Relevant bibliographies by topics / Greenhouse effects

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Greenhouse effects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Greenhouse effects"

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Bezari, Salah, Sidi Mohammed El Amine Bekkouche, Ahmed Benchatti, Asma Adda, and Azzedine Boutelhig. "Effects of the Rock-Bed Heat Storage System on the Solar Greenhouse Microclimate." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 19, no. 6 (December 29, 2020): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.190608.

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The Mediterranean area is characterized by intense radiation generating high temperatures during the day in the greenhouse and low temperatures during the night. The temperature gap problem between the daytime and the nocturnal period which characterizes the region requires the use of greenhouses with a thermal storage system. A greenhouse equipped with a sensible heat storage system using a rock-bed, was compared to a witness one, under the same climatic conditions. Measurements were performed on the microclimate parameters of both greenhouses, such as temperature and relative humidity. Our work is based on an experimental analysis of greenhouse microclimate and evaluating the evolution of temperature and relative humidity prevailing inside the greenhouse. It has been found that the system efficiency is improved due to the storing of heat in excess during the daytime. This stored energy is used during night. The main obtained results showed that the heat storage system allowed an increase in the air temperature up to 0.9℃ and a decrease of the relative humidity about 3.4% during the night compared to the witness greenhouse. The improvement in the heated greenhouse microclimate during night has a very positive impact on the quality of fruit and yield.
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Keir, Robin S. "Ironing out greenhouse effects." Nature 349, no. 6306 (January 1991): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/349198a0.

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Scarratt, J. B. "Greenhouse Managers: Beware Combustion Fumes in Container Greenhouses." Forestry Chronicle 61, no. 4 (August 1, 1985): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61308-4.

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The combustion of fossil fuels produces a number of gases that can be phytotoxic to plants. Managers of container nurseries should be alert to the fact that entry of these combustion gases into the greenhouse environment can have serious effects upon tree seedlings. At high concentrations, seedlings may be severely damaged or killed outright. Chronic exposure to low levels of pollution can significantly reduce seedling growth even when no other visible symptoms are present. Careful design and layout of greenhouse facilities, and vigilance in the operation of heating equipment, generators and vehicles, are essential to avoid the risk of pollution damage. The effects of an incident in which jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) container stock was exposed to non-lethal concentrations of combustion gasses are described.
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Severin, M., R. Fuß, R. Well, F. Garlipp, and H. Van den Weghe. "Soil, slurry and application effects on greenhouse gas emissions." Plant, Soil and Environment 61, No. 8 (June 6, 2016): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/21/2015-pse.

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Villagrán, Edwin Andrés, and Carlos Ricardo Bojacá. "Effects of surrounding objects on the thermal performance of passively ventilated greenhouses." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 50, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2019.856.

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The growing expansion of protected horticulture in many regions is occurring around densely populated areas where land for agriculture is scarce, expensive or is used for other purposes. Inexpensive plastic passively ventilated greenhouses are the common choice for protected cultivation in these developing regions. The objective of this work was to analyse the effect of surrounding constructions and natural obstacles on the thermal performance of two naturally ventilated greenhouses. A saw tooth type greenhouse (TCG), typical for Colombian production, and an optimised greenhouse (OG) alternative with greater ventilation areas were analysed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with and without the surrounding objects of a real environment. The results showed that air exchange rate of a greenhouse with restricted ventilation areas are greatly reduced when neighbouring objects are high enough. This ventilation restriction is intensified under low wind speed conditions. The temperature gradients of the OG greenhouse were lower than those of the TCG scenarios due to the increased ventilation rates. The rooftop ventilation index for the OG greenhouse was increased by 65% with respect to the TCG greenhouse index, resulting in a direct effect on the ventilation rates. An improved air exchange with the outside can be reached by increasing the greenhouse ventilation areas, especially the roof vents, to overcome the airflow restrictions imposed by the surrounding environment. This simulation exercise was validated with field temperature data collected for a real OG prototype built in the Bogota plateau, with results showing a similar pattern for the internal temperature gradient as exhibited by the CFD model.
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Rasheed, Na, Lee, Kim, and Lee. "Optimization of Greenhouse Thermal Screens for Maximized Energy Conservation." Energies 12, no. 19 (September 20, 2019): 3592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193592.

