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1
Rakha, Hesham, and Brent Crowther. "Comparison of Greenshields, Pipes, and Van Aerde Car-Following and Traffic Stream Models." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1802, no. 1 (January 2002): 248–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1802-28.
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Three car-following models were compared: the Greenshields single-regime model, the Pipes two-regime model, and a four-parameter single-regime model that amalgamates both the Greenshields and Pipes models. The four-parameter model proposed by Van Aerde and Rakha is less known but is currently implemented in the INTEGRATION 2.30 software. The Greenshields and Pipes models were considered because they represent state-of-the-practice models for several types of microscopic and macroscopic software. The Greenshields model is widely used in macroscopic transportation planning models. In addition, the Pipes model is implemented in a number of microscopic traffic simulation models including CORSIM and VISSIM. Steady-state car-following behavior is also related to macroscopic traffic stream models to develop calibration procedures that can be achieved using macroscopic loop detector data. The study concluded that the additional degree of freedom that results from including a fourth parameter (Van Aerde model) overcomes the shortcomings of the current state-of-the-practice traffic stream models by capturing both macroscopic and microscopic steady-state traffic behavior for a wide range of roadway facilities and traffic conditions. Also developed was a procedure for calibrating the Pipes car-following model using macroscopic field measurements that can be obtained from loop detectors. Although this calibration procedure does not overcome the inherent shortcomings of the Pipes model, it does provide an opportunity to calibrate the CORSIM and VISSIM car-following behavior to existing roadway conditions more efficiently and without the need to collect microscopic traffic data.
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Huang, Jingru, Yan Wang, and Mei Han. "Fast L2 Calibration for Inexact Highway Traffic Flow Systems." Electronics 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 3710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223710.
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Transportation systems need more accurate predictions to further optimize traffic network design with the development and application of autonomous driving technology. In this article, we focus on highway traffic flow systems that are often simulated by the modified Greenshields model. However, this model can not perfectly match the true traffic flow due to its underlying simplifications and assumptions, implying that it is inexact. Specifically, some parameters affect the simulation accuracy of the modified Greenshields model, while tuning these parameters to improve the model’s accuracy is called model calibration. The parameters obtained using the L2 calibration have the advantages of high accuracy and small variance for an inexact model. However, the method is calculation intensive, requiring optimization of the integral loss function. Since traffic flow data are often massive, this paper proposes a fast L2 calibration framework to calibrate the modified Greenshields model. Specifically, the suggested method selects a sub-design containing more information on the calibration parameters, and then the empirical loss function obtained from the optimal sub-design is utilized to approximate the integral loss function. A case study highlights that the proposed method preserves the advantages of L2 calibration and significantly reduces the running time.
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Lucky Tulus Pribadi. "Studi Hubungan Volume, Kecepatan dan Kerapatan pada Ruas Jalan Gatot Subroto Kota Cimahi." Jurnal Teknik: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik 3, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26874/jt.vol3no1.235.
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Arus lalu lintas merupakan interaksi yang unik antara pengemudi, kendaraan, dan jalan. Tidak ada arus lalu lintas yang sama bahkan pada keadaan yang serupa. Sehingga arus pada suatu ruas jalan tertentu selalu bervariasi. Walaupun demikian diperlukan parameter yang dapat menunjukkan kondisi ruas jalan, atau yang akan dipakai untuk desain. Parameter tersebut antara lain adalah volume, kecepatan dan kerapatan.
Hubungan antara volume, kecepatan dan kerapatan sering digunakan sebagai dasar dalam pengelolaan arus lalu lintas pada suatu jalan raya. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan suatu studi mengenai ketiga parameter ini sehingga hasil studi dapat memberikan gambaran yang saling terkait antara ketiga parameter tersebut. Hasil analisis dari studi berupa model matematis yang dikembangkan berdasarkan hubungan dasar volume sama dengan kecepatan kali kerapatan atau dalam bentuk persamaan V = D.Us.
Terdapat banyak model dalam menyatakan hubungan antara volume, kecepatan dan kerapatan. Tiga diantaranya adalah model Greenshields, Greenberg dan Underwood. Greenshields mendasarkan modelnya pada asumsi hubungan kecepatan dan kerapatan merupakan hubungan linier. Greenberg beranggapan arus lalu lintas dapat dianalogikan sebagai arus fluida. Hubungan kecepatan dan kerapatan pada model Greenberg dengan demikian merupakan hubungan logaritmik. Pada model Underwood, model yang disusun berdasarkan teorinya dari hasil penelitian kecepatan dan kerapatan dimana kedua parameter ini memiliki hubungan eksponential.
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Mukhlis, Mukhlis. "HUBUNGAN KECEPATAN, KEPADATAN DAN VOLUME LALU LINTAS DENGAN MODEL GREENSHIELDS (STUDI KASUS JALAN DARUSSALAM LHOKSEUMAWE)." TERAS JURNAL 3, no. 2 (November 6, 2017): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/tj.v3i2.40.
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<p>Jenis kendaraan lalu lintas yang melintasi Jalan Darussalam Kota Lhokseumawe terdiri dari mobil penumpang, mobil barang, becak dan sepeda motor. Banyaknya kendaraan yang melewati jalan tersebut sangat dipengaruhi oleh banyaknya fasilitas-fasilitas umum yang digunakan oleh masyarakat, seperti pertokoan, mini market, sekolah, pertamina, perkantoran, dan lain-lain. Dalam merepresentasikan hubungan matematis kecepatan, kepadatan dan volume lalu lintas pada Jalan Darussalam Kota Lhokseumawe digunakan model Greenshields. Pengamatan untuk penelitian dilakukan pada haris Senin, Jum'at dan Minggu mulai pukul 07.00 WIB sampai dengan pukul 19.00 WIB. Bentuk matematis hubungan antara Kecepatan dan Kepadatan untuk hari Senin adalah S - D = 42,37 - 0,9611 D, sedangkan untuk hari Jum'at adalah S - D = 22,915 + 0,8513 D dan untuk hari Minggu adalah S - D = 45,5254 - 0,9922 D. Bentuk matematis hubungan antara Volume dan Kepadatan untuk hari Senin adalah V - D = 42,37 D - 0,9611 D², sedangkan pada hari Jum'at adalah V - D = 22,915 D - 0,8513 D², dan untuk hari Minggu adalah V - D = 45,5254 D - 0,9922 D². Bentuk matematis hubungan antara Volume dan Kecepatan untuk hari Senin adalah V - S = 44,0849 S - 0,9611 S², sedangkan untuk hari Jum'at adalah V - S = -26,9177 S + 1,1747S², dan untuk hari Minggu adalah V - S = 45,8821 S - 1,0078 S².</p><p><br /><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> Kecepatan, kepadatan, Volume Lalu lintas, Model Greenshields</p>
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Juanda, Ari, Muhammad Isya, and Noer Fadhly. "Hubungan Volume, Kecepatan Dan Kepadatan Dengan Model Greenshields, Greenberg, Dan Underwood Pada Ruas Jalan Luar Kota Kawasan Gunung Geurutee." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 2, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v2i4.14945.
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In Indonesia, Karl-L Bang research in 1994 on the relationship between traffic parameters was included in the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual 1997. The research has undergone many changes between 1994 and 2018 in the growth of traffic that may affect traffic flow and volume, speed and density all urban roads, roads outside the city in an area, In Aceh studies have also been conducted into the relationship between traffic parameters on different roads. On this basis, it is very necessary to know the characteristics of traffic flows that occur on the Banda Aceh - Meulaboh section 65 + 450 is located in Aceh Jaya Regency, in the province of Aceh. Given that this road is located in an extremely mountainous area, where there are many very steep curves and ravines and rocks on the cliff side of the road. Analysis using models Greenshields, Greenberg, and Underwood. The results of the study show that the Greenshields model is the most satisfying compared to the Greenberg model and the Underwood model with a coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.88. The model is in accordance with the traffic conditions on the Outer City Road. Then the traffic flow obtained can not reach optimum conditions, namely in a stable traffic flow condition. The relationship between speed and density (S-D) with the model equation is S = 36,525 - 0,815 D; The volume-density (V-D) relationship with the model equation is V = 36,525 D - 0,815 D2; The relationship of volume - speed (V-S) with the model equation is V = 44,835 S - 1,228 S2
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Efendi, Jauhari, and Rosehan Anwar. "THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF TRAFFIC FLOW USING MKJI METHOD, GREENSHIELDS MODEL, GREENBERG, AND UNDERWOOD ON THE WAY THE BASIS OF ULIN BANJARBARU KM.23 BANJARBARU (STA 23+450 - STA 23+650)." CERUCUK 3, no. 1 (September 19, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/crc.v3i1.1104.
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Traffic flow is one of the components that cannot be integral part with other components such as social activity, economic, cultural, population and land use patterns. Along with the growth of traffic flow increased rapidly, then there would be the density of traffic flow. This is because the density of the capacity of the motor vehicle on the street are very much, this can lead to delays.Three model approach through traffic Greenshields model, Greenberg, Underwood Manual and the capacity of the way Indonesia (MKJI) 1997 provide guidance to get the level of service of the road from a roads.The model equation for the flow of Banjarmasin to Banjarbaru namely model greenberg with equation y = -39,9ln(x)+179,7 and value of R of 0,7312 with maximum volume 1326,38 smp/hour, while for the current Banjarbaru to Banjarmasin obtained similarities with Greenberg Model, y = -14,32ln(x) + 102,23 and value of R of 6638,38 obtained when the volume of the maximum of 460 smp/hour.Based on the prediction that done, obtained the result that in the year 4 and year 5 the level of services in the way of Ahmad Yani Km.32 Banjarbaru located on the category of class E and F. So the need to be done so that the level of services can be increased and become better.Key Words: Greenshields, Greenberg, Underwood, MKJI, prediction.
