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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Greenstone belts – Zimbabwe

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Academic literature on the topic 'Greenstone belts – Zimbabwe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Greenstone belts – Zimbabwe"

1

Yoshihara, Arata, and Yozo Hamano. "Paleomagnetic constraints on the Archean geomagnetic field intensity obtained from komatiites of the Barberton and Belingwe greenstone belts, South Africa and Zimbabwe." Precambrian Research 131, no. 1-2 (May 2004): 111–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2004.01.003.

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Neil Phillips, G. "Metamorphic fluids and gold." Mineralogical Magazine 57, no. 388 (September 1993): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1993.057.388.02.

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AbstractLow-salinity fluids (T > 200°C reduced S, modest CO2) and high geothermal gradients are common to many gold deposits and provinces. In contrast, host rocks, hosting structures, depth of formation (in the crust during deposition), subsequent metamorphic overprint, alteration mineralogy and isotopic signatures can vary dramatically within single deposits or provinces. Gold deposits with co-product base metals are an exception to the above comments, and probably relate to saline fluids.The low salinity fluids inferred for major gold-only deposits are not easily explained by seawater, basinal brines, meteoric fluid or common magmatic processes. In contrast, metamorphic devolatilisation of mafic/greywacke rocks is one effective way to produce low-salinity metamorphic fluids with characteristics matching the gold fluids. Such an origin also explains the link to geothermal gradients.The transition from chlorite—albite—carbonate assemblages to amphibole-plagioclase assemblages (commonly greenschist—amphibolite facies boundary) involves considerable loss of metamorphic fluid whose composition is buffered by the mineral assemblage, and is a function of P and T. This low salinity, H2O-CO2 fluid is evolved at T > 400°C commonly carries reduced sulphur, and may contain Au complexed with this sulphur. This auriferous fluid is likely to mix with other fluid types during times of elevated temperature, especially magmatic fluids at depth, and upper crustal fluids at higher levels.Gold deposits in Archaean greenstone belts exhibit good evidence of low salinity, H2O-CO2 fluids of T > 300°C these include examples from Canada, Australia, Brazil, Zimbabwe, India, and South Africa. Turbidite-hosted (slate-belt) deposits exhibit similar evidence for such fluids but commonly with appreciable CH4; the Victoria and Juneau (Alaska) goldfields are examples. The Witwatersrand goldfields also show evidence of low salinity, H2O-CO2 fluids carrying reduced sulphur and gold, but their distribution and timing are not well established. Epithermal (sensu lato) gold deposits have evidence for low salinity fluids carrying Au and S, but are much more diverse in character than those from the previously mentioned gold provinces: this probably arises from mixing of several fluid types at high crustal levels. Together these four types of gold provinces account for over 80% of the primary gold mined to date.

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Fedo, Christopher M., Kenneth A. Eriksson, and Tom G. Blenkinsop. "Geologic history of the Archean Buhwa Greenstone Belt and surrounding granite–gneiss terrane, Zimbabwe, with implications for the evolution of the Limpopo Belt." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 1977–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e95-151.

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The Buhwa Greenstone Belt (BGB) of southern Zimbabwe is the only major greenstone belt in the Archean Zimbabwe Craton directly adjacent to the granulite-facies rocks that constitute the Northern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt. The deformational history and assembly of the BGB shed light on the evolution of the Northern Marginal Zone – Zimbabwe Craton transition. Assembly of the region began with deposition of the dominantly sedimentary cover succession at ~3.0 Ga on banded gneisses of the ~3.5 Ga Tokwe segment. At ~2.9 Ga the northern margin of the greenstone belt experienced kilometres of ductile, oblique-slip, dextral shearing. This shear zone was later intruded by the granitic to tonalitic ~2.9 Ga Chipinda batholith. The remaining events recognized in the region occurred during the time span 2.9–2.5 Ga. Northwest-directed thrusting of the Northern Marginal Zone over the Zimbabwe Craton took place along a collection of discrete, typically metre-wide shear zones, which collectively form the tectonic break between the Zimbabwe Craton and the Northern Marginal Zone. In response to thrusting, the cover succession and surrounding granitoids were folded and underwent regional greenschist-facies metamorphism. Two suites of potassic granites were emplaced north and south of the greenstone belt towards the end of thrusting. Plutonism was followed by conjugate faulting and later filling of the fractures by the Great Dyke of Zimbabwe. The youngest events may have occurred between ~2.5 and ~2.0 Ga, and include sinistral shearing along the southern margin of the belt, transecting cleavage formation, and open folding as a result of northeast-directed crustal shortening.