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In this work, we proposed a Building Energy Simulation (BES) dynamic climatic model of greenhouses by utilizing Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS 18) software to study the effect of use of different thermal screen materials and control strategies of thermal screens on heat energy requirement of greenhouses. Thermal properties of the most common greenhouse thermal screens were measured and used in the BES model. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients of 0.84 and 0.78 showed good agreement between the computed and experimental results, thus the proposed model appears to be appropriate for performing greenhouse thermal simulations. The proposed model was used to evaluate the effects of different thermal screens including; Polyester, Luxous, Tempa, and Multi-layers, as well as to evaluate control strategies of greenhouse thermal screens, subjected to Daegu city, (latitude 35.53 °N, longitude 128.36 °E) South Korea winter season weather conditions. Obtained results show that the heating requirement of greenhouses with multi-layer night thermal screens was 20%, 5.4%, and 13.5%, less than the Polyester, Luxous, and Tempa screens respectively. Thus, our experiments confirm that the use of multi-layered thermal screen can reduce greenhouse heat energy requirement. Furthermore, screen-control with outside solar radiation at an optimum setpoint of 60 W·m−2 significantly influences the greenhouse’s energy conservation capacity, as it exhibited 699.5 MJ · m−2, the least energy demand of all strategies tested. Moreover, the proposed model allows dynamic simulation of greenhouse systems and enables researchers and farmers to evaluate different screens and screen control strategies that suit their investment capabilities and local weather conditions.
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Aberkani, Kamal, Xiuming Hao, Damien de Halleux, Martine Dorais, Stephen Vineberg, and André Gosselin. "Effects of Shading Using a Retractable Liquid Foam Technology on Greenhouse and Plant Microclimates." HortTechnology 20, no. 2 (April 2010): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.2.283.

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Climate control is an important aspect of greenhouse crop management. Shading is one popular method for reducing excess solar heat radiation and high air temperatures in the greenhouse during the summer season. A new innovative technology has recently been developed and is based on the injection of liquid foam between the double layers of polyethylene of the greenhouse roof. The foam can be used as a shading method during the warm days of the summer. This is the first investigation into the effect of shading using the liquid foam technology on greenhouse and plant microclimates. Our research was conducted over 2 years in two different areas of Canada. Experimental greenhouses were retrofitted with the new technology. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) were transplanted. Two shading strategies were used: 1) comparison of a conventional nonmovable shading curtain to the liquid foam shading system and application of liquid foam shading based only on outside global solar radiation; and 2) application of foam shading based on both outside global solar radiation and greenhouse air temperature. Data on the greenhouse microclimate (global solar radiation, air temperature, and relative humidity), the canopy microclimate (leaf and bottom fruit temperatures), and ventilation (opening/closing) were recorded. Our study showed that the retractable liquid foam technology improved greenhouse climate. Under some conditions (very sunny and hot days), a large difference in air temperature (up to 6 °C) was noted between the unshaded and shaded greenhouses as a result of liquid foam application (40% to 65% shading). Foam shading also increased relative humidity by 5% to 12%. Furthermore, bottom fruit temperatures stayed cooler 3 h after shading treatment was stopped. As well, a reduction in ventilation needs was observed with liquid foam shading.
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Papadopoulos, Athanasios P. "GREENHOUSE ENVIRONMENT OPTIMIZATION FOR SEEDLESS CUCUMBERS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 662c—662. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.662c.

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The greenhouse cover has previously been shown to have large effects upon the greenhouse environment, crop productivity and energy use. However, in most cases, because of inadequate treatment replication, the extent of these effects has been impossible to quantify with confidence. In the fall of 1987, a new greenhouse complex of 9 mini greenhouses (6.4m × 7.2m, each) was constructed at the Harrow Research Station on the principles of the 3×3 Latin Square experimental design and with glass, double polyethylene film and double acrylic panel greenhouse covers as the three levels of treatment in the Latin Square. During the spring seasons of 1988 and 1990 the greenhouse cucumber cultivar Corona was cropped in rockwool in all 9 mini greenhouses, under 3 day air (DAT: 18°C, 21 °C and 24°C) and 3 night air temperatures (NAT: 16°C, 18°C and 20°C), superimposed across the rows and columns of greenhouses, respectively, to estimate yield and energy use response to DAT, NAT and greenhouse cover variation. Early marketable yield was highest at the 18/18 and 18/20°C DAT/NAT combinations and final marketable yield was highest at 18°C DAT regardless of NAT. Yield differences due to the greenhouse cover were insignificant. However, there were consistent differences in greenhouse air RH due to greenhouse cover (60%, 70% and 75% daily averages for glass, double polyethylene and double acrylic, respectively). Also, there were significant energy savings with the use of double polyethylene or double acrylic, as compared to glass greenhouse cover, and with low DAT and NAT (28%, 15% and 12% energy use reduction, respectively).
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Perkins, Sid. "Satellites Verify Greenhouse-Gas Effects." Science News 159, no. 11 (March 17, 2001): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3981615.

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Mitchell, J. F. B. "Local effects of greenhouse gases." Nature 332, no. 6163 (March 1988): 399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/332399a0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Greenhouse effects"

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Klaus, Marcus. "Land use effects on greenhouse gas emissions from boreal inland waters." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-134767.

