 5 --- p.101
Chapter 4.2.3.4 --- Level 1 --- p.103
Chapter 4.3 --- Nanjing --- p.104
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Spectral-shape ratio --- p.104
Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Selection Criteria --- p.105
Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Observations --- p.105
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Segmentation Levels --- p.111
Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Selection Criteria --- p.111
Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Observations --- p.111
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Classifying Rules --- p.119
Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Selection Criteria --- p.119
Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Level 8 --- p.119
Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- Level 4 --- p.126
Chapter 4.3.3.4 --- Level 1 --- p.129
Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.131
Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- Results and Discussion II Image Classification --- p.134
Chapter 5.1 --- lntroduction --- p.134
Chapter 5.2 --- Chongqing --- p.135
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Class hierarchy --- p.135
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Description of the site --- p.136
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Classification of “lake´ح --- p.138
Chapter 5.2.4 --- "Classification of ""crops and grassland""" --- p.139
Chapter 5.2.5 --- Classification of “low density urban´ح --- p.140
Chapter 6.3.3 --- Classification Result --- p.142
Chapter 5.2.7 --- Error matrix --- p.144
Chapter 5.2.8 --- Class Proportion --- p.144
Chapter 5.2.9 --- Post-classification Aggregation --- p.147
Chapter 5.3 --- Nanjing --- p.149
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Class Hierarchy --- p.149
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Description of the site --- p.151
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Classification of lake --- p.151
Chapter 5.3.4 --- "Classification of ""crops and grassland II´ح" --- p.153
Chapter 5.3.5 --- "Classification of ""low density urban""" --- p.154
Chapter 5.3.6 --- Classification Result --- p.155
Chapter 5.3.7 --- Error Matrix --- p.156
Chapter 5.3.8 --- Class Proportion --- p.161
Chapter 5.3.9 --- Post-classification Aggregation --- p.161
Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.163
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Problems of object-oriented classification --- p.163
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Strengths of object-oriented classification --- p.165
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Transferability of classifying rules --- p.166
Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- "Results and Discussion HI Landscape Structure of ""Urban Green Space"", Chongqing and Nanjing" --- p.167
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.167
Chapter 6.2 --- Chongqing --- p.167
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Landscape composition --- p.167
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Fragmentation --- p.169
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Contagion --- p.171
Chapter 6.2.4 --- Patch Shape Complexity --- p.171
Chapter 6.3 --- Nanjing --- p.173
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Landscape composition --- p.173
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Fragmentation --- p.175
Chapter 6.3.3 --- Contagion --- p.177
Chapter 6.3.4 --- Patch Shape Complexity --- p.178
Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.179
Chapter 6.4.1 --- Similarities --- p.179
Chapter 6.4.2 --- Differences --- p.182
Chapter CHAPTER 7. --- Conclusion --- p.186
Chapter 7.1 --- Summary on findings --- p.186
Chapter 7.1.1 --- Summary on image object analyses --- p.186
Chapter 7.1.2 --- Summary on object-oriented classification --- p.187
Chapter 7.1.3 --- Summary on landscape studies of ´ب´بurban green space´ح --- p.189
Chapter 7.2 --- Limitations of the research --- p.190
Chapter 7.2.1 --- Data preparation --- p.190
Chapter 7.2.2 --- Image classification --- p.191
Chapter 7.2.3 --- Landscape Analysis --- p.193
Chapter 7.3 --- Suggestions for further research --- p.194
Bibliography --- p.196
Appendix 1´ؤEquations of object features --- p.204
Appendix 2´ؤEquations for Landscape Metrics --- p.208
Appendix 3´ؤVariations of Object Features along Segmentation Levels in Chongqing --- p.216
Appendix 4´ؤVariations of Object Features along Segmentation Levels in Nanjing --- p.244
Appendix 5´ؤClassifying Rules --- p.277
Appendix 6´ؤVariations in Landscape Metrics along Buffers from City Center in Chongqing --- p.282
Appendix 7´ؤVariations in Landscape Metrics along Buffers from City Center in Nanjing --- p.290

碩士
輔仁大學
景觀設計學系碩士班
100
The function of a fence or wall is used to identify a school’s boundary. However, a tall wall creates blind spots in campus and does nothing good to a school’s image and eco-environment. Therefore, a school should use a low fence or even without fence, and use planting material to create a friendly interface for necessary buffering. Design of this friendly interface can involve ideas and imagination from both teachers and students. The idea of friendly interface promotes open and free atmosphere of a school, and increases interaction between the school and its surrounding community. It can be also connected with the community walking paths to a school and the city greenway to show the uniqueness of local environmental ecology. In this report we present, by studying existing cases, how involvement design can be applied to designing a school’s friendly interface, its procedures and the final outcomes. We recommend that there should be friendlier interface in the future to help the construction of city’s open space greenways.

