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Journal articles on the topic 'Greenhouse automation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Shirsath, Prof D. O., Punam Kamble, Rohini Mane, Ashwini Kolap, and Prof R. S. More. "IOT Based Smart Greenhouse Automation Using Arduino." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology 5, no. 2 (March 31, 2017): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijircst.2017.5.2.4.

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2

Yamashita, Jun, and Kazunobu Sato. "Automated Vehicles for Greenhouse Automation." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, no. 3 (June 20, 1999): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0200.

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We designed and manufactured one prototype trackless autonomous transport vehicle to travel in row spacing and another to travel between cultivation beds to ease harsh transport labor in greenhouses for soil cultivation and hydroponics. The vehicle traveling in row spacing was four-wheeled with an independent rear drive featuring 1) a rolling bearing used for self-heading correction; 2) a spin turn at the end of a row; and 3) a microcomputer letting it travel autonomously in the greenhouse. The vehicle traveling between cultivation beds was fourwheeled with an independent rear drive and antiphase four-wheeled steering, controlling heading while measuring the distance to a cultivation bed wall with ultrasonic sensors. We also manufactured a gantry for strawberry cultivation using machinery for automatic work on a wide-bed truck traveling automatically on rails. This paper discusses these prototypes and run perf0mance tests in a greenhouse.

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Shinde, Mr Harshal Vijay. "IOT based Greenhouse Automation System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.5103.

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4

Ting, K. C. "Mechanization, Automation, and Computerization for Greenhouse Production." HortTechnology 2, no. 1 (January 1992): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.1.59.

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Availability and capability of labor have become dominating factors affecting agriculture's productivity and sustainability. Agricultural mechanization can substitute for human and animal physical power and improve operational uniformity. Automation complements mechanization by implementing the capabilities of automatic perception, reasoning, communication, and task planning. Fixed automation is traditionally cost-effective for mass production of standard items. In addition, flexible automation responds to make-to-order batch processing. The appropriateness of each automation type depends on the situation at hand. Because of their vast memory and high calculation speed, computers are highly effective for rapid information processing. Incorporating state-of-the-art hardware and software, computers can generate status reports, provide decision support, gather sensor signals, and/or instruct machines to perform physical work. It is no surprise, therefore, that computerization is essential to the evolutionary process, from mechanization through fixed automation to flexible automation. Fundamentals of agricultural mechanization, automation, and computerization applied to greenhouse production are discussed. Recent research activities conducted at Rutgers Univ. are presented for illustrative purposes.

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S. Raj, Jennifer, and Vijitha Ananthi J. "AUTOMATION USING IOT IN GREENHOUSE ENVIRONMENT." Journal of Information Technology and Digital World 01, no. 01 (September 25, 2019): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jitdw.2019.1.005.

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Green house is generally a building of small or large structures. The structure of the green house is made of walls and the translucent roof, with the capability of maintaining the planned climatic condition. It ensures the growth of plants that requires a specified level of soil moisture, sunlight, humidity and temperature. The green house systems available are human monitored systems that entail the continuous human visit causing distress to the worker and also decrease in the yield if the temperature and the humidity are not properly and regularly maintained. This paves way for the concept of the green house automation. The green house automation formed by the incorporation of the Internet of things and the embedded system addresses the problem faced in the green house and provides with the automated controlling and monitoring of the green house environment replacing the undeviating administration of the farmers. This paper also proposes the automation using internet of things in green house environment by using the Netduino 3 and employing the sensors for the sensing the moisture, temperature, sunlight and humidity, to enhance the production rate and minimize the discomfort caused to the farmers.

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6

RodríGuez, M., A. Ayala, F. Herrera, and F. H. Priano. "Greenhouse Automation Through Computer and Hertzian Link." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 33, no. 1 (January 1996): 66–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099603300110.

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Greenhouse automation through computer and Hertzian link Sometimes Electronic and Computer Science are the best support for many applications. The following paper shows a practical experience, the automation of a controlled farming greenhouse, where the engineering student can develop one of these multiple applications.

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Dario, P., G. Sandini, B. Allotta, A. Bucci, F. Buemi, M. Massa, F. Ferrari, et al. "THE AGROBOT PROJECT FOR GREENHOUSE AUTOMATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 361 (June 1994): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1994.361.7.

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8

KORADE, TUSHAR C., and DR A. A. SHINDE. "Wireless Sensor Network for Greenhouse Automation." International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 3, no. 7 (July 20, 2014): 10647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15662/ijareeie.2014.0307052.