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Anthropogenic activities perturb the global carbon and nitrogen cycle with large implications for the earth’s climate. Land use activities deliver excess carbon and nitrogen to aquatic ecosystems. In the boreal biome, this is mainly due to forestry and atmospheric deposition. Yet, impacts of these anthropogenically mediated inputs of carbon and nitrogen on the processing and emissions of greenhouse gases from recipient streams and lakes are largely unknown. Understanding the ecosystem-scale response of aquatic greenhouse gas cycling to land use activities is critical to better predict anthropogenic effects on the global climate system and design more efficient climate change mitigation measures. This thesis assesses the effects of forest clearcutting and nitrate enrichment on greenhouse gas emissions from boreal inland waters. It also advances methods to quantify sources and sinks of these emissions. Short-term clearcut and nitrate enrichment effects were assessed using two whole-ecosystem experiments, carried out over four years in nine headwater catchments in boreal Sweden. In these experiments, I measured or modeled air-water fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), combining concentration, ebullition and gas-transfer velocity measurements in groundwater, streams and lakes. By using Swedish national monitoring data, I also assessed broad-scale effects of forest clearcutting by relating CO2 concentrations in 439 forest lakes to the areal proportion of catchment forest clearcuts. To improve quantifications of CO2 sources and sinks in lakes, I analyzed time series of oxygen concentrations and water temperature in five lakes on conditions under which whole-lake metabolism estimates can be inferred from oxygen dynamics given the perturbing influence of atmospheric exchange, mixing and internal waves. The experiments revealed that aquatic greenhouse gas emissions did not respond to nitrate addition or forest clearcutting. Importantly, riparian zones likely buffered clearcut-induced increases in groundwater CO2 and CH4 concentrations. Experimental results were confirmed by monitoring data showing no relationship between CO2 patterns across Swedish lakes and clearcut gradients. Yet, conclusions on internal vs. external CO2 controls largely depended on whether spatially or temporally resolved data was used. Partitioning CO2 sources and sinks in lakes using time series of oxygen was greatly challenged by physical transport and mixing processes. Conclusively, ongoing land use activities in the boreal zone are unlikely to have major effect on headwater greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, system- and scale specific effects cannot be excluded. To reveal these effects, there is a large need of improved methods and design of monitoring programs that account for the large spatial and temporal variability in greenhouse gas dynamics and its controls by abiotic and biotic factors.
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Aras, Sadiye. "Effects of Precipitation Changes on Switchgrass Biomass and Greenhouse Gas Emission." Thesis, Tennessee State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10615045.

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Climate change and the energy crisis are two important issues we face in the world today. Bioenergy crops such as switchgrass could be very useful in solving these problems. But the interaction between switchgrass productivity and climate change, for example, precipitation changes, has not been well investigated. For this reason, we conducted a field precipitation experiment in Nashville, Tennessee, to study the effects of precipitation on switchgrass growth and soil respiration. Precipitation treatments included five levels: a control (ambient precipitation), +33%, +50% of ambient to simulate wet, and -33% and -50% of ambient to simulate drought treatments. We measured switchgrass physiology, roots, biomass, and soil respiration. Results showed that photosynthetic rates of switchgrass in the +33% and +50% treatments were about 19.5 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1, significantly higher than that in the other three treatments. The lowest one was found in the -50% treatment (17.26 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1). The biomass in the +50% treatment was the highest and the lowest was observed in the -50% treatment. The results indicate that, although switchgrass is a drought tolerant grass, high precipitation stimulates switchgrass photosynthesis and growth.

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Incemehmetoglu, Ali. "Investigation The Effects Of Different Support Medium On Product With Nutrient Film Technique." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615360/index.pdf.

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Hydroponics basically is the method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil. Vertical nutrient film technique (NFT) is one of the most used hydroponic technique that has constant flow of nutrient solution. In this study the effects of different support medium on strawberry quality and yield using vertical NFT in glass greenhouse was investigated. NFT-only system was compared to rockwool, coco fiber, perlite and expanded clay as supporting medium for strawberry production. Parameters such as weight of product, amount of product, rate of marketable product, and including physico-chemical properties such as pH, rigidity, color, dry matter amount, EC, vitamin C, sugar content, resistance to certain pathogens were observed among all supporting medium trials. NFT-only system significantly differed from other supporting medium trails by most of the parameters including fruit number per plant, average fruit weight, toughness of the fruit, vitamin C amount, sugar amount and finally soluble solid material amount in water . Revealing the effects of supporting medium on strawberry production shed light on how should NFT must be applied to fruit growing.
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Winter, Barbara. "The effects of greenhouse-gas and surface thermal forcing on the stratosphere." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96862.

