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1
Kizielewicz, Joanna. "Eco-Trends in Energy Solutions on Cruise Ships." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 3746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133746.
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Today the world’s largest cruise ships can take on board more than 6000 passengers and almost 3000 crew members. Managing a significant number of people and all equipment and operations on ships requires the delivery of tens of thousands of kilowatts, which poses a huge challenge for both cruise ship builders and ports supporting these ships as well as for ship owners themselves, as the costs involved represent the largest share in the structure of expenditure in cruise shipping companies. In recent years, various communities and institutions, including the International Maritime Organisation and the European Union, exert pressure on cruise ship owners to use green renewable energy solutions. For these reasons, cruise ship owners are constantly looking for cost-effective and environmentally responsible solutions regarding new energy sources for ships. The aim of this paper is to identify modern solutions applied on cruise ships in the field of energy generation and to indicate benefits for the environment and ship owners in this respect. The following research questions were formulated: (1) What factors force cruise ship owners to introduce modern energy policy solutions? (2) What kind of green energy solutions are currently used on cruise ships? (3) What kind of renewable energy solutions do cruise ship owners use to reduce energy consumption on board cruise ships? The research was conducted by applying a few research methods, i.e., desk research method and exploration method, critical and comparative analysis, and also inductive and deductive reasoning. The results of this research can provide an interesting source of information for cruise ship owners, cruise seaport authorities, and shipyards involved in the construction of new vessels.
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Sunaryo, Sunaryo, Eko Djatmiko, Siti Fariya, Rafet Kurt, and Sefer Gunbeyaz. "A Gap Analysis of Ship-Recycling Practices in Indonesia." Recycling 6, no. 3 (July 13, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling6030048.
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Ship recycling is gaining attention in Indonesia due to the increase in end-of-life ships and uneconomical nationally flagged ships, and is considered a prospective source of economic development and employment opportunity, and yet conceivably poses a threat to the health and safety of workers and the environment. There are international and national regulations that govern ship-recycling activities to ensure that the hazardous impacts of the industry are minimized. We investigated the disparity between current ship-breaking practices in Indonesia and the requirements of related international and national regulations, with the findings intended for use as a stepping stone to proposing a strategy to establish a green and sustainable ship-recycling industry. A benchmark study of the world’s leading ship-recycling countries was conducted, and a gap analysis was performed by comparing existing international and national regulations with current ship-breaking practices in Indonesia. We identified two types of ship-breaking practices in Indonesia: Conventional environmentally unfriendly ship-breaking method, conducted by most Indonesian ship-breaking yards, and a rather modern, more environmentally friendly method, conducted by ship-repair yards. However, neither of the practices met the requirements of the regulations, and improvements are therefore needed to make the ship-recycling industry more green and sustainable, and to gain international recognition.
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Sunaryo, Sunaryo, and Dovan Pahalatua. "Green ship recycle yard design." Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v12i1.20450.
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The life cycle of a ship has an age limit related to its operation. When the ship economically is not profitable any more, it will be recycled or scrapped. Since the scrapped ship has plenty of hazardous materials, special care should be carried out to manage the wastes in accordance with the national and international available regulations. With regard to this a ship recycle yard that conducts ship breaking and recycle of the ships outfits, machineries, and infrastructure should be well designed in order to comply to all regulations that prevent it from producing harmful and polluting wastes to human and environment. The study was aimed to design an environmentally friendly or green ship recycle yard in Indonesia as a pilot project in anticipation to the booming of old used merchant ships fleet due to the implementation of cabotage principle. The project is located in the Maritime Industrial Cluster in Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province, Sumatera. The ship recycle yard is designed with a capacity of maximum 30,000 DWT ship to be recycled, and all the activities involve in the yard would comply and refer to the environmental and IMO regulations, to ensure that no harm and hazardous wastes polluting the surrounding land and sea by arranging a proper layout and providing proper facilities and working procedures.
4
Hu, Yang. "Analysis on the Application of New Energy in Ships." Progress in Energy & Fuels 9, no. 2 (October 21, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/pef.v9i2.1368.
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<p>With the continuous development of China’s sustainable development, new energy has become the internal driving force for the transformation and upgrading of various industries and the creation of green economic benefits. It is widely used in industrial manufacturing, housing construction, transportation and other fields. The application of new energy in ships can not only reduce the pollution rate of ship transportation, but also promote the scientific development of ship design and manufacturing. The value of applying new energy in ships can be seen. This paper analyzes the application strategy of new energy in ships, in order to promote the shipbuilding industry to keep pace with the times.</p>
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Premur, Vitomir, Aleksandra Anić Vučinić, Ivana Melnjak, and Lucija Radetić. "Challenges and possibilities for environmentally sound recycling of ships and composite boats in European union." Holistic approach to environment 9, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33765/thate.9.2.3.
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In this paper are presented challenges that countries of European Union face when recycling ships and composite boats. European ship owners control over 40 % of the world’s merchant ship fleet, with Greece as the top ship-owning country globally. Nowadays, ship recycling is being regulated and positive progression was made towards it since steel industry belongs in world’s top five and stable market and makes recycling of scrap metals from ships attractive. On the other hand, yachts, sailing boats and small boats are mainly made from composite materials because of their favourable properties, making them great investment, but end-of-life management is more complicated and not quite regulated by the law yet. Unlike commercially oriented ships, which are constantly in move and disposed when the maintenance costs of the vessel start to exceed possible revenue, old boats for recreational and tourism-oriented purposes most rarely move. Hundreds of thousands lie in marinas and are abandoned due to the maintenance costs thus discouraging the owners from keeping it. Hence, a growing number of marinas worldwide will have the problem of boat disposal in a sustainable way in the future. In this paper is given short summary on waste ships and boats management issues. The emphasis is on waste management of small composite boats
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Martić, Ivana, Nastia Degiuli, Andrea Farkas, and Ivan Gospić. "Evaluation of the Effect of Container Ship Characteristics on Added Resistance in Waves." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 9 (September 9, 2020): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090696.
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Added resistance in waves is one of the main causes of an increase in required power when a ship operates in actual service conditions. The assessment of added resistance in waves is important from both an economic and environmental point of view, owing to increasingly stringent rules set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) with the aim to reduce CO2 emission by ships. For that reason, it is desirable to evaluate the added resistance in waves already in the preliminary ship design stage both in regular and irregular waves. Ships are traditionally designed and optimized with respect to calm water conditions. Within this research, the effect of prismatic coefficient, longitudinal position of the centre of buoyancy, trim, pitch radius of gyration, and ship speed on added resistance is investigated for the KCS (Kriso Container Ship) container ship in regular head waves and for different sea states. The calculations are performed using the 3D panel method based on Kelvin type Green function. The results for short waves are corrected to adequately take into account the diffraction component. The obtained results provide an insight into the effect of variation of ship characteristics on added resistance in waves.
