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Journal articles on the topic 'Greenland ice sheet melting'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Slater, Donald A., Fiamma Straneo, Denis Felikson, et al. "Estimating Greenland tidewater glacier retreat driven by submarine melting." Cryosphere 13, no. 9 (2019): 2489–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2489-2019.

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Abstract. The effect of the North Atlantic Ocean on the Greenland Ice Sheet through submarine melting of Greenland's tidewater glacier calving fronts is thought to be a key driver of widespread glacier retreat, dynamic mass loss and sea level contribution from the ice sheet. Despite its critical importance, problems of process complexity and scale hinder efforts to represent the influence of submarine melting in ice-sheet-scale models. Here we propose parameterizing tidewater glacier terminus position as a simple linear function of submarine melting, with submarine melting in turn estimated as

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2

Slater, Thomas, Isobel R. Lawrence, Inès N. Otosaka, et al. "Review article: Earth's ice imbalance." Cryosphere 15, no. 1 (2021): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-233-2021.

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Abstract. We combine satellite observations and numerical models to show that Earth lost 28 trillion tonnes of ice between 1994 and 2017. Arctic sea ice (7.6 trillion tonnes), Antarctic ice shelves (6.5 trillion tonnes), mountain glaciers (6.1 trillion tonnes), the Greenland ice sheet (3.8 trillion tonnes), the Antarctic ice sheet (2.5 trillion tonnes), and Southern Ocean sea ice (0.9 trillion tonnes) have all decreased in mass. Just over half (58 %) of the ice loss was from the Northern Hemisphere, and the remainder (42 %) was from the Southern Hemisphere. The rate of ice loss has risen by 57

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3

Liu, Jiping, Zhiqiang Chen, Jennifer Francis, Mirong Song, Thomas Mote, and Yongyun Hu. "Has Arctic Sea Ice Loss Contributed to Increased Surface Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet?" Journal of Climate 29, no. 9 (2016): 3373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0391.1.

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Abstract In recent decades, the Greenland ice sheet has experienced increased surface melt. However, the underlying cause of this increased surface melting and how it relates to cryospheric changes across the Arctic remain unclear. Here it is shown that an important contributing factor is the decreasing Arctic sea ice. Reduced summer sea ice favors stronger and more frequent occurrences of blocking-high pressure events over Greenland. Blocking highs enhance the transport of warm, moist air over Greenland, which increases downwelling infrared radiation, contributes to increased extreme heat eve

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4

Li, Siqi. "Modeling the Impact of Greenland Ice Sheet Melting on Global Sea Level Elevation and Climate Change Feedback Mechanisms." Theoretical and Natural Science 86, no. 1 (2025): 126–33. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.20193.

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The rapid acceleration of global warming is leading to an increased rate of glacier melt at the Earth's poles, which exacerbates the threats posed by the climate crisis and contributes to rising ocean levels. The Greenland Ice Sheet, recognized as the second-largest ice sheet globally, has housed its extensive glaciers and ice caps for at least 18 million years [1]. The melting and potential collapse of this ice sheet could significantly affect Worldwide climate and sea height. This research aims to develop a coupled model to assess rising sea levels caused by the thawing of the Greenland Ice

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5

Smith, Ben, Helen A. Fricker, Alex S. Gardner, et al. "Pervasive ice sheet mass loss reflects competing ocean and atmosphere processes." Science 368, no. 6496 (2020): 1239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz5845.

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Quantifying changes in Earth’s ice sheets and identifying the climate drivers are central to improving sea level projections. We provide unified estimates of grounded and floating ice mass change from 2003 to 2019 using NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) and ICESat-2 satellite laser altimetry. Our data reveal patterns likely linked to competing climate processes: Ice loss from coastal Greenland (increased surface melt), Antarctic ice shelves (increased ocean melting), and Greenland and Antarctic outlet glaciers (dynamic response to ocean melting) was partially compensated

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6

Braithwaite, R. J., N. Reeh, and A. Weidick. "Greenland glaciers and the 'greenhouse effect', status 1991." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 155 (January 1, 1992): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v155.8171.