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This thesis is concerned with the possible future changes in the stratosphere as a result of climate change. In this context, the climate change forcing can be separated into two components: (i) radiative forcing due to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio, and (ii) surface thermal forcing. My focus is on the response in the circulation of the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere in winter. All experiments are carried out with a chemistry-climate model (CCM, i.e. an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a chemistry model), the IGCM-FASTOC, and all results shown are averages over 100-year or 50-year simulations in timeslice mode (i.e. every year can be considered as one member of an ensemble having 50 or 100 members). This allows statistically robustresults in a region of high variability in the temperature and wind fields.When the IGCM-FASTOC is coupled to a mixed-layer slab ocean, the Arctic lower stratosphere in winter warms by up to 4K under 2xCO2 conditions, with associated weakening of the polar vortex and enhancement of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC). This change is related to a significant increase in the Rossby wave forcing near the vortex core starting in January, followed by anincreased wave forcing at the lower edge of the polar vortex in February. Maximum wave forcing is found both to begin earlier in the winter and to be distributed over a longer period of time in the 2xCO2 climate. Results from four additional pairs of simulations (control and 2xCO2), in which sea and/or land surface temperatures were either calculated interactively, prescribed as a climatological cycle, or prescribed as interannually varying monthly-mean fields, demonstrate that the interannual variability in sea and land temperatures, and the adjustment of oceans and lands to the atmosphere and to one another, are essential in order to maintain realistic stratospheric forcing by Rossby waves and to adequately capture the stratospheric response to global warming. Specifically, when the land is interactive but the slab ocean is replaced by prescribed interannually varying monthly-mean temperatures, the stratospheric response is qualitatively similar to the fully interactive case, but has lower amplitude and is statistically significant over a smaller area.In the experiment without interannual variability, there is no response in stratospheric dynamics.To assess the impact of surface temperatures on the stratospheric circulation, a separate suite of experiments was carried out in which a 2K temperature anomaly was added to the control surface temperature at all gridpoints within latitudinal windows of 10 or 30 degrees. Thermal surface forcing applied anywhere equatorwards of 20N, or continuously from the equator to 30N, increases the generation of planetary waves in the troposphere, resulting in increased upward propagation. Consequently, a greater flux of wave activity enters the mid- to high latitude stratosphere and breaks in the polar vortex,increasing the BDC and leading to a warm anomaly in the polar stratosphere. Ozone concentration increases at high latitudes and decreases at low latitudes. Thermal surface forcing imposed between 30N and 60N has the reverse effect and leads to a stronger and colder vortex. Thermal forcing applied polewards of 60N has little effect on tropospheric baroclinicity, but results in a sufficientdecrease of the vertical flux of planetary wave activity that the vortex becomes anomalously strong and cold. In all cases when surface forcing is imposed only polewards of 30N, the ozone concentration decreases at high latitudes but is not affected at low latitudes. Combining the forcing in an equatorial and a mid-latitude band leads to a response similar to that of the equatorial forcing, demonstrating that the subtropical surface temperature changes dominate the sign of the surface-driven response in the vortex.
Cette thèse étudie les possibles futurs changements dans la stratosphère dus au forçage par les changements climatiques. Dans ce contexte, les changements climatiques peuvent être séparés en deux composantes: (i) le forçage radiatif dû à un doublage de la concentration de CO2 dans l'atmosphère et (ii) le forçage thermique à la surface. L'emphase est mise sur la réponse dans lacirculation de l'Hémisphère nord en hiver. Toutes les expériences sont réalisées au moyen d'un modèle climat-chimie (un modèle de la circulation générale de l'atmosphère couplé à un modèle de chimie), le IGCM-FASTOC, et les résultats présentés sont les moyennes sur 100 ou 50 ans de simulations en mode répété (ou stationnaire, i.e. chaque année peut être considérée comme un membred'un ensemble ayant 100 ou 50 membres). Ceci permet d'aboutir à des résultats qui sont statistiquement significatifs dans une région où la température et les vents sont hautement variables.Lorsque le IGCM-FASTOC est couplé à un océan homogène de 25m de profondeur et que les températures de surface sont calculées de façon interactive, la réponse dans la basse stratosphère de l'Arctique à un doublage de CO2 est un réchauffement de 4K, accompagné d'un affaiblissement du vortex polaire et d'une augmentation de la circulation Brewer-Dobson (CBD). Ces changements sont reliés à une importante augmentation du flux vertical d'ondes Rossby, qui décélèrent le centre du vortex dès le mois de janvier, puis son bord inférieur en février. Le forçage maximal du vortex par les ondes débute plus tôt dans la saison hivernale et dure pour une plus grande période de temps dans le climat 2xCO2. Quatre paires de simulations supplémentaires (contrôle et 2xCO2) ontété réalisées, dans lesquelles les températures à la surface de l'océan et/ou de la terre étaient soit calculées de manière interactive, soit prescrites comme cycle climatologique fixe ou ayant une variabilité interannuelle. Ces expériences démontrent que la variabilité interannuelle, tout comme les ajustements des températures de surface à l'atmosphère ou des températures de la terre à celle des océans, sont essentielles pour maintenir un forçage réaliste du vortex par les ondes Rossby et donc pour capturer la réponse auxchangements climatiques de façon adéquate. Quand la surface terrestre est interactive mais l'océan couplé est remplacé par des températures imposées qui varient à l'échelle interannuelle, la réponse dans la stratosphère est qualitativement semblable à celle de l'expérience ayant l'océan interactif; par contre, cette réponse a une amplitude inférieure en plus d'être statistiquement significative sur une région moins importante. Les expériences sans variabilité interannuelle ne montrent aucun changement de la circulationdans la stratosphère.Pour évaluer l'importance du rôle de la température de surface dans la circulation stratosphérique, j'ai entrepris une nouvelle série d'expériences dans lesquelles une anomalie thermique de 2K est imposée à tous les points de grille à l'intérieur de bandes zonales larges de 10 ou de 30 degrés de latitude. Lorsque le forçage thermique est imposé à la surface entre 0N et 20N, ou de façon continue entre 0N et 30N, un plus grand flux d'activité ondulatoire accède à la stratosphère dans les moyennes et hautes latitudes. Les ondes se cassent dans le vortex, menant à une augmentation de la CBD et à une anomalie positive dans température de la stratosphère polaire. Un forçage thermique imposé à la surface entre 30N et 60N donne le résultat inverse, soit un vortex plus fort et plus froid. Le forçage thermique imposé à la surface au nord de 60N affaiblit suffisamment le flux vertical d'activité ondulatoire pour que levortex en résulte plus froid et plus fort également. Lorsque le forçage thermique est appliqué à la fois dans une bande équatoriale et dans une bande des moyennes latitudes, le forçage dans les subtropiques domine le signe de la réponse dans le vortex polaire.
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Simoes, Barneze Arlete. "Interactive effects of climate change and management on grassland greenhouse gas emissions." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2018. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/126417/.

