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1

Schultz, Lisa. "Understanding the Greenhouse Effect Using a Computer Model." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SchultzL2009.pdf.

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2

Li, Chi-cheong Markus. "The trading of greenhouse gas." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575485.

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3

Ferris, Rachel. "Growth and function of four chalk grassland herbs in elevated CO←2." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238918.

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4

Holt, Christopher Paul. "Climate change and future water resources in Wales." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320755.

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5

Li, Chi-cheong Markus, and 李志昌. "The trading of greenhouse gas." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575485.

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6

Incemehmetoglu, Ali. "Investigation The Effects Of Different Support Medium On Product With Nutrient Film Technique." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615360/index.pdf.

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Hydroponics basically is the method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil. Vertical nutrient film technique (NFT) is one of the most used hydroponic technique that has constant flow of nutrient solution. In this study the effects of different support medium on strawberry quality and yield using vertical NFT in glass greenhouse was investigated. NFT-only system was compared to rockwool, coco fiber, perlite and expanded clay as supporting medium for strawberry production. Parameters such as weight of product, amount of product, rate of marketable product, and including physico-chemical properties such as pH, rigidity, color, dry matter amount, EC, vitamin C, sugar content, resistance to certain pathogens were observed among all supporting medium trials. NFT-only system significantly differed from other supporting medium trails by most of the parameters including fruit number per plant, average fruit weight, toughness of the fruit, vitamin C amount, sugar amount and finally soluble solid material amount in water . Revealing the effects of supporting medium on strawberry production shed light on how should NFT must be applied to fruit growing.
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7

Stickland, Trevor W. "The greenhouse effect: common misconceptions and effective instruction /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/physsp/3.

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Thesis (B.A.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009.
Project advisor: John Keller. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Jan. 14, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.
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8

Al-Batty, Sirhan Ibrahim. "Utilization of CO2 to Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Effect." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271443724.

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9

Thompson, Guy Bradshaw. "The influence of CO←2 enrichment on the growth, nitrogen concentration and mildew infection of cereals." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241217.

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10

Parkinson, Stuart D. "The application of stochastic modelling techniques to global climate change." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240453.

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11

Goodess, Clare. "The construction of daily rainfall scenarios for Mediterranean sites using a circulation-type approach to downscaling." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327208.

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12

Ringer, Mark Adam. "Interannual variability of the earth's radiation budget and cloudiness : a satellite view." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319652.

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13

Rochefort, Line. "Atmospheric CO←2 and environmental determinants of plant growth : a model with Sinapis alba L." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240047.

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14

McKee, Ian Fraser. "Plant physiological and growth responses to elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO←2." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241094.

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15

Kennedy, Jane. "Factors affecting the retention of dissolved organic carbon in upland soils." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU100041.

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The aim of this thesis was to investigate soil and environmental factors which influence the adsorption of DOC in upland, moorland soils. In Chapter 1 climate change, the greenhouse effect and the global carbon cycle are discussed briefly. A more detailed discussion of carbon cycling in the plant-soil-water system focuses on DOC retention in podzols and the review concludes with a summary of the aims of this thesis. A peaty podzol has greater potential to retain DOC than the other major soil types within the Glen Dye catchment, N.E. Scotland. Retention of DOC by physico-chemical surface interactions occurred in the mineral horizons of the soil where locally high concentrations of amorphous Fe and Al were present. Laboratory experiments using potassium hydrogen phthalate as a source of DOC showed that DOC retention is favoured by longer contact times between soil and solution. Net retention of DOC in the podzol profile is decreased by increasing the solution pH and by repeated wetting/drying and freezing/thawing cycles. As temperature and reaction time increased, respiration becomes more important as a mechanism for depleting solution phthalate DOC concentrations. Annual fluxes of DOC in precipitation, podzolic O, E and Bs soil horizon solution and stream water were estimated for the Burn of Waterhead catchment to be 35, 121, 83, 37 and 48 kg C ha-1yr-1 respectively. The DOC fluxes and the concentrations of related elements varied seasonally, with the largest DOC fluxes produced in the autumn and lowest in the summer. The annual DOC flux from the Burn of Waterhead was lower than fluxes from other catchments at Glen Dye. Results from the field site supported laboratory experimental results which suggested that climate change will result in an increase in the DOC flux from results which suggested that climate change will result in an increase in the DOC flux from peaty podzolic soil.
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16

O'Donnell, Chris. "The response of Avena fatua to the enhanced greenhouse effect /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17124.pdf.

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17

Rotmans, Jan. "IMAGE an integrated model to assess the greenhouse effect /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1990. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5579.

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18

Allan, Richard Philip. "Modelling the variability of the earth's radiation budget." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267431.

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19

Pipatti, Riitta. "Emission estimtes for some acidifying and greenhouse gases and options for their control in Finland /." Espoo : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1998. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/1998/P340.pdf.

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20

Valdez, Aguilar Luis Alonso. "Effect of alkalinity in irrigation water on selected greenhouse crops." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2773.

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Effect of Alkalinity in Irrigation Water on Selected Greenhouse Crops. (August 2004) Luis Alonso Valdez Aguilar, B.S., Universidad Aut??noma de Nuevo Le??n, Mexico; M.S., Universidad Aut??noma Chapingo, Mexico Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. David Wm. Reed Bicarbonate (HCO3-) and carbonate (CO32-) are the most important ions that determine alkalinity. When the carbonates accumulate in a growing medium, the growing medium solution pH reaches levels that cause plant growth inhibition, which is caused primarily by the transformation of soluble forms of Fe into insoluble forms. The general objective of this research was to provide information about the limits of tolerance to alkalinity in ornamental plants, and to study the interaction of ions such as ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) on the response of plants to alkalinity, as well as the effect of the counter-ions potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), cesium (Cs+), ammonium (NH4+) and rubidium (Rb+). The maximum SPAD index was estimated to occur at 0 mM of NaHCO3 in chrysanthemum, mini-rose, and hibiscus ??Bimini Breeze?? and ??Mango Breeze??. For vinca it was set at 2.64 mM. A 15% decrease from the maximum SPAD index was considered the threshold to declare the toxic concentration of NaHCO3, which was calculated based on the maximum SPAD index predicted by the models. The toxic concentration of NaHCO3 was set at 4.1, 1.1, 6.7, 3.1, and 6.3 mM of NaHCO3 in chrysanthemum, mini-rose, vinca, and hibiscus ??Mango Breeze?? and ??Bimini Breeze??, respectively. Hibiscus ??Bimini Breeze?? was considered tolerant to alkalinity, due to increased Fe-reduction capacity and acidification of the growing medium. In the hydroponic experiment, results showed that the NH4+:NO3- ratio altered the response of sunflower plants to alkalinity. Sunflower plants grew better in solutions containing 5 mM NaHCO3 prepared with a 0.25:0.75 NH4+:NO3- ratio. This was possible due to the reaction of NH4+ with the HCO3-, which reduced its buffering capacity. The response to HCO3--induced alkalinity was modified by the counter-cation of HCO3-. In bean plants, at low-to-intermediate levels of Na+ and HCO3- induced approximately same growth decrease. At high concentration, Na+ induced a decrease on shoot growth that exceeded the toxic effects of HCO3-. Thus, the toxic effect of Na+ is higher than that of HCO3- when its concentration is high. Rubidium was extremely toxic at concentrations of 7.5 mM.
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21

Dürr, Bruno. "The greenhouse effect in the alps - by models and observations /." [Zürich], 2004. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=15668.