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Possible global climate change caused by increased 'greenhouse effect' continues to be a matter of international public concern. In particular, a warmer climate is expected to cause increased melting of the Greenland ice sheet, and a rise in world sea level. The Greenland ice sheet is therefore a potential hazard for low-Iying countries. Climate warming may be apparent first, and with greatest magnitude, at high latitudes so that increased melting of the Greenland ice sheet could give early warning of global climate change. For these reasons, GGU and foreign organisations are studying Greenlan

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7

Wang, Hejing, Dehai Luo, Yanan Chen, and Yao Ge. "Spatially Heterogeneous Effects of Atmospheric Circulation on Greenland Ice Sheet Melting." Atmosphere 15, no. 1 (2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010057.

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The melting of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) in summer has rapidly and significantly increased in recent decades, especially for the northern GrIS. Circulation related to GrIS melting is important for understanding the contribution of the GrIS to the global sea level. In this paper, we used the SOM method to obtain three spatial patterns of GrIS melting based on model output data: overall melting, northern melting, and southern melting patterns. We also examined their linkages to the observed atmospheric circulation. GrIS melting is primarily related to Greenland blocking (GB), while differen

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8

Braithwaite, R. J., O. B. Olesen, N. Reeh, and A. Weidick. "Greenland glaciers and the 'greenhouse effect', activities 1993." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 160 (January 1, 1994): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v160.8236.

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Possible global climate change caused by increased 'greenhouse effect' may lead to a warmer climate that will cause increased melting of the Greenland ice sheet, and a rise in world sea level. Climate warming may be apparent first and with greatest magnitude at high latitudes so that increased melting of the Greenland ice sheet could give early warning of global climate change. For these reasons, GGU and foreign organisations are studying Greenland glaciers in connection with the ‘greenhouse effect’ (Braithwaite et al. 1992).

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9

Quiquet, A., C. Ritz, H. J. Punge, and D. Salas y Mélia. "Greenland ice sheet contribution to sea level rise during the last interglacial period: a modelling study driven and constrained by ice core data." Climate of the Past 9, no. 1 (2013): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-353-2013.

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Abstract. As pointed out by the forth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC-AR4 (Meehl et al., 2007), the contribution of the two major ice sheets, Antarctica and Greenland, to global sea level rise, is a subject of key importance for the scientific community. By the end of the next century, a 3–5 °C warming is expected in Greenland. Similar temperatures in this region were reached during the last interglacial (LIG) period, 130–115 ka BP, due to a change in orbital configuration rather than to an anthropogenic forcing. Ice core evidence suggests that the Gree

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10

Slater, Donald A., Denis Felikson, Fiamma Straneo, et al. "Twenty-first century ocean forcing of the Greenland ice sheet for modelling of sea level contribution." Cryosphere 14, no. 3 (2020): 985–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-985-2020.

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Abstract. Changes in ocean temperature and salinity are expected to be an important determinant of the Greenland ice sheet's future sea level contribution. Yet, simulating the impact of these changes in continental-scale ice sheet models remains challenging due to the small scale of key physics, such as fjord circulation and plume dynamics, and poor understanding of critical processes, such as calving and submarine melting. Here we present the ocean forcing strategy for Greenland ice sheet models taking part in the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6), the primary communi

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11

Scambos, Ted, Fiamma Straneo, and Marco Tedesco. "How fast is the Greenland ice sheet melting?" Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 53, no. 1 (2021): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2021.1946241.

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12

Witze, Alexandra. "Algae are melting away the Greenland ice sheet." Nature 535, no. 7612 (2016): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature.2016.20265.

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13

Steen-Larsen, H. C., and D. Dahl-Jensen. "Modelling binge–purge oscillations of the Laurentide ice sheet using a plastic ice sheet." Annals of Glaciology 48 (2008): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756408784700635.

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AbstractA simple combined heat and ice-sheet model has been used to calculate temperatures at the base of the Laurentide ice sheet. We let the ice sheet surge when the basal temperature reaches the pressure-melting temperature. Driving the system with the observed accumulation and temperature records from the GRIP ice core, Greenland, produces surges corresponding to the observed Heinrich events. This suggests that the mechanism of basal sliding, initiated when the basal temperature reaches the melting point, can explain the surges of the Laurentide ice sheet. This study highlights the importa

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14

Davis, Curt H., and H. Jay Zwally. "Geographic and seasonal variations in the surface properties of the ice sheets by satellite-radar altimetry." Journal of Glaciology 39, no. 133 (1993): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000016580.