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Climate warming has the potential to alter carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and a range of other ecosystem functioning in grasslands. This will be particularly important for the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems due to its role in global food security and soil C sequestration. The interaction between climate warming and grassland management is highly important and needs to be addressed as it may change the direction and strength of the effects on GHG emissions by changing plant productivity (either above and/or below-ground) and plant-soil properties. Plant species composition also plays a key role affecting the nutrient cycling thus GHG emissions in grasslands. The aim of this thesis is to understand how grassland management will influence C and N cycling under future climate change. The interactive effect of climate warming and grassland management is investigated in a field experiment over two growing seasons with varied microclimate effects, and the effect of plant composition manipulation in a controlled temperature mesocosm experiment. Overall, interactions between warming and management significantly affected GHG fluxes and plant-soil properties with important single treatment effects. The role that below-ground components plays on GHG emissions was less evident, becoming unclear the mechanisms related to gas releases to the atmosphere. Increases in legume proportions in grass-legume mixtures reduced ecosystem respiration in fertilised soils, with no effects in unfertilised soils. N cycling was not affected by increases in legume proportions. Plant productivity including above- and below-ground biomass had a non-linear relationship with relative legume proportion. Either grassland management or different plant species compositions approach may improve C sequestration and reduce GHG emissions.
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Shao, Miaolei. "The effects of greenhouse gas limits on electric power system dispatch and operations." Diss., Wichita State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2079.

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Providing reliable, affordable, clean electricity is essential for national economic performance and quality of life. A big challenge facing the electric power industry today is to meet the nation’s energy needs with the least environmental harm that results from electric power plants. The electric power industry is and will continue to be a primary focus of existing and future greenhouse gas (GHG) emission regulations. Different from other air pollutant regulations such as for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrous oxides (NOx), GHG regulations have the potential to significantly affect electric power system dispatch and operations over a relatively short period, so the implications are significant enough to warrant an in-depth study. This dissertation first discusses climate change and the contribution from the electric power industry. Various climate change policies and corresponding research done in the electric power industry are presented, through which operators, planners, strategists, and investors can better understand the potential impacts of GHG regulations on the electric power industry. Then several primary power system features that will impact CO2 emissions are analyzed in this dissertation, using a simple two-bus two-generator power system. These power system features include CO2 emission factors by type of fuel used to generate power, unit thermal efficiency, regional generation mix, electricity demand, and transmission constraints. This dissertation then develops the CO2 emission-incorporated cost model, which includes a fuel cost function, CO2 emission cost function, and fuel-emission cost function. The implications of CO2 emission cost on generation dispatch related issues, such as generation cost variation and breakeven price of CO2, are studied. Based on the developed CO2 emission incorporated cost model, a powerful CO2 emission-incorporated ac optimal power flow has been formulated in this dissertation. The effects of the CO2 emission-incorporated ac optimal power flow on electric power system dispatch and operations were investigated using the standard IEEE 24-bus reliability test system through several case studies. These case studies consider situations of different fuel prices and different load levels. For each case study, a wide range of CO2 prices were modeled. Finally, in order to meet the annual CO2 emission limits economically, an integer programming based optimization methodology for implementing the proposed CO2 emission incorporated optimal power flow has been developed. The optimization methodology has been verified by various annual CO2 emission caps.
Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
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Mojeremane, Witness. "Effects of site preparation for afforestation on soil properties and greenhouse gas emission." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4192.