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Schellin, Thomas E., and Ould el Moctar. "Numerical Prediction of Impact-Related Wave Loads on Ships." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 129, no. 1 (November 8, 2006): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2429695.
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We present a numerical procedure to predict impact-related wave-induced (slamming) loads on ships. The procedure was applied to predict slamming loads on two ships that feature a flared bow with a pronounced bulb, hull shapes typical of modern offshore supply vessels. The procedure used a chain of seakeeping codes. First, a linear Green function panel code computed ship responses in unit amplitude regular waves. Ship speed, wave frequency, and wave heading were systematically varied to cover all possible combinations likely to cause slamming. Regular design waves were selected on the basis of maximum magnitudes of relative normal velocity between ship critical areas and wave, averaged over the critical areas. Second, a nonlinear strip theory seakeeping code determined ship motions under design wave conditions, thereby accounting for the nonlinear pressure distribution up to the wave contour and the frequency dependence of the radiation forces (memory effect). Third, these nonlinearly computed ship motions constituted part of the input for a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations code that was used to obtain slamming loads. Favorable comparison with available model test data validated the procedure and demonstrated its capability to predict slamming loads suitable for design of ship structures.
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Lin, Bo. "Design of the Comprehensive Information Platform for the Prevention of Natural Disasters Based on Ocean Ships." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.453.
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According to the guideline and target requirements of green ship engineering and the needs on the prevention and countermeasures of all kinds of natural disasters in ocean ships, a design scheme of the comprehensive information platform for the prevention of natural disasters based on ocean ships is proposed by the author in this paper. In this design scheme, the seamless time-space integration of heterogeneous information resources in different application systems is realized through using modern technologies such as computer technology, wireless communication technology, natural disasters forecast (alerting) technology, digital information integration processing technology, geographic information system (GIS), and global positioning system (GPS), and also higher-level information services are provided for the commanders (decision makers) of ocean ships in an integrated and unified way, thus promoting the self-security ability, distress searching and rescue aid decision-making ability, and the sea (especially ocean) transport and production operation abilities of ocean ships to be effectively increased. Besides, the re-optimization idea and improvement technology for the design scheme in the future allowable conditions, the unique information transmission technology (satellite communication technology) of the prevention of natural disasters in ocean ship, and the good development prospects of green ships are generally introduced and forecasted in this paper.
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Shakeri, Nastaran, Mehdi Zadeh, and Jorgen Bremnes Nielsen. "Hydrogen Fuel Cells for Ship Electric Propulsion: Moving Toward Greener Ships." IEEE Electrification Magazine 8, no. 2 (June 2020): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mele.2020.2985484.
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Novak, Lino Josip, Darin Majnarić, Roko Dejhalla, and Albert Zamarin. "An Analysis of Basic Parameters of Ro-Pax Ships and Double-ended Ferries as Basis for New Hybrid Ferries Designs." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 3, no. 3 (June 2020): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2020.00.02.
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The paper presents an analysis of the basic parameters of Ro-Pax ships and double-ended ferries. The study was carried out within the framework of the project METRO (Maritime Environment-friendly TRanspOrt systems), funded from 2014-2020 Interreg V-A Italy-Croatia CBC Programme. The aim of the project is an improvement of the environmental sustainability in the field of maritime transport, with particular emphasis on multimodality and “green” solutions for the coastal transport. The specific focus is on touristic connections in the North Adriatic area. One of the project goals is a development of short-medium range hybrid ships and of concern are Ro-Pax ships and double-ended ferries, which are the most common ship types for coastal shipping in the Adriatic area. Two extensive databases were created encompassing a large number of ferries that operate in Europe, by one for each ship type. The databases will serve as basis for the preliminary design of the new hybrid Ro-Pax ship and double-ended ferry.
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Du, Zun Feng. "The Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships and its Application in China." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 2704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.2704.
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Ship recycling is labour intensive and takes place largely in developing countries. Worker safety and environmental issues have clearly been focused by international community. In this paper, the hazardous wastes onboard were presented and the impact of these pollutants discharged from ship recycling was analyzed. Then, the current international conventions and standards were introduced. Herein, the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, 2009 (the Hong Kong Convention), was mentioned in detail, including its background, main content and enforcement. Finally, China’s green ship recycling was investigated and some suggestions were proposed to our government and shipbreaking companies. In summary, ship recycling is facing to great opportunities and challenges. Only through the cooperation of the stakeholders, can ship recycling industry get the sustained development.
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Zeng, Xiangming, and Mingzhi Chen. "A Novel Big Data Collection System for Ship Energy Efficiency Monitoring and Analysis Based on BeiDou System." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (August 4, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9914720.
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The call for green shipping is increasing, and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships becomes more and more important. Traditional ship energy efficiency monitoring is based on the noon reports, which are susceptible to human error and have a time delay. Many ship energy efficiency monitoring systems have been designed and developed, but they usually cannot send data to the shore in time. In order to identify abnormal fuel consumption in time, this paper realizes a big data collection system for ship energy efficiency monitoring based on the BeiDou System. The system installed on two sister container ships has already collected a lot of data. Big data analysis methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis, are applied in the system to realize data visualization and analysis. Using PCA, it turns out that the shaft power of the main engine is related to a certain ship speed, which is also affected by load and weather conditions, and is the biggest factor in determining fuel consumption. To realize the assessment of hull fouling and the optimization of ship trim, a useful physics-based analysis is proposed. The analysis shows that the fouling of ship body greatly increases its resistance. Our analysis method can also find the best trim under specific loading condition. All these points are important for reducing fuel consumption and improving ship efficiency.
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Hengjinda, P., and Joy Iong-Zong Chen. "Prediction of Energy Consumption by Ships at the port using Deep Learning." June 2021 3, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2021.2.005.