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Kusky, Timothy M., and Pamela A. Winsky. "Structural relationships along a greenstone/shallow water shelf contact, Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe." Tectonics 14, no. 2 (April 1995): 448–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94tc03086.

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Hofmann, A., P. H. G. M. Dirks, and H. A. Jelsma. "Late Archaean foreland basin deposits, Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe." Sedimentary Geology 141-142 (June 2001): 131–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(01)00072-0.

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Vinyu, M. L., H. A. Jelsma, and R. Frei. "Timing between granitoid emplacement and associated gold mineralization: examples from the ca. 2.7 Ga Harare–Shamva greenstone belt, northern Zimbabwe." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 981–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e96-074.

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Structurally controlled Late Archaean gold mineralizations associated with felsic plutons in the Harare–Shamva greenstone belt, Zimbabwe, are synchronous with the emplacement of their hosts. The ages of these mineralizations are identical to those reported from other mesothermal gold deposits elsewhere in the Zimbabwe Craton. The Pb and Nd isotopic signatures of the host plutons are compatible with a direct mantle or a short crustal residence period for the protoliths to the host intrusions. The coincidence of the Pb-isotope data from ore minerals with the whole-rock trends (errorchrons) of their host intrusives strongly suggests that the gold could have a magmatic, rather than a metamorphic, source. There is no evidence from the Pb isotopes of significant involvement of older basement in the genesis of gold deposits associated with felsic intrusions in the Harare–Shamva greenstone belt. On a craton-wide scale, the time frame around 2.65 Ga represents a period of significant crustal growth (through addition of mantle-derived magma), deformation, and metamorphism. The temporal and spatial coincidence of these three parameters has created favorable conditions for the emplacement of the largest class of Archaean gold mineralizations that are currently known in the country.

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Huizenga, Jan M., and Jacques L. R. Touret. "Fluid inclusions in shear zones: The case of the Umwindsi shear zone in the Harare-Shamva-Bindura greenstone belt, NE Zimbabwe." European Journal of Mineralogy 11, no. 6 (November 29, 1999): 1079–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/11/6/1079.

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8

Kusky, T. M., and W. S. F. Kidd. "Remnants of an Archean oceanic plateau, Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe." Geology 20, no. 1 (1992): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0043:roaaop>2.3.co;2.

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Blenkinsop, Tom G., Christopher M. Fedo, Michael J. Bickle, Kenneth A. Eriksson, Anthony Martin, Euan G. Nisbet, and James F. Wilson. "Ensialic origin for the Ngezi Group, Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe." Geology 21, no. 12 (1993): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<1135:eoftng>2.3.co;2.

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10

Hunter, M. A., M. J. Bickle, E. G. Nisbet, A. Martin, and H. J. Chapman. "Continental extensional setting for the Archean Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe." Geology 26, no. 10 (1998): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0883:cesfta>2.3.co;2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Greenstone belts – Zimbabwe"

1

Silva, Katherine E. "Komatiites from the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe : constraints on the development of Archaean Greenstone Belts." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263522.

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2

Fedo, Christopher M. "Geologic evolution of the Archean Buhwa Greenstone Belt and surrounding granite-gneiss terrane, southcentral Zimbabwe." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164845/.

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Simango, Robert Zulu. "Gold exploration northeast of Ngundu Halt, northern marginal zone of the Limpopo Belt, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005844.