碩士
朝陽科技大學
資訊管理系碩士班
95
In the traditional treasure industry, when a businessman plans to prepare the inventory of goods to open a new shop or when he plans to refill the stock in daily operation, the decision is usually made mainly based on his experience accumulated. If he has abundant and accurate experience, he will enjoy high sales and rate of returns; otherwise, the bad rate of return on capital can be induced because of high inventory. Therefore, a scientific approach associated with the purchasing experience accumulated is believed to produce a better performance. The optimization model for the purchasing policy of a treasure shop is an NP complete Knapsack problem, and the greedy algorithm is a direct heuristic method and is often used to find the solution. Compared to other heuristic methods, the greedy algorithm has a great advantage in the speed of finding the solution because in each step it only needs to choose the solution which is only optimal for the current step. Hence, the greedy algorithm is often utilized to solve a combinatorial optimization problem in literature. However, the greedy algorithm cannot be guaranteed to generate the optimal solution, so this research plans to propose a new method which combines the greedy algorithm with the genetic algorithm. The new proposed method is applied to find the optimal purchasing policy of a treasure shop: under the constraint of the total budget on investment, it plans to find the optimal purchasing quantity and amount for each selling item in order to have the maximal profit.

The need for a reduced dependence on fossil fuels is motivated by a wide range of factors: from increasing fuel costs, to national security implications of supply, to rising concern for environmental impact. Although much focus is given to terrestrial systems, over 90% of the world's freight is transported by ship. Likewise, naval warfighting systems are critical in supporting U.S. national interests abroad. Yet the vast majority of these vessels rely on fossil fuels for operation. The results of this thesis illustrate a common theme that hybrid mechanical-electrical marine propulsion systems produce substantially better fuel efficiency than other technologies that are typically emphasized to reduce fuel consumption. Naval and commercial powertrains in the 60-70 MW range are shown to benefit substantially from the utilization of mechanical drive for high speed propulsion; complemented by an efficient electric drive system for low speed operations. This hybrid architecture proves to be able to best meet the wide range of performance requirements for each of these systems, while also being the most easily integrated technology option. Naval analyses evaluate powertrain options for the DDG-51 Flight III. Simulation results using actual operational profile data show a CODLAG system produces a net fuel savings of up to 12% more than a comparable all-electric system, corresponding to a savings of 37% relative the existing DDG-51 powertrain. These results prove that a mechanical linkage for the main propulsion engine greatly reduces fuel consumption and that for power generation systems requiring redundancy, diesel generators represent a vastly superior option to gas turbines. For the commercial application it is shown that an augmented PTO/PTI hybrid system can better reduce cruise fuel consumption than modern sail systems, while also producing significant benefit with regard to CO2 emissions. In addition, using such a shaft mounted hybrid system for low speed electric drive in ports reduces NOx emissions by 29-43%, while CO is reduced 57-66% and PM may be reduced up to 25%, depending on the specific operating mode. As an added benefit, fuel consumption rates under these conditions are reduced 20-29%.