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The harbours using green ports have become a common mode of enabling the use of environment friendly energy consumption. In this paper, two major contributions are made: reduction of energy consumption in the ports by using ships; prediction of energy consumption with respect to a green port. The characteristics that will play a crucial role in energy consumption of ships are considered and a detailed analysis has been performed to predict the energy consumed by the ships. Deep learning methodologies such as, K-Nearest Regression (KNR), Linear Regression (LR), BP Network (BP), Random Forest Regression (RF) and Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR) are used to determine the different characteristics of the ships that are used while the external features of the ports are given as input. To determine the efficiency of the proposed work, k-fold cross validation is also incorporated. Based on feature importance, the crucial features of the algorithm are selected. The influence of different changing aspects on the ship's energy usage is identified, and reduction methods are implemented appropriately. According to the observed data, the most essential factors that may be utilised to estimate energy consumption of the ship are efficiency of facilities, actual weight, deadweight tonnage, and net tonnage. As the efficiency increases, there is also a significant reduction and the power consumption of the ship at the rate of 8% and 32% in port and berth respectively.
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Wood, Allen, Paul Guyer, and Henry E. Allison. "Debating Allison on Transcendental Idealism." Kantian Review 12, no. 2 (July 2007): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415400000893.
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People talk about rats deserting a sinking ship, but they don't usually ask where the rats go. Perhaps this is only because the answer is so obvious: of course, most of the rats climb aboard the sounder ships, the ships that ride high in the water despite being laden with rich cargoes of cheese and grain and other things rats love, the ships that bring prosperity to ports like eighteenth-century Königsberg and firms such as Green & Motherby. By making the insulting comparison - as I am in the course of doing – between us Kant scholars and a horde of noxious vermin, my more or less transparent aim is to mitigate, or at least to distract attention from, the collective immodesty of what I am saying about us. For my point is that, in the past half-century or so, Kant studies has become a very prosperous ship indeed. Its success has even been the chief thing that has buoyed all its sister ships in the fleet of modern philosophy, most of which are also doing very well.
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Wang, Zhihuan, Mengyuan Yao, Chenguang Meng, and Christophe Claramunt. "Risk Assessment of the Overseas Imported COVID-19 of Ocean-Going Ships Based on AIS and Infection Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060351.
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Preventing and controlling the risk of importing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly become a major concern. In addition to air freight, ocean-going ships play a non-negligible role in spreading COVID-19 due to frequent visits to countries with infected populations. This research introduces a method to dynamically assess the infection risk of ships based on a data-driven approach. It automatically identifies the ports and countries these ships approach based on their Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) data and a spatio-temporal density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (ST_DBSCAN) algorithm. We derive daily and 14 day cumulative ship exposure indexes based on a series of country-based indices, such as population density, cumulative confirmed cases, and increased rate of confirmed cases. These indexes are classified into high-, middle-, and low-risk levels that are then coded as red, yellow, and green according to the health Quick Response (QR) code based on the reference exposure index of Wuhan on April 8, 2020. This method was applied to a real container ship deployed along a Eurasian route. The results showed that the proposed method can trace ship infection risk and provide a decision support mechanism to prevent and control overseas imported COVID-19 cases from international shipping.
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Busch, J., W. Barthlott, M. Brede, W. Terlau, and M. Mail. "Bionics and green technology in maritime shipping: an assessment of the effect of Salvinia air-layer hull coatings for drag and fuel reduction." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2138 (December 24, 2018): 20180263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0263.
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To save energy and reduce environmental impacts, new technologies towards a development of a sustainable ‘greener’ economy are needed. The main opportunity to improve sustainability by reducing emissions is within the transport sector. More than 90% of all goods worldwide are transported by ships. Particularly maritime ships using heavy fuel oil and marine gas oil play a major role. The total fuel consumption of shipping in 2016 was about 250 m t (domestic ca. 50 m t, international shipping ca. 200 m t). The vast portion of the energy consumption of a ship is the need to overcome the drag between ship hull and water—depending on the shape of the vessel and its size up to 90% of total fuel consumption. This means reducing drag helps to save fuel and reduces carbon emissions as well as pollution considerably. Different techniques for drag reduction are known, e.g. the micro-bubble technique or the bulbous bow. We investigated a novel bioinspired technique since 2002: the application of biomimetic surfaces with long-term stable air layers on ship hulls, serving as a slip agent. This technology is based on the Salvinia Effect, allowing a permanent stabilization of air layers under water. In this case study, we analysed the possible savings, which also could be combined with modified micro-bubble technologies. We calculated, based on a selection of five ship types, representing 75% of the world fleet, that air-layer hull coatings could lead to estimated savings of 32.5 million tons of fuel (meaning 13.0% of the worldwide shipping fuel consumption), equal to 18.5 billion US$ and 130.0 million tons of CO 2e per year. The positive impacts on global temperature and other greenhouse gases are calculated and could be a contributing factor in accomplishing the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. The study is a contribution to enhance our patchy knowledge concerning the potential economic and ecological benefit of bionics and biomimetic technologies. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology’.
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Li, Jin, Hong Yi, and Yu Fang Zhang. "Research on Green Shipbuilding and Concurrent Green Ship Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.614.
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Green shipbuilding is the embodiment of sustainable development strategy in the ship manufacturing industry. The combination of concurrent engineering and green design forms concurrent green ship design. The connotation of green shipbuilding is discussed firstly. Then a kind of operation mode of concurrent green ship design is presented, and the main contents of the mode are analyzed finally.
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Akoel, Akram, and Ryszard K. Miler. "Economic and operational impact of the MRV implementation on maritime transport processes." WSB Journal of Business and Finance 53, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wsbjbf-2019-0013.
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Abstract The European Union (EU) and International Maritime Organisation (IMO) strongly feel the need for initiating measures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from international shipping lines regionally and globally using a package of tools called Green Shipping Practices (GSP). The GSP includes the use of global market-based mechanisms (MBMs), adoption of the energy efficiency design index (EEDI), establishing compulsory energy efficiency standards for all new ships, and the ship energy efficiency management plan (SEEMP) recommended as a new management tool for ship owners. Furthermore, the European Commission (EC) has proposed that owners of large ships using EU ports should report their verified emissions (Monitoring, Reporting and Verification of Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (MRV)) from 2018. In addition, IMO has introduced collection and reporting of ship fuel consumption data (SFCD) under the IMO SFCD scheme based on similar conditions, but related to global shipping. By providing a holistic analysis of the above-mentioned tools with a special focus on MRV and SFCD, this paper presents their economical and operational implications on the maritime transport processes. The working hypothesis that there is a correlation between the introduction of MRV and SFCD tools and reduction of maritime transport anthropopresure has been proved.
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Jiao, Jialong, Yulin Zhao, Yufei Ai, Chaohe Chen, and Tianhui Fan. "Theoretical and Experimental Study on Nonlinear Hydroelastic Responses and Slamming Loads of Ship Advancing in Regular Waves." Shock and Vibration 2018 (September 5, 2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2613832.