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Shlayan, Neveen, Kiran Challapali, Dave Cavalcanti, Talmai Oliveira, and Yong Yang. "A Novel Illuminance Control Strategy for Roadway Lighting Based on Greenshields Macroscopic Traffic Model." IEEE Photonics Journal 10, no. 1 (February 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2017.2782801.
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Khan, Zawar Hussain, Thomas Aaron Gulliver, and Waheed Imran. "A Macroscopic Traffic Model Based on the Safe Velocity at Transitions." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 1060–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091710.
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The increasing volume of vehicles on the road has had a significant impact on traffic flow. Congestion in urban areas is now a major concern. To mitigate congestion, an accurate model is required which is based on realistic traffic dynamics. A new traffic model is proposed based on the conservation law of vehicles which considers traffic dynamics at transitions. Traffic alignment to forward conditions is affected by the time and distance between vehicles. Thus, the well-known Lighthill, Whitham, and Richards (LWR) model is modified to account for traffic behavior during alignment. A model for inhomogeneous traffic flow during transitions is proposed which can be used to characterize traffic evolution. The performance of the proposed model is compared with the LWR model using the Greenshields and Underwood target velocity distributions. These models are evaluated using the Godunov technique and numerical stability is guaranteed by considering the Courant, Friedrich, and Lewy (CFL) condition. The results obtained show that the proposed model characterizes the flow more realistically, and thus can provide better insight into traffic behavior for use in controlling congestion and pollution levels, and improving public safety. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091710 Full Text: PDF
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Arrang, Abdias Tandi. "HUBUNGAN KECEPATAN, VOLUME DAN KEPADATAN LALULINTAS DI JALAN DR. RATULANGI (DEPAN CITY MARKET PALOPO) MENGGUNAKAN MODEL GREENSHIELDS." Journal Dynamic Saint 4, no. 2 (March 18, 2020): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47178/dynamicsaint.v4i2.882.
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Terbangunnya City Market Palopo sebagai salah satu pusat perbelanjaan di Kota Palopo memberikan dampak pada bertambahnya volume lalulintas di Jalan Dr. Ratulangi, di mana jalan tersebut merupakan salah satu jalan utama yang menjadi penghubung antara Makassar sebagai ibu kota Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan ke daerah seperti Luwu Utara, Luwu Timur bahkan ke Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah, dan Sulawesi Tenggara. Adanya peningkatan volume lalu lintas akan menyebabkan berubahnya perilaku lalu lintas. Secara teoritis terdapat hubungan yang mendasar antara volume (flow) dengan kecepatan (speed) serta kepadatan (density). Penelitian dilakukan dengan survey arus, kecepatan dan mengambil data geometrik pada lokasi penelitian. Data kemudian diolah dan dianalisis dengan metode Greeshields. Dari analisis tersebut diperoleh persamaan hubungan antara volume dan kepadatan adalah Q = 30.766 D – 0.081 D2, sementara persamaan hubungan antara kecepatan dan kepadatan adalah S =3 0.766 – 0.081 D dan persamaan hubungan antara kecepatan dan volume adalah Q = 377.144 – 12.258 S2. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa grafik hubungan antara arus, kecepatan dan kepadatan sesuai dengan model Greenshields
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Wu, Zhipeng. "Study on regional road network planning based on time and noise integrated resistance function." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 7 (February 1, 2023): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0006.
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To rationally reduce traffic noise emission from road network from the perspective of planning, a regional traffic flow distribution method combining time and noise integrated resistance function is proposed, and the method is applied in a typical region to verify its reasonability and practicability. Firstly, according to Greenshields model, the relationship among three traffic parameters (velocity, density and flow) is described, and combined with a line-source emission model of traffic noise, a univariate noise prediction model based on flow is established. Then, with the establishing of the traffic noise resistance function, an integrated resistance model considering traffic noise impact and travel time impact is proposed, which is used for traffic flow distribution while in the road network planning process. Finally, the network planning is realized utilizing the proposed method considering traffic noise. A network planning case in a typical region shows that the method can effectively reduce the noise emission of the regional network, which has practical value in traffic environment control.
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Shi, Rongye, Zhaobin Mo, and Xuan Di. "Physics-Informed Deep Learning for Traffic State Estimation: A Hybrid Paradigm Informed By Second-Order Traffic Models." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 1 (May 18, 2021): 540–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i1.16132.
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Traffic state estimation (TSE) reconstructs the traffic variables (e.g., density or average velocity) on road segments using partially observed data, which is important for traffic managements. Traditional TSE approaches mainly bifurcate into two categories: model-driven and data-driven, and each of them has shortcomings. To mitigate these limitations, hybrid TSE methods, which combine both model-driven and data-driven, are becoming a promising solution. This paper introduces a hybrid framework, physics-informed deep learning (PIDL), to combine second-order traffic flow models and neural networks to solve the TSE problem. PIDL can encode traffic flow models into deep neural networks to regularize the learning process to achieve improved data efficiency and estimation accuracy. We focus on highway TSE with observed data from loop detectors and probe vehicles, using both density and average velocity as the traffic variables. With numerical examples, we show the use of PIDL to solve a popular second-order traffic flow model, i.e., a Greenshields-based Aw-Rascle-Zhang (ARZ) model, and discover the model parameters. We then evaluate the PIDL-based TSE method using the Next Generation SIMulation (NGSIM) dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed PIDL-based approach to outperform advanced baseline methods in terms of data efficiency and estimation accuracy.
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Haryati, Sarah, and Najid Najid. "ANALISIS KAPASITAS DAN KINERJA LALU LINTAS PADA RUAS JALAN JENDERAL SUDIRMAN JAKARTA." JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v0i0.10460.
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Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia is the center of economy, culture, and politics. Jenderal Sudirman street always crowded with passing vehicles, traffic snarls up everyday. The causes of these traffic jam is an increase the number of vehicles and cause a change in traffic behavior. Theoretically there is a fudamental relationship between flow, speed, & density, so the purpose of these research are to analyze and evaluate performance of traffic capacity in various conditions based on Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia 1997 and Greenshields model. Conclusion of the analysis are, after compared with traffic volume, capacity and speed based on MKJI are 3.127,6 pcu/hour and 55,7 km/hour, but the capacity of the model are selected because it’s largest, for sudirman – thamrin it’s 8.272,5 pcu/hour, and for thamrin – sudirman it’s 8.067,9 pcu/hour, While the calculation of free flow for sudirman – thamrin it’s 41.2 km/hour the lowest occurs in evening, and for thamrin – sudirman it’s 43,9 km/hour the lowest occurs in afternoon. The largest capacity it’s used for the next analysis, the next analysis are calculating degree of saturation and level of service, the result shows that the roads are at C and D.ABSTRAKJakarta ibu kota negara Indonesia merupakan pusat ekonomi, budaya, dan politik. Sebuah jalan di Jakarta yaitu Jenderal Sudirman selalu dipadati kendaraan. Lalu lintas di Jalan Jenderal Sudirman setiap hari mengalami kemacetan penyebabnya adalah peningkatan jumlah kendaraan di dalam kota dan menyebabkan perubahan perilaku lalu lintas, secara teoritis terdapat hubungan yang mendasar antara arus, kecepatan, dan kepadatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis, mengevaluasi kinerja dan kapasitas lalu lintas di berbagai macam kondisi, tentu berdasarkan pedoman Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia dan kapasitas model Greenshields. Dari hasil analisis hasil perhitungan kapasitas dan kecepatan arus bebas berdasarkan MKJI sebesar 3.127,6 smp/jam dan 55,7 km/jam setelah dibandingkan dengan volume lalu lintas dipilih kapasitas model yang terbesar yaitu sebesar 8.272,5 smp/jam pada sudirman - thamrin & 8.067,9 smp/jam pada thamrin - sudirman, dan hasil perhitungan kecepatan arus bebas terendah sebesar 41,2 km/jam di sore hari untuk sudirman - thamrin, sebaliknya thamrin - sudirman terendah sebesar 43,9 km/jam di siang hari. Gunakan kapasitas yang terpilih tersebut untuk analisis berikutnya yaitu perhitungan ratio perbandingan arus dan kapasitas (DS) dan tingkat pelayanan yan berada pada tingkat pelayanan huruf C dan D di kedua arahnya.
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Koryagin, Mark, and Vladimir Katargin. "OPTIMIZATION OF AN URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM ON THE CONDITION OF DIFFERENT GOALS OF MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES, OPERATORS AND PASSENGERS." TRANSPORT 31, no. 1 (March 22, 2016): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2016.1125946.