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AbstractGeosat-altimeter wave forms from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are analyzed using an algorithm based upon a combined surface-and volume-scattering model. The results demonstrate that sub-surface volume-scattering occurs over major parts of the ice sheets. Quantitative estimates of geographic variations in the near-surface ice-sheet properties are derived by retrackingindividualaltimeter wave forms. The derived surface properties correlate with elevation, latitude and microwave brightness-temperature data. Specifically, the extinction coefficient of snow obtained by this method

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15

Davis, Curt H., and H. Jay Zwally. "Geographic and seasonal variations in the surface properties of the ice sheets by satellite-radar altimetry." Journal of Glaciology 39, no. 133 (1993): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000016580.

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AbstractGeosat-altimeter wave forms from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are analyzed using an algorithm based upon a combined surface-and volume-scattering model. The results demonstrate that sub-surface volume-scattering occurs over major parts of the ice sheets. Quantitative estimates of geographic variations in the near-surface ice-sheet properties are derived by retracking individual altimeter wave forms. The derived surface properties correlate with elevation, latitude and microwave brightness-temperature data. Specifically, the extinction coefficient of snow obtained by this meth

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16

Quiquet, A., C. Ritz, H. J. Punge, and D. Salas y Mélia. "Contribution of Greenland ice sheet melting to sea level rise during the last interglacial period: an approach combining ice sheet modelling and proxy data." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 4 (2012): 3345–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-3345-2012.

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Abstract. In the context of global warming, the contribution of the two major ice sheets, Antarctica and Greenland, to global sea level rise is a subject of key importance for the scientific community (4th assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change, IPCC-AR4, Meehl et al., 2007). By the end of the next century, a 3–5 °C warm up is expected in Greenland. Similar temperatures in this region were reached during the last interglacial (LIG) period due to a change in orbital configuration rather than to anthropogenic forcing. Ice core evidence suggests that the Greenland Ice

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17

Coulson, Sophie, Sönke Dangendorf, Jerry X. Mitrovica, Mark E. Tamisiea, Linda Pan, and David T. Sandwell. "A detection of the sea level fingerprint of Greenland Ice Sheet melt." Science 377, no. 6614 (2022): 1550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abo0926.

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Rapid melting of ice sheets and glaciers drives a unique geometry, or fingerprint, of sea level change. However, the detection of individual fingerprints has been challenging because of sparse observations at high latitudes and the difficulty of disentangling ocean dynamic variability from the signal. We predict the fingerprint of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) melt using recent ice mass loss estimates from radar altimetry data and model reconstructions of nearby glaciers and compare this prediction to an independent, altimetry-derived sea surface height trend corrected for ocean dynamic variabili

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18

Berkelhammer, Max, David C. Noone, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, et al. "Surface-atmosphere decoupling limits accumulation at Summit, Greenland." Science Advances 2, no. 4 (2016): e1501704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501704.

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Despite rapid melting in the coastal regions of the Greenland Ice Sheet, a significant area (~40%) of the ice sheet rarely experiences surface melting. In these regions, the controls on annual accumulation are poorly constrained owing to surface conditions (for example, surface clouds, blowing snow, and surface inversions), which render moisture flux estimates from myriad approaches (that is, eddy covariance, remote sensing, and direct observations) highly uncertain. Accumulation is partially determined by the temperature dependence of saturation vapor pressure, which influences the maximum hu

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19

Born, A., and K. H. Nisancioglu. "Melting of Northern Greenland during the last interglaciation." Cryosphere 6, no. 6 (2012): 1239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-1239-2012.

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Abstract. Using simulated climate data from the comprehensive coupled climate model IPSL CM4, we simulate the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) during the Eemian interglaciation with the three-dimensional ice sheet model SICOPOLIS. The Eemian is a period 126 000 yr before present (126 ka) with Arctic temperatures comparable to projections for the end of this century. In our simulation, the northeastern part of the GrIS is unstable and retreats significantly, despite moderate melt rates. This result is found to be robust to perturbations within a wide parameter space of key parameters of the ice sheet

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20

Defrance, Dimitri, Gilles Ramstein, Sylvie Charbit, et al. "Consequences of rapid ice sheet melting on the Sahelian population vulnerability." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 25 (2017): 6533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619358114.