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Wave loads estimation and structural strength evaluation are the fundamental work at the ship design stage. The hydroelastic responses and slamming strength issues are also concerned especially for large-scale high-speed ships sailing in harsh waves. To accurately predict the wave-induced motions and loads acting on the ship sailing in regular waves, a fully coupled 3D time-domain nonlinear hydroelasticity theory is developed in this paper. The vibration modal characteristics of the flexible hull structure derived by the 3D finite element method (FEM) and simplified 1D nonuniform Timoshenko beam theory are firstly described. The hydrostatic restoring force and hydrodynamic wave force are calculated on the real-time wetted surface of hull to address geometric nonlinearity due to the steep wave and large amplitude motions. The bow slamming and green water loads acting on the ship in severe regular waves are estimated by the momentum impact method and dam-breaking method, respectively. Moreover, a small-scaled segmented ship model is designed, constructed, and tested in a laboratory wave basin to validate the hydroelasticity algorithm. The results predicted by theoretical and experimental approaches are systemically compared and analyzed. Finally, future work for predictions of ship hydroelasticity and slamming loads in irregular waves is prospected.
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Szczepanek, Marcin, Przemysław Rajewski, Dalibor Barta, and Iwona Michalska-Pożoga. "Methods of Energy Efficiency Improvement by Modernisation of Hydraulic Installations at a Fishing Cutter at the Baltic Sea." New Trends in Production Engineering 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2018-0070.
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Abstract The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) became mandatory for new ships as well as the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) for all ships due to the MEPC 62 (July 2011) along with the adoption of amendments to MARPOL Annex VI by the Parties to the MARPOL Annex VI. This was the first legally binding climate change treaty to be adopted since the Kyoto Protocol. The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP), which has been obligatory since 2013, did not to cover fishing cutters but triggered the implementation of energy efficiency audits due to fishing limits, high fuel prices, and free freight market. All the above caused that ship-owners started seeking ways for saving money and keep their business profitable. Apart from energy recovery installations, fishing vessels have been furnished with the latest technologies aimed at the reduction of energy consumption and at making ships greener. A research team of the Maritime University of Szczecin conducted energy efficiency audits on several fishing vessels operated on the Baltic Sea and stated that up to 40% of the energy is used during fishing operations by hydraulic devices installed at the fishing vessels. The paper presents the measurement results of energy consumption in typical operational states based on a selected fishing cutter operating at the Baltic Sea. The paper includes also the recommendations in terms modernization of hydraulic installations and the changes of control methods for devices with hydraulic drive. The calculations are also presented herein and they prove that it is possible to reduce energy consumption by a fishing cutter even by 20% while maintaining the unchanged operating parameters of the hydraulic devices.
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Zhang, Bao-Ji, Jie Liu, Ning Xu, Lei Niu, and Wen-Xuan She. "Numerical Simulation of Ship Motions in Regular and Irregular Waves." Marine Technology Society Journal 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.53.1.10.
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AbstractA numerical simulation method is presented in this study to predict ship resistance and motion responses in regular and irregular waves. The unsteady RANS (Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes) method is selected as the governing equation, and a volume of fluid (VoF) model is used to capture the free surface, combining the k-ε equations. A finite volume method (FVM) is utilized to discretize both the RANS equations and VoF transport equation. The pressure implicit split operator (PISO) method is set as the velocity-pressure coupling equation. The overset mesh technique is utilized to simulate ship motions in waves. A DTMB5415 ship is selected as a case study to predict its pitch and heave responses in regular and irregular waves at different wave length and wave steepness. The ship is free to move in the pitch and heave directions. The CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) results are found to be in good agreement with the strip theory and experimental data. It can be found that the CFD method presented in this study can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for green design and manufacture of ships.
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Zhao, Wei, Yan Wang, Zhanshuo Zhang, and Hongbo Wang. "Multicriteria Ship Route Planning Method Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization–Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040357.
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With the continuous prosperity and development of the shipping industry, it is necessary and meaningful to plan a safe, green, and efficient route for ships sailing far away. In this study, a hybrid multicriteria ship route planning method based on improved particle swarm optimization–genetic algorithm is presented, which aims to optimize the meteorological risk, fuel consumption, and navigation time associated with a ship. The proposed algorithm not only has the fast convergence of the particle swarm algorithm but also improves the diversity of solutions by applying the crossover operation, selection operation, and multigroup elite selection operation of the genetic algorithm and improving the Pareto optimal frontier distribution. Based on the Pareto optimal solution set obtained by the algorithm, the minimum-navigation-time route, the minimum-fuel-consumption route, the minimum-navigation-risk route, and the recommended route can be obtained. Herein, a simulation experiment is conducted with respect to a container ship, and the optimization route is compared and analyzed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can plan a series of feasible ship routes to ensure safety, greenness, and economy and that it provides route selection references for captains and shipping companies.
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Zhu, Renchuan, Guoping Miao, and Zhaowei Lin. "Numerical Research on FPSOs With Green Water Occurrence." Journal of Ship Research 53, no. 01 (March 1, 2009): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2009.53.1.7.
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Green water loads on sailing ships or floating structures occur when an incoming wave significantly exceeds freeboard and water runs onto the deck. In this paper, numerical programs developed based on the platform of the commercial software Fluent were used to numerically model green water occurrence on floating structures exposed to waves. The phenomena of the fixed floating production, storage, and offloading unit (FPSO) model and oscillating vessels in head waves have been simulated and analyzed. For the oscillating floating body case, a combination idea is presented in which the motions of the FPSO are calculated by the potential theory in advance and computional fluid dynamics (CFD) tools are used to investigate the details of green water. A technique of dynamic mesh is introduced in a numerical wave tank to simulate the green water occurrence on the oscillating vessels in waves. Numerical results agree well with the corresponding experimental results regarding the wave heights on deck and green water impact loads; the two-dimensional fixed FPSO model case conducted by Greco (2001), and the three-dimensional oscillating vessel cases by Buchner (2002), respectively. The research presented here indicates that the present numerical scheme and method can be used to actually simulate the phenomenon of green water on deck, and to predict and analyze the impact forces on floating structures due to green water. This can be of great significance in further guiding ship design and optimization, especially in the strength design of ship bows.
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Szczepanek, Marcin, Przemysław Rajewski, and Dalibor Barta. "Application the Results of Energy Efficiency Audit Planning and Implementation of Fishing Vessels Modernisation." New Trends in Production Engineering 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2018-0071.