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A control system of urban passenger transport is considered. The system participants are a passenger flow, a transport operator and municipal authorities. The participants’ strategies include a travel mode choice, a frequency of public transport service, and a road capacity. Objective functions are transport costs, public transport profit, road costs, and travel time. The passenger flow heterogeneity is based on the value of time that has an exponential distribution. The total costs of passenger flow depend on the probability of the travel mode choice. The dependence between travel time, roads capacity, and traffic is based on Greenshields model. The authorities’ objective consists of travel time and road costs, which can be changed by the road capacity. The game theoretic approach is applied to describe the control system. The existence of Nash equilibrium for coalition-free games for two (the passenger flow and the authorities and three (with addition of public transport) players is proved. The characteristics of urban passenger transport were studied based on a numerical example.
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Gu, Jian, and Shuyan Chen. "Nonlinear Analysis on Traffic Flow Based on Catastrophe and Chaos Theory." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/535167.
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We applied catastrophe and chaos theory to analyze the traffic nonlinear characteristics of expressway condition. Catastrophe theory was generally used to explore the mathematical relationships among the traffic data collected from highway conditions, which could not be appropriate for the urban expressway conditions. Traffic flow data collected from the 3rd ring road expressway in Beijing was used to build flow-density model and speed-density Greenshields model. Then the density was discussed based on the traffic wave speed function with cusp catastrophe theory; in particular, density conditions on median lanes and shoulder lanes were deeply discussed. Meanwhile the chaotic characteristics were analyzed based on the traffic temporal sequence data collected from 29 detectors located at the 3rd ring road expressway, and C-C method was used to reconstruct the phase space and the largest Lyapunov exponents were estimated by Wolf method and the small data sets method. The results indicated that the traffic operation catastrophe density on the median lanes was a bit higher than that on the shoulder lanes; additionally chaotic characteristics obviously existed in the local corridor composed of 29 detectors in the 3rd ring road expressway traffic flow system.
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Arifanti, Dewi Shafitri, and Iphan Fitrian Radam. "PENGARUH ARUS DIVERGENT PADA U-TURN TERHADAP KINERJA ARUS LALU LINTAS (STUDI KASUS RUAS JL. A. YANI KM. 35 BANJARBARU)." Teknika 17, no. 2 (October 28, 2022): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/teknika.v17i2.5303.
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<p>Arus <em>divergent </em>yang ditimbulkan pada <em>u-turn</em> saat kendaraan melakukan gerakan putar balik dapat mempengaruhi kinerja lalu lintas, terutama pada jam padat. Permasalahan ini juga terjadi pada <em>u-turn</em> ruas Jalan A. Yani Km. 35 Banjarbaru. Oleh karena, itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh yang ditimbulkan oleh arus <em>divergent </em>terhadap kinerja lalu lintas. Penelitian dilakukan pada kondisi yang terpengaruh oleh <em>u-turn</em> dan yang tidak terpengaruh oleh <em>u-turn</em>. Dari hasil analisis, model yang terpilih saat <em>u-turn</em> beroperasi secara normal adalah model <em>Underwood </em>dengan hasil S<sub>m</sub> = 16,707 km/jam dan F<sub>C</sub> = 1392,209 smp/jam. Sedangkan model yang terpilih saat <em>u-turn</em> tidak beroperasi (ditutup) adalah model <em>Greenshields</em> dengan hasil S<sub>m</sub> = 26,383 km/jam dan F<sub>C</sub> = 4576,975 smp/jam. Saat terpengaruh oleh <em>u-turn,</em> nilai S<sub>m </sub>mengalami penurunan sebesar 36,68% dan nilai F<sub>C</sub> mengalami penurunan sebesar 69,58%.</p>
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Yusmadi, Yusmadi, Sugiarto Sugiarto, and Renni Anggraini. "PENGARUH MANUVER KENDARAAN PARKIR DI BADAN JALAN TERHADAP DERAJAT KEJENUHAN PADA JALAN TEUKU UMAR KOTA BANDA ACEH." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 2, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v2i3.13455.
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Teuku Umar Street has very high activities as an access service, but there are also on-street parking facilities. On-street parking facilities cause traffic congestion on teuku umar road area, especially in public service areas such as Seutui Market, Harapan Bunda Hospital, Suzuya Mall and Canai Mamak. This is caused by the influence of vehicle maneuvers when entering and exiting from parking facility location, and this phenomenon often occurs during rush hour and the volume of vehicles is very dense. Based on these problems, a study was conducted to determine the effect of vehicle maneuvers when exiting and entering of parking facility on the traffic of degree of saturation and relation model between volume, speed and density using 3 models i.e. Greenshields, Greenberg and Underwood. Based on the analysis results, the Greenberg Model is the best model with the highest determination of the three variables of speed-density-volume. The model is chosen based on the greatest value of determination approaching one rate. The capacity of Teuku Umar Street Directions Gunongan-Sp.Tiga is 2970 pcu/hour, and after the on-street parking activity, the capacity decreased by 2079 pcu/hour (30%). For the way to Gunongan, the capacity is 2970 pcu/hour, after parking activities the capacity drops 2524 pcu/hour (15%). The value of saturation degree in the segment is no parking facility towards Gunongan to Sp. Tiga is 0.31 and there is parking obtained 0.43. Sp. Tiga-Gunongan street direction has the value of surfeit level on the segment no parking facility at 0.37 and there is parking obtained at 0.44. The alternative improvements to increase capacity is by providing special parking facilities and limiting vehicles in and out, so that the surfeit level will decrease.
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Sholahudin, Farhan, and Abdul Rochim. "THE COMPARISON OF ROAD CAPACITY OF GREENSHIELD MODEL, GREENBERG MODEL AND UNDERWOOD MODEL TOWARD MKJI 1997 CALCULATION ON THE JENDRAL SUDIRMAN ROAD, BATANG." Pondasi 24, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/pondasi.v24i1.4995.
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Jendral Sudirman road is one of the streets in Batang Regency which has function as primary artery and it has main access to connect vital locations. It makes Jendral Sudirman road has several transportation problems. In the planning, design and establishment of various transportation system policies, traffic flow theory of movement has very important role. To facilitate the application of traffic flow theory of movement used a mathematical approach which was used to analyze the phenomenon that took place in the traffic flow. One of approach ways to comprehend the traffic behavior was by verifying it into mathematical and graphics relationships with observing to the relationship among the speed (S), density (D) and volume (V) traffic.The objective of this study was to determine traffic flow characteristics on Jendral Sudirman Road consisting of three (3) main parameters such as volume, speed and density by using mathematical models included Greenshield, Greenberg and Underwood Model. In addition, this study also aimed to determine the results of a comparison of one of the chosen model with the road capacity calculation based on MKJI 1997.Based on the data analysis by using Greenshield model, it was known that the characteristics of the traffic on Jendral Sudirman road values obtained free flow speed (Sf)= 45.53 km/h, density jam (Dj)= 38.31 unit/km and maximum volume or road capacity(Vmax)= 1774.25 unit/hour. The estimation result of model was calculated using Greenshield model and estimation capacity calculations of MKJI 1997 had a difference about 15.49%. This could be evidence that generalize the use of manual book as MKJI 1997 in estimating the value of a certain road location capacity without researching driver behavior, vehicle characteristics and the environment of the road would be at risk in the capacity estimation results obtained. Therefore, the use of existing guidelines such as the 1997 MKJI needs carefulness in assessing the environmental condition of the road and traffic characteristics.Keywords : TrafficCharacteristic, Volume, Speed, Density, Greenshield, Greenberg, Underwood
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Ridha, Mujib, Jachrizal Sumabrata, and Martha Leni Siregar. "Kajian Karakteristik Lalu-Lintas Di Jalan Tol Serta Korelasi Dengan Pola Kecelakaan." Warta Penelitian Perhubungan 26, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/warlit.v26i1.867.
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Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membagi rumusan masalah menjadi 2 bagian yaitu bagaimana karakteristik lalu lintas (arus, kecepatan, dan kepadatan) di jalan Tol Jagorawi arah Bogor dan bagaimana karakteristik lalu lintas di jalan Tol Jagorawi yang menuju Bogor serta korelasi dengan kecelakaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan rumusan masalah yang ditetapkan yaitu untuk menganalisis karakteristik lalu lintas (volume, kecepatan dan kepadatan) di jalan Tol Jagorawi arah Bogor dan mengkaji kecelakaan lalu-lintas di jalan Tol Jagorawi arah Bogor serta korelasi dengan karakteristik lalu-lintas. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian ialah dengan menggunakan metode regresi linear untuk menentukan hubungan antarvariabel lalu lintas melalui model Greenshields untuk pengolahan data primer dan metode tabulasi silang berdasarkan identifikasi kecelakaan untuk pengolahan data sekunder. Adapun untuk data primer didapatkan dengan melakukan perekaman data di area penelitian yang ditentukan dan data sekunder didapatkan dari data Laporan Kepolisian RI (KA Induk PJR Jagorawi). Setelah dilakukan pengolahan data maka didapatkan hasil yang menunjukkan bahwajumlah atau bobot kecelakaan terbesar berada di KM.6+400-KM.14+600 dengan kondisi jumlah arus kendaraan dan kecepatan tempuh yang tergolong rendah (berada kurang dari nilai median) sedangkan kepadatan yang tinggi (berada lebih dari nilai tengah) menghasilkan jumlah kecelakaan terbesar sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada segmen ini kecelakaan terbesar terdapat pada kondisi area penelitian yang cukup padat dengan jenis kecelakaan depan-belakang.Pada segmen/penggal jalan di lokasi KM.3+867-KM.4+700 memiliki jumlah dan bobot kecelakaan paling rendah bahwa jumlah arus dan kepadatan tidak mempengaruhi jumlah kecelakaan karena kecepatan maksimum mencapai 34 km/jam ditambah kepadatan paling tinggi di segmen ini menyebabkan pengemudi kehilangan konsentrasi tinggi dengan jenis kecelakaan depan-belakang dan tunggal yang mendominasi.Dari perhitungan uji korelasi didapatkan nilai korelasi (r11) dan nilai determinasi (KD) masing-masing variabel yaitu korelasi angka kecelakaan dan volume sebesar 0,94, angka kecelakaan dan kecepatan sebesar 0,93, angka kecelakaan dan kepadatan 0,93 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan linier diantara ketiga variabel tersebut. Kata Kunci : karakteristik lalu lintas, jumlah dan bobot kecelakaan, jenis kecelakaan, analisis regressi hubungan dengan modelgreenshield, korelasi kecelakaan dengan karakteristik lalu-lintas.