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9

Korzhakov, Alexey, Sergei Oskin, Valery Korzhakov, and Svetlana Korzhakova. "The Simulation of Heat Supply System with a Scale Formation Factor to Enable Automation of Greenhouse Geothermal Heat Supply System." Machines 9, no. 3 (March 14, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9030064.

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This article presents the results of the simulation of an automatic control system for the heat supply of a greenhouse complex with a geothermal heat source, conducted in order to study the possibility of geothermal heat supply system automation. Scilab version 6.1 was used for simulation. Based on the results of the simulation, the optimal mode of the automation system function of the heat exchanger primary circuit was developed and implemented. Reagentless treatment of geothermal water in the heat supply system with an acoustic–magnetic device (designed and patented by the authors of this paper) can significantly reduce the intensity of scale formation in the heat exchanger and geothermal heat supply system equipment. It provides conditions for the automation of geothermal heat supply systems of greenhouses with a surface heat exchanger. Using an automation system allows greater accuracy and reliability in maintaining the required temperature regime (18–20 °C) in the greenhouse, reduces the frequency of system shutdown for unplanned cleaning of the heat exchanger and equipment, reduces the complexity of manual operations of heat exchanger and equipment maintenance (removal of sludge, scale) and reduces the economic costs of transportation and heat consumption.

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10

Ganzhur, Marina, Alexey Ganzhur, Andrey Kobylko, and Denis Fathi. "Automation of microclimate in greenhouses." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021005004.

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An agricultural greenhouse is a complex system with many input features. Taking these features into consideration creates favorable conditions for the production of plants. The parameters are temperature and internal humidity, which have a significant impact on the yield. The aim of this study was to propose a dynamic simulation model in the MATLAB/Simulink environment for experimental validation. In addition, a fuzzy controller for the indoor climate of the greenhouse with an asynchronous motor for ventilation, heating, humidification, etc. has been designed. The model includes an intelligent control system for these drives in order to ensure optimal indoor climate. The dynamic model was validated by comparing simulation results with experimental measurement data. These results showed the effectiveness of the control strategy in regulating the greenhouse indoor climate.

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11

Zhao, Mei Lian, Hua Guang Li, and Xiu Juan Zhang. "The Remote Management System for Greenhouses Based on 3G and Power Line Carrier." Advanced Materials Research 905 (April 2014): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.631.

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The greenhouse environmental monitoring and control is the current hot topic of agriculture automation. The article designed a greenhouse remote management system, which can complete the functions of video surveillance, information gathering, and device control based on power line carrier .Realize the information and automation of greenhouse Management. The system design background is introduced, the system hardware and software design is described, and also, we give a detailed description of system application prospects.

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12

L, Sven Erikson. "Development of an Optimized Greenhouse Automation System." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 8, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2019/30832019.

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13

kumar S, Pradeep, and Byregowda B K. "Greenhouse Monitoring and Automation System Using Microcontroller." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 45, no. 5 (March 25, 2017): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v45p241.

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14

Shamshiri, Ramin. "A Review of Greenhouse Climate Control and Automation Systems in Tropical Regions." Journal of Agricultural Science and Applications 02, no. 03 (September 30, 2013): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14511/jasa.2013.020307.

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15

Contreras, Juana I., Rafael Baeza, José G. López, Gema Cánovas, and Francisca Alonso. "Management of Fertigation in Horticultural Crops through Automation with Electrotensiometers: Effect on the Productivity of Water and Nutrients." Sensors 21, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010190.

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Water and nutrient requirements of horticultural crops are influenced by different factors such as: Type of crop, stage of development and production system. Although greenhouse horticultural crops are more efficient in the use of water and fertilizers compared to other production systems, it is necessary increase efficiency for which individualized fertigation strategies must be designed for each greenhouse. The automation of fertigation based on the level of soil moisture allows optimization of management. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the activation command of fertigation with electrotensiometers and the characteristics of the greenhouse on the productivity of the crop and the efficiency of use of water and nutrients in a sweet pepper crop. The trial was developed in two greenhouses. Four treatments were studied, combination of who two-factor: Soil matric potential (SMP) (SMP−10: Automatic activation of irrigation to −10 kPa and SMP−20: Automatic activation of irrigation to −20 kPa) and greenhouse characteristics (G1 and G2). The nutritive solution applied was the same in all treatments. The yield and volume of water and nutrients applied were determined, calculating the productivity of the water (WP), as well as productivity the nutrients. The fertigation activation threshold of −10 kPa presented the best results, increasing the yield and conserving WP and nutrient productivity with respect to −20 kPa in both greenhouses. The automation of irrigation with electrotensiometers allowed the application of different volume of fertigation demanded by the crop in each greenhouse, equalizing the WP and nutrient productivity without producing drainage. The pepper crop in the greenhouse G1 presented greater vegetative development, higher yield and demanded a greater volume of fertigation than G2 regardless of the activation threshold. This was due to the fact that the soil matric potential after irrigation in greenhouse G1 was closer to zero, being able to conclude that not only the soil matric potential threshold of irrigation activation has an influence on crop, but also the potential registered after irrigation. Soil matric potentials closer to zero are more productive.