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Abstract The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) became mandatory for new ships as well as the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) for all ships due to the MEPC 62 (July 2011) along with the adoption of amendments to MARPOL Annex VI by the Parties to the MARPOL Annex VI. This was the first legally binding climate change treaty to be adopted since the Kyoto Protocol. The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP), which has been obligatory since 2013, did not to cover fishing cutters but triggered the implementation of energy efficiency audits due to fishing limits, high fuel prices, and free freight market. A research team of the Maritime University of Szczecin conducted energy efficiency audits on several fishing vessels operated on the Baltic Sea and provided the results to the shipowners. On their grounds, the shipowners started seeking methods to reduce energy consumption. They began modernizing the vessels using the information collected in the reports on energy audits. Usually, the modernization process is performed in several stages. Apart from energy recovery installations, fishing vessels were furnished with the latest technologies aimed at the reduction of energy consumption and at making ships greener. The paper presents results of the said process at the selected fishing cutters operating on the Baltic Sea. The paper includes also the recommendations on the directions of the following stages of the audits.
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Shi, Yaqi, and Wei Luo. "Application of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation System in Maritime Vessels and Development of Maritime Tourism." Polish Maritime Research 25, s2 (August 1, 2018): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2018-0090.
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Abstract The use of new energy generation technologies such as solar energy and electric propulsion technologies to form integrated power propulsion technology for ships has become one of the most concerned green technologies on ships. Based on the introduction of the principles and usage patterns of solar photovoltaic systems, the application characteristics of solar photovoltaic systems and their components in ships are analyzed. The important characteristics of the marine power grid based on solar photovoltaic systems are explored and summarized, providing a basis for future system design and application. Photovoltaic solar cells are made using semiconductor effects that convert solar radiation directly into electrical energy. Several such battery devices are packaged into photovoltaic solar cell modules, and several components are combined into a certain power photovoltaic array according to actual needs, and are matched with devices such as energy storage, measurement, and control to form a photovoltaic power generation system. This article refers to the basic principle and composition of the land-use solar photovoltaic system, and analyzes the difference between the operational mode and the land use of the large-scale ocean-going ship solar photovoltaic system. Specific analysis of large-scale ocean-going ship solar photovoltaic system complete set of technical route, for the construction of marine solar photovoltaic system to provide design ideas.
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Zhang, Wenfen, Xinping Yan, Di Zhang, and Jinfen Zhang. "Evaluating the Probability of Power Loss in Ship Electric Propulsion Systems Based on Bayesian Belief Networks." Marine Technology Society Journal 53, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.53.3.6.
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AbstractThe development of smart and green ships has led to the wide use of electric propulsion systems, creating many safety problems. The ship electric propulsion system (SEPS) loses power frequently, creating significant risk in maritime transportation. This article proposed a probability evaluation method to assess SEPS power loss, based on Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs). The BBN structure of power loss in a SEPS is considered the main component causing SEPS disruption. The prior probability and conditional probability tables of the model were generated using statistical data and expert judgment. A case study was conducted to illustrate the proposed model. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was used to identify several key indicators, including human factors, navigation conditions, winding failure, aging, and parameter setting. Compared with related research, the proposed method is rational and effective. As such, the method presented in this article provides a practical and flexible way to evaluate the probability of power loss in a SEPS. The model enables the safety manager to discover key influencing factors and components during ship operations, providing effective ways to reduce ship power loss.
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Segawa, Tomohiro, Kaoru Hazeki, Kiyomi Nigorikawa, Atsuko Nukuda, Tomoki Tanizawa, Kenshiro Miyamoto, Shin Morioka, and Osamu Hazeki. "Inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb mediates the effects of IgG on a phagosome acidification and a sequential dephosphorylation system comprising SHIPs and Inpp4a." Innate Immunity 23, no. 4 (April 14, 2017): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425917701553.
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The relative abundance of phosphoinositide (PI) species on the phagosome membrane fluctuates over the course of phagocytosis. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2 rapidly increase in the forming of the phagocytic cup, following which they disappear after sealing of the cup. In the present study, we monitored the clearance of these PI species using the enhanced green fluorescent protein-fused pleckstrin homology domain of Akt, a fluorescence probe that binds both PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2 in Raw 264.7 macrophages. The clearance of PIs was much faster when the phagocytosed particles were coated with IgG. The effect of IgG was not observed in the macrophages deficient in FcγRIIb, an inhibitory IgG receptor. To identify the lipid phosphatases responsible for the FcγRIIb-accelerated PI clearance, we prepared a panel of lipid phosphatase-deficient cells. The lack of a PI 5-phosphatase Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase (SHIP)1 or SHIP2 impaired the FcγRIIb-accelerated clearance of PIs. The lack of a PI 4-phosphatase Inpp4a also impaired the accelerated PIs clearance. In the FcγRIIb- and Inpp4a-deficient cells, acidification of the formed phagosome was slowed. These results suggested that FcγRIIb drives the sequential dephosphorylation system comprising SHIPs and Inpp4a, and accelerates phagosome acidification.
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Sherbaz, Salma, Adnan Maqsood, and Jawad Khan. "Machinery Options for Green Ship." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 8, no. 3 (June 2015): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/jestr.083.22.
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Paik, Jeom Kee. "Toward Limit State Design of Ships and Offshore Structures Under Impact Pressure Actions: A State-of-the-Art Review." Marine Technology and SNAME News 43, no. 03 (July 1, 2006): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2006.43.3.135.
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In design of ships and ship-shaped offshore units, issues related to impact pressure actions arising from sloshing, slamming, green water, or explosion are of particular concern. The structural response under impact pressure actions is quite different from that under static or quasistatic actions. It has been recognized that the limit state approach is a more rational basis for structural design and safety assessment where both "demand" (loads) and "capacity" (strength) must be accurately defined. For impact pressure action cases, the demand is associated with hydrodynamics areas, taking into account the characteristics of impact pressure-time history, and the structural capacity is associated with structural mechanics areas, considering geometric and material nonlinearities together with strain rate sensitivity. This paper reviews recent advances and trends toward future limit state design of ships and offshore structures under impact pressure actions.
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Fang, Ming-Chung, and Gung-Rong Chen. "On Three-Dimensional Solutions of Drift Forces and Moments Between Two Ships in Waves." Journal of Ship Research 46, no. 04 (December 1, 2002): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2002.46.4.280.