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22

Marty, Christoph. "Surface radiation, cloud forcing and greenhouse effect in the Alps /." Zürich, 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13609.

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23

Webb, Leanne Beryl. "The impact of projected greenhouse gas-induced climate change on the Australian wine industry /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003030.

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24

Kelly, Geoffrey. "National policy choices for an international problem case studies in greenhouse policy /." Access electronically, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/86.

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25

Nettleton, Stuart John. "Benchmarking climate change strategies under constrained resource usage /." Electronic version, 2009. http://utsescholarship.lib.uts.edu.au/iresearch/scholarly-works/handle/2100/1012.

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26

Jachym, Anne-Laure. "Economic Growth, Greenhouse Gases and Environmental Regulation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38154.

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Dans cette étude, nous cherchons à mesurer l’impact des émissions anthropogéniques de gaz à effet de serre sur la croissance économique dans un modèle de convergence conditionnelle. Nous nous intéressons au dioxyde de carbone, au méthane, au protoxyde d’azote et au groupe des "gaz F", ainsi qu’à l’effet de la somme de ces polluants, c’est-à-dire la quasi totalité des gaz à effet de serre. Notre échantillon est composé de 81 pays, avec une variété de niveaux de revenu par habitant, entre 1993 et 2012. Nous définissons deux sous-périodes de 10 ans et nous régressons la croissance économique sur la croissance des émissions de chaque polluant séparément, sur le PIB de la première année de la période et sur plusieurs variables de contrôle. Face au risque de biais de causalité inversée entre les émissions de pollution et la croissance économique, et entre l’investissement et la croissance économique, nous décidons d’utiliser les données passées comme variables instrumentales. Plus précisément, les données de la première année de la période sont utilisées comme instruments pour la pollution et l’investissement. Mis à part le CO2, nous trouvons qu’aucun des gaz à effet de serre n’a d’impact significatif sur la croissance économique. La croissance des émissions de CO2 semble avoir un impact positif sur la croissance économique. Cet impact apparaît moins fort sur la seconde période (2003-2012) que sur la première (1993-2002). De plus, il semble plus fort pour la moitié la plus riche des pays de notre échantillon.
In this study, we investigate the effect of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on economic growth in a conditional convergence framework. We look at carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and the group of "F gases", as well as the effect of the sum of these pollutants, i.e. almost all greenhouse gases. Our sample is composed of 81 countries with a variety of per capita income levels and covers the period between 1993 and 2012. We define two ten-year periods and regress economic growth on emissions growth of each pollutant separately, on the first-year GDP of the period and on several control variables. To address the issue of inverse causality bias between pollution emissions and economic growth, as between investment and economic growth, we use an instrumental variable methodology. We use past data to instrument pollution and investment. More precisely, the data of the first year of the period are used as instruments. We find that, except for CO2, greenhouse gas emissions growth does not generate economic growth. CO2 emissions growth has a positive impact on economic growth. Interestingly, this impact is less pronounced between 2003 and 2012, as compared to the 1993-2002 period. In addition, the impact of CO2 emissions growth is stronger in the richer half of countries in our sample.
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27

Anselmo, Christophe. "Atmospheric greenhouse gases detection by optical similitude absorption spectroscopy." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1131/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur le développement théorique et expérimental d’une nouvelle méthodologie de détection des gaz à effet de serre basée sur la spectroscopie optique d’absorption. La question posée était : est-il possible d’évaluer de manière univoque la concentration d’un gaz à partir d’une mesure par spectroscopie d’absorption différentielle, dans laquelle l’étendue spectrale de la source lumineuse est plus large que celle d’une ou de plusieurs raies d'absorption de la molécule considérée et que, de plus la détection n’est pas résolue spectralement ? La réponse à cette question permettra d’entrevoir à terme le développer d’un instrument de télédétection de terrain robuste sans contrainte opto-mécanique majeure aussi bien sur la source laser que sur la chaîne de détection.Ces travaux ont donné lieu au développement d’une nouvelle méthodologie que l’on dénomme « Optical Similitude Absorption Spectroscopy » (OSAS) ou spectroscopie d’absorption optique de similitude. Cette méthodologie permet donc de déterminer de manière quantitative une concentration d’un gaz à partir de mesures d’absorption différentielle non résolue spectralement sans procédure de calibration en concentration. Ceci demande alors une connaissance précise de la densité spectrale de la source lumineuse et du système de détection. Ces travaux publiés ont permis de démontrer que cette nouvelle méthodologie est dans le domaine spectral du proche infrarouge peu sensible aux conditions thermodynamiques du gaz observé. D’autre part, ces travaux ont permis de mettre en exergue l’inversion de la Loi de Beer-Lambert non résolue spectralement ce qui donne lieu à la résolution d’un système analytique non linéaire. À cette fin le développement d’un nouvel algorithme d’inversion de ce type de mesures a pu être vérifié expérimentalement en laboratoire sur le méthane, en exploitant aussi bien des sources à large bande spectrale cohérente et non cohérente. La détection de cette molécule dans l’atmosphère a pu être réalisée dans le cadre de ces travaux en couplant judicieusement la méthodologie OSAS et la technique Lidar. Ces travaux ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives sur la détection de gaz à effet de serre dans le domaine spectral infrarouge ainsi que la possibilité de détecter plusieurs molécules d’intérêt atmosphérique simultanément
This thesis concerns the theoretical and experimental development of a new methodology for greenhouse gases detection based on the optical absorption. The problem relies on the unambiguous retrieval of a gas concentration from differential absorption measurements, in which the spectral width of the light source is wider than one or several absorption lines of the considered target gas given that the detection is not spectrally resolved. This problem could lead to the development of a robust remote sensing instrument dedicated to greenhouse gas observation, without strong technology limitations on the laser source as well as on the detection system. Solving this problem, we could propose a new methodology named: "Optical Similitude Absorption Spectroscopy" (OSAS).This methodology thus allows to determine a quantitative target gas concentration from non-resolved differential absorption measurements avoiding the use of a gas concentration calibration procedure. Thereby, a precise knowledge of the emitted power spectral density of the light source and the efficiency of the detection system are needed.This work that has been recently published could demonstrate that this new methodology applied on the NIR remains accurate even in the presence of strong atmospheric pressure and temperature gradients. Moreover, we show that inverting spectrally integrated measurements which follow the Beer-Lambert law leads to solve a nonlinear system. For this, a new inversion algorithm has been developed. It was experimentally verified in laboratory on methane by using coherent and non-coherent broadband light sources. The detection of methane in the atmosphere could be also realized by coupling the OSAS methodology and the Lidar technique. Outlooks are proposed and especially on the detection of greenhouse gases in the infrared spectral domain as well as the ability to simultaneously detect several atmospheric molecules of interest
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28

Chadwick, David R. "The effect of climate on decomposition in forest ecosystems." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282376.