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16

Shah, Neel P. "GREENHOUSE AUTOMATION AND MONITORING SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2017): 468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26483/ijarcs.v8i9.4981.

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17

Anastasiou, A., N. Sigrimis, and N. Rerras. "A Knowledge Based Scada System for Greenhouse Automation." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 31, no. 20 (July 1998): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)41855-6.

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18

Lu, Hui Guo, Cong Ying Li, and Juan Ping Jiang. "Application of Intelligence Control in Agriculture Greenhouses." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.293.

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Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy, and the guarantee of national industry. Greenhouse can grow counter-season production of crops and bring higher profits to farmers. But in our country the informatization level of agricultural is low. By using data acquisition technology, wireless communication technique and computer technology, this project can make intelligent monitoring, management and control of the large-scale plastic greenhouse come true and make agricultural information access and remote data transmission and exchange automated. The project is of simple circuit, low cost, good maintainability, and the expected results (the management of the greenhouse control) is operating conveniently and hommization, which can reduce a lot of manual work. It is expected to be widely popularized in agricultural plastic greenhouses in China. Key words:Intelligent Agriculture; Automation; Data acquisition; Sensors;

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19

Tian, Su Bo, and Li Chun Qiu. "Design on Plug Seedling Automatic Transplanter in Greenhouse." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.586.

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Transplanting of plug seedling is one of the most important operations during vegetable and flower production. Due to the higher labor intensity and lower efficiency for the operation, it is difficult to enlarge production scale for vegetables and flowers. Although transplanting of plug seedling is now common method, all operations are still manually conducted in China. To enlarge productivity for increasing food supply, it has become an urgent task to achieve automation of plug seedling transplanting for Chinese horticulture industry. This paper deals with the automatic transplanter for plug seedling, which is significant to promote development of production automation of seedling nursing and transplanting in China. Then, the simple, practical automatic transplanter for plug seedling, including manipulator, conveyor system for plug tray and flowerpots, overall structure and PLC control system was designed. Finally, Prototype was manufactured and performance tests were conducted. Results showed that the automatic transplanter had reliable transplanting performance.

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20

Dwinugroho, T. B., Y. T. Hapsari, and Kurniawanti. "Greenhouse automation: smart watering system for plants in greenhouse using programmable logic control (PLC)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1823, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1823/1/012014.

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21

Ni, Ran. "Design and Implementation of Intelligent Greenhouses Based on the Internet of Things." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.188.

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With the development of modern agriculture construction, various types of supporting agriculture automation equipment began to use and achieved good economic benefits, at the same time, linkage, information transfer between the various devices become the bottleneck to limit the scale of agricultural production. In this paper, the research object, describes the control, the temperature in the greenhouse automation equipment in humidity control, ventilation system, irrigation system, automation equipment and its linkage, linkage alarm mechanism, the Internet of things technology control system model and the hardware and software realization scheme is given based on. Finally through the network implementation of the joint of various types of equipment and system control and alarm in the greenhouse, avoids some potential risks in agricultural production, saving the modern agricultural production cost and management cost.

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22

Basnet, Barun, Injae Lee, Myungjun Noh, Hyunjun Chun, Aman Jaffari, and Junho Bang. "An Smart Greenhouse Automation System Applying Moving Average Algorithm." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 65, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 1755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2016.65.10.1755.

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23

Simonton, Ward. "Automation in the Greenhouse: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Robotics Case Study." HortTechnology 2, no. 2 (April 1992): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.2.231.

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The commercial greenhouse operation, with a controlled and structured environment and a large number of highly repetitive tasks, offers many advantages for automation relative to other segments of agriculture. Benefits and incentives to automate are significant and include improving the safety of the work force and the environment, along with ensuring sufficient productivity to compete in today's global market. The use of equipment and computers to assist production also may be particularly important in areas where labor costs and/or availability are a concern. However, automation for greenhouse systems faces very significant challenges in overcoming nonuniformity, cultural practice, and economic problems. As a case study, a robotic workcell for processing geranium cuttings for propagation has been developed. The robot grasps randomly positioned cuttings from a conveyor, performs leaf removal, trims the stems, and inserts the cuttings into plug trays. While the system has been shown to process effectively many plants automatically, the robot is not equipped to handle successfully the wide variety of cuttings that a trained worker handles with aplomb. A key challenge in greenhouse automation will be to develop productive systems that can perform in a reliable and cost-effective way with highly variable biological products.