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Gold exploration was conducted in northern margin, granulite-facies rocks of the Limpopo Belt. Methods used in the prospecting include drainage, soil and rock geochemistry, geophysical surveys, geological mapping, trenching and diamond drilling. These techniques successfully led to the discovery of two medium size, mesothermal gold deposits (Grid 2s and Grid 4). Objectives of this study were to (a) document the exploration methodology used; (b) describe the regional geology; (c) establish a mineral deposit model; (d) outline the methods and results of various exploration techniques; (e) outline follow-up procedures and evaluation of anomalies; and (f) discuss results of the exploration exercise and conclusions. The granulite-facies terrain comprises Charno-enderbites, mafic and felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks and meta-sediments. Renco Mine situated immediately east of the study area, was selected as the ore deposit model for the exploration program. Gold mineralization occurs in shear and thrust zones within an enderbite. The gold deposits are structurally controlled by a first-order, Sinistral transcrustal Mauch Shear Zone, which is parallel to a regional east-northeast penetrative foliation. The deposits are in dilation zones where the Mauch Shear (a) is intersected by a dextral east-west shear (Grid 2s), or (b) has a sinistral splay (Grid 4 and Renco). Close to these deposits, the Mauch Shear is in contact with a "greenstone belt", which is a possible source of crustal metamorphic ore fluids and gold. The Grid 2s deposit contains fine-grained, disseminated free gold, and small amounts of pyrrhotite, pyrite and chalcopyrite in quartz veins within third-order shears in K-feldspar granite. K-feldspar, sericitic, silicic, sulphidation and carbonate alteration characterizes the deposit, which has a proposed mantle-degassing model. The Grid 4 deposit is magmatic porphyry-type, with CuMo and Au in third- and fourth-order shears respectively. Mineralization comprises disseminated to semi-massive pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, bismuth, molybdenite and gold. Wall rock alteration includes biotitic, chloritic, silicic, sulphidation and carbonate. In Grid 2s, Grid 4 and Renco deposits, the alteration mineral assemblages are in three facies, which are granulite, amphibolte and greenschist. In the three deposits, the mineralization occurs with the amphibolite-facies, indicating post-peak, retrograde metamorphic conditions.
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4

Brake, Chris. "Tholeiitic magmatism in the Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12669.

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The Belingwe greenstone belt in southern Zimbabwe contains one of the most well preserved Archean volcanic successions in the world. The komatiites in this succession have been studied in great detail, but the associated basalts have received much less attention. A detailed study of these basalts in the Zeederbergs Formation has revealed the existence of a previously unrecognised lava type which has important implications for the petrogenesis of the suite. The Zeederbergs Formation and the underlying Reliance Formation form the 2.7 Ga Ngezi Group volcanics, which are underlain by thin, generally shallow water sediments of the Manjeri Formation. These in turn rest unconformably on 3.6 Ga and 2.9 Ga granitoid gneisses in the east and on older (2.9 Ga) greenstones in the west. The nature of the basal contact of the Ngezi Group volcanics on the sediments of the Manjeri Formation has been the subject of recent controversy, and is interpreted here as comformable. The type section of the Zeederbergs Formation in the Ngezi River is logged and described in detail for the first time. Combined with correlation of geochemical marker horizons in other sections this has led to a re-evaluation of the vertical thicknesses of the Zeederbergs Formation - estimated here to be approximately 3km. Study of the geochemical stratigraphy has revealed a horizon of basalts with low Zr/Nb and high CaO/Al₂O₃ compared to the rest of the formation. The basalts in this horizon are called Type II (as opposed to the Type I basalts which make up the majority of the formation). Examination of the petrography of the Zeederbergs Formation basalts has revealed that no subdivision into different rock types on petrographic grounds is practical. The lavas are generally fine grained, sparsely phyric and altered to hydrated low greenschist assemblages. The 'spheroids' in the lavas are considered in some detail, and are thought to represent products of spherulitic devitrification.

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5

Hunter, Morag. "The tectonic setting of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245104.

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6

Horstwood, Matthew Simon Anthony. "Stratigraphy, geochemistry and zircon geochronology of the Midlands Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246222.

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7

McKeagney, Catherine Judith. "Structural and alteration characteristics of the Indarama lode gold deposit, Zimbabwe : implications for craton-wide tectonism and mineralization." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264744.

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8

Scholey, Stephen Philip. "The geology and geochemistry of the Ngezi group volcanics, Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334443.

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9

Kerr, Charles Henry. "An integrated remote sensing and geophysical investigation of the Gwanda greenstone belt, southern Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243191.