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A far-held approach solving the lateral drift forces and moments between two ships in regular waves is adopted. The velocity potentials for diffraction and radiation based on a 3-D-source distribution technique are obtained. Using the Telste & Noblesse algorithm with a series expansion technique for the principal value integral solves the numerical solutions for corresponding Green functions and their derivatives. One pair of ship models is used for numerical calculations and a 2-D method based on the near-held approach is also included for comparisons. Generally the results obtained by the present technique indicate that the interaction effects between two ships have a profound influence on the drift forces and moments, and the direction of incident waves plays an important role. The results also show that the values predicted by the 2-D method are always very much overestimated because of the trapping energy between two ships. Therefore, the 3-D method prediction model developed here is regarded as more physically reasonable than the 2-D one.
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Asalomia, Laurențiu Bogdan, and Gheorghe Samoilescu. "Naval Energy Management System." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 26, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2020-0109.
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AbstractThe paper analyses the role of control and monitoring of electro-energetic equipment in order to reduce operational costs, increase profits and reduce carbon emissions. The role of SCADA and EcoStruxure Power systems is presented and analysed taking into account the energy consumption and its savings. The paper presents practical and modern solutions to reduce energy consumption by up to 53%, mass by up to 47% and increase the life of the equipment by adjusting the electrical parameters. The Integrated Navigation System has allowed an automatic control and an efficient management. For ships, the implementation of an energy efficiency design index and new technologies was required for the GREEN SHIP project.
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Mao, Wengang, and Igor Rychlik. "Estimation of Weibull distribution for wind speeds along ship routes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 231, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 464–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090216653495.
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In order to evaluate potential benefits of new green shipping concepts that utilize wind power as auxiliary propulsion in ships or of offshore wind energy harvest, it is essential to have reliable wind speed statistics. A new method to find parameters in the Weibull distribution is given. It can be used either at a fixed offshore position or along arbitrary ship routes. The method employs a spatio-temporal transformed Gaussian model for wind speed variability. The model was fitted to 10 years’ ERA-Interim reanalysis data of wind speed. The proposed method to derive Weibull distribution is validated using wind speeds measured on-board by vessels sailing in the North Atlantic and the west region of the Mediterranean Sea. For the westbound voyages in the North Atlantic, the proposed method gives a good approximation of the observed wind distribution along those ship routes. For the eastbound voyages, significant difference is found between the observed wind distribution and that approximated by the proposed method. The suspected reason is attributed to the ship routing decisions of masters and software. Hence, models that consider only the wind climate description need to be supplemented with a method to take into account the effect of wind-aware routing plan.
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Zhan, Zhipeng. "An amperometric H2 gas sensor based on ionic liquid for hydrogen fuel cell ships." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126102013.
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Hydrogen fuel cell ship is an important way to realize green shipping, and the safety of hydrogen fuel ship is primary issue that shall be concerned. H2 gas sensors can provide online monitoring of H2 concentration and it is an effective mean to insure safety of hydrogen fuel. In this study, an amperometric electrochemical H2 gas sensor based on room-temperature ionic liquid was developed, which was expected to be applicable to monitoring of H2 concentration in the hydrogen fuel cell ship. A threeelectrode H2 gas sensor was fabricated by using room-temperature ionic liquid N, N, N-trimethyl-Nbutanesulfonic acid ammonium hydrogen sulfate ([TMBSA][HSO4]) as electrolyte and using platinum black as catalyst. The H2 gas sensor not only had the advantages of the conventional aqueous electrolyte sensor, such as high sensitivity, fast response, and the linear relationship between the response current and the concentration of H2, but also overcame the problem that the conventional electrochemical gas sensor cannot be applied to high humidity environment. After storage in high-humidity environment (98% RH) for three weeks, the sensor had stable performances, with current signal drift less than 2.25%. The sensor has a good potential application prospect in ships with high temperature and humidity environment.
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Lassen, Michael. "DESMI lifts green ship business case." World Pumps 2015, no. 12 (December 2015): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-1762(15)30300-x.
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Guo, Ting Liang, Hui Xia Zhang, and Hong Juan Dai. "Analysis of Green Ships Design and Manufacturing Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 109 (October 2011): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.109.489.
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In this paper, introduces the ideal of green design and the technology of green manufacture in the process of ship building; analyzes the factors those impact the implement of the ideal of green design and the technology in the process of ship building. Puts forward some advises about how to speed up the progress of green design and manufacture technology in the process of shipbuilding.
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Guo, Qing, Shuzhen Yang, and Tao Yu. "A Novel Process Model of Ship Rust Removal by Premixed Abrasive Jet based on Neural Network." MATEC Web of Conferences 257 (2019): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925702007.
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In view of the technological requirements of the development of green shipbuilding technology on the effect of ship surface rust removal, the premixed abrasive jet technology is used to remove rust. Because the rust removal of ships with premixed abrasive jet is influenced by multiple parameters and has a high nonlinear relationship between various parameters, the accurate process model of it is difficult to establish. On the basis of artificial neural network modelling technology, the model of ship rust removal with premixed abrasive jet is built. The model takes the system pressure, the target distance, the moving speed of the spray gun and the particle size of the abrasive as input parameters, and the score which can most reflect the effect of the rust removal as output parameter. The test results show that the prediction error of the model is small, and it can better reflect the process rule between the effect of the premixed abrasive jet and the process parameters. We can guide the selection of process parameters according to the model.
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Xu, Hua Li, Hua Wang, Hui Xu, Xiong Kou, Cheng Li, Hong Sheng Yan, Zun Feng Du, and Wan Hai Xu. "Discuss on Green Shipbuilding Technology: Design and Material." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3296.
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Shipbuilding includes three very distinct industrial operations, which are manufacturing, shipping, and ship recycling and will get out very serious pollution to the environment. This article discusses the green shipbuilding way to minimize the impact that shipbuilding have on the environment over their life-cycle, which include ship green design and harmless material chosen. And then several operations of green shipbuilding were present.
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Qin, Zeru, Jingbo Yin, and Zhiqiang Cao. "Evaluation of Effects of Ship Emissions Control Areas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2611, no. 1 (January 2017): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2611-06.
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With the growing number of ships, emissions from the shipping industry now rank as one of the three major sources of air pollutants. This has aroused the concern of more and more countries and international organizations. To control shipping emissions, three ship emissions control areas (ECAs) have been set up in China. This study first evaluates the effectiveness of the ECA designed to reduce sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in the Shanghai, China, port area, and then estimates carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction by regarding the ECA as a reduced speed zone by using container ships’ data. The case study of the port of Shanghai finds that for the year 2020, a reduction in SO2 emissions by at least 103,998.17 tons can be achieved with the 12-nmi ECA of Shanghai port, CO2 emissions can be reduced by 827,733.64 tons with a 12-knot speed limit in the 12-nmi ECA, and an additional SO2 reduction of 522.23 tons can be achieved by slow steaming within the ECA. The results also show that adoption of a shoreside power supply system can lead to a remarkable reduction of all the air pollutant emissions inventories. The positive effect of emissions reduction is much more significant than the extra costs incurred by ship operators and ports. The goal of reductions in emissions to improve the air quality of port areas could be achieved through adopting these “green” port policies in the future.