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Forest plantations in the UK are often established on seasonally waterlogged peaty gley soils which often require site preparation (drainage and mounding) to lower the water table and prepare planting positions. Substantial changes in the physical environment of peaty gley soils can accompany site preparation including fluctuations in soil temperature and soil moisture. These and other changes can all affect soil properties and decomposition processes and well as the dynamics of CO2, CH4 and N2O. A field experiment was established at Harwood Forest (NE England) to investigate the effects of three site management practices (drainage, mounding and fertilisation) frequently used for afforestation and replanting on peaty gley soils in the UK on soil properties and various of C and N, environmental variables (soil temperature, water content and water table height) and emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O. The relationship between GHG emissions and environmental variables was also examined. The experiment was laid out in a factorial split-plot design. Drainage decreased C and N concentration in the 10 cm soil layer. The soil bulk density in the 0 to 20 cm soil layer was increased by mounding. Drainage and fertilisation increased soil CO2 efflux, whereas mounding did not affect soil CO2 efflux. All three practices affected soil CH4 fluxes with drainage reducing the fluxes and mounding and fertilisation increasing the fluxes. Nitrous oxide emissions were significantly affected by mounding and fertilisation, with mounding decreasing emissions and fertilisation increasing emissions. Soil temperature was the main environmental factor controlling soil respiration in this site. Over the two years study drainage and fertilisation increased the total greenhouse budget by 13.1% and 97.9%, while mounding caused a reduction of−17.6%. Drainage plus mounding reduced the total greenhouse budget by 6.9%, while drainage plus mounding plus fertilisation increased the total greenhouse budget by 101.8%. There is a potential for up-scaling GHG emissions from newly drained peaty gley for inclusion in the UK Land Use Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) Greenhouse Gas Inventory. However up-scaling and evaluation of the net emissions requires high quality data from different sites newly drained for afforestation. More studies are needed if net fluxes from newly drained sites are to the included in the LULUCF Greenhouse Gas Inventory.
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Shao, Miaolei Jewell Ward T. "The effects of greenhouse gas limits on electric power system dispatch and operations /." A link to full text of this dissertation in SOAR, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2079.

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Alazzawi, Sheymaa. "DESIGNING A SMART GREENHOUSE VENTILATION WINDOW BASED ON NITI SMA ACTUATOR." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1703.

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A multi-functional (sensing -actuating) greenhouse ventilation window heated/cooled naturally by convection was designed to overcome different industry challenges in terms of designing smart applications. This ventilation window design includes a three-pulley system to reduce the load on the NiTi actuator and enhance its long-life time. In addition, using the NiTi actuator allows energy saving due to natural phase transformation induction (i.e. convection) and high force generation compared to the small NiTi wire mass. Structural analysis was used to determine the force generated in the “C-shaped” NiTi wire after loading. Transient thermal and structural analysis also was used to investigate the strain rate effects on the shape memory response of “C shaped” NiTi alloy element under different thermomechanical loadings and boundary conditions. Two types of loading have been applied isothermally or at adiabatic conditions. The results showed a significant effect of the high loading rates on increasing the stress plateau which is caused by the corresponding shift in the transformation temperatures. As a result, it could be expected that the actuator life time could be reduced when a rapid, as opposed to a slow loading rate, is adopted. In addition, the dynamic loading of the NiTi leads to a decrease of the recoverable strain. Experimental work was done to validate the simulation model by testing a commercial NiTi sample dynamically and compare the macroscopic displacement during mechanical loading and the strain recovery process.
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Ventura, Robert E. "Wetlands and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes: Causes and Effects of Climate Change – A Meta-Analysis." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/107.

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Climate change is one of the largest problems facing this generation. Anthropogenically caused increases of greenhouse gas emissions is a significant culprit to this problem. Although the obvious problems such as cars, industry, and urbanism garnish a significant amount of the criticism, natural sources such as wetlands are also beginning to contribute to this issue. This is becoming increasingly significant as wetlands shift from being sinks of greenhouse gases to becoming sources as various anthropogenic impacts, including global warming itself, begin to affect the health of the wetlands. The aim of this project is to look at four common types of wetlands, being tropical mangroves, temperate coastal marshes, inland meadows, and subarctic peatlands, all located in different climactic areas of the world, and by doing a meta-analysis of available data of greenhouse gas production for each wetland type, observe how differences in their greenhouse gas production may contribute or be affected by climate change and global warming. Results of the meta-analysis revealed that the most significant production of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide occurs in coastal wetlands such as tropical mangroves and coastal marshes, while the greenhouse gas methane is seen to be produced most in subarctic peatlands. These contributions of wetlands to global greenhouse gas production are not as significant as other anthropogenic contributions. However, subarctic wetlands contribute to more than half of the global methane emissions, and the most important aspect of wetland greenhouse gas production is that they are producing more greenhouse gases than they would normally be sequestering, contributing more than the basic greenhouse gas production data can display. Global climate changes such as temperature increase and sea level rise could also make these levels of greenhouse gas production become worse, although measures to decrease the effects of this such as regulations on anthropogenic nitrogen input, macrophyte presence, and prevention of peat burning.
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Books on the topic "Greenhouse effects"

1

John, Mason. The greenhouse effects and global warming. Cheltenham: British Coal, 1990.