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Kumalawati, Andi, Yuliana Arfinta Pivinsu, Elsy E. Hangge, and Hidayat Rizal. "Hubungan Elemen Arus lalu lintas dengan Metode Underwood, Greenberg dan Greenshield, di Jalan Timor Raya Kota Kupang." JURNAL FORUM TEKNIK SIPIL (J-ForTekS) 2, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/forteks.v2i2.4694.
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AbstrakJalan Timor Raya merupakan jalan yang sering mengalami masalah lalu lintas, Hal ini disebabkan karena meningkatnya volume kendaraan setiap tahunnya. Dari hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa pada titk pengamatan 1 model hubungan V-S-D adalah model Greenshield dengan R2 = 0,9257, Sd= 0,3822 dengan persamaan Q = 0,0573.D-19,374. Pada titik pengamatan 2 model hubungan V-S-D yang sesuai adalah model Underwood dengan R 2 = 0,9662, Sd = 0,4707 dengan persamaan Q = 15,364 e0,001.D . Pada titik pengamatan 3 model hubungan V-S-D yang sesuai adalah model Greenshield dengan R2 = 0,9732,Sd= 0,4377 dengan persamaan Q = 0,0499.D-9,2086. Pada titk pengamatan 4 model hubungan V-S-D yang sesuai adalah model Underwood dengan R2 = 0,9826, Sd= 0,4354 dengan persamaan Q = 14,861e0,001.D. Nilai tingkat pelayanan jalan pada ke empat titik adalah C. Dimana kondisi arus lalu lintas masih dalam batas stabil.
AbstractTimor Raya road is a often experiences traffic problems. This is due to the increasing volume of vehicles every year. From the result of data analysis, it shows that a the observation poin 1the V-S-D relationship model that is suitable is the Greenshield model with R2 = 0.9257, Sd =0.3822 with the equation Q = 0.0573. D-19,374. At observation point 2, the V-S-D relationship model that is suittable is the Underwood mode with R2 =0,9662, Sd = 0.4707 with the equation Q = 15.364. At observation poin 3 the V-S-D relationship model that is suitable is the Greenshield model with R2 = 0.9732, Sd = 0.4377 with the equation Q = 0.0499.D-9.2086. At the observation poin 4 the V-S-D relationship model that is suitable is the Underwood model with R2 = 0.9826, Sd = 0.4354 with the equation Q = 14.861e0,001.D. The value of the road service level at the four points is C. Where traffic flow conditions are still.
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Sari, Nur Maya, Salonten Salonten, and Supiyan Supiyan. "ANALISA PERBANDINGAN PERHITUNGAN KAPASITAS RUAS JALAN METODE PKJI 2014 DENGAN METODE GREENSHIELD, GREENBERG DAN UNDERWOOD." Jurnal Kacapuri : Jurnal Keilmuan Teknik Sipil 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/jk.v4i1.5276.
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Jalan Ahmad Yani adalah salah satu jalan perkotaan yang terdapat di kota Palangka Raya yang memiliki volume lalu lintas kendaraan cukup tinggi. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana keadaan lalu lintas yang terjadi maka dilakukan analisa kapasitas jalan Ahmad Yani dengan metode PKJI 2014 dan membuat perbandingan perhitungan kapasitas jalan menggunakan metode Greenshield, Greenberg dan Underwood. Dilakukan survei selama 5 hari, dengan menggunakan metode PKJI 2014 dan membandingkan antara tiga model untuk mengetahui hubungan matematis antara parameter Volume–Kecepatan−Kepadatan dan koefisien determinasi (R2) yang tertinggi untuk lima hari survei. Dari ketiga model didapatkan untuk Model Greenshield, Koefisien determinasi tertinggi di peroleh hari selasa pada segmen ruas jalan AIS Nasution–W. Sudirihosodo dengan R2 = 0,471 dengan Kapasitas, (Vm) = 1477,135 skr , Kepadatan (Dj)=81,139 skr Kecepatan maksimumjam km(Sm)=36,41 km/jam. Untuk Model Greenberg Koefisien determinasi tertinggi diperoleh pada hari kamis pada segmen jalan W. Sudirohosodo–AIS Nasution denganR2=0,392, Kapasitas (Vm)=3179,956 skr/jam, Kepadatan (Dj)=506,386 skr/km, Kecepatan maksimum (Sm)=17,07km/jam. Untuk model Underwood Koefisiendeterminasi tertinggi di peroleh pada hari selasa segmen ruas jalan AIS Nasution–W. Sudirihosodo dengan R2=0,489, Kapasitas (Vm)=1705,128 skr/jam, Kepadatan (Dm) V=58,82skr/km, Kecepatan maksimum (Sm)=28,988 km/jam.Dari tiga model yaitu Greenshield, Greenberg, dan Underwood yang mendekatidengan nilai kapasitas menggunakan PKJI 2014 dengan kapasitas Vm=2794,1 skr/jam adalah model Underwood pada hari jumat pada segmen 2 arah H. Ikap– Iskandar dengan kapasitas Vm=2800,382 skr/jam dengan r2=0,243 hubungan antara(S-D) 68,511x exp (−D/111,11) persamaan (V-S)V=111,11 Sx Ln (68,511/S)persamaan (V-D) V=68,511.D exp (-D/111,11).Kata kunci: greenberg, greenshield, underwood, kapasitas PKJI 2014
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Bergin, Stephen P., Adrian Coles, Sara B. Calvert, John Farley, Jonas Santiago, Marcus J. Zervos, Ana Cecilia Bardossy, et al. "872. PROPHETIC: Predicting Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients in the ICU—A Model and Scoring System." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy209.056.
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Abstract Background Prospectively identifying patients at highest risk for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) by implementing a risk assessment scoring tool may help focus prevention efforts, optimize the screening process to improve clinical trial feasibility, and enhance development of new antibacterial agents. Methods Within the intensive care units (ICU) of 28 US hospitals, between February 6, 2016 and October 7, 2016, patients hospitalized >48 hours and receiving high levels of respiratory support were prospectively followed for meeting the definition of HABP/VABP recommended in US FDA draft guidance. Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, and treatment exposures were recorded. The association between candidate risk factors and odds of developing HABP/VABP was evaluated with a multivariable logistic regression model. Risk factors were selected using backward selection with α = 0.1 for model inclusion. A web-based scoring system was developed to estimate the risk of HABP/VABP from the risk factors identified. Results A total of 5,101 patients were enrolled, of whom 1,005 (20%) developed HABP/VABp. 4,613 patients were included in the model, excluding 488 (10%) with HABP/VABP at or before enrollment. There are 15 variables included in the model. APACHE II admission score >20 (P < 0.001, OR 2.14, 95% CI 2.00–2.29), admission diagnosis of trauma (P < 0.001, OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.90–5.74), frequent oral or lower respiratory tract suctioning (P < 0.001, OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.81–2.99), and receipt of enteral nutrition (P < 0.001, OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.69–3.16) were the key drivers of increased pneumonia risk. The model demonstrated excellent discrimination (bias-corrected C-statistic 0.861, 95% CI 0.843–0.880). The web-based scoring system can be accessed via this link: https://ctti-habpvabp.shinyapps.io/web_based_tool/. Conclusion Using a web-based scoring system, ICU patients at highest risk for developing HABP/VABP can be accurately identified. Prospective implementation of this tool may assist in focusing additional prevention efforts on the highest risk patients and enhance new drug development for HABP/VABP. Disclosures S. P. Bergin, CTTI: Investigator and Scientific Advisor, Research support and Travel to study related meetings. A. Coles, CTTI: Investigator and Scientific Advisor, Salary. S. B. Calvert, CTTI: Employee, Salary. M. J. Zervos, CTTI: Investigator, Research support. A. C. Bardossy, CTTI: Investigator, Research support. M. Kollef, CTTI: Investigator, Research support. M. J. Durkin, CTTI: Investigator, Research support. M. Sims, CTTI: Investigator, Research support. C. Greenshields, CTTI: Investigator, Research support. B. A. Kabchi, CTTI: Investigator, Research support. H. K. Donnelly, CTTI: Collaborator and Scientific Advisor, Research support and Salary. P. Tenaerts, CTTI: Employee, Salary. P. Gu, CTTI: Collaborator, Research support and Salary. V. G. Fowler Jr., CTTI: Investigator and Scientific Advisor, Research support and Salary. Merck: Consultant, Grant Investigator and Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee, Grant recipient and Research support. Cerexa/Actavis/Allegan: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient. Pfizer: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient. Advanced Liquid Logics: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient. NIH: Investigator, Grant recipient, Research support and Salary. MedImmune: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient. Basilea: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient. Karius: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient. Contrafect: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient. Regeneron: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient. Genentech: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient. Achaogen: Consultant, Consulting fee. Astellas: Consultant, Consulting fee. Arsanis: Consultant, Consulting fee. Affinergy: Consultant, Consulting fee. Bayer: Consultant, Consulting fee. Cerexa: Consultant, Consulting fee. Cubist: Consultant, Consulting fee. Debiopharm: Consultant, Consulting fee. Durata: Consultant, Consulting fee. Grifols: Consultant, Consulting fee. Medicines Co.: Consultant, Consulting fee. Novartis: Consultant, Consulting fee. Novadigm: Consultant, Consulting fee. Theravance: Consultant, Consulting fee and Speaker honorarium. xBiotech: Consultant, Consulting fee. Green Cross: Consultant, Speaker honorarium. T. L. Holland, CTTI: Investigator and Scientific Advisor, Research support and Salary.