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The acceleration of ice sheet melting has been observed over the last few decades. Recent observations and modeling studies have suggested that the ice sheet contribution to future sea level rise could have been underestimated in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report. The ensuing freshwater discharge coming from ice sheets could have significant impacts on global climate, and especially on the vulnerable tropical areas. During the last glacial/deglacial period, megadrought episodes were observed in the Sahel region at the time of massive iceberg surges, leading to large f

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21

Rezvanbehbahani, Soroush, Leigh A. Stearns, C. J. van der Veen, Gordon K. A. Oswald, and Ralf Greve. "Constraining the geothermal heat flux in Greenland at regions of radar-detected basal water." Journal of Glaciology 65, no. 254 (2019): 1023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.79.

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AbstractThe spatial distribution of basal water critically impacts the evolution of ice sheets. Current estimates of basal water distribution beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) contain large uncertainties due to poorly constrained boundary conditions, primarily from geothermal heat flux (GHF). The existing GHF models often contradict each other and implementing them in numerical ice-sheet models cannot reproduce the measured temperatures at ice core locations. Here we utilize two datasets of radar-detected basal water in Greenland to constrain the GHF at regions with a thawed bed. Using th

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Vandecrux, Baptiste, Robert S. Fausto, Jason E. Box, et al. "Recent warming trends of the Greenland ice sheet documented by historical firn and ice temperature observations and machine learning." Cryosphere 18, no. 2 (2024): 609–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-609-2024.

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Abstract. Surface melt on the Greenland ice sheet has been increasing in intensity and extent over the last decades due to Arctic atmospheric warming. Surface melt depends on the surface energy balance, which includes the atmospheric forcing but also the thermal budget of the snow, firn and ice near the ice sheet surface. The temperature of the ice sheet subsurface has been used as an indicator of the thermal state of the ice sheet's surface. Here, we present a compilation of 4612 measurements of firn and ice temperature at 10 m below the surface (T10 m) across the ice sheet, spanning from 191

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Bindschadler, Robert A., Sophie Nowicki, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, et al. "Ice-sheet model sensitivities to environmental forcing and their use in projecting future sea level (the SeaRISE project)." Journal of Glaciology 59, no. 214 (2013): 195–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2013jog12j125.

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AbstractTen ice-sheet models are used to study sensitivity of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to prescribed changes of surface mass balance, sub-ice-shelf melting and basal sliding. Results exhibit a large range in projected contributions to sea-level change. In most cases, the ice volume above flotation lost is linearly dependent on the strength of the forcing. Combinations of forcings can be closely approximated by linearly summing the contributions from single forcing experiments, suggesting that nonlinear feedbacks are modest. Our models indicate that Greenland is more sensitive tha

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Lipscomb, William H., Stephen F. Price, Matthew J. Hoffman, et al. "Description and evaluation of the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM) v2.1." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 1 (2019): 387–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-387-2019.

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Abstract. We describe and evaluate version 2.1 of the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM). CISM is a parallel, 3-D thermomechanical model, written mainly in Fortran, that solves equations for the momentum balance and the thickness and temperature evolution of ice sheets. CISM's velocity solver incorporates a hierarchy of Stokes flow approximations, including shallow-shelf, depth-integrated higher order, and 3-D higher order. CISM also includes a suite of test cases, links to third-party solver libraries, and parameterizations of physical processes such as basal sliding, iceberg calving, and sub-i

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Tretkoff, Ernie. "Research Spotlight: Antarctic and Greenland ice sheet melting accelerating." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 92, no. 16 (2011): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011eo160009.

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Chu, V. W., L. C. Smith, A. K. Rennermalm, R. R. Forster, and J. E. Box. "Hydrologic controls on coastal suspended sediment plumes around the Greenland ice sheet." Cryosphere Discussions 5, no. 5 (2011): 2365–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-5-2365-2011.