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29

Baiardi, Martina. "Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the pharmaceutical industry." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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This paper is focused on the greenhouse gas emissions in the pharmaceutical sector. The case study reported is that of Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., a pharmaceutical company based in Parma. Sustainability has always been a primary concern in the way Chiesi operates. Fully aware of the climate emergency that the planet Earth is tackling, Chiesi has set itself a challenge and announces its commitment to becoming carbon neutral by the end 2035, reducing its greenhouse gas emissions and offsetting emissions that are no further reducible to achieve a net zero carbon footprint. There are several existing initiatives to achieve the Carbon Neutrality. The most important initiatives are the transition to a new propellant, that has a much smaller GWP than that of the actual propellant, and the installation of an abatement system to lower the emissions during the manufacturing phase of spray products. These initiatives are used to present reduction targets to the Science Based Target initiative. Science-based targets provide a clearly defined pathway for companies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, helping prevent the worst impacts of climate change and future-proof business growth. Targets are considered ‘science-based’ if they are in line with what the latest climate science deems necessary to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement, limiting global warming to well-below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit warming to 1.5°C. Chiesi is investing a lot of time and money to set its reduction targets in line with the Paris Agreement, but the present study demonstrates that the there are several important benefits. This is a clear evidence that suggests that financial and environmental performances are far from being exclusive and this is the road to follow both for the public and the private sectors.
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Sarofim, Marcus C., Chris Eliot Forest, David M. Reiner, and John M. Reilly. "Stabilization and Global Climate Policy." MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/5423.

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Academic and political debates over long-run climate policy often invoke “stabilization” of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), but only rarely are non-CO2 greenhouse gases addressed explicitly. Even though the majority of short-term climate policies propose trading between gases on a global warming potential (GWP) basis, discussions of whether CO2 concentrations should be 450, 550, 650, or perhaps as much as 750 ppm leave unstated whether there should be no additional forcing from other GHGs beyond current levels or whether separate concentration targets should be established for each GHG. Here we use an integrated modeling framework to examine multi-gas stabilization in terms of temperature, economic costs, carbon uptake, and other important consequences. We show that there are significant differences in both costs and climate impacts between different "GWP equivalent" policies and demonstrate the importance of non-CO2 GHG reduction on timescales of up to several centuries.
Abstract in HTML and technical report in PDF available on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change website (http://mit.edu/globalchange/www/).
Sarofim was supported in part by a Martin Sustainability Fellowship
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31

Denari, Gabriela Bueno. "Relação entre complexidade e história da ciência : contribuições a partir do tema efeito estufa na análise de um curso de formação /." Bauru, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182146.

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Orientador: João José Caluzi
Banca: Cibelle Celestino Silva
Banca: Deividi Marcio Marques
Banca: Silvia Regina Quijadas Aro Zuliani
Banca: Marcelo Carbone Carneiro
Resumo: As questões ambientais estão cada vez mais sendo discutidas na sociedade. Contudo, de acordo com o autor francês Edgar Morin, para entendê-las em completude, é preciso ter uma mudança de percepção de mundo, buscando religar os pensamentos que foram fragmentados ao longo dos séculos, tanto no contexto social como no educacional. Mudar o pensamento não é um processo trivial e a História da Ciência (HC) pode ser uma boa ferramenta para os estudos da complexidade, possibilitando melhor compreensão sobre as visões contemporâneas da ciência e suas consequências em assuntos amplamente discutidos. Frente aos debates ambientais, foi escolhido como motivação das discussões da presente tese o tema efeito estufa intensificado e suas consequentes alterações no clima. Há pesquisas que relacionam o pensamento complexo com o ensino de ciências e a HC com ensino, mas são quase ausentes as que proponham ou investiguem conexões entre a tríade complexidade, HC e ensino. Diante da suposição de que a HC pode auxiliar a desenvolver o pensamento complexo, o objetivo do trabalho foi identificar a possível relação entre os princípios da complexidade de Edgar Morin e categorias de HC a partir dos estudos do efeito estufa intensificado - na teoria e com estudantes em cursos de formação docente. Foi utilizada a pesquisa qualitativa para o desenvolvimento da tese em duas etapas: a primeira - chamada de estudos teóricos - foi importante para dar base para as discussões na segunda etapa - denominada ativida... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Environmental issues are increasingly being discussed in society. However, according to French author Edgar Morin, in order to understand them in completeness, it is necessary to have a change of world perception, seeking to reconnect the thoughts that have been fragmented over the centuries, both in the social and educational context. Changing thinking is not a trivial process and the History of Science (HS) can be a good tool for studying complexity, enabling a better understanding of contemporary views of science and its consequences on widely discussed subjects. In the face of environmental debates, the intensified greenhouse effect theme and its consequent changes in climate were chosen as motivation of the discussions of this thesis. There is research that links complex thinking with science teaching and HS with teaching, but there are almost no ones who propose or investigate connections between the triad complexity, HS and teaching. Given the assumption that HS can help to develop complex thinking, the objective of this work was to identify the possible relationship between the principles of complexity of Edgar Morin and HS categories from studies of the intensified greenhouse effect - in theory and with students in teacher training courses. Qualitative research was used for the development of the thesis in two stages: the first - called theoretical studies - was important to provide the basis for the discussions of the second stage - called activities with licensees.... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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32

Assunção, Marcelo Henrique Correa [UNESP]. "Emissões de gases do efeito estufa em sistemas multitróficos de aquicultura." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150932.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o fluxo de gases do efeito estufa (GEE) em viveiros de criação de organismos aquáticos. Nós testamos se o uso de sistemas multitróficos e multiespaciais (IMTA), povoados com lambari-do-rabo-amarelo (Astyanax lacustris) e camarão-da-amazônia (Macrobrachium amazonicum) numa região tropical, altera o fluxo de gases do efeito estufa em comparação com um sistema de monocultivo de A. lacustris. Nós desenvolvemos um experimento em viveiros de fundo natural com três tratamentos e quatro réplicas: monocultivo (Tetra), IMTA livre (Free IMTA) e IMTA tanque rede (Cage IMTA). O experimento durou 68 dias, entre os meses de novembro e janeiro de 2016. Nós mensuramos os fluxos de dióxido de carbono (CO2), metano (CH4) e óxido nitroso (N2O) por meio das metodologias difusiva e dissolvida. A média dos fluxos na metodologia difusiva foi de -8.93 mg.m-2.h-1 para o CO2, -0.88 mg.m-2.h-1 para o CH4 e 1.78 mg.m-2.h-1 para o N2O. A concentração de CO2 variou de 0.0481 a 0.6668 mg.L-1, CH4 de 0.0003 a 0.0053 mg.L-1 e N2O de 0.0789 a 0.1177 mg.L-1. Nossos resultados indicam variação ao longo do tempo, com maior fluxo de GEE no início do experimento, diminuição ao longo do período de cultivo e tendência de neutralidade com relação a emissão de GEE no final do período experimental.
CNPq: 147409/2013-6
CNPq: 473199/2011-4
CNPq: 306361/2014-0
FAPESP: 2012/18593-5
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33