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Zhang, Yue Wang. "Research on Fuzzy Control in the Greenhouse for Humidity Monitoring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 904–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.904.

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Design a smart vegetable greenhouse humidity control system based on automatic computer-controlled, elaborated on the humidity of the system acquisition, humidity control system, heater control circuits and other system hardware design ideas to improve the system's control algorithm, using serial of computer to record. The simulation curve of the system has better control and tracking performance, high precision humidity control, also composed of two computer-controlled system and the host computer, to facilitate the centralized management of the production. Practice shows that the study design, vegetable greenhouses intelligent humidity control system for man-machine interface, easy operation, high degree of automation, low cost, with a good prospect and promotional value.

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Achouak, Touhami, Benahmed Khelifa, Laura García, Lorena Parra, Jaime Lloret, and Bounaaman Fateh. "Sensor Network Proposal for Greenhouse Automation placed at the South of Algeria." Network Protocols and Algorithms 10, no. 4 (January 9, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/npa.v10i4.14155.

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The south of Algeria has a very hard climate. In summer, it is very hot and dry with a very violent sand wind and in winter very cold and dry, from where several plants cannot be cultivated in an open field. With rapid population growth, the production of fruits and vegetables cannot be sufficient. To solve these two major problems, we propose in this paper a new mechanism for the control of the climate inside a greenhouse. The objective of this work is to propose a new design for the greenhouse that can be managed and controlled automatically. The management and the control of this greenhouse are done because of our new proposed algorithms, and the use of new technologies such as sensors, actuators, microcontrollers, and the Internet of things to facilitate the tasks of farmers in the south of Algeria, and to improve the productiveness of the agriculture. We present the results of applying our proposal in a greenhouse during a short period of time and the changes on the environmental parameters inside the greenhouse.

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Cruz, Deisiane, Caio Rodrigues, Otavio Chase, Dênmora Araújo, and J. Felipe Almeida. "IoT-based Smart Mini Greenhouse." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss10.1724.

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The purpose of this article is to present an architecture of a reduced-size greenhouse, monitored and controled via Internet of Things (IoT). As an experiment, seeds of Apuleia leiocarpa (Vog.) Macbr were used and at 25oC, 75% germination was obtained. In order to apply the automation on seed germination process, sensors are required and a prototype has been built with support of a computational system installed in its interior by including the control in conserving temperature, humidity and the degree of brightness inside the structure. In this sense, sensors are used for monitoring and control of the variables that most influence in the development of a vegetal species. The proposed system has a cloud-based storage and the effective contributions of the computer system are started from the web platform, transfer the set-points to the controllers, and upload data read from sensors to the same web page.

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Tian, Fang Ming, Gui Qing Xi, and Xiao Liang Wang. "Research on Networked Agriculture Greenhouses Irrigation Control System." Advanced Materials Research 121-122 (June 2010): 787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.121-122.787.

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Greenhouse irrigation control technology is an important content in the research of modern agriculture technologies. The traditional agriculture greenhouse used man-made irrigation approach to add moisture and nutrient to crops, which is difficult to control and easily to cause resource waste. The paper brought out a networked agriculture greenhouse irrigation control based on wireless network, which obtained temperature and humidity information of crops with network sensor and distance control irrigation system with algorithm, so that the automation of supply be achieved. The research fully utilizes modern computer network technologies and improves the accuracy of agriculture greenhouse irrigation control and work.

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Wspanialy, Patrick, and Medhat Moussa. "Early powdery mildew detection system for application in greenhouse automation." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 127 (September 2016): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2016.06.027.

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29

Sun, Xin Yu. "The Design of Automatic Control System for Greenhouse Based on Microcontroller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 1188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.1188.

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Recently, with the rapid agricultural application progress in China, greenhouse control issues have been better addressed. The greenhouse control technology, as an emerging technology, is increasingly being widespread attended, and is gradually walking in the direction of constructing good quality, high output efficiency agricultural systems. In this new situation, we need to carry out market research, carefully research the greenhouse automatic control theory based on SCM technology, and design automation control system with best effect. The performance test result shows: This new system has a good usable performance, while related technology can provide a scientific basis for further research in the future. Keywords.Microcontroller; greenhouse automatic control.