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Borelli, Davide, Francesco Devia, Corrado Schenone, Federico Silenzi, and Luca Tagliafico. "Port Energy Supply Through An LNG-Powered Integrated Grid." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019709002.
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Ports are primary importance infrastructures when considering the transportation of people and goods across the planet. Two of the biggest issues linked to harbor areas are the pollutant emissions from moored ships, as well as the huge energy demand coming from ships and other activities that take place inside of the port boundaries. To tackle these challenges, the effort on the ship-side is to promote the transition to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) propulsion, while on the harbor-side is to implement electrical ship feeding. In general, using LNG for bunkering purposes implies its storage onshore using dedicated tanks. The regasification of LNG in situ can be exploited to cool down a water-brine flow (i.e. ethyl-alcohol and water). The cold brine can be used to increase the efficiency of a standard inverse cycle to produce cold (i.e. -30°C) used for refrigeration purposes inside ports. Then, the NG flow can be used to produce electrical energy with a standard turbogas cycle with energy recovery from flue gases. The generated electricity directly runs the standard inverse cycle with ethyl-alcohol and water brine to completely fulfill the energy demand for cold thermal power. The electricity still available is then used to supply the onboard systems of moored ships, or otherwise is sold to the users operating in the port. The flue gas coming from the turbogas plant can be used to provide both heating and process heat, through a dedicated heat exchanger and a natural gas boiler. The new envisaged plant can exploit all possible useful effects coming from the regasification process, helping to push towards a greener energy management system in harbor areas, through smart operative integration of the several available energy systems and the implementation of efficient energy smart grids.
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Kim, Mingyu, and Dong-Woo Park. "A Study on the Green Ship Design for Ultra Large Container Ship." Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment and Safety 21, no. 5 (October 31, 2015): 558–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2015.21.5.558.
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Nakas, Yannis, and Tobias Krapf. "Medieval Ship Graffiti from Amarynthos, Euboea, Greece." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 46, no. 2 (August 30, 2017): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1095-9270.12260.
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Tzannatos, Ernestos. "Ship emissions and their externalities for Greece." Atmospheric Environment 44, no. 18 (June 2010): 2194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.018.
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Cepowski, Tomasz. "Modelling of green water ingress into holds of an open-top containership in its preliminary design phase." Polish Maritime Research 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10012-008-0003-y.
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Modelling of green water ingress into holds of an open-top containership in its preliminary design phase In this paper a method is presented of modelling the green water ingress into holds of open-top containership, which can be useful in the preliminary ship design phase. As a result of the research a mathematical formula which makes it possible to determine a minimum freeboard height with a view of as- low- as- possible occurrence rate of green water ingress into holds at given ship design parameters, was obtained. The research was carried out under assumption of constant ship hull dimensions. The design formula was elaborated by using a method based on a goal-oriented conceptual approach to formulation of design criteria, proposed by IMO. On the basis of the concept a deterministic scenario describing operational conditions of the ship in question, was assumed, and for the conditions the research was performed.
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Du, Shuangxing, Dominic A. Hudson, W. Geraint Price, Pandeli Temarel, Ruizhang Chen, and Yousheng Wu. "Wavelet Analysis of Loads on a Flexible Ship Model Traveling in Large-Amplitude Waves." Journal of Ship Research 52, no. 04 (December 1, 2008): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2008.52.4.249.
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This study describes an application of a Daubechies wavelet function to analyze measured ship model data. The records of a self-propelled, flexible model of the S175 containership moving in waves are analyzed by fast Fourier transform (FFT) and wavelet methods. It is shown that the high-frequency component of the recorded rigid body motions can be omitted without substantially affecting the main features of the data set relating to dynamic loads. The decomposition of the bending moment time history into low-and high-frequency components allows the time of impact occurrence and its amplitude to be easily detected. Such quantities provide important information for the development of generic and realistic transient impact (e.g., slamming, green water) force models for ships traveling in waves.
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Nusyirwan, Deny, Muhammad Bayu Purnama, and Prasetya Perwira Putra Perdana. "PROSES PERANCANGAN INOVASI FORM KAPALKU GUNA PENDATAAN KEPUASAN PENUMPANG KAPAL FERRY DARI PELABUHAN TANJUNGPINANG." Jurnal Terapan Abdimas 5, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/jta.v5i2.5992.