Anouti, Abdel Rahman Jamil. "THE INFLUENCE OF WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE GREENHOUSE FILMS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION OF FLORICULTURAL CROPS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275442.

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Manning, Gregory A. "An apparatus to investigate photon induced gaseous reactions using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974659.

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Hamdache, Samar. "Photochimie et devenir des pesticides utilisés dans les serres agricoles au Liban : effets de mélange, de photosensibilisation et de support." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC071/document.

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L’objectif principal de cette thèse était de mieux comprendre le comportement photochimique des pesticides pulvérisés dans les serres agricoles à Menyeh-Liban Nord. La première partie du travail a été consacrée à l’analyse des échantillons de poivrons verts, concombres, tomates, des films de plastique et de l’air récupérés dans ces serres agricoles. Nous avons quantifié et suivi par HPLC-HR-MS les résidus de 4 pesticides: bifénazate (BIF), acétamipride, imidaclopride et thiophanate méthyl (TM) dans les échantillons de légumes extraits par la méthode QUECHERS. Les quantités retrouvées durant les 6 jours suivant la pulvérisation étaient bien supérieures aux MRLs imposées pour chaque pesticide. Par ailleurs, des photoproduits de TM, BIF et de l’imidaclopride ont été détectés dans les solutions de rinçage de la surface des tomates, des concombres et des poivrons verts, démontrant ainsi la possibilité de photodégradation des pesticides à l’intérieur d’une serre agricole. L’analyse de la phase gazeuse par GC-MS a révélé la libération de terpènes, d’alcanes et d’aldéhydes comme réponse des plantes au stress de température et de pulvérisation. Dans une deuxième partie, on a détaillé les mécanismes de transformation photochimique du BIF et du TM sous irradiations simulées. La photodégradation de TM avait un caractère autoaccéléré qui n’a jamais été rapporté dans la littérature. Une étude détaillée nous a permis de démontrer que cette auto-accélération est due à la formation d’un photoproduit photosensibilisateur dérivé de la quinoxaline. Quant au BIF, sa vitesse de dégradation et la nature des produits dépendaient du milieu (ACN, eau, cire et poivron verts). Ces travaux ont mis en évidence l’effet de support et de mélange sur le comportement photochimique des pesticides
The main purpose of this work was to better understand the photochemical behavior of pesticides used in agricultural greenhouses in Menyeh-North Lebanon. The first part was dedicated to the analysis of green peppers, cucumbers, tomatoes, plastic films and air samples from these agricultural greenhouses. HPLC-HR-MS was used to quantify and monitor the residues of 4 pesticides: bifenazate (BIF), acetamiprid, imidacloprid and thiophanate methyl (TM) after QUECHERS extraction of the vegetables samples. The quantities of pesticides found within 6 days after spraying were well above the MRLs imposed for each one. Then, the photoproducts of TM, BIF and imidacloprid were identified after rinsing the surface of tomatoes, cucumbers and green peppers. This demonstrated the possibility of photodegradation of pesticides even inside an agricultural greenhouse. Gas phase analysis by GC-MS revealed the presence of terpenes, alkanes and aldehydes as the response of plants to temperature and spraying stresses. In a second part, we studied the photochemical mechanisms of BIF and TM in the laboratory under simulated irradiation. The auto-accelerated photodegradation of TM was reported for the first time. A detailed study enabled us to demonstrate that this auto-acceleration was due to the formation of a photosensitizing photoproduct derived from quinoxaline. The rate of degradation of BIF and the nature of the products were dependent on the medium (ACN, water, wax and green peppers). These results highlighted the effect of support and mixture on the photochemical behavior of pesticides
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Klaus, Marcus. "Land use effects on greenhouse gas emissions from boreal inland waters." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-134767.

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Anthropogenic activities perturb the global carbon and nitrogen cycle with large implications for the earth’s climate. Land use activities deliver excess carbon and nitrogen to aquatic ecosystems. In the boreal biome, this is mainly due to forestry and atmospheric deposition. Yet, impacts of these anthropogenically mediated inputs of carbon and nitrogen on the processing and emissions of greenhouse gases from recipient streams and lakes are largely unknown. Understanding the ecosystem-scale response of aquatic greenhouse gas cycling to land use activities is critical to better predict anthropogenic effects on the global climate system and design more efficient climate change mitigation measures. This thesis assesses the effects of forest clearcutting and nitrate enrichment on greenhouse gas emissions from boreal inland waters. It also advances methods to quantify sources and sinks of these emissions. Short-term clearcut and nitrate enrichment effects were assessed using two whole-ecosystem experiments, carried out over four years in nine headwater catchments in boreal Sweden. In these experiments, I measured or modeled air-water fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), combining concentration, ebullition and gas-transfer velocity measurements in groundwater, streams and lakes. By using Swedish national monitoring data, I also assessed broad-scale effects of forest clearcutting by relating CO2 concentrations in 439 forest lakes to the areal proportion of catchment forest clearcuts. To improve quantifications of CO2 sources and sinks in lakes, I analyzed time series of oxygen concentrations and water temperature in five lakes on conditions under which whole-lake metabolism estimates can be inferred from oxygen dynamics given the perturbing influence of atmospheric exchange, mixing and internal waves. The experiments revealed that aquatic greenhouse gas emissions did not respond to nitrate addition or forest clearcutting. Importantly, riparian zones likely buffered clearcut-induced increases in groundwater CO2 and CH4 concentrations. Experimental results were confirmed by monitoring data showing no relationship between CO2 patterns across Swedish lakes and clearcut gradients. Yet, conclusions on internal vs. external CO2 controls largely depended on whether spatially or temporally resolved data was used. Partitioning CO2 sources and sinks in lakes using time series of oxygen was greatly challenged by physical transport and mixing processes. Conclusively, ongoing land use activities in the boreal zone are unlikely to have major effect on headwater greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, system- and scale specific effects cannot be excluded. To reveal these effects, there is a large need of improved methods and design of monitoring programs that account for the large spatial and temporal variability in greenhouse gas dynamics and its controls by abiotic and biotic factors.
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Aras, Sadiye. "Effects of Precipitation Changes on Switchgrass Biomass and Greenhouse Gas Emission." Thesis, Tennessee State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10615045.

