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Ward, Camille. "Greeting behavior between dogs in a dog park." Pet Behaviour Science, no. 10 (June 25, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/pbs.vi10.12314.
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I used naturalistic observations to explore patterns of greeting behavior between 58 off-leash dogs (Canis familiaris) at a dog park. Dogs greeting at a dog park entailed one or both dogs approaching, engaging inolfactory inspection, and then departing or, on occasion, engaging in play. Single-dog greetings, where one dog approached, were statistically more frequent than dual-dog greetings, where both dogs approached. In single-dog greetings, the dog initiating the greeting was significantly bigger and had body posture higher than or equal to that of the recipient dog. Play did not commonly follow greetings, and no incidents of aggression in conjunction with greetings were observed. Voluntary greeting times between dogs in this study were short (mean greet times between unleashed dogs were 6.042 ± 0.801 s). Reciprocated greetings, where both dogs engaged in olfactory inspections of the anogenital region, face/head, and/or inguinal region of the other dog, were not significantly more frequent than unreciprocated greetings, where only one of the dogs engaged in olfactory inspection. However, dogs in reciprocated greetings were more evenly matched in terms of weight than dogs in unreciprocated greetings. In 48.1% of dyads, greeting resulted in a significant change of body posture in one or both dogs. This change was from either a high or low posture at the beginning of the greeting to a neutral posture at the end in most cases. This suggests that greetings in domestic dogs may function in conflict management by reducing arousal and fear. In single-dog greetings, olfactory inspections varied statistically by greeter role (initiator vs. recipient of greeting). The applications of these finding to clinicians working in companion dog behavior are discussed.
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Waruwu, Desni Popintaria, Noveri Amal Jaya Harefa, Riana Riana, and Mastawati Ndruru. "ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN BENTUK KATA SAPAAN BAHASA NIAS DI DESA AMBUKHA." Jurnal Kata : Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pembelajarannya 12, no. 2 (2024): 191–97. https://doi.org/10.23960/kata.v12i2.129.
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This study aims to describe what forms of Nias greeting words are and what factors influence the use of Nias greeting words. This research uses qualitative research and the data analysis techniques used include three stages: reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that Fangowai (greeting) is an honor or greeting to someone or everyone. Fangowai (greeting) is not only used in everyday life, but greetings also have other forms such as greetings at traditional events, religious greetings, and greetings in kinship or family. Fangowai (greeting) in Nias language can be divided into two forms, namely first, kinship greeting which is a form of greeting to parents, siblings and other family members. Second, non-kinship greetings include four forms, namely general greetings, greetings in the field of custom, greetings in the field of religion, and greetings in the field of office. The factors that can influence the use of Nias greetings include situation, age, position, and kinship/family relations. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan apa saja bentuk-bentuk kata sapaan bahasa Nias dan apa faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan kata sapaan Nias. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi tiga tahap: reduksi, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Fangowai (sapaan) merupakan penghormatan atau pemberian salam kepada seseorang atau kesemua orang. Fangowai (sapaan) tidak hanya digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, namun sapaan juga memiliki bentuk lain seperti sapaan di acara adat, sapaan keagamaan, dan sapaan dalam kekerabatan atau keluarga. Fangowai (sapaan) Bahasa Nias dibedakan atas dua bentuk yaitu pertama, bentuk kata sapaan kekerabatan yang merupakan bentuk sapaan kepada orang tua, saudara dan keluarga lainnya. Kedua, bentuk kata sapaan nonkekerabatan yang meliputi emapat bentuk, yaitu sapaan umum, sapaan di bidang adat, sapaan bidang agama, dan sapaan di bidang jabatan. Adapun faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi penggunaan sapaan bahasa Nias, diantaranya faktor situasi, umur, jabatan, dan hubungan kekerabatan/keluarga.
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Dirgantara, Bany Galvin, and Hero Gunawan. "The Usage of Greetings Varieties at Widyatama Campus Environment: A Sociolinguistics Study." JL3T (Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching) 10, no. 1 (2024): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/jl3t.v10i1.8047.
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This Research discusses the types of greetings, Social Factors, and Social Dimensions in the Widyatama campus environment. This Research used a qualitative descriptive method. In analyzing the data, this Research used the theories about sociolinguistics from Wardaugh. The Research also used the theories about Diglossia from Ferguson, polite greetings from Levinson, Social greetings from Labov, and accommodative greetings from Giles. There are 10 data of Greetings in this research but only 3 data that will show in this research due to the data has already enough and can answer the research question. Greetings have different functions according to each type of Greeting, social factors, and social dimensions. They are to explain the participant's role in the usage of greetings in an academic context, to explain the social factors that influence the usage of greetings, and to show the social dimensions that influence greetings, the findings can divide types of greeting into three, which is polite greeting, social greetings, and accommodative greetings and the social factors and social dimension in each greeting.
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Wibowo, Ridha Mashudi, and Agustin Retnaningsih. "DINAMIKA BENTUK-BENTUK SAPAAN SEBAGAI REFLEKSI SIKAP BERBAHASA MASYARAKAT INDONESIA." Jurnal Humaniora 27, no. 3 (2016): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v27i3.10587.
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Greetings are one of the tangible proofs of human communications. One greets someone else because of the need to communicate. In this communication, the relationship between the two people communicating influences the choice of greeting forms. The selection of a greeting is assumed to be closely related to the language attitudes and perspectives of the speaker in positioning himself against the hearer. During its development, the use of greetings has shown a quite interesting dynamics. This comprises the development of greeting use, shift of greeting reference, and changes in the acts of greeting. This paper aims to describe the term of addressing used by the society, analiyzing manner and logic structure of the term of addressing, also the actualization and the dynamics of the usage of the term of addressing. Furthermore, to obtain varied data the author determines a population consisting of a number of groups, especially university students. This is with the assumption that in addition to their age level where they are highly productive in using greetings, it is also possible that they have example forms of greetings and acts of greeting. Using speech act theory in sociolinguistics approach data was achieved with observation method in questioner and cards of data. The result of classification was analized with introspection, comparation, and equal-referential method which is formed in formal and informal description. From a number of semi-closed questionnaires listing questions about attitudes and selections of greeting the author obtains some results. These are a mapping of common greeting forms used by people in general, the background of common greeting forms used by people, and the actualization as well as dynamics of the use of greeting forms in Indonesian speech society.
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Azahra, Siti Fatimah, and Siti Ainim Liusti. "Variasi Penggunaan Kata Sapaan Bahasa Minangkabau dalam Novel Mak Adang dari Nagari Keramat karya Andi Mulya." Persona: Kajian Bahasa dan Sastra 3, no. 2 (2024): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jpers.v3i2.212.
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This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of the variations in the usage of Minangkabau greetings in the novel Mak Adang dari Nagari Keramat by Andi Mulya. The variations in greeting usage encompass both kinship and non-kinship greetings. Kinship greetings encompass greetings that are based on relationships within the nuclear family as well as the extended family. On the other hand, non-kinship greetings consist of greetings that are based on customary, religious, and general situations. This research adopts a qualitative approach and utilizes descriptive methods. The data used in this study consist of the greeting words uttered by the speakers and their conversation partners in the novel Mak Adang dari