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Lestari, Utami Sylvia, and Azky Qurani. "ANALISIS PENGARUH ANTRIAN KENDARAAN DI BAHU JALAN TERHADAP KINERJA RUAS JALAN TRIKORA KOTA BANJARBARU." JURNAL RIVET 2, no. 01 (July 26, 2022): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47233/rivet.v2i01.537.
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Analisis terhadap kinerja ruas jalan di sekitaran area SPBU 64.707.05 Trikora dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui serta membandingkan kinerja ruas jalan yang terjadi akibat adanya antrian truk di area SPBU dengan area yang tidak terdapat antrian truk. Faktor hambatan samping juga diperhatikan sebagai salah satu indikator terhadap penurunan kinerja ruas jalan. Dalam menghimpun data yang bersifat primer dilakukan dengan observasi atau pengamatan secara langsung di lapangan. Analisis data dilaksanakan menggunakan metode konvensional yaitu Greenshield, Greenberg, dan Underwood dengan harapan dapat menemukan model yang terbaik dari tiga metode konvensional tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan analisis, terjadi penurunan sebesar 7,00 % pada volume maksimum, sebesar 13,68 % pada kecepatan maksimum dan peningkatan kepadatan sebesar 24,58% dengan menggunakan model Greenshield yang mana nilai koefisien korelasinya adalah 0,906 (sangat kuat) pada area yang memiliki antrian truk dan 0,897 (sangat kuat) pada area yang tidak terdapat antrian truk.
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Pudjaprasetya, S. R., J. Bunawan, and C. Novtiar. "Traffic Lights or Roundabout? Analysis using the Modified Kinematic LWR Model." East Asian Journal on Applied Mathematics 6, no. 1 (January 27, 2016): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/eajam.210815.281215a.
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AbstractTraffic flow is treated as a continuum governed by the kinematic LWR model and the Greenshield flux function. The model is modified to describe traffic flow on a road with traffic lights or a roundabout. Parameters introduced determine the traffic flow behaviour and queue formation, and numerical simulations based on the Godunov method are carried out. The numerical procedure is shown to converge, and produces results consistent with previous analytic results.
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Raudah, Zahwa Nur, Widodo Kushartomo, and Najid Najid. "ANALISIS KAPASITAS DAN KECEPATAN ARUS BEBAS BERDASARKAN MKJI DI RUAS JALAN GATOT SUBROTO." JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v0i0.10458.
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The congestion that occurs in the city of Jakarta is caused by the large number of four-wheeled and two-wheeled vehicle drivers who fill the road, so that the volume increases which results in a congestion on the road segment. In this research, we will discuss about the capacity and free flow on Gatot Subroto street in both directions. The data needed to calculate the capacity and speed of free flow is the volume of the vehicle, the speed and density of the road sections. This research was conducted in the morning to evening, each 2 hours with a time interval of 15 minutes. The calculation in the study used the MKJI 1997 method and the Greenshield method. Obtained from the Greenshield model the highest R2 value in the morning to evening is 0,9943 with a VS value = 40.011 - 0.0396D for direction 1 and a value of C = 10107 pcu / hour while the R2 value for direction 2 is 0,9193 with VS = 66 ,9928 – 0,1583D for direction 2, the value of C = 7088 pcu / hour. By using the MKJI 1997 method, the value of C = 4890,6 pcu / hour was obtained. ABSTRAKKemacetan yang terjadi di Kota Jakarta disebabkan banyaknya pengemudi kendaraan roda empat maupun roda dua yang memenuhi ruas jalan tersebut, sehingga volume meningkat yang mengakibatkan terjadinya kepadatan pada ruas jalan tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, akan dibahas mengenai kapasitas dan kecepatan arus bebas di ruas jalan Gatot Subroto di kedua arah. Data yang dibutuhkan untuk menghitung kapasitas dan kecepatan arus bebas adalah volume kendaraan,kecepatan dan kepadatan ruas jalan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pagi hari hingga sore hari , masing masing setiap 2 jam dengan interval waktu 15 menit. Perhitungan pada penelitian menggunakan metode MKJI 1997 dan metode Greenshield. Didapat dari model Greenshield nilai R2 tertinggi pada saat pagi hingga sore hari yaitu 0,9943 dengan nilai VS = 40,011 – 0,0396D untuk arah 1 dan nilai C = 10107 smp/jam sedangkan nilai R2 untuk arah 2 0,9193 dengan VS = 66,9928 – 0,1583D untuk arah 2 nilai C = 7088 smp/jam. Dengan menggunakan metode MKJI 1997 didapat nilai C = 4890,6 smp/jam.
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Yugendar, Poojari, and K. V. R. Ravishankar. "Analysis of Crowd Flow Parameters Using Artificial Neural Network." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2018-0028.
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Abstract Research scientists have been developing mathematical tools to detect objects, recognize objects and actions, and discover behaviours and events to human abilities. In all these efforts, the understanding of human actions is of a special interest for both application and research purposes. In this study, crowd flow parameters are analysed by considering linear and non linear relationships between stream flow parameters using conventional and soft computing approach. Deterministics models like Greenshield and Underwood were applied in the study to describe flow characteristics. A non-linear model based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach is also used to build a relationship between different crowd flow parameters and compared with the other deterministic models. ANN model gave good results based on accuracy measurement to deterministic models because of their self-processing and intelligent behaviour. Mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) values for the best fitted ANN model are less than those for the other models. ANN model gives better performance in fitness of model and future prediction of flow parameters.
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Florentinus, La Derita, Irwan Lakawa, and Sulaiman Sulaiman. "Model Hubungan Karakteristik Arus Lalu Lintas Pada Ruas Jalan Abdullah Silondae Kota Kendari." Sultra Civil Engineering Journal 2, no. 2 (December 9, 2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54297/sciej.v2i2.191.
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Abdullah SilondaeRoad is a type of 4 lane 2 undivided road (4/2 UD)which is a pathway to urban activities, education, trade and. Theresearch objective is to model the relationship of trafficcharacteristic parameters on the Abdullah Silondae Road sectionbased on traffic studies, including studio volumes and vehicle speedswhich are classified into three groups namely motorcycles (MC), lightvehicles (LV) and heavy vehicles (HV).The variables used are traffic characteristics, namely volume, speed,and density. To determine the formulation of the characteristicsrelationship, three models are used, among others Greensield,Greenberg, and Underwood.From the results of the study concludedthat the Greenshield model is the best model with the value of R ² =0.99 with a mathematical equation the relationship of speed-density,volume-density, and volume-speed as follows: S = 41,3 -0,15.D, V =41,3.D-0,15.D², V = 273 . S – 6,6.S².
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Desmi, Adzuha, Lis Ayu Widari, and Riza Yanti. "EFEKTIFITAS MODEL KARAKTERISTIK ARUS LALU LINTAS PADA RUAS JALAN SIMPANG 4 BIREUN (PERBANDINGAN DENGAN METODE GREENSHIELD, GREENBERG, UNDERWOOD)." Teras Jurnal 9, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/tj.v9i1.178.
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Fauzi, Mohammad Khoiruddin, Heribertus Budi Santoso, and Sri Rahayuningsih. "Analisis Kepadatan Lalu Lintas Berdasarkan Pengaturan Traffic Light (Studi Kasus Perempatan Bandar Kidul Kota Kediri)." JATI UNIK : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik dan Manajemen Industri 1, no. 1 (April 18, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/jatiunik.v1i2.116.