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Abstract. Rising sea levels and increased surface melting of the Greenland ice sheet have heightened the need for direct observations of meltwater release from the ice edge to ocean. Buoyant sediment plumes that develop in fjords downstream of outlet glaciers are controlled by numerous factors, including meltwater runoff. Here, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery is used to average surface suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in fjords around ~80% of Greenland from 2000–2009. Spatial and temporal patterns in SSC are compared with positive-degree-days (PDD)

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Chu, V. W., L. C. Smith, A. K. Rennermalm, R. R. Forster, and J. E. Box. "Hydrologic controls on coastal suspended sediment plumes around the Greenland Ice Sheet." Cryosphere 6, no. 1 (2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-1-2012.

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Abstract. Rising sea levels and increased surface melting of the Greenland ice sheet have heightened the need for direct observations of meltwater release from the ice edge to ocean. Buoyant sediment plumes that develop in fjords downstream of outlet glaciers are controlled by numerous factors, including meltwater runoff. Here, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery is used to average surface suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in fjords around ∼80% of Greenland from 2000–2009. Spatial and temporal patterns in SSC are compared with positive-degree-days (PDD)

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Born, Andreas, and Alexander Robinson. "Modeling the Greenland englacial stratigraphy." Cryosphere 15, no. 9 (2021): 4539–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4539-2021.

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Abstract. Radar reflections from the interior of the Greenland ice sheet contain a comprehensive archive of past accumulation rates, ice dynamics, and basal melting. Combining these data with dynamic ice sheet models may greatly aid model calibration, improve past and future sea level estimates, and enable insights into past ice sheet dynamics that neither models nor data could achieve alone. Unfortunately, simulating the continental-scale ice sheet stratigraphy represents a major challenge for current ice sheet models. In this study, we present the first three-dimensional ice sheet model that

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Chemison, Alizée, Dimitri Defrance, Gilles Ramstein, and Cyril Caminade. "Impact of an acceleration of ice sheet melting on monsoon systems." Earth System Dynamics 13, no. 3 (2022): 1259–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1259-2022.

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Abstract. The study of past climates has demonstrated the occurrence of Heinrich events during which major ice discharges occurred at the polar ice sheet, leading to significant additional sea level rise. Heinrich events strongly influenced the oceanic circulation and global climate. However, standard climate change scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways or RCPs) do not consider such potential rapid ice sheet collapse; RCPs only consider the dynamic evolution of greenhouse gas emissions. We carried out water-hosing simulations using the Institute Pierre Simon Laplace global Climate M

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Babonis, G. S., B. Csatho, and T. Schenk. "MASS BALANCE CHANGES AND ICE DYNAMICS OF GREENLAND AND ANTARCTIC ICE SHEETS FROM LASER ALTIMETRY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-481-2016.

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During the past few decades the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have lost ice at accelerating rates, caused by increasing surface temperature. The melting of the two big ice sheets has a big impact on global sea level rise. If the ice sheets would melt down entirely, the sea level would rise more than 60&thinsp;m. Even a much smaller rise would cause dramatic damage along coastal regions. In this paper we report about a major upgrade of surface elevation changes derived from laser altimetry data, acquired by NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite mission (ICESat) and airborne la

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Babonis, G. S., B. Csatho, and T. Schenk. "MASS BALANCE CHANGES AND ICE DYNAMICS OF GREENLAND AND ANTARCTIC ICE SHEETS FROM LASER ALTIMETRY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-481-2016.

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During the past few decades the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have lost ice at accelerating rates, caused by increasing surface temperature. The melting of the two big ice sheets has a big impact on global sea level rise. If the ice sheets would melt down entirely, the sea level would rise more than 60&thinsp;m. Even a much smaller rise would cause dramatic damage along coastal regions. In this paper we report about a major upgrade of surface elevation changes derived from laser altimetry data, acquired by NASA’s Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite mission (ICESat) and airborne la

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Mu, Yaqiong, Yanqiang Wei, Jinkui Wu, Yongjian Ding, Donghui Shangguan, and Di Zeng. "Variations of Mass Balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 2002 to 2019." Remote Sensing 12, no. 16 (2020): 2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162609.