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Climate change and the energy crisis are two important issues we face in the world today. Bioenergy crops such as switchgrass could be very useful in solving these problems. But the interaction between switchgrass productivity and climate change, for example, precipitation changes, has not been well investigated. For this reason, we conducted a field precipitation experiment in Nashville, Tennessee, to study the effects of precipitation on switchgrass growth and soil respiration. Precipitation treatments included five levels: a control (ambient precipitation), +33%, +50% of ambient to simulate wet, and -33% and -50% of ambient to simulate drought treatments. We measured switchgrass physiology, roots, biomass, and soil respiration. Results showed that photosynthetic rates of switchgrass in the +33% and +50% treatments were about 19.5 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1, significantly higher than that in the other three treatments. The lowest one was found in the -50% treatment (17.26 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1). The biomass in the +50% treatment was the highest and the lowest was observed in the -50% treatment. The results indicate that, although switchgrass is a drought tolerant grass, high precipitation stimulates switchgrass photosynthesis and growth.

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Goldthorpe, Ward Hilary. "Carbon capture and storage and the Australian climate policy framework. /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7058.

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Avise, Jeremy Charles. "Global change and regional air quality impacts of climate, land-use, and emissions changes /." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2007/J_Avise_120907.pdf.

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Smit, Johannes Nicolaas. "Die invloed van boor, trosvibrasie en relatiewe humiditeit van die trosatmosfeer op die bestuiwing van kweekhuistamaties (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53380.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa tomato production in greenhouses normally occurs out of season when conditions are unfavourable for production and for the pollination process. Pollination is of special importance and the backbone of production. High temperatures contribute to the formation of abnormalities in flower morphology such as splitting of the anther cone and style exsertion. Low temperatures inhibit growth of the anther cone and therefore the style is uncovered. The movement of pollen from the anther to the style is inhibited by the higher style position in relation to the anther cone. Under humid conditions the pollen tends to stick to the anther surface. Another factor contributing to the problem is the banning of European bumble bees in South Africa. Alternative methods of pollen transport have to be found. Truss vibration, honey bees and plant growth regulators (PGR) are the most popular alternatives. Truss vibration and the use of PGR's are labour intensive and honey bees tend to get disorientated inside a plastic greenhouse. During the first part of this study pollen from plants, grown at four different B-levels (0.02; 0.16; 0.32 and 0.64 mg rl) was germinated in vitro. It was kept at different temperatures and periods before incubating on different growth media. No proof was found that pollen from B-deficient plants germinated poorly. Germination of pollen decreased significantly after one week storage. Deterioration of pollen viability could be lowered by storage at 5°C. At least 10% sucrose is needed in the growth medium for in vitro germination but addition ofB had no positive effect. In a second phase of the study, the influence of the mentioned B application rates were tested. The experiment was done in a glasshouse where temperatures were mechanically regulated (22°C and 10°C day/night). Seedlings of the greenhouse tomato cultivar, Abigail, were planted in acid washed river sand. Plants were grown with the main stem trellised vertically and the side shoots removed weekly. Only the first, third and fourth cluster were used for this part of the study. The uptake of all the essential nutrient elements, fruit set, the relation of larger to smaller fruits, physical and chemical quality and fruit shelf life were evaluated. The application of B at higher rates increased the uptake of Ca and decreased K-uptake. Fruit set, fruit development, fruit color and shelf life were the best at a B-Ievel of 0.16 mg r'. At this rate the abortion of flowers was the least. The same plants were used for the second part of the study, using the third cluster. The influence of the same four B-Ievels, the relative humidity (RH) of the truss atmosphere and truss vibrations were tested. The second cluster was covered with a plastic bag. Dry {AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verbouing van kweekhuistamaties in Suid-Afrika geskied meestalonder toestande wat ongunstig is vir produksieprosesse en veral die bestuiwingsproses wat die basis van produksie is. Onder toestande van hoë temperature is die voorkoms van afwykings in die blommorfologie (gesplete meeldraadbuis en verlengde styl) algemeen. Net so, onder toestande van lae temperature, sal gebrekkige groei van die meeldraadkrans ook tot die blootstelling van die stempel lei. Die oordraging van die stuifmeel vanaf die helmknop na die stempel word hierdeur benadeel. Tydens humiede toestande mag vasklewing van stuifmeel aan die helmknoppe ook die beweging van stuifmeel belemmer. 'n Verdere faktor wat tot die probleem bydra is die verbod op die invoer van hommelbye uit Europa. Alternatiewe metodes vir oordraging van stuifmeel moet dus gevind word. Trosvibrasie, heuningbye en die gebruik van plantgroeireguleerders (PGR's) is die mees populêre alternatiewe. Trosvibrasie met 'n 'polli-bee' en die aanwending van PGR's is arbeidsintensief. Heuningbye ondervind navigasieprobleme in plastiek kweekhuise en is nie so effektief as hommelbye nie. Tydens die eerste fase van die ondersoek is stuifmeel vanaf plante, wat by vier verskillende Bvoedingspeile (0.02; 0.16; 0.32 en 0.64 mg rl) verbou is, versamel en in vitro ontkiem. Dit is by verskillende temperature en periodes opgeberg en op verskillende media vir ontkieming geïnkubeer. Geen bewyse kon gevind word dat stuifmeel vanaf B-gebrekkige plante swak ontkiem nie. Kiemkrag van stuifmeel het na sewe dae opberging betekenisvol verswak. Verswakking in kiemkrag kon beperk word deur die stuifmeel by SoC op te berg. 'n Ontkiemingsmedium met ten minste 10% sukrose is vir goeie in vitro ontkieming van stuifmeelkorrels nodig terwyl die byvoeging van B geen voordelige effek getoon het nie. Tydens die tweede gedeelte van hierdie ondersoek is die invloed van die genoemde vier B-voedingspeile ondersoek. Die ondersoek is in 'n glashuis, waarvan die temperature meganies beheer is (22°C en 10°C dag/nag), uitgevoer. Plantmateriaal van die kweekhuistamatiekultivar, Abigail, is in suurgewasde riviersand geplant. Hoofstamme is vertikaalopgelei en die sylote is een maal per week uitgebreek. Die eerste, derde en vierde bloeiwyses is vir die ondersoek gebruik. Die opname van al die essensiële voedingselemente (blaarontledings), vrugset, die verhouding van groot vrugte tot kleiner vrugte, fisiese en chemiese kwaliteite van die vrugte en die raklewe daarvan is ge-evalueer. Die toediening van B teen hoër peile het die opname van Ca ten koste van K bevoordeel. Die beste resultate ten opsigte van vrugset, vrugontwikkeling, vrugkleur en die houvermoë (raklewe) van die vrugte is verkry teen 'n B-toedieningspeil van 0.16 mg.l'. Vir die derde gedeelte van die ondersoek is die tweede tros van dieselfde aanplanting gebruik. Die invloed van die vier B-voedingspeile, relatiewe humiditeit (RH) van die omgewing rondom die tros en trosvibrasie is ondersoek. Die tweede bloeiwyse is met 'n deursigtige plastieksakkie bedek. Droë {dO% relatiewe humiditeit (RH)}, normale {60-75% RH} en vogtige {85-97% RH} lug is teen 50 ml min-1 oor die tros gestuur. Trosvibrasie is as derde faktor teen twee peile gebruik deur trosse daagliks met 'n elekriese vibreerder ("polli-bee') te vibreer. Die aantal blomme per tros, vrugte per tros, vrugset, trosmassa (opbrengs), vrugmassa, aantal sade, vrugmassa per saad en blom-end-verrotting (BER) is ge-evalueer. Die toediening van hoër B-voedingspeile, 60-75% RH lug en trosvibrasies het vrugmassa, trosmassa en vrugset bevoordeel. Hoë lugvog het die omvang van BER verhoog, waarskynlik weens 'n gebrek aan transpirasie vanaf die vrugoppervlakke wat aanleiding tot 'n beperking in translokasie van Ca kon gee.
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41