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Zhuravleva, L. A. "GREENHOUSES WITH NARROW-RACK HYDROPONICS TECHNOLOGY BASED ON DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS." Scientific Life 15, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 1195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2020-15-7-1195-1203.

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Currently, many foreign greenhouse manufacturers use elements of digital technologies and hydroponics systems. Almost all manufacturers of systems and equipment in this class are foreign companies. Work on creating modern domestic digital controlled systems for growing agricultural crops is relevant and in demand in Russia. The Moscow Polytechnic University conducts studies and development research aimed at creating software and intelligent technologies for controlling and regulating the microclimate in greenhouses and hydroponic installations. Based on mathematical models of the microclimate systems for complete automation of plants growing process and automatic maintenance of optimal microclimate parameters, remotely using a phone or tablet PC, have been designed and implemented. The article presents a mathematical model of the greenhouse microclimate. One of the most promising directions is considered; it is a technology of multi-level shelving and narrow-shelving hydroponics. A functional diagram of the greenhouse microclimate control is given. This method allows to increase the used volume of greenhouses up to 25-30 pcs. plants per 1 sq. m of greenhouse area, the number of crop rotations up to 4-5 per year. Reducing water and nutrient solution consumption per unit of production by 2.0-2.5 times compared to drip irrigation greenhouses is provided. The amount of soil in comparison with low-volume substrate technology with drip irrigation is reduction by 4-6 times. The amount of nitrates in products is reduced by 8-10 times compared to the standard. The method of growing agricultural crops does not require much physical effort, unlike traditional crop production. Greenhouses with narrow-rack hydroponics technology based on digital control systems provide an increase in the efficiency of crop production; they are an environmentally friendly technology for growing seedlings, vegetables, berries, flowers and green crops. The technology can be used both in high-tech large-scale industries, agricultural holdings, city farms, and in family businesses on personal plots.

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Cui, Shuang, Zhi Ping Xue, Qing Yu Liu, Ying Yu Zhu, and Bao Quan Zhao. "Application of Biomass Burning Stove in the Greenhouse Environment." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 990–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.990.

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According to the demands of greenhouse environmental conditions, this paper examines a solid fuel burning stove applied to compression molding of biomass in order to solve the issues which temperature is too low in greenhouses in winter north of China and carbon dioxide concentration is too low caused by insufficient ventilation number. The burning stove designed with big furnace, no grate and recalculated secondary air. Fuel utilization was improved in the largest degree in this design. Feed amount, feed rate and time are controlled by the PLC system which is adopted to make fuel fully burning, low pollution emissions and more automation. The temperature field and gas flow field changes is simulated by the FLUENT. The temperature of various sections and the formation of nitrogen oxides is reduced by the special design when burning. Experiment shows that sulfur dioxide concentration is about 0.41mg/m3, nitrogen dioxide is about 0.498mg/m3 which have no effect in growth and development of crops. This paper provides theoretic guidance for improving greenhouse conditions.

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Koukounaras, Athanasios. "Advanced Greenhouse Horticulture: New Technologies and Cultivation Practices." Horticulturae 7, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7010001.

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Greenhouse horticulture is one of the most intensive agricultural systems, with the advantages of environmental parameter control (temperature, light, etc.), higher efficiency of resource utilization (water, fertilizers, etc.) and the use of advanced technologies (hydroponics, automation, etc.) for higher productivity, earliness, stability of production and better quality. On the other hand, climate change and the application of high inputs without suitable management could have negative impacts on the expansion of the greenhouse horticulture sector. This special issue gathers twelve papers: three reviews and nine of original research. There is one review that focuses on irrigation of greenhouse crops, while a second surveys the effects of biochar on container substrate properties and plant growth. A third review examines the impact of light quality on plant–microbe interactions, especially non-phototrophic organisms. The research papers report both the use of new technologies as well as advanced cultivation practices. In particular, new technologies are presented such as dye-sensitized solar cells for the glass cover of a greenhouse, automation for water and nitrogen deficit stress detection in soilless tomato crops based on spectral indices, light-emitting diode (LED) lighting and gibberellic acid supplementation on potted ornamentals, the integration of brewery wastewater treatment through anaerobic digestion with substrate-based soilless agriculture, and application of diatomaceous earth as a silica supplement on potted ornamentals. Research studies about cultivation practices are presented comparing different systems (organic-conventional, aeroponic-nutrient film technique (NFT)-substrate culture), quantitative criteria for determining the quality of grafted seedlings, and of wild species as alternative crops for cultivation.

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33

Han, Xiao Xia. "Greenhouse Monitoring System Based on ZigBee and GPRS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 2966–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.2966.