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10

Hofmann, Axel. "Sedimentology and tectonic history of late Archaean sedimentary successions in Zimbabwe a study in greenstone belt geology /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://ArchiMeD.uni-mainz.de/pub/2002/0026/diss.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Greenstone belts – Zimbabwe"

1

Bickle, M. J. GEOLOGY BELINGWE GREENSTONE BELT (Geological Society of Zimbabwe, Special Publications 2). Taylor & Francis, 1993.

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2

A, Martin, M. J. Bickle, J. L. Orpen, and E. G. Nisbet. Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe: A Study of Archaean Continental Crust. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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3

A, Martin, M. J. Bickle, J. L. Orpen, and E. G. Nisbet. Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe: A Study of Archaean Continental Crust. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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A, Martin, M. J. Bickle, J. L. Orpen, and E. G. Nisbet. Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe: A Study of Archaean Continental Crust. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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5

Martin, A., M. J. Bickle, J. L. Orpen, and E. G. Nisbet. Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe: A Study of Archaean Continental Crust. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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6

G, Nisbet E., Arndt N. T, and Bickle M. J, eds. The Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe: A study of the evolution of Archaean continental crust. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Greenstone belts – Zimbabwe"

1

Collis, G. D., C. M. E. Moles, and I. Mazaiwana. "Exploration for gold by use of cyanide leach analytical techniques on soil samples in the Greenstone Belts of Zimbabwe." In African Mining ’91, 99–110. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3656-3_10.

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Chenjerai, K. G. "Geological setting of gold deposits in the Mutare Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe." In African Mining ’91, 337–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3656-3_34.

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3

Bickle, M. J., E. G. Nisbet, A. Martin, and J. L. Orpen. "Introduction: The Zimbabwe Craton and controversies over Archaean granite-greenstone terrains." In The Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, 1–11. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077596-1.

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Martin, A., E. G. Nisbet, M. J. Bickle, and J. L. Orpen. "Rock units and stratigraphy of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt: The complexity of the tectonic setting." In The Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, 13–37. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077596-2.

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5

Bickle, M. J., J. L. Orpen, E. G. Nisbet, and A. Martin. "Structure and metamorphism of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt and adjacent granite-gneiss terrain: The tectonic evolution of an Archaean craton." In The Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, 39–68. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077596-3.

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6

Orpen, J. L., A. Martin, M. J. Bickle, and E. G. Nisbet. "The Mtshingwe Group in the west: Andesites, basalts, komatiites and sediments of the Hokonui, Bend and Koodoovale Formations." In The Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, 69–86. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077596-4.

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Nisbet, E. G., M. J. Bickle, A. Martin, and J. L. Orpen. "Sedimentology of the Brooklands Formation, Zimbabwe: Development of an Archaean greenstone belt in a rifted graben." In The Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, 87–120. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077596-5.

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Nisbet, E. G., A. Martin, M. J. Bickle, and J. L. Orpen. "The Ngezi Group: Komatiites, basalts and stromatolites on continental crust." In The Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, 121–65. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077596-6.

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Chauvel, C., B. Dupré, and N. T. Arndt. "Pb and Nd isotopic correlation in Belingwe komatiites and basalts." In The Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, 167–74. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077596-7.

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Bickle, M. J., N. T. Arndt, E. G. Nisbet, J. L. Orpen, A. Martin, R. R. Keays, and R. Renner. "Geochemistry of the igneous rocks of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt: Alteration, contamination and petrogenesis." In The Geology of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, 175–213. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003077596-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Greenstone belts – Zimbabwe"

1

Sawada, Hikaru, Yusuke Sawaki, Tomohiko Sato, Takuya Saito, Wataru Fujisaki, Hisahiro Ueda, Shigenori Maruyama, Yukio Isozaki, and Shuhei Sakata. "GEOCHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS OF THE PALEOARCHEAN SHURUGWI GREENSTONE BELT IN THE ZIMBABWE CRATON." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287612.

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Ranganai, R. T. "Structural and Subsurface Relationships between the Fort Rixon Greenstone Belt and the Nalatale Granite Pluton, Zimbabwe, as derived from Gravity and Aeromagnetic Data." In 7th SAGA Biennial Technical Meeting and Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.143.4.2.

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