Leung, Wai-hung. "Global climate change : environmental implications for Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17457294.

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42

Tychanowicz, Silmara Denise [UNESP]. "Ensino médio e interdisciplinaridade: um estudo sobre o conceito de efeito estufa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90902.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-09-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:11:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tychanowicz_sd_me_bauru.pdf: 711956 bytes, checksum: 6a7e626a2ad49388eac50d26568554dd (MD5)
Conceituar fenômenos estudados em sala de aula aparentemente é um tema simples, mas afirmar que foi reconhecido ou se foram estabelecidas relações deste fenômeno com o sujeito que o vivencia, é a principal discussão que apresenta esta pesquisa. Visamos examinar as possibilidades e contribuições de uma Metodologia de Ensino como instrumento auxiliar ao planejamento e desenvolvimento do processo de compreensão de fenômenos da natureza. Para isso, serão descritos os instrumentos utilizados no desenvolvimento da metodologia sobre o tema “Efeito Estufa”, que foi realizada junto a alunos/as de 1ª série do Ensino Médio. O modelo proposto procura estabelecer patamares pedagógicos concebidos a partir das tríades sucessivas que marcam a evolução do conhecimento: perceber/relacionar/conhecer, dentro de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar. A avaliação dos resultados do trabalho, a partir da análise dos materiais escritos produzidos pelos estudantes ao longo do processo, nos leva refletir a complexidade da aprendizagem humana.
Conceptualizing phenomena in the class room is apparently a simple matter, but the assertion on whether its acknowledgement occurs and whether the relationships established between the phenomenon and the subject who experiences it takes place – this is the main discussion of this research. Here we aim to examine the possibilities and contributions of a Teaching Methodology as an auxiliary tool in planning and developing the process of understanding nature phenomena. Thus, the tools used in methodology development using the theme “Greenhouse Effect” performed with first grade students of highschool level are described. The proposed model aims to establish pedagogical paths conceived from successive trinities that benchmark knowledge evolution: perception/relationship/knowledge, from a multidisciplinary perspective. Result evaluation from the analysis of written material produced by the students throughout the process invite us to reflect about the complexity of the human learning process.
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Alden, David M. "The greenhouse effect, trade liberalization and agricultural commodity markets : modelling the economic impacts." Thesis, Keele University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305801.

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44

King, David R. "The Greenhouse Effect| A Model for Equipping Global Disciples in the International Church." Thesis, Nyack College, Alliance Theological Seminary, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10822268.

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The purpose of writing The Greenhouse Effect: A Model for Equipping Global Disciples in the International Church is to propose a model for values-based thinking that can serve as both frame and filter for present and future ministry in the IC. It is intended as a frame for giving leaders a way to think and a filter by which to say “yes” and equally a way to say “no” to the never-ending parade of people and ideas which can only be sustained as long as the one proposing the idea is onsite.

The simple fourfold value-based greenhouse model offers simplicity in vision and practice that does not burn out pastors and lay leaders; accessibility for all to eternal values that build the church everywhere; sustainability that helps that church to run itself and finally duplicability in the contexts where God is constantly redirecting expats and, joining God in this work, to which the IC joyfully sends them.

Chapter 1 introduces the international church institution and challenges.

Chapter 2 provides literature support for the greenhouse contents.

Chapter 3 unpacks theological considerations for the greenhouse model.

Chapter 4 explains the meaning and use of the greenhouse model.

Chapter 5 elucidates the content of the greenhouse for intended results and provides sample ideas for implementation.

Chapter 6 presents the development and analysis method of a survey model.

Chapter 7 interprets and integrates the data from the survey. Chapter 8 offers concluding thoughts for further study and ministry.

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Alazzawi, Sheymaa. "DESIGNING A SMART GREENHOUSE VENTILATION WINDOW BASED ON NITI SMA ACTUATOR." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1703.

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A multi-functional (sensing -actuating) greenhouse ventilation window heated/cooled naturally by convection was designed to overcome different industry challenges in terms of designing smart applications. This ventilation window design includes a three-pulley system to reduce the load on the NiTi actuator and enhance its long-life time. In addition, using the NiTi actuator allows energy saving due to natural phase transformation induction (i.e. convection) and high force generation compared to the small NiTi wire mass. Structural analysis was used to determine the force generated in the “C-shaped” NiTi wire after loading. Transient thermal and structural analysis also was used to investigate the strain rate effects on the shape memory response of “C shaped” NiTi alloy element under different thermomechanical loadings and boundary conditions. Two types of loading have been applied isothermally or at adiabatic conditions. The results showed a significant effect of the high loading rates on increasing the stress plateau which is caused by the corresponding shift in the transformation temperatures. As a result, it could be expected that the actuator life time could be reduced when a rapid, as opposed to a slow loading rate, is adopted. In addition, the dynamic loading of the NiTi leads to a decrease of the recoverable strain. Experimental work was done to validate the simulation model by testing a commercial NiTi sample dynamically and compare the macroscopic displacement during mechanical loading and the strain recovery process.
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Grundström, Gustav, and Isabelle Miedel. "Sustainable Investing : On the relation between sustainability rating and greenhouse gas emissions." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185219.