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In order to reduce costs and improve crop yields effectively, a greenhouse environment monitoring system based on ZigBee and GPRS technology is designed. In the system, ZigBee wireless sensor module is used for data acquisition of soil moisture, precipitation, nitrogen concentration, temperature and barometric pressure data etc. The information is sent to a remote monitoring center through GPRS, Instructions is regulated and take corresponding measures according to the received information. The system can collect and monitor the parameters of the greenhouse environment at a real time. This has important implications for the development of agriculture automation and agricultural production levels.

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OKADA, Hidehiro, Masato TADA, and Yoshiaki SAKAI. "Necessity of the Automation in a Large-Scale Greenhouse (plant factory)." Shokubutsu Kankyo Kogaku 23, no. 2 (2011): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2525/shita.23.44.

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35

Hatou, K., T. Sugiyama, Y. Hashimoto, and H. Matsuura. "Range Image Analysis for the Greenhouse Automation in Intelligent Plant Factory." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 29, no. 1 (June 1996): 962–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)57788-5.

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36

I, Lakshmi. "Design And Implementation Of Greenhouse Automation And Monitoring System Using Iot." International Journal of Computer Organization Trends 9, no. 3 (May 25, 2019): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22492593/ijcot-v9i3p303.

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Usta, Selçuk, Serpil Gençoğlan, and Cafer Gençoğlan. "Sulama Otomasyonu Sistemlerinin Tasarımında Kullanılabilecek İş Akış Şemalarının Oluşturulması." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 7 (July 19, 2019): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i7.1014-1020.2507.

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Automation is a mechanical, electronic and computer based technology that enables the operation of various devices, systems and programs without the need for human intervention. The irrigation automation system should be planned with less manpower, more controlled and better quality agricultural production considering the environment, water resources and production cost. It should have the ability to implement the irrigation program in greenhouse, field and garden plants cultivation. Irrigation automation system is formed by following some process steps. These are; preparing the irrigation program, selecting the system components, preparing the project, preparing and testing the software and the establishment of the system. The irrigation automation system, which is passed through these stages, ensures the effective use of irrigation water, reduces labour, controls the irrigation program and reduces production costs. In this study, flow charts have been created which can help to design of irrigation automation systems sensitive to crop water consumption and soil moisture level in root region.

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Scoggins, Holly L., Joyce G. Latimer, and Victoria T. Barden. "The Virginia Commercial Greenhouse Industry—Current Practices and Future Needs Assessment." HortTechnology 14, no. 1 (January 2004): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.1.0109.

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This report summarizes responses to a survey of Virginia's commercial greenhouse industry, conducted in 2000-01. The survey included questions about interests and needs of growers to assist Virginia Tech Horticulture faculty and staff in planning educational and research programming. Respondents were asked about current cultural practices, future plans for automation and technology, and impact of issues facing the greenhouse industry such as regulations and labor. The 273 responses were categorized based on the amount of heated greenhouse space: small, medium, large, or other (including part-time). Following analysis of the responses, focus groups were conducted across Virginia to further discuss issues raised in the survey.

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Guo, Yi, Zhi Qiang Li, Jin Chao Shi, and Jing Cheng. "System Parameterized Design of Vegetable and Fruit Solar Greenhouse in Beijing Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 2071–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.2071.

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[Purpos Due to the lack of industry standards in the solar greenhouse construction process, this paper has developed a parameterized design system and specified the structure of the vegetable and fruit solar greenhouse in Beijing area. [Metho The design system has been developed taking SolidWorks as a platform and VB as a development tool. [Result Its user interface is simple and friendly and designed results are reliable, which can increase the level of automation in solar greenhouse design process. [Conclusion This is a general-purpose system capable of realizing parameterized modeling of other structures like fruit trees and flowering plants simply through changing the proportionality factor.

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Posadas, Benedict. "Economic Impacts of Mechanization or Automation on Horticulture Production Firms Sales, Employment, and Workers’ Earnings, Safety, and Retention." HortTechnology 22, no. 3 (June 2012): 388–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.3.388.