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The melting of the polar ice caps is considered to be an essential factor for global sea-level rise and has received significant attention. Quantitative research on ice cap mass changes is critical in global climate change. In this study, GRACE JPL RL06 data under the Mascon scheme based on the dynamic method were used. Greenland, which is highly sensitive to climate change, was selected as the study area. Greenland was divided into six sub-research regions, according to its watersheds. The spatial–temporal mass changes were compared to corresponding temperature and precipitation statistics to

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Zeitz, Maria, Jan M. Haacker, Jonathan F. Donges, Torsten Albrecht, and Ricarda Winkelmann. "Dynamic regimes of the Greenland Ice Sheet emerging from interacting melt–elevation and glacial isostatic adjustment feedbacks." Earth System Dynamics 13, no. 3 (2022): 1077–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1077-2022.

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Abstract. The stability of the Greenland Ice Sheet under global warming is governed by a number of dynamic processes and interacting feedback mechanisms in the ice sheet, atmosphere and solid Earth. Here we study the long-term effects due to the interplay of the competing melt–elevation and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) feedbacks for different temperature step forcing experiments with a coupled ice-sheet and solid-Earth model. Our model results show that for warming levels above 2 ∘C, Greenland could become essentially ice-free within several millennia, mainly as a result of surface melti

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Rennermalm, A. K., L. C. Smith, V. W. Chu, et al. "Evidence of meltwater retention within the Greenland ice sheet." Cryosphere 7, no. 5 (2013): 1433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1433-2013.

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Abstract. Greenland ice sheet mass losses have increased in recent decades with more than half of these attributed to surface meltwater runoff. However, the magnitudes of englacial storage, firn retention, internal refreezing and other hydrologic processes that delay or reduce true water export to the global ocean remain less understood, partly due to a scarcity of in situ measurements. Here, ice sheet surface meltwater runoff and proglacial river discharge between 2008 and 2010 near Kangerlussuaq, southwestern Greenland were used to establish sub- and englacial meltwater storage for a small i

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Marsh, R., D. Desbruyères, J. L. Bamber, B. A. de Cuevas, A. C. Coward, and Y. Aksenov. "Short-term impacts of enhanced Greenland freshwater fluxes in an eddy-permitting ocean model." Ocean Science 6, no. 3 (2010): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-6-749-2010.

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Abstract. In a sensitivity experiment, an eddy-permitting ocean general circulation model is forced with realistic freshwater fluxes from the Greenland Ice Sheet, averaged for the period 1991–2000. The fluxes are obtained with a mass balance model for the ice sheet, forced with the ERA-40 reanalysis dataset. The freshwater flux is distributed around Greenland as an additional term in prescribed runoff, representing seasonal melting of the ice sheet and a fixed year-round iceberg calving flux, for 8.5 model years. By adding Greenland freshwater fluxes with realistic geographical distribution an

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Barbi, D., G. Lohmann, K. Grosfeld, and M. Thoma. "Ice sheet dynamics within an Earth system model: coupling and first results on ice stability and ocean circulation." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 1 (2013): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-1-2013.

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Abstract. We present first results from a coupled model setup, consisting of a state-of-the-art ice sheet model (RIMBAY), and the community earth system model COSMOS. We show that special care has to be provided in order to ensure physical distributions of the forcings, as well as numeric stability of the involved models. We demonstrate that a statistical downscaling is crucial for ice sheet stability, especially for southern Greenland where surface temperature are close to the melting point. The simulated ice sheets are stable when forced with pre-industrial greenhouse gas parameters, with li

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Pain, Andrea J., Jonathan B. Martin, Ellen E. Martin, Åsa K. Rennermalm, and Shaily Rahman. "Heterogeneous CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> content of glacial meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet and implications for subglacial carbon processes." Cryosphere 15, no. 3 (2021): 1627–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1627-2021.

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Abstract. Accelerated melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet has increased freshwater delivery to the Arctic Ocean and amplified the need to understand the impact of Greenland Ice Sheet meltwater on Arctic greenhouse gas budgets. We evaluate subglacial discharge from the Greenland Ice Sheet for carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations and δ13C values and use geochemical models to evaluate subglacial CH4 and CO2 sources and sinks. We compare discharge from southwest (a sub-catchment of the Isunnguata Glacier, sub-Isunnguata, and the Russell Glacier) and southern Greenland (Kiattut Serm

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Knight, Peter G., David E. Sugden, and Christopher D. Minty. "Ice flow around large obstacles as indicated by basal ice exposed at the margin of the Greenland ice sheet." Journal of Glaciology 40, no. 135 (1994): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000007449.