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Pengaturan lampu lalu lintas di persimpangan jalan sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengatur kelancaran arus kendaraan dan juga mengakomodir setiap kepentingan pengguna jalan. Masalahnya pengaturan sistem lalu lintas menggunakan model fixed time, menyebabkan perubahan kepadatan arus lalu lintas tidak mampu diprediksi oleh traffic light. Padahal beban arus yang berbeda pada sitiap lajur jalan menyebabkan inefisiensi dalam penggunaan jalur di persimpangan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kepadatan kendaraan di persimpangan Bandar Kidul Kota Kediri berdasarkan pengaturan traffic light.Penelitian ini dilakukan di Simpang Empat Bandar Kidul Kota Kediri. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh kendaraan yang melewati Simpang Empat Bandar Kidul. Sampel penelitian adalah kendaraan yang melewati persimpangan Bandar Kidul pada waktu pengamatan penelitian pada tanggal 2-3 Juli 2017 pengamatan pagi, siang dan sore masing-masing selama satu jam pengamatan. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya akan dianalisis menggunakan metode Greenshield dan analisis metode Webster.Berdasarkan hasil analisis karakteristik kendaraan dengan menggunakan model Greenshield, didapat bahwa hari Senin pagi arah masuk dari Jalan Bandar Ngalim merupakan volume maksimum yang terbesar terjadi yaitu Vmax sebesar 303,58 smp/jam/lajur menuju jalan KH Wachid Hasyim dan jalan KH Agus Salim sedangkan volume maksimum pada jalan Bandar Ngalim terjadi pada hari Minggu Sore yaitu Vmax sebesar 191,51Smp/Jam/lajur. Berdasarkan analisis menggunakan metode Webster, waktu-nyala lampu hijau pada jalur utara atau fase 1 sebesar 29,37 detik, waktu-nyala lampu hijau pada jalur selatan atau fase 2 sebesar 29,98 detik, waktu-nyala lampu hijau pada jalur timur atau fase 3 sebesar 31,56 detik dan waktu-nyala lampu hijau pada jalur barat atau fase 4 sebesar 31,33 detik. Sedangkan untuk waktu-nyala lampu merah pada jalur utara atau fase 1 sebesar 97,80 detik, waktu-nyala lampu merah pada jalur selatan atau fase 2 sebesar 97,20 detik, waktu-nyala lampu merah pada jalur timur atau fase 3 sebesar 95,69 detik, dan waktu-nyala lampu merah pada fase barat atau fase 4 sebesar 95,80 detik.Kata Kunci: Kepadatan Lalu Lintas, Pengaturan Traffic Light
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Kriswardhana, Willy, Marco Sukma Widanar, Syamsul Arifin, and Sonya Sulistyono. "Model Hubungan Arus, Kecepatan, Dan Kepadatan Di Jalan Empat Lajur Dua Arah." TERAS JURNAL 10, no. 1 (August 15, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/tj.v10i1.273.
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<p class="11daftarpustaka">Arus lalu – lintas pada Jalan Gajah Mada dari tahun ke tahun mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini disebabkan perkembangan pada daerah Jalan Gajah Mada ini. Untuk menemukan suatu model transportasi yang sesuai pada jalan ini, terlebih dahulu diperlukan pengetahuan mengenai karakteristik lalu – lintas dan model hubungan antar karakteristik tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis model hubungan antar karakteristik volume (V), kecepatan (S) dan kepadatan (D) lalu – lintas sesuai dengan kondisi yang ada dengan dasar pedoman Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indoneia (MKJI 1997). Survei data meliputi volume dan kecepatan lalu – lintas dengan metode manual <em>counting</em>, sedangkan analisis model meliputi model <em>Greenshield</em>, <em>Greenberg</em> dan <em>Underwood</em>. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa untuk arah kota model yang sesuai dilihat dari nilai (R<sup>2</sup>) adalah Model <em>Underwood </em>sebesar 0,393 dan untuk arah luar kota yaitu Model <em>Greenberg </em>dengan nilai (R<sup>2</sup>) sebesar 0,43. Untuk nilai kapasitas yang mendekati hasil dari metode MKJI 1997 pada arah kota maupun arah luar kota yaitu Model <em>Underwood</em>.</p>
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Febriany, Nisvia, and Iphan Fitrian Radam. "PENGARUH PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK LALU LINTAS PADA RUAS JALAN DENGAN TIPE 2/2 UD (STUDI KASUS JL. JENDRAL SUDIRMAN KOTA BANJARMASIN)." JURNAL RIVET 2, no. 01 (July 26, 2022): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47233/rivet.v2i01.473.
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Kegiatan yang ditinjau adalah kegiatan pedagang kaki lima di daerah Taman Siring 0 Km Kota Banjarmasin, tepatnya di tepi Jalan Jendral Sudirman dengan panjang jalan yang terpakai oleh kegiatan pedagang kaki lima sepanjang ±140 meter dengan lebar bahu jalan ±1 meter dan lebar badan jalan ±1 meter. Kegiatan pedagang kaki lima cukup berpengaruh terhadap kinerja arus lalu lintas. Akibat adanya kegiatan pedagang kaki lima di Taman Siring berupa meningkatnya kepadatan lalu lintas dan kecepatan sehingga dapat menimbulkan kemacetan. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh kegiatan pedagang kaki lima terhadap arus lalu lintas Jalan Jendral Sudirman. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah survei lapangan untuk mencari data volume dan kecepatan pada ruas jalan. Survei dilakukan pada dua kondisi yaitu kondisi dengan adanya pedagang kaki lima dan kondisi tidak adanya pedagang kaki lima. Gunanya yaitu agar dapat dilihat besar pengaruhnya. Perhitungan yang digunakan yaitu dengan metode konvensional, dan didapatkan hubungan model terbaik dengan menggunakan model Greenshield. Dari hasil perhitungan terjadi sedikit penurunan pada volume maksimum yaitu sebesar 2,41%, pada kecepatan rata-rata terjadi penurunan sebesar 6,64%, dan kepadatan maksimum terjadi kenaikan sebesar 4,53%.
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Gulivindala, Pallavi, and Arpan Mehar. "Analysis of Side Friction on Urban Arterials." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2018-0003.
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Abstract The influence of the side friction activities on the speed has been analyzed in the present study by conducting series of traffic field surveys. Pedestrian movements, parked vehicles and entry-exit of vehicles from surroundings, and wrong way movements are observed from videos and analyzed to estimate weighing factors. To examine the combined effects of all the activities the weighing factors are used to determine total value of side friction on the road. The study suggests model to estimate average speed of vehicular stream with the effect of side friction and volume on the roads section. It was found that the vehicular speed decreases as side friction increases at all the levels of traffic volume. However, no change in the speed was observed at lower level side friction. Capacity value obtained for combined data based on Greenshield’s theory that showed 9% reduction in the value considering with and without side friction.
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Iqbal Asni. "Pengaruh Penyempitan Jalan Terhadap Kepadatan dan Kerapatan Di Depan Halte Bus Jalan Jatingaleh Semarang." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 15, no. 1 (July 11, 2022): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/jts.v15i1.35.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyempitan jalan terhadap karakteristik lalu lintas jalan pada halte bus BRT depan Pasar Jatingaleh Semarang. Pergerakan masyarakat yang terjadi di Kota Semarang semakin meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan yang ada hingga menyebabkan meningkatnya arus lalu lintas. Salah satunya permasalahan yang mempengaruhi kondisi lalu lintas yaitu adanya penyempitan jalan, seperti pada jalan Teuku Umar tepatnya di halte bus BRT depan Pasar Jatingaleh Semarang. Pada lokasi tersebut sering terjadi kemacetan lalu lintas sehingga menyebabkan antrian panjang terutama pada jam-jam tertentu. Data diambil langsung dari lapangan meliputi volume, kecepatan, dan kepadatan lalu lintas. Analisis data didasarkan pada Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) 1997 dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Microsoft Excel. Adapun analisa hubungan karakteristik lalu lintas pada penyempitan jalan di ruas jalan Teuku Umar menggunakan model Greenshield. Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa kecepatan maksimum, volume puncak, kepadatan maksimum, kapasitas jalan, dan derajat jenuh atau degree of saturation diketahui dengan melakukan survey lapangan.
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Irwansyah, Muhammad, and Clara Apriani Siringoringo. "Analisis hubungan antara volume, kecepatan, dan kerapatan lalu lintas dengan model Greenshield, Greenberg, dan Underwood pada ruas jalan gereja kota Tanjungbalai." Jurnal VORTEKS 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54123/vorteks.v3i2.214.
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Pergerakan warga masyarakat yg terus meningkat sejalan dengan perkembangan yang terjadi sehingga meningkatnya arus lalu lintas Jalan Gereja merupakan daerah pertokoan dan lebarnya relatif sempit, ini meyebabkan meningkatnya masalah yang timbul sehingga menyebabkan menurunnya kecepatan arus lalu lintas dan menurunnya kapasitas arus lalu lintas yang dilalui oleh jalan tersebut.
Studi penelitian yang dilakukan pada ruas jalan Gereja Kota Tanjungbalai dilakukan untuk memperoleh gambaran terhadap pergerakan arus lalu lintas di ruas jalan tersebut dengan menggunakan korelasi antara volume, kecepatan dan kerapatan dengan tiga model, yaitu Greenshield, Greenberg, Underwood.