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Sustainability and finance should go hand in hand. A financial system that supports sustainablegrowth is necessary for the transition to a carbon-free society. Environmental, Social andGovernance (ESG) is a sustainability performance measurement used worldwide. Previousresearch within the ESG area has mainly focused on ESG score and financial performance.Environmental performance gets more attention from investors, and the Nordic countries areall in the top five when it comes to sustainability ranking. This research examines the relationbetween sustainability ratings (E score and ESG score) in the Nordic countries as well as if therelation differs between different rating agencies. To study the relationships, a regressionanalysis was performed, and we could not draw any concrete conclusions whether low CO2emissions are associated with a higher E- or ESG score in the Nordic countries. The resultindicates that a high E- or ESG score does not seem to be associated with lower CO2 emissions.A significant result was found on the fact that the E- and ESG scores relation to CO2 aredifferent between rating agencies. However, full access to one of the rating agencies has notbeen granted, which entails some limitations and further research on the questions isrecommended.
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47

Gagnon, Samuel. "Measurement of permafrost greenhouse gas emissions through a new automated system of closed chambers." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26293.

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Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdorales, 2015-2016
Le réchauffement de l’Arctique a le potentiel d’affecter le climat global par le dégel du pergélisol engendrant des émissions accrues de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Ces émissions sont cependant difficiles à quantifier puisque les méthodes conventionnellement utilisées sont généralement onéreuses et souvent très laborieuses. À l’aide d’un nouveau système automatisé de chambres fermées développé pour cette étude, ce projet visait à mesurer les émissions de GES provenant du pergélisol dans une tourbière située à Salluit, au Nunavik. Les émissions ont été quantifiées sous différentes conditions environnementales afin de simuler le réchauffement climatique et déterminer les effets des variations spatiales sur les émissions de GES. Les résultats démontrent que le nouveau système produit des résultats comparables à ceux obtenus avec un système commercial existant. La température était le principal facteur affectant la variabilité de la ER et les plus grandes émissions de GES provenaient du site saturé en eau. Mots-clés: Pergélisol, Arctique, Changements climatiques, Toundra, Tourbière polygonale, Respiration de l’écosystème, Chambre fermée, Gaz à effet de serre, Décomposition, Réchauffement expérimental.
Warming in the Arctic has the potential to affect the global climate through permafrost thaw leading to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, these emissions are difficult to quantify because the methods conventionally used are often prohibitively expensive and time-consuming. With a new automated system of closed chambers developed for this study, this project aimed to measure permafrost GHG emissions in a polygonal peatland located near Salluit, Nunavik. The emissions were quantified under different environmental conditions in order to simulate climate warming and to determine the effect of spatial variability on GHG emissions. Results show that the new system yields results comparable to those obtained with an existing commercial system. Temperature was the principal factor influencing ecosystem respiration variability and the largest GHG emissions were measured on the water-saturated plot. Keywords: Permafrost, Arctic, Climate change, Tundra, Polygonal peatland, Ecosystem respiration, Closed chamber, Greenhouse gas, Decomposition, Experimental warming.
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Boereboom, Thierry. "Greenhouse gases investigations in ice from periglacial environments." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209673.

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L’environnement périglaciaire en général et les régions de permafrost en particulier, connus pour être très sensibles au changement climatique actuel, sont le sujet de beaucoup d’études sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. En effet, le dégel de ces milieux engendre la mobilisation d’une quantité importante de matière organique, précédemment piégée par le froid, favorisant les émissions de dioxyde de carbone et/ou de méthane. L’objectif premier, du présent travail, est de contribuer à l’étude des gaz enfermés dans certains types de glace de ces régions afin de mieux quantifier leur impact potentiel sur le climat.

Dans un premier temps, une analyse multiparamétrique a été menée sur deux coins de glace du nord de la Sibérie dans la cadre d’une collaboration avec l’Alfred Wegener Institut (Allemagne). Cette première approche a révélé que l’analyse conjointe de la cristallographie, de l’orientation des axes optiques, du contenu en gaz total et de la composition en gaz des coins de glace est un outil puissant, complémentaire aux analyses des isotopes stables, pour comprendre les conditions paléo-climatiques qui ont régi la construction des coins de glace. Cette étude soutient également l’hypothèse de variations spatiales importantes de l’origine des masses d’air durant les variations climatiques du Pléistocène.

Dans un deuxième temps, une analyse des caractéristiques de la glace annuelle de 4 lacs du nord de la Suède a été réalisée afin d’étudier le rôle de la couverture de glace sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. En effet, les lacs de ces régions contribuent fortement aux émissions de méthane durant la période d’eau libre et très peu d’études ont analysé la quantité de méthane emprisonnée dans la glace hivernale et relâchée au printemps. Ce projet nous a amené à établir une nouvelle classification des bulles dans la glace de lac basée sur leur contenu en méthane, leur origine, leur forme et leur densité. Il nous a également permis de montrer que plusieurs facteurs interviennent sur le contenu en gaz dans la couverture de glace :le système hydrologique, la variation de la pression atmosphérique, la variabilité des émissions et potentiellement la proximité des sédiments sont autant de facteurs qui déterminent le contenu en gaz. L’analyse de la composition des gaz a révélé que la composition observée dans la glace est sensiblement différente de celle observée durant les périodes d’eau libre. Nous avons également, pour la première fois, établit un budget des émissions de méthane relâchées par la fonte de la couverture de glace au niveau mondial.

Cette étude a été complétée par l’analyse des isotopes 13C des gaz des différents types de bulles de notre classification en collaboration avec l’Université d’Utrecht. Nous avons alors mis en évidence que la couverture de glace influence l’équilibre biogéochimique dans l’eau en favorisant l’oxydation du méthane en dioxyde de carbone.


Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Winter, Barbara. "The effects of greenhouse-gas and surface thermal forcing on the stratosphere." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96862.