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Climatic effects created by atmospheric greenhouse gases. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publisher's, Inc., 2011.

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Natty, Urquizo, and Canada Environment Canada, eds. The relative magnitude of the impacts and effects of GHG-related emission reductions. [Ottawa]: Environment Canada, 1999.

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Nicoletti, Giuseppe. Global effects of the European carbon tax. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1992.

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Hardy, J. T. Human-induced global climate change: Predicted effects and implicatons for the Gulf. Leiden: Backhuys, 2002.

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Hapke, Bruce. Applications of an energy transfer model to three problems in planetary regoliths: The solid-state greenhouse, thermal beaming, and emittance spectra. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Dahlem Workshop on Limiting the Greenhouse Effect: Options and Controlling Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Accumulation (1990 Berlin, Germany). Limiting greenhouse effects: Controlling carbon dioxide emissions : report of the Dahlem Workshop on Limiting the Greenhouse Effect: Options for Controlling Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Accumulation, Berlin 1990, December 9-14. Chichester, West Sussex, England: Wiley, 1992.

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Ireland, Derek J. Effects of climatic change on world industry, trade and investment: A discussion paper. Halifax: The Institute for Research on Public Policy = L'Institut de recherches politiques, 1989.

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Ireland, Derek J. Effects of climatic change on world industry, trade and investment: A discussion paper. Halifax, N.S: Institute for Research on Public Policy, 1989.

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Kooten, G. C. Van. Economic issues relating to climate change effects on Canada's forests. Vancouver, B.C: Forest Economics and Policy Analysis Research Unit, University of British Columbia, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Greenhouse effects"

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Padmanabhan, Priya, and Gopinadhan Paliyath. "Hexanal Effects on Greenhouse Vegetables." In Postharvest Biology and Nanotechnology, 243–53. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119289470.ch14.

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Sonneveld, Cees, and Wim Voogt. "Chemical Effects of Disinfestation." In Plant Nutrition of Greenhouse Crops, 203–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2532-6_10.

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Winiwarter, Wilfried, and Barbara Muik. "Statistical dependence in input data of national greenhouse gas inventories: effects on the overall inventory uncertainty." In Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 19–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1670-4_3.

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Hatano, Ryusuke. "Greenhouse Gas Fluxes: Effects of Physical Conditions." In Encyclopedia of Agrophysics, 339–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3585-1_64.

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Blumenthal, M. Benno. "Effects of West African Air Humidity on Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature." In Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought, 21–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0_2.

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Faure, H., L. Faure-Denard, and R. W. Fairbridge. "Possible Effects of Man on the Carbon Cycle in the Past and in the Future." In Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level and Drought, 459–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0701-0_27.

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Ntinyari, Winnie, and Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango. "Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Agricultural Systems and Climate Change Effects in Sub- Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1081–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_43.

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AbstractClimate change has been viewed to result from anthropogenic human activities that have significantly altered the Nitrogen (N) cycle and carbon cycles, increasing the risks of global warming and pollution. A key cause of global warming is the increase in greenhouse gas emissions including methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon among others. The context of this chapter is based on a comprehensive desktop review on published scientific papers on climate change, greenhouse emissions, agricultural fertilizer use, modeling and projections of greenhouse gases emissions. Interestingly, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the least emissions of the greenhouses gases accounting for only 7% of the total world’s emissions, implying that there is overall very little contribution yet it has the highest regional burden concerning climate change impacts. However, the values could be extremely higher than this due to lack of proper estimation and measurement tools in the region and therefore, caution needs to be taken early enough to avoid taking the trend currently experienced in developed nations. In SSA, agricultural production is the leading sector in emissions of N compound to the atmosphere followed by energy and transportation. The greatest challenge lies in the management of the two systems to ensure sufficiency in food production using more bioenergy hence less pollution. Integrating livestock and cropping systems is one strategy that can reduce methane emissions. Additionally, developing fertilizer use policy to improve management of fertilizer and organic manure have been potentially considered as effective in reducing the effects of agriculture activities on climate change and hence the main focus of the current chapter.
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Straume, A. G., J. P. F. Fortuin, P. Siegmund, H. Kelder, and E. Roeckner. "Modelling the effects of ozone changes on climate." In Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Scientific Understanding, Control and Implementation, 241–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9343-4_37.

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Gullino, Maria Lodovica, and Luciana Tavella. "Chemical and Natural Pesticides in IPM: Side-Effects and Application." In Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops, 441–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22304-5_15.

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Blümel, Sylvia, Graham A. Matthews, Avi Grinstein, and Yigal Elad. "Pesticides in IPM: Selectivity, Side-effects, Application and Resistance Problems." In Integrated Pest and Disease Management in Greenhouse Crops, 150–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47585-5_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Greenhouse effects"

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CLARK, ROBERT A. "WATER; CLIMATE, OZONE AND GREENHOUSE EFFECTS; AND DESERTIFICATION." In Proceedings of the International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies — 27th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812705150_0055.