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Using a socioeconomic database collected by face-to-face interviews of nurseries and greenhouses, empirical models were estimated to measure the economic impacts of mechanization or automation on annual gross sales, annual employment, and workers’ earnings, safety and retention. The survey was conducted among 215 randomly selected wholesale nurseries and greenhouses located in eight southern states from Dec. 2003 to Nov. 2009. The level of mechanization or automation (LOAM) observed among the participating wholesale nurseries and greenhouses averaged 20% of the major tasks performed by workers. Nurseries and greenhouses that reported greater annual gross sales demonstrated higher levels of mechanization, implying economies of scale associated with technology adoption by these wholesale horticulture production firms. The increase in total workers’ earnings associated with improved mechanization indicated that nurseries and greenhouses were able to pay their workers higher wages and salaries. The increased levels of mechanization produced neutral effects on employment and raised the value of the marginal productivity (VMP) of labor, implying that technology adoption by wholesale nurseries and greenhouses did not displace any worker but instead improved total workers’ earnings. Growers that reported higher levels of mechanization hired fewer new workers with basic horticultural skills, especially among horticultural firms which operated both nursery and greenhouse enterprises. The length of training period for basic horticultural skills was not influenced by the level of mechanization, but was significantly extended when nurseries or greenhouses hired more new workers without basic horticultural skills. The number of work-related injuries increased as a result of improvements in mechanization, which primarily consisted of back strains, cut fingers, shoulder and ankle strains, and eye injury. The workers’ retention impact (WRI) of the level of mechanization turned out to be neutral or indeterminate since almost all of their workers were with them during the past 2 years before conducting the interviews. Overall, advances in mechanization or automation generated enhancing effects on the annual gross sales of horticultural production firms, enabled them to retain and pay better wages for their workers, hired fewer new skilled workers, and reported more work-related injuries.

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Massar, Moneim, Imran Reza, Syed Masiur Rahman, Sheikh Muhammad Habib Abdullah, Arshad Jamal, and Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail. "Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions—Positive or Negative?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 23, 2021): 5567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115567.

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The potential effects of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are uncertain, although numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact. This paper aims to synthesize and review all the literature regarding the topic in a systematic manner to eliminate the bias and provide an overall insight, while incorporating some statistical analysis to provide an interval estimate of these studies. This paper addressed the effect of the positive and negative impacts reported in the literature in two categories of AVs: partial automation and full automation. The positive impacts represented in AVs’ possibility to reduce GHG emission can be attributed to some factors, including eco-driving, eco traffic signal, platooning, and less hunting for parking. The increase in vehicle mile travel (VMT) due to (i) modal shift to AVs by captive passengers, including elderly and disabled people and (ii) easier travel compared to other modes will contribute to raising the GHG emissions. The result shows that eco-driving and platooning have the most significant contribution to reducing GHG emissions by 35%. On the other side, easier travel and faster travel significantly contribute to the increase of GHG emissions by 41.24%. Study findings reveal that the positive emission changes may not be realized at a lower AV penetration rate, where the maximum emission reduction might take place within 60–80% of AV penetration into the network.

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Xia, Zhi Cheng, and Xiang Dong Wang. "ARM-Based Greenhouse Environmental Parameters Control System Design and Implementation." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 780–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.780.

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The countries all over the world, the development of facilities agriculture that science and technology is to promote the modern facilities of the development of the agriculture basic power, biological technology, information technology, energy technology, the new material technology, high and new technology in agricultural facilities, make the comprehensive application of facilities agriculture become highly intensive industrial technology, to the large-scale, mechanization automation and information way, promoted the sustainable development of modern agriculture[1-2]. As China's economy continues to develop, more and more greenhouses, more and more popular, but the intelligence levels of high and low, in recent years learning to the advanced level , technology continues to develop [3-4]. Control over most of the greenhouse with the IPC, high cost, is not conducive to large scale, then switch to single-chip, but the structure is relatively simple external circuit design complexity, is not conducive to the latter part of the system upgrade, unable to complete the complex control and meets the requirements for low-cost agricultural facilities. Therefore, the study of advanced ARM microprocessor based greenhouse control system meets the requirements for low-cost agricultural facilities, but also well positioned to meet the functional requirements of small and medium sized greenhouse. And has a very good human-computer interaction and communication functions, is of great significance and practical value.

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Xiong, Jian Yun. "Design and Implementation of Greenhouse Temperature and Humidity Remote Monitoring Based on Single Chip Microcomputer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 2910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.2910.

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This article controls the temperature and humidity of greenhouse vegetables through the design of computer automatic control of vegetable greenhouse temperature and humidity remote monitoring system. On this basis, this paper states the corresponding design system’s hardware and software thought in detail, establishes the system core as AT89852 single-chip microcomputer, and with Delphi software to implement the corresponding system simulation. From the point of the effect of implementation, the system is of high automation degree, good human-machine interface, low cost, convenient and simple operation, so it has existence value and good application prospect.

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Geibel, M. C., C. Gerbig, and D. G. Feist. "A new fully automated FTIR system for total column measurements of greenhouse gases." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 3, no. 5 (October 11, 2010): 1363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-1363-2010.