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本研究聚焦2009年到2013年，中國廣州的一場圍繞垃圾處理展開的社會運動。運動最初是當地居民動員起來反對市政府垃圾焚燒項目的鄰避抗爭。勝利後，運動領袖成立了一個環保組織，和政府從對抗走向合作，力圖推动焚燒技術以外的替代性垃圾治理方案。不過，儘管政府和環保者致力於解決垃圾，垃圾問題在消費社會中始終無法消除。本研究試圖理解後社會主義中國的綠色治理和環保行動之間的對抗與合作。
首先，我分析當代中國高速城市化和消費社會急速發展所帶來的垃圾危機。然后，我檢視圍繞垃圾焚燒技術的主要爭議，並描繪廣州居民是如何針對政府計劃中的垃圾焚燒項目做出抗爭的。我指出，他們結合地方性知識和科學話語，將自己建構為"常民專家"，對全球性的焚燒科技的"地方適用性"作出成功挑战。接下來，我提供一個民族誌，追溯抗議成功后運動的歷史軌跡。我注意到，通過成立一個環保組織"EC"，反焚運動走向合法化、組織化和制度化，抗爭被體制吸納，轉變為參與協助國家環境治理的運動。最後，我描繪EC與广州政府聯手推動的垃圾分類運動。指出，國家在此運動中的尷尬身份、以利潤為導向的回收市場影響、理想化的垃圾分類知識與普通民眾的知識存在斷裂，都使得推動垃圾分類異常艱難。
通過展示運動變遷與國家治理轉型相互交織的辯證关系，本研究挑戰了國家與社會的二元對立，指出在國家在治理轉型過程中不斷收編反抗的行動和話語，而於此同時反焚者又在不斷生產新的另類知識做出挑戰。此外，本研究還貢獻於對廢棄物的理解，將廢棄物視為是一個動態的範疇，國家、市場、科學技術、普通消費者、環保行動者等多個行動者共同生產、競爭、建構其意義。還有，本研究對於科技知識的普遍性的探討，對科學技術研究領域做出了貢獻。
This is a study on social movements that focused on waste treatment in Guangzhou, China from 2009-2013. The campaign began as a NIMBY (Not-In-My-Backyard) movement that mobilized community residents to protest against municipal government's proposed incineration projects. After its success, the movement leaders changed their dissident role to form an environmental protection NGO, collaborating with the state to explore alternative waste treatment solutions other than incineration. However, despite of the politicians and activists' attempt to eliminate waste, waste continues to exist in tandem of our consumption spree. I endeavor to understand the contradiction as well as collusion between green governance and environmental activisms in post-socialist China.
Firstly, I analyze the garbage crisis caused by the rapid urbanization and the dramatic growth of consumer society in contemporary China. Then I examine a few major technological controversies of waste incineration and depict how the activists protest against the pro-incineration government. I argue that through deploying local knowledge, the activists, as "lay experts", successfully challenged the "local appropriateness" of the global technology of incineration. Next, I provide an in-depth ethnography of the transformation of this campaign after its initial success. I notice that by taking the form of an environmental NGO called "EC", the campaign was legitimized, institutionalized and incorporated into the state’s governance framework. The environmental activism became an aid to the state’s green governmentality. Lastly, I take a detailed look at the waste classification campaign jointly launched by Guangzhou government and EC. I point out that the ambiguous role of the state in this campaign, the profit-oriented recycling market together with the idealist knowledge/practice systems of this project make this campaign extremely difficult.
My research challenges the state-society dichotomy by showing that the trajectory of the campaign is dialectically entangled with the transformation of the state’s governance. The state constantly incorporates the resistance and alternative discourses produced in the movement, whereas the activists keep on producing alternative knowledge to challenge the state. Moreover, this study deepens the understanding of waste by considering waste as a flexible category in which various actors such as state, market, technosicence, consumers as well as the environmental activists are producing, competing and reconstructing its meaning. Also, my discussions of the universal knowledge of science contribute to the field of science and technology studies.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
張劼穎.
Parallel title from added title page.
Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-236).
Abstracts also in English.
Zhang Jieying.