Dari hasil analisa tersebut, diperoleh model Greenberg merupakan pendekatan terbaik untuk ruas jalan Gereja Kota Tanjungbalai dengan koefisien determinan mendekati +1 (nilai R2 = 0,514, dan R2 = 0,348). Model persamaan adalah sebagai berikut :
37,287 – 4,927Ln D (Us –D)
40,937D – 6,201 D LnD (Q - D)
736,329Us (Q – Us)
Dari hasil Model Greenberg ini diperoleh volume maksimum terbesar (QM) pada hari Sabtu dan Minggu sebesar 1682,486 smp/jam dan 3524,09 smp/jam , kecepatan maksimum terbesar (UM) pada hari Sabtu dan Minggu sebesar 6,211 km/jam dan 4,940 km/jam dan kepadatan saat macet terbesar (DM) pada hari Sabtu dan Minggu sebesar 270,880 smp/km dan 711,867 smp/km. Ini juga menjadi alasan bahwa Metode Greenberg inilah lebih tepat dalam menganalisis hubungan volume, kecepatan, dan kerapatan arus lalu lintas untuk ruas jalan Gereja Kota Tanjungbalai
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Abdullah, Zulfhazli Zulfhazli. "ANALISA GELOMBANG KEJUT PADA LENGAN PERSIMPANGAN TERHADAP ALIRAN ARUS LALULINTAS." Teras Jurnal 6, no. 2 (March 19, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/tj.v6i2.94.
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Gelombang kejut terjadi karena adanya pergantian nyala lampu lalu lintas berwarna merah, kendaraan akan berhenti, kepadatan lengan sebelum lampu merah akan meningkat, kecepatan menurun, dan akhirnya terjadi antrian. Gerakan arus lalu lintas yang terjadi pada saat kondisi lampu merah inilah yang disebut dengan gelombang kejut. Perhitungan ukuran kinerja dan kapasitas jalan Indonesia mengaju pada Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) yang dikeluarkan oleh Departemen Pekerjaan Umum Direktorat Jendral Bina Marga pada tahun 1997. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik lalu lintas, nilai gelombang kejut serta panjang antrian yang di analisa sesuai teori gelombang kejut. Penelitian dilakukan pada lengan persimpang bersinyal. Hasil analisa diperoleh hasil volume lalu lintas paling padat terjadi pada hari Senin pagi dengan volume 9281,2 smp/jam dengan kerapatan 630,04 smp/km, arus maksimum (Vmak) didapat dengan menggunakan model Greenshield terjadi pada pagi hari senin dengan nilai arus 303,58 Smp/Jam, nilai gelombang kejut terbesar dan panjang antrian terpanjang terjadi pada hari rabu dengan nilai gelombang kejut 21,48 km/jam dan panjang antrian 197,5 meter. Hal ini menandakan semakin besar nilai gelombang kejut maka semakin besar pula nilai panjang antrian yang didapat.
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Tirtakusuma, Kelvin, and Najid Najid. "PENENTUAN KAPASITAS JALAN ENAM LAJUR DUA ARAH TERBAGI DENGAN METODE MKJI, KONSEP PKJI, DAN SURVEI." JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil 2, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v2i3.5674.
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Kapasitas jalan secara umum dapat diartikan sebagai jumlah kendaraan maksimum yang dapat dilayani arus lalu lintas dalam periode waktu tertentu. Kapasitas jalan dipengaruhi banyak faktor, antara lain hambatan samping, ukuran sebuah kota, lebar lajur, dan pemisah jalan. Ruang lingkup pada penelitian ini dikhususkan untuk jalan enam lajur dua arah terbagi. Pada penelitian ini peneliti mencari jalan yang identik dengan hanya memiliki satu perbedaan khususnya perbedaan jumlah hambatan samping dan ukuran kota. Hambatan samping dapat diartikan sebagai dampak kinerja lalu lintas dari aktivitas samping segmen jalan. Peneliti melakukan penelitian dikarenakan belum ada yang melakukan kajian pencarian kapasitas jalan khusus hanya untuk jalan enam lajur dua arah. Dari hasil pengolahan data akan didapat nilai kapasitas jalan dengan perbedaan faktor ukuran kota dan nilai kapasitas jalan dengan perbedaan faktor hambatan samping. Pada jalan enam lajur dua arah koefisien determinasi mendektai satu, maka model greenshield dapat dimodelkan untuk mengetahui kapasitas jalan menurut survei menggunakan Gambar kepadatan dan kecepatan. Pada jalan enam lajur dua arag terbagi MKJI dan PKJI memiliki kesamaan pada nilai-nilai faktor yang digunakan untuk perhitungan kapasitas jalan dan juga kecepatan arus bebas, metode yang digunakan dalam perhitungan kapasitas jalan dan juga kecepatan arus bebas juga sama. Naming istilah pada penamaan faktor penyesuaian berbeda. Ada juga perbedaan pada jenis kencdaraan, pada MKJI hanya ada 3 jenis kendaraan sedangkan pada PKJI terdapat 4 jenis kendaraan.
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S, Richasanty Septima, Said Munzir, and Salmawaty Salmawaty. "MODELING AND SIMULATION OF TRAFFIC FLOWS ON INCLINED ROAD DURING EVACUATION PROCESS OF THE VOLCANO DISASTER WITH FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD." Jurnal Natural 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v17i1.6513.
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The research in this thesis was done to examine the model of traffic flow of volcanic disaster evacuation path for uphill and downhill roads. The assessment was focused on the area of disaster evacuation path from the Pante Raya Bener Meriah intersection to Takengon. This model is assessed for two different types of time when which a disaster occurs; the disaster occurred at night and the disaster occurred during the day, especially during peak hours (working hours). The model was developed with attention to the exixtence of inflow and outflow along the evacuation route. Furthermore, the model obtained is solved numerically by using finite difference method. The chosen approach of this method is upwind scheme with time and space steps using forward difference and backward difference. The solution of this model in the form of simulated vehicle density along evacuation pathways. The research conducted is in the form of a model of traffic flow on evacuation paths and restricted to the inflow and outflow without alternative path as well as the conditions of the road which are uphill and downhill, showed a high density of vehicles either at night or during the day. Uphill road conditions resulted in decreased vehicle speed and vehicle density will increase, while downhill road conditions resulted in increased vehicle speed and vehicle density will decrease, meaning that the road conditions which are uphill and downhill will greatly affect the process of evacuation. Degree vehicles of evacuation efficiency occuring at night without an alternative pathway produces a high efficiency so that it can be interpreted that the evacuation process in the evening was successful and runs better than the evacuation process during the day, and this is caused by the existence of vehicles on the road evacuation process started thus affecting the efficiency levels. Keywords : Traffic flows, finite difference method, upwind scheme method, forward difference, backward difference, greenshield method, uphill road, downhill road.
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Raharjo, E. P., A. M. Rahayu, and V. O. Hartini. "Re-designing of the bottleneck on Suryanata Street Samarinda City East Kalimantan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 879, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/879/1/012032.
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Abstract Some indicators of traffic problems like congestion, pollution and accident become the benchmark to evaluate the infrastructure performance. One kind of problem that often happened are the Bottleneck problems. In this kind of condition, the capacity of one side of the road is lower than before condition. On the other hand, in the process of landscape design of bottleneck deciding only by the availability of the space and those kinds of condition are not getting research by some specialist. The purpose of this research is to analyze the design parameter to enhance the capacity so case we can decreasing the number of congestion in a significant way. This research has taken place in Suryanata Street, Samarinda City. This research uses the model of Greenshield Linear, Greenberg Logarithmic, and Exponential Underwood to state the relationship between the performance of Traffic, Volume, Speed, and Density so we can decide the best model to analyze the shock wave that is using to design the parameter that effecting the design of bottleneck road area. Meanwhile, the pollution that can identify it consist of: CO (in the part of Per Million / PMM), NOX (calculate in Cubic meter / M3) and level of smoke (calculate in Cubic Meter / M3) with using the model of Hobbs (1979). Re-designing will be implemented to get the optimal performance infrastructure in the research location, and evaluate those kinds of terms. The result of the research got three design parameters in the Bottleneck area. There are track width, length of the road, and traffic volume. From the result analysis, the researcher is doing the Re-designing in the bottleneck area of the research location by using the parameter performance of congestion, specifically on delayed and pollution, like CO, NOX and level of smoke. Based on the re-designing, we can be decreasing the delay in the amount of 29.31% decreasing the number of NOX by 25.03% on CO we can be decreasing in the amount of 14.88% and also decreasing the level of smoke by 11.94%.
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Sunardi, Dikdik, Ida Farida, and Agus Ismail. "STUDI ANALISIS HUBUNGAN, KECEPATAN, VOLUME, DAN KEPADATAN DI JALAN MERDEKA KABUPATEN GARUT DENGAN METODE GREENSHIELDS." Jurnal Konstruksi 11, no. 1 (April 14, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.33364/konstruksi/v.11-1.84.
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Fungsi utama dari suatu jalan adalah memberikan pelayanan transportasi sehingga pemakai jalan dapat berkendaraan dengan aman dan nyaman. Parameter volume lalulintas yang merupakan faktor penting dalam perencanaan lalulintas adalah volume, kecepatan, dan kerapatan lalulintas. Greenshields merumuskan bahwa hubungan matematis antara Kecepatan–Kepadatan diasumsikan linear (Ofyar Tamin, 2000). Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia 1997 dan model pendekatan lalu lintas melalui model Linier Greenshields, memberikan pedoman – pedoman untuk mendapatkan Kapasitas dari suatu ruas jalan. Dari hasil penelitian di Jalan Merdeka Kabupaten Garut model Linier Greenshields mendapatkan kapasitas/ volume maksimum pada hari senin adalah 12065 smp/ jam dengan kecepatan 13,42 km/ jam, untuk hari kamis mendapatkan volume maksimum adalah 3881 smp/ jam dengan kecepatan 16.80 km/ jam dan untuk hari sabtu volume maksimum adalah 12.666 smp/ jam dengan kecepatan 11, 56 km/ jam dengan Pemodelan Linier Greenshields, Ini disebabkan latar belakang pemodel yang digunakan banyak yang berasal dari penelitian jalan – jalan di luar negeri sedangkan untuk Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI – 1997) menggunakan penelitiannya menggunakan karateristik jalan yang ada di Indonesia.