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Abstract. This article introduces a new fully automated FTIR system that is part of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). It will provide continuous ground-based measurements of column-averaged volume mixing ratio for CO2, CH4 and several other greenhouse gases in the tropics. Housed in a 20-foot shipping container it was developed as a transportable system that could be deployed almost anywhere in the world. We describe the automation concept which relies on three autonomous subsystems and their interaction. Crucial components like a sturdy and reliable solar tracker dome are described in detail. The automation software employs a new approach relying on multiple processes, database logging and web-based remote control. First results of total column measurements at Jena, Germany show that the instrument works well and can provide parts of the diurnal as well as seasonal cycle for CO2. Instrument line shape measurements with an HCl cell suggest that the instrument stays well-aligned over several months. After a short test campaign for side by side intercomaprison with an existing TCCON instrument in Australia, the system will be transported to its final destination Ascension Island.

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Heri, Rian K. Nasution, Billie C. Guptan, Dody K. O. Larosa, Destri Sofhani, Hendrik Siagian, Despaleri Perangin-angin, and Eka Dodi Suryanto. "Design of monitoring and automation systems for greenhouse environment based on IoT." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 801 (June 3, 2020): 012096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/801/1/012096.

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KURATA, Kenji. "A fundamental study on automation of greenhouse crop management by machine learning." Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 44, no. 3 (1988): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.44.181.

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Hu, Liang Yi, Ying Yan Zhang, and Zheng Hua Xin. "The Research of Intelligent Greenhouse Alarm System Based on CC2530." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 1077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.1077.

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In order to realize the automation of farming, the alarm system based on CC2530 was designed in this paper. This study used the temperature and humidity sensor SHT10 to collect data. The system reversed the type of data to the integer. The system was based on the CC2530 which is integrated with the ZigBee protocol. To achieve the effect of the automatic alarm, this work set a standard temperature value. When the actual temperature exceeded it, the system called the buzzer automatically and made all the LED lights work. And the value of temperature and humidity after the conversion would be displayed on the LCD screen. The system can complete the control of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse.

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Messerschmidt, J., H. Chen, N. M. Deutscher, C. Gerbig, P. Grupe, K. Katrynski, F. T. Koch, et al. "Automated ground-based remote sensing measurements of greenhouse gases at the Białystok site in comparison with collocated in-situ measurements and model data." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 12 (December 8, 2011): 32245–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-32245-2011.

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Abstract. The fully automated observatory for total greenhouse gas (GHG) column measurements introduced here complements the in-situ facilities at the Białystok site in Poland. With the automated Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), solar absorption measurements have been recorded nearly continuously since March 2009. In this article the automation system, including the hardware components and the automation software will be described in its basics. Furthermore the first comparison of the FTS dataset with the collocated in-situ measurements and the first comparison of the Jena CO2 inversion model are presented. This model identifies monthly variations in the total CO2 column and the seasonal amplitude is in good agreement with the FTS measurements.

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Mempel, Heike, Ivonne Jüttner, and Sabine Wittmann. "The potentials of indoor farming for plant production." at - Automatisierungstechnik 69, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2020-0044.

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Abstract Plant production in indoor farming systems offers significant advantages compared to open field or greenhouse production systems. Especially in terms of quality and the ability for automation the system is superior to the conventional production systems. Concerning resource consumption indoor farming has considerable advantages in regard to water consumption and the use of pesticides. The main disadvantage is the high consumption of electrical energy. Taking advantage of the specific benefits or eliminating the disadvantages, for example by using renewable energies, different potentials and fields of application for indoor farming arise. The paper outlines the potentials and future fields of application of indoor farming considering the specific differences to conventional production systems related to resource consumption, quality and automation.

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Xu, Zhi Fu, Li Ping Sun, Xiao Yan Shi, Hong Bao Ye, and Dong Li. "Application and Benefit Analysis of Facility Intelligent Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 1384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.1384.

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Intelligent control system of greenhouse based on a technical architecture, which combined with the GPRS/GSM wireless communication module and PLC. The system uses the microcomputer to collect information, GPRS/GSM to communication, PLC to control and other technologies. It realizes the comprehensive environmental dynamic optimization balance control of greenhouse group, temperature, light, water, fertilizer and other environmental factors as the control object. The system saves the cost of production and reduces the pollution of farmland, to achieve high yield, high quality, generate significant economic and ecological benefits. The system improves the level of agricultural production management informationization, automation, modernization of Zhejiang, and have low operation cost, synchronously promotes the agricultural synergism, farmer's income and rural development. Keywords: GPRS/GSM; PLC; facility agriculture, intelligent control, benefit analysis.

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