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AbstractSpatial variations in the debris-bearing basal ice layer exposed at the ice-sheet margin in West Greenland reflect the geography of basal melting and ice flow around large obstacles close to the margin. This paper demonstrates the character of the basal ice layer, which comprises fine material incorporated in an interior, subglacial environment and coarser material entrained in an ice-marginal environment. We develop an empirical model of ice flow close to a lobate margin of the ice sheet in which ice convergence and divergence, and limited subglacial melting affect the character and d

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Knight, Peter G., David E. Sugden, and Christopher D. Minty. "Ice flow around large obstacles as indicated by basal ice exposed at the margin of the Greenland ice sheet." Journal of Glaciology 40, no. 135 (1994): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000007449.

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AbstractSpatial variations in the debris-bearing basal ice layer exposed at the ice-sheet margin in West Greenland reflect the geography of basal melting and ice flow around large obstacles close to the margin. This paper demonstrates the character of the basal ice layer, which comprises fine material incorporated in an interior, subglacial environment and coarser material entrained in an ice-marginal environment. We develop an empirical model of ice flow close to a lobate margin of the ice sheet in which ice convergence and divergence, and limited subglacial melting affect the character and d

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Vikrant, Kumar, Eilhann E. Kwon, Ki-Hyun Kim, Christian Sonne, Minsung Kang, and Zang-Ho Shon. "Air Pollution and Its Association with the Greenland Ice Sheet Melt." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010065.

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The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has been a topic of extensive scientific research over the past several decades due to the exponential increase in its melting. The relationship between air pollution and GrIS melting was reviewed based on local emission of air pollutants, atmospheric circulation, natural and anthropogenic forcing, and ground/satellite-based measurements. Among multiple factors responsible for accelerated ice melting, greenhouse gases have long been thought to be the main reason. However, it is suggested that air pollution is another piece of the puzzle for this phenomenon. In pa

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Seroussi, Hélène, Sophie Nowicki, Erika Simon, et al. "initMIP-Antarctica: an ice sheet model initialization experiment of ISMIP6." Cryosphere 13, no. 5 (2019): 1441–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-1441-2019.

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Abstract. Ice sheet numerical modeling is an important tool to estimate the dynamic contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to sea level rise over the coming centuries. The influence of initial conditions on ice sheet model simulations, however, is still unclear. To better understand this influence, an initial state intercomparison exercise (initMIP) has been developed to compare, evaluate, and improve initialization procedures and estimate their impact on century-scale simulations. initMIP is the first set of experiments of the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6), which

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MacGregor, Joseph A., Mark A. Fahnestock, William T. Colgan, Nicolaj K. Larsen, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, and Jeffrey M. Welker. "The age of surface-exposed ice along the northern margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet." Journal of Glaciology 66, no. 258 (2020): 667–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.62.

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AbstractEach summer, surface melting of the margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet exposes a distinctive visible stratigraphy that is related to past variability in subaerial dust deposition across the accumulation zone and subsequent ice flow toward the margin. Here we map this surface stratigraphy along the northern margin of the ice sheet using mosaicked Sentinel-2 multispectral satellite imagery from the end of the 2019 melt season and finer-resolution WorldView-2/3 imagery for smaller regions of interest. We trace three distinct transitions in apparent dust concentration and the top of a darke

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Zhou, Yuxin, and Jerry F. McManus. "Heinrich event ice discharge and the fate of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation." Science 384, no. 6699 (2024): 983–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adh8369.

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During Heinrich events, great armadas of icebergs episodically flooded the North Atlantic Ocean and weakened overturning circulation. The ice discharges of these episodes constrain the sensitivity of overturning circulation to iceberg melting. We reconstructed these ice discharges to be as high as 0.13 sverdrup (Sv) (1 Sv = 1 million cubic meters per second) during Heinrich event 4 and to average 0.029 Sv over all episodes. The present-day Greenland Ice Sheet calving of icebergs is comparable to that of a mid-range Heinrich event. As the future Greenland Ice Sheet recedes from marine-terminati

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PONGSIRI, NITINUN, RHYSA MCNEIL, RATTIKAN SAELIM, BENJAMIN ATTA OWUSU, and SOMPORN CHUAI-AREE. "Spatial and temporal patterns of land surface temperature in Greenland from 2000-2019." MAUSAM 75, no. 2 (2024): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v75i2.6099.