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Koryagin, Mark. "Urban Planning: a Game Theory Application for the Travel Demand Management." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering, September 4, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.9410.
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Urban infrastructure in the developing nations is generating a great number of environmental problems. Therefore, the problem of land distribution among road networks, parking spaces and landscaped parks is to be researched. The passenger behavior depends on traffic congestion, parking search time, public transport frequency, parking fee, etc. The travel mode choice model is described by logit function.A city territory is subdivided into three districts, residential, central and industrial, each of them trying to develop and implement the optimal policy of land use. The district criterion includes residential travel times, congestion and impacts of the parks on the environment. Any district should solve the effective land use problem while the public transport system tries to find the optimal frequency.The travel time depends on road capacity and is described by Greenshields model. The influence of parking capacity upon the parking search time is described by the BPR formula.Participants’ solutions influence one another; therefore, the coalition-free game is constructed. The existence of Nash equilibrium is proved for districts, passengers and public transport. The numerical example shows the impacts of value of time (VOT), population density and parking fee rates on districts land use.
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Liu, Ting, and Gabriel Lodewijks. "Research on the impact of ship traffic flow on the restricted channel segment of the middle Yangtze River based on traffic wave theory." SN Applied Sciences 3, no. 8 (July 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04727-w.
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Abstract Abstract On the basis of the influence of dry season on ship traffic flow, the gathering and dissipating process of ship traffic flow was researched with Greenshields linear flow—density relationship model, the intrinsic relationship between the ship traffic congestion state and traffic wave in the unclosed restricted channel segment was emphatically explored when the ship traffic flow in a tributary channel inflows, and the influence law of multiple traffic waves on the ship traffic flow characteristics in unclosed restricted segment is revealed. On this basis, the expressions of traffic wave speed and direction, dissipation time of queued ships and the number of ships affected were provided, and combined with Monte Carlo method, the ship traffic flow simulation model in the restricted channel segment was built. The simulation results show that in closed restricted channel segment the dissipation time of ships queued is mainly related to the ship traffic flow rate of segments A and C, and the total number of ships affected to the ship traffic flow rate of segment A. And in unclosed restricted channel segment, the dissipation time and the total number of ships affected are also determined by the meeting time of the traffic waves in addition to the ship traffic flow rate of segments. The research results can provide the theoretical support for further studying the ship traffic flow in unclosed restricted channel segment with multiple tributaries Article Highlights The inflow of tributaries' ship traffic flows has an obvious impact on the traffic conditions in the unenclosed restricted channel segment. The interaction and influence between multiple ship traffic waves and the mechanism of generating new traffic waves are explained. The expression of both dissipation time of queued ships and the total number of ships affected in the closed and unclosed restricted channel segment are given.
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Saputra, Bagas, and Dian Savitri. "Analisis Hubungan antara Volume, Kecepatan dan Kepadatan Lalu-Lintas Berdasarkan Model Greenshield, Greenberg dan Underwood." Jurnal Manajemen Aset Infrastruktur & Fasilitas 5, no. 1 (January 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j26151847.v5i1.8742.
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Nisumanti, Sartika, and Evina Krisna. "EVALUASI KINERJA JALAN NASIONAL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK LALU LINTAS PADA RUAS JALAN NASIONAL KOTA PALEMBANG." JURNAL TEKNO GLOBAL UIGM FAKULTAS TEKNIK 9, no. 1 (August 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.36982/jtg.v9i1.1082.
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<p><em>The roads</em><em> </em><em>transportation is an </em><em>important infrastructure as one of the land transportation infrastructures for the movement of social activities and to support economic development, specifically in Palembang City. </em><em>The population growth of Palembang City has resulted in an increase in the number of vehicles and highway users. As a result</em><em>, transportation activities in Palembang, especially at Parameswara </em><em>roads are increasing. </em><em>The impact of this, there will be heavy traffic volume, resulting in conflicts on the road, which lead to traffic accidents. </em><em>Therefore</em><em>, there will be congestion and a decrease in the performance of the road speed.</em></p><p><em>The research is conducted at Parameswara Road in Palembang that visually diminished the ability to accommodate the road traffic volume per day, accordingly the effect of traffic that occurs due to the lack of road capacity as the sequence of large volume traffic. The purpose of this study is to determine the capacity and level of road services to carried out the performance value on this road. The method used in the analysis is the Greenshield model, Greenberg, and Underwood. This study explains the maximum volume at peak hour that develop on Monday is between 1561 smp/hour and 1549 smp/hour. Whereas the lowest is around 1225 smp/hour and 1008 smp/hour that occurs on Sunday. Therefore, the analysis of service level on the research years at Parameswara Road depicts the saturated traffic conditions and low starting speed with D service index category and service level analysis at 10 years of planning time projections, the lpda result is from 2022 to 2026, The Parameswara road conditions at E and F service index categories are the traffic jam circumstances and slight speed. Hence, it necessitates constructing a non-plot way at Parameswara Road intersection to tackle this traffic congestion.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>:<strong> </strong></em><em>Greenshield, Greenberg, Underwood</em>, <em>Road Capacity</em><em>.</em></p>
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Ghifari YS, Burhan, Agus Sumarsono, and Amirotul MH Mahmudah. "STUDI GELOMBANG KEJUT PADA SIMPANG BERSINYAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN EMP ATAS DASAR ANALISIS HEADWAY (Studi Kasus Pada Simpang Bersinyal Jalan Raya Wonogiri-Sukoharjo – Jalan Gedongan – Jalan Ciu Karangwuni)." Matriks Teknik Sipil 7, no. 1 (June 26, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/mateksi.v7i1.36531.
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<p>Simpang bersinyal Jalan Raya Wonogiri-Sukoharj – Jalan Ciu Karangwuni – Jalan Gedongan merupakan salah satu simpang bersinyal 3 fase yang ada di Kabupaten Sukoharjo yang sering mengalami kemacetan pada jam sibuk, khususnya pada pendekat simpang Jalan Raya Wonogiri-Sukoharjo Selatan. Untuk itu dilakukan studi gelombang kejut di pendekat simpang Jalan Raya Wonogiri-Sukoharjo Selatan menggunakan nilai EMP dengan dasar analisis <em>headway</em>. Penelitian dilakukan pada hari Kamis, 18 Oktober 2018 pada jam puncak pagi jam 05.30-08.00 WIB. Analisis <em>Headway</em> menghasilkan nilai EMP MC= 0,45 dan HV= 1,29 yang selanjutnya nilai tersebut digunakan untuk merubah jumlah kendaraan menjadi satuan mobil penumpang (smp). Langkah selanjutnya adalah mencari hubungan matematis antara arus, kecepatan dan kepadatan menggunakan model <em>greenshield</em>, yang menghasilkan kecepatan arus bebas (<em>Sff</em>), kepadatan saat macet (<em>Dj</em>), dan Jumlah kendaraan maksimal (Vm). Hasil-hasil tersebut digunakan untuk menghitung nilai gelombang kejut dengan nilai tertinggi yang terjadi pada pendekat simpang Jl. Raya Wonogiri-Sukoharjo Selatan Lajur Luar dengan nilai ωab= -1,42 km/jam, ωcb= -13,75 km/jam, ωac= 12,15 km/jam. Nilai gelombang kejut tersebut digunakan untuk menghitung waktu penormalan dan panjang antrian pada masing-masing pendekat simpang.</p>
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"Determination of Pedestrian Level of Service at Signalized Midblock Locations for Mixed Traffic Conditions." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 5 (January 30, 2020): 2751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.e6160.018520.
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walking is considered as one of the most important modes of transportation in India. But it is observed that the facilities for the pedestrians are ignored during design, planning and maintenance stage. But these days due to increase in population in urban areas, traffic congestion has become a major problem for safe pedestrian crossing. It is necessary to objectively quantify how well roadways accommodate pedestrian travel. Estimation of pedestrian level of service (PLOS) is the most common approach to assess quality of operations of pedestrian facilities. Due to more urbanisation and also large distance between the successive intersections people are forced to cross at their respective midblock. This paper aims in understanding pedestrian characteristics or pedestrian behaviour which is a fundamental in pedestrian planning process and finding the level of service for the pedestrians (PLOS) at selected signalised midblock. Pedestrian data required was collected using video graphic technique during two peak hours in a day at Kukatpally and Nizampet signalised midblocks in Hyderabad city. The factors considered for the calculation of PLOS are their delay, crossing time, speed, density and volume of pedestrians. Greenshields’s macroscopic model was used to resolve important parameters like free speed (vf ) and jam density (kj ) by plotting their respective graphs. Finally, regression analysis is carried in R software to calculate pedestrian LOS using the above factors considered. Clustering technique is used to obtain the LOS scores for the collected pedestrian data. LOS calculated from model outputs is compared with the values in Indo HCM 2017.