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This thesis is concerned with the possible future changes in the stratosphere as a result of climate change. In this context, the climate change forcing can be separated into two components: (i) radiative forcing due to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio, and (ii) surface thermal forcing. My focus is on the response in the circulation of the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere in winter. All experiments are carried out with a chemistry-climate model (CCM, i.e. an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a chemistry model), the IGCM-FASTOC, and all results shown are averages over 100-year or 50-year simulations in timeslice mode (i.e. every year can be considered as one member of an ensemble having 50 or 100 members). This allows statistically robustresults in a region of high variability in the temperature and wind fields.When the IGCM-FASTOC is coupled to a mixed-layer slab ocean, the Arctic lower stratosphere in winter warms by up to 4K under 2xCO2 conditions, with associated weakening of the polar vortex and enhancement of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC). This change is related to a significant increase in the Rossby wave forcing near the vortex core starting in January, followed by anincreased wave forcing at the lower edge of the polar vortex in February. Maximum wave forcing is found both to begin earlier in the winter and to be distributed over a longer period of time in the 2xCO2 climate. Results from four additional pairs of simulations (control and 2xCO2), in which sea and/or land surface temperatures were either calculated interactively, prescribed as a climatological cycle, or prescribed as interannually varying monthly-mean fields, demonstrate that the interannual variability in sea and land temperatures, and the adjustment of oceans and lands to the atmosphere and to one another, are essential in order to maintain realistic stratospheric forcing by Rossby waves and to adequately capture the stratospheric response to global warming. Specifically, when the land is interactive but the slab ocean is replaced by prescribed interannually varying monthly-mean temperatures, the stratospheric response is qualitatively similar to the fully interactive case, but has lower amplitude and is statistically significant over a smaller area.In the experiment without interannual variability, there is no response in stratospheric dynamics.To assess the impact of surface temperatures on the stratospheric circulation, a separate suite of experiments was carried out in which a 2K temperature anomaly was added to the control surface temperature at all gridpoints within latitudinal windows of 10 or 30 degrees. Thermal surface forcing applied anywhere equatorwards of 20N, or continuously from the equator to 30N, increases the generation of planetary waves in the troposphere, resulting in increased upward propagation. Consequently, a greater flux of wave activity enters the mid- to high latitude stratosphere and breaks in the polar vortex,increasing the BDC and leading to a warm anomaly in the polar stratosphere. Ozone concentration increases at high latitudes and decreases at low latitudes. Thermal surface forcing imposed between 30N and 60N has the reverse effect and leads to a stronger and colder vortex. Thermal forcing applied polewards of 60N has little effect on tropospheric baroclinicity, but results in a sufficientdecrease of the vertical flux of planetary wave activity that the vortex becomes anomalously strong and cold. In all cases when surface forcing is imposed only polewards of 30N, the ozone concentration decreases at high latitudes but is not affected at low latitudes. Combining the forcing in an equatorial and a mid-latitude band leads to a response similar to that of the equatorial forcing, demonstrating that the subtropical surface temperature changes dominate the sign of the surface-driven response in the vortex.
Cette thèse étudie les possibles futurs changements dans la stratosphère dus au forçage par les changements climatiques. Dans ce contexte, les changements climatiques peuvent être séparés en deux composantes: (i) le forçage radiatif dû à un doublage de la concentration de CO2 dans l'atmosphère et (ii) le forçage thermique à la surface. L'emphase est mise sur la réponse dans lacirculation de l'Hémisphère nord en hiver. Toutes les expériences sont réalisées au moyen d'un modèle climat-chimie (un modèle de la circulation générale de l'atmosphère couplé à un modèle de chimie), le IGCM-FASTOC, et les résultats présentés sont les moyennes sur 100 ou 50 ans de simulations en mode répété (ou stationnaire, i.e. chaque année peut être considérée comme un membred'un ensemble ayant 100 ou 50 membres). Ceci permet d'aboutir à des résultats qui sont statistiquement significatifs dans une région où la température et les vents sont hautement variables.Lorsque le IGCM-FASTOC est couplé à un océan homogène de 25m de profondeur et que les températures de surface sont calculées de façon interactive, la réponse dans la basse stratosphère de l'Arctique à un doublage de CO2 est un réchauffement de 4K, accompagné d'un affaiblissement du vortex polaire et d'une augmentation de la circulation Brewer-Dobson (CBD). Ces changements sont reliés à une importante augmentation du flux vertical d'ondes Rossby, qui décélèrent le centre du vortex dès le mois de janvier, puis son bord inférieur en février. Le forçage maximal du vortex par les ondes débute plus tôt dans la saison hivernale et dure pour une plus grande période de temps dans le climat 2xCO2. Quatre paires de simulations supplémentaires (contrôle et 2xCO2) ontété réalisées, dans lesquelles les températures à la surface de l'océan et/ou de la terre étaient soit calculées de manière interactive, soit prescrites comme cycle climatologique fixe ou ayant une variabilité interannuelle. Ces expériences démontrent que la variabilité interannuelle, tout comme les ajustements des températures de surface à l'atmosphère ou des températures de la terre à celle des océans, sont essentielles pour maintenir un forçage réaliste du vortex par les ondes Rossby et donc pour capturer la réponse auxchangements climatiques de façon adéquate. Quand la surface terrestre est interactive mais l'océan couplé est remplacé par des températures imposées qui varient à l'échelle interannuelle, la réponse dans la stratosphère est qualitativement semblable à celle de l'expérience ayant l'océan interactif; par contre, cette réponse a une amplitude inférieure en plus d'être statistiquement significative sur une région moins importante. Les expériences sans variabilité interannuelle ne montrent aucun changement de la circulationdans la stratosphère.Pour évaluer l'importance du rôle de la température de surface dans la circulation stratosphérique, j'ai entrepris une nouvelle série d'expériences dans lesquelles une anomalie thermique de 2K est imposée à tous les points de grille à l'intérieur de bandes zonales larges de 10 ou de 30 degrés de latitude. Lorsque le forçage thermique est imposé à la surface entre 0N et 20N, ou de façon continue entre 0N et 30N, un plus grand flux d'activité ondulatoire accède à la stratosphère dans les moyennes et hautes latitudes. Les ondes se cassent dans le vortex, menant à une augmentation de la CBD et à une anomalie positive dans température de la stratosphère polaire. Un forçage thermique imposé à la surface entre 30N et 60N donne le résultat inverse, soit un vortex plus fort et plus froid. Le forçage thermique imposé à la surface au nord de 60N affaiblit suffisamment le flux vertical d'activité ondulatoire pour que levortex en résulte plus froid et plus fort également. Lorsque le forçage thermique est appliqué à la fois dans une bande équatoriale et dans une bande des moyennes latitudes, le forçage dans les subtropiques domine le signe de la réponse dans le vortex polaire.
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Simoes, Barneze Arlete. "Interactive effects of climate change and management on grassland greenhouse gas emissions." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2018. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/126417/.

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Climate warming has the potential to alter carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and a range of other ecosystem functioning in grasslands. This will be particularly important for the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems due to its role in global food security and soil C sequestration. The interaction between climate warming and grassland management is highly important and needs to be addressed as it may change the direction and strength of the effects on GHG emissions by changing plant productivity (either above and/or below-ground) and plant-soil properties. Plant species composition also plays a key role affecting the nutrient cycling thus GHG emissions in grasslands. The aim of this thesis is to understand how grassland management will influence C and N cycling under future climate change. The interactive effect of climate warming and grassland management is investigated in a field experiment over two growing seasons with varied microclimate effects, and the effect of plant composition manipulation in a controlled temperature mesocosm experiment. Overall, interactions between warming and management significantly affected GHG fluxes and plant-soil properties with important single treatment effects. The role that below-ground components plays on GHG emissions was less evident, becoming unclear the mechanisms related to gas releases to the atmosphere. Increases in legume proportions in grass-legume mixtures reduced ecosystem respiration in fertilised soils, with no effects in unfertilised soils. N cycling was not affected by increases in legume proportions. Plant productivity including above- and below-ground biomass had a non-linear relationship with relative legume proportion. Either grassland management or different plant species compositions approach may improve C sequestration and reduce GHG emissions.
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