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Temperature dynamics on the island of Greenland are an important factor in shaping ecological events. Investigating the land surface temperature (LST) patterns is critical for understanding ecological dynamics across different regions. Further melting of the Greenland ice sheet could deva state marine and terrestrial ecosystems. This study used data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellites to understand the seasonal patterns and patterns of LST over the entire island. Focusing on the period between 2000 and 2019, this study used a natural cubic spline model to identify sea

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Punge, H. J., H. Gallée, M. Kageyama, and G. Krinner. "Modelling snow accumulation on Greenland in Eemian, glacial inception, and modern climates in a GCM." Climate of the Past 8, no. 6 (2012): 1801–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1801-2012.

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Abstract. Changing climate conditions on Greenland influence the snow accumulation rate and surface mass balance (SMB) on the ice sheet and, ultimately, its shape. This can in turn affect local climate via orography and albedo variations and, potentially, remote areas via changes in ocean circulation triggered by melt water or calving from the ice sheet. Examining these interactions in the IPSL global model requires improving the representation of snow at the ice sheet surface. In this paper, we present a new snow scheme implemented in LMDZ, the atmospheric component of the IPSL coupled model.

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Buras, Allan, Jiří Lehejček, Zuzana Michalová, Robert C. Morrissey, Miroslav Svoboda, and Martin Wilmking. "Shrubs shed light on 20th century Greenland Ice Sheet melting." Boreas 46, no. 4 (2017): 667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bor.12244.

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Chen, J. L. "Satellite Gravity Measurements Confirm Accelerated Melting of Greenland Ice Sheet." Science 313, no. 5795 (2006): 1958–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1129007.

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Box, Jason E., and William Colgan. "Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance Reconstruction. Part III: Marine Ice Loss and Total Mass Balance (1840–2010)." Journal of Climate 26, no. 18 (2013): 6990–7002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00546.1.

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Abstract Greenland ice sheet mass loss to the marine environment occurs by some combination of iceberg calving and underwater melting (referred to here as marine ice loss, LM). This study quantifies the relation between LM and meltwater runoff (R) at the ice sheet scale. A theoretical basis is presented explaining how variability in R can be expected to govern much of the LM variability over annual to decadal time scales. It is found that R enhances LM through three processes: 1) increased glacier discharge by ice warming–softening and basal lubrication–sliding; 2) increased calving susceptibi

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Fang, Zhenxiang, Ninglian Wang, Yuwei Wu, and Yujie Zhang. "Greenland-Ice-Sheet Surface Temperature and Melt Extent from 2000 to 2020 and Implications for Mass Balance." Remote Sensing 15, no. 4 (2023): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041149.

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Accurate monitoring of surface temperature and melting on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is important for tracking the ice sheet’s mass balance as well as global and Arctic climate change. Using a moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived land-surface-temperature (LST) data product with a resolution of 1 km from 2000 to 2020, the temporal and spatial variations of annual and seasonal ‘clear-sky’ surface temperature were evaluated. We also monitored summer surface melting and studied the relationship between the mass balance of the ice sheet and changes in surface temperatur

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Ren, Diandong, and Lance M. Leslie. "Three positive feedback mechanisms for ice-sheet melting in a warming climate." Journal of Glaciology 57, no. 206 (2011): 1057–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214311798843250.

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AbstractThree positive feedback mechanisms that accelerate ice-sheet melting are assessed in a warming climate, using a numerical ice model driven by atmospheric climate models. The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is the modeling test-bed under accelerated melting conditions. The first feedback is the interaction of sea water with ice. It is positive because fresh water melts ice faster than salty water, owing primarily to the reduction in water heat capacity by solutes. It is shown to be limited for the GrIS, which has only a small ocean interface, and the grounding line of some fast glaciers beco

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