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<p><strong><em>Abstract.</em></strong> <em>Passenger satisfaction is one of the important roles in companies and transportation services that are committed to social innovation. Maritime territories are areas which are mostly waters, in maritime areas, transportation services lead to the sea. The sea is a means of creating sea transportation called ships. The ship became one of the forms of transportation sophistication from the past until now. Ships are also one of the most reliable transportation in the maritime area, but at this time the problem arises because of the large number of ships and ship transportation services that are the livelihoods of the maritime community. That way the comparison between ships and ships is greatly improved, especially it can be concluded from the number of passengers and ship passenger charts. Today passenger satisfaction is given priority, especially in supporting facilities such as comfortable seats, conducive air conditioning, and good service. But the research method used in this innovation is the observation method which includes collecting data on user testing and user experience at that stage. The Kapalku Form is one of the innovations that applies passenger satisfaction data collection based on </em><em>information system</em><em>, the way it works is to press the selection button according to the colors provided, namely red, yellow, and green in each passenger seat. The incoming data will be calculated according to how many passengers press the button. Red means not satisfied, green means satisfied, and yellow means very satisfied. That way, data obtained through the sensitivity of the button will be sent via Bluetooth to Android. Furthermore, the data listed on android will appear on the monitor that can be accessed via Google form. The results of this study can be seen from the Google form data graph which is the android data transition through the sensitivity of the button, so that it can easily find out the level of service satisfaction on the ship in accordance with the criteria and improving the quality of the ship</em><em>.</em><em></em></p><p><strong>Abstrak.</strong> Kepuasan penumpang menjadi salah satu peran penting didalam perusahaan maupun jasa transportasi yang berdominan kepada inovasi sosial. Wilayah maritim adalah wilayah yang sebagaian besarnya adalah perairan, didalam wilayah maritim jasa transportasi mengarah kepada laut. Laut menjadi sarana terciptanya transportasi laut yang dinamakan kapal. Kapal menjadi salah satu bentuk kecanggihan transportasi dari dahulu hingga sekarang. Kapal juga menjadi salah satu transportasi yang dapat diandalkan tertuama di wilayah maritim, namun pada saat ini masalah muncul karena banyaknya kapal dan jasa transportasi kapal yang menjadi mata pencaharian masyarakat maritim. Dengan begitu perbandingan antara kapal dengan kapal sangat meningkat, tertutama bisa disimpulkan dari banyaknya penumpang dan grafik penumpang kapal. Dimasa sekarang kepuasan penumpang sangat diutamakan, terutama pada fasilitas yang mendukung seperti kursi yang nyaman, pendingin udara yang kondunsif, dan pelayanan yang baik. Namun metode penelitian yan digunakan pada inovasi ini adalah metode observasi yang mencakup pada pengambilan data pada user testing dan user experience pada tahapnya. Form Kapalku menjadi salah satu inovasi yang menerapkan pendataan kepuasan penumpang berbasis sistem informasi yang cara kerjanya adalah menekan tombol pilihan sesuai warna yang disediakan yaitu merah, kuning, dan hijau di masing-masing kursi penumpang. Data yang masuk akan di hitung sesuai dengan seberpaa banyak penumpang menekan tombol tersebut. Merah artinya tidak puas, hijau artinya puas, dan kuning artinya sangat puas. Dengan begitu, data yang didapatkan melalui kepekaan tombol akan dikirim melalui Bluetooth ke android. Selanjutnya data yang tertera di android akan tampil pada monitor yang dapat diakses melalui google form. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat dilihat dari grafik data google form yang merupakan transisi data android melalui kepekaan tombol, sehingga dapat dengan mudah mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pelayanan pada kapal sesuai dengan kiteria dan peningkatan mutu kualitas kapal tersebut.</p>
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Lee, Hyangsook, Dongjoo Park, Sangho Choo, and Hoang T. Pham. "Estimation of the Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory from Ships in the Port of Incheon." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 6, 2020): 8231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198231.
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Nowadays, maritime air pollution is regarded as a severe threat to coastal communities’ health. Therefore, many policies to reduce air pollution have been established worldwide. Moreover, there has been a shift in policy and research attention from greenhouse gases, especially CO2, to other air pollutants. To address the current local environmental challenges, this research analyzes the non-greenhouse gas emissions inventory (CO, NOx, SOx, PM, VOC, and NH3) from ships in the second biggest port in Korea, the Port of Incheon (POI). A bottom-up activity-based methodology with real-time vessel activity data produced by the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) is applied to obtain reliable estimations. NOx and SOx dominated the amount of emission emitted from ships. Tankers, general cargo ships, cruise ships, and container ships were identified as the highest sources of pollution. Based on the above results, this study discusses the need for long-term policies, such as the designation of a local emission control area (ECA) and the establishment of an emission management platform to reduce ship-source emissions. Furthermore, this study elucidates that significant emissions come from the docking process, ranging from 33.9% to 42.0% depending on the type of pollutant when only the auxiliary engines were being operated. Therefore, short-term solutions like applying exhausted gas cleaning systems, using on-shore power supplies, reducing docking time, or using greener alternative fuels (e.g., liquefied natural gas or biofuels) should be applied and motivated at the POI. These timely results could be useful for air quality management decision-making processes for local port operators and public agencies.
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Fang, Lei, and Pei Jun Zhuang. "Research on the Connotation of Life Cycle of Ship." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1544.
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Aiming at the problem that imperfections and discontinuities of ship's life-cycle theory in teamwork, cross-industry and application tools, the ship trajectories and space motion of ship in the whole life cycle were analyzed, and the space-time network model was established to discuss the changes and relations of all various stages and the connotation of life cycle of ship, the life cycle of ship was divide into the design, construction, operation and dismantling phases with the introduction of decision-maker, and pondered on the significance of the theories and models on green ship.
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YAMAKAWA, Hiroshi. "Ships in Mycenaean Greece." Bulletin of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan 40, no. 2 (1997): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5356/jorient.40.2_34.
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Sun, Shuzheng, Wenlei Du, and Hui Li. "Study on Green Water of Tumblehome Hull Using Dam-Break Flow and Ranse Models." Polish Maritime Research 24, s2 (August 28, 2017): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0080.
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Abstract The tumblehome hull adopts some novelty designs such as low-tumblehome freeboard and wave-piercing bow. The new form design makes the ship have many special hydrodynamic performances. Especially the green water of tumblehome hull is different from that of hulls with flare free board. Green water is a strong nonlinear phenomenon of ship-wave interaction, the variation of free surface of liquid is complicated, and there are still some difficulties to solve green water problems well with numerical simulation method. In this paper firstly the motion responses of the tumblehome hull was calculated based on 3D potential theory, and then the dam-break flow model was used to calculate green water height and pressure distribution. According to the result of numerical simulation, some typical working conditions are chosen for 3D CFD simulation using RANS method. The results of numerical simulation methods are compared with the experimental results measured in towing tank. The influence of different ship form parameters and wave parameters to the green water of tumblehome hull is analyzed, and some regularities of green water on tumblehome hull in regular waves are summarized.
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Liang, Hui, and Xiaobo Chen. "Viscous effects on the fundamental solution to ship waves." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 879 (October 1, 2019): 744–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.698.
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The fundamental solution to steady ship waves accounting for viscous effects (the viscous-ship-wave Green function) is investigated within the framework of the weakly damped free-surface flow theory. An explicit expression of the viscous-ship-wave Green function is firstly derived, and an accurate and efficient technique is described to evaluate the Green function via decomposing the free-surface term into the local-flow component and wave component. To delve into the physical features of the viscous-ship-wave Green function, the asymptotic approximations in the far field due to Kelvin, Havelock and Peters are presented for the flow-field point located inside, at and outside the Kelvin wedge. In addition, uniform approximations to the wave component based on the Chester–Friedman–Ursell (CFU) approximation and the Kelvin–Havelock–Peters (KHP) approximation are carried out. Both numerical evaluation and asymptotic approximations show that the singular behaviour is eliminated and the divergent waves associated with large wavenumbers leading to rapid oscillations are severely damped when viscous effects are accounted for. In addition, viscous effects also alter the apparent wake angle associated with the wave pattern created by a high-speed translating source, and the apparent wake angle is dependent on both $\mathscr{U}^{-1}$ and $\mathscr{U}^{-2}$, where $\mathscr{U}$ is the translating speed of the source.