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Flávio Favaro Blanco and Marcos Vinícius Folegatti. "Nitrogen and Potassium Effects on Tomato Salinity Tolerance in Greenhouse." In 2002 Chicago, IL July 28-31, 2002. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.10297.

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Sapiee, Nor Amalia, Abdul Halim Abd Rahman, Izanoordina Ahmad, Norhaslinawati Ramli, Mohd Azlan Abu, Md Tarmizi Mustaffa, Mohamad Zulhanis Ismail, and Muhammad Haziq Mohamad Salim. "The study of factors that effects growth of plant in greenhouse." In APPLIED PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER (APCOM 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5118106.

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Burke, Hsiao-hua, Bill Snow, and Kris Farrar. "Potential roles of satellite hyperspectral IR sensors in monitoring greenhouse effects." In Defense and Security, edited by Sylvia S. Shen and Paul E. Lewis. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.604905.

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Reynolds, Tom, Lucy Budd, David Gillingwater, and Robert Caves. "Effects of Airspace Charging on Airline Route Selection & Greenhouse Gas Emissions." In 9th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (ATIO). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-7028.

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Yan, Lei, Yu Bai, Bi-ying Li, Li-yuan Hou, Xiu-yan Zhou, and Zhi-wei Qin. "Effects of Three Kinds of Fungicides on Enzyme Activities in Greenhouse Soil." In 2010 International Conference on E-Product E-Service and E-Entertainment (ICEEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2010.5660459.

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He, Keshi, Dayue Chen, and Zhenglu Liu. "Effects of vent configuration and wind regime on the microclimate in the tunnel greenhouse." In 2017 6th International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics.2017.8046997.

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Xie Jie. "Greenhouse effects on the world agriculture—based on computable general equilibrium model analysis." In 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5536266.

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Zhang, G. F. "Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Environment and Soil Fertility for Sunlight Greenhouse." In 2015 International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/itms-15.2015.261.

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Tanveer, Harris, David Gauntlett, Jhonnattan Diaz, and Po-Cheng Yeh. "Design of a flight planning system to reduce persistent contrail formation to reduce greenhouse effects." In 2014 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sieds.2014.6829890.

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Reports on the topic "Greenhouse effects"

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Saricks, C., D. Santini, and M. Wang. Effects of Fuel Ethanol Use on Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/4742.

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Blasing, T. J., R. L. Miller, and L. N. McCold. Potential effects of clean coal technologies on acid precipitation, greenhouse gases, and solid waste disposal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10128275.

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Yang, Lavender, Nicholas Muller, and Pierre Jinghong Liang. The Real Effects of Mandatory CSR Disclosure on Emissions: Evidence from the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28984.

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Snilstveit, Birte, Jennifer Stevenson, Paul Fenton Villar, John Eyers, Celia Harvey, Steven Panfil, Jyotsna Puri, and Madeleine C. McKinnon. Land-use change and forestry programmes: evidence on the effects on greenhouse gas emissions and food security. International Institute for Impact Evaluation, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/egm003.

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Porter, C. D., A. Brown, R. T. Dunphy, and L. Vimmerstedt. Transportation Energy Futures Series. Effects of the Built Environment on Transportation. Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Other Factors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219931.

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Porter, C. D., A. Brown, J. DeFlorio, E. McKenzie, W. Tao, and L. Vimmerstedt. Transportation Energy Futures Series. Effects of Travel Reduction and Efficient Driving on Transportation. Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219932.

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Porter, Christopher D., Austin Brown, R. T. Dunphy, and Laura Vimmerstedt. Transportation Energy Futures Series: Effects of the Built Environment on Transportation: Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Other Factors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1069163.

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Porter, Christopher D., Austin Brown, Joshua DeFlorio, Elaine McKenzie, Wendy Tao, and Laura Vimmerstedt. Transportation Energy Futures Series: Effects of Travel Reduction and Efficient Driving on Transportation: Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1069182.

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Akbari, Hashem, Tengfang Xu, Haider Taha, Craig Wray, Jayant Sathaye, Vishal Garg, Surekha Tetali, M. Hari Babu, and K. Niranjan Reddy. Using Cool Roofs to Reduce Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Urban Heat-island Effects: Findings from an India Experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1026804.

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Hu, Tao, Xianqiang Mao, Xuedu Lu, and Gloria P. Gerilla-Teknomo. Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Co-control Evaluation in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200387-2.

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Local air pollutants (LAPs), such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone, and particulate matter, as well as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector are rapidly increasing in the People’s Republic of China. Various measures to control LAPs have been implemented in the country, along with the adoption of strategies to mitigate GHG emissions. The connection between LAP and GHG emission control and reduction offers an opportunity to address both problems simultaneously. This paper presents a methodology that measures the benefits of co-control evaluation on mitigating LAP and GHG emissions. It highlights the methodology’s potential to help maximize measures and strategies that have significant co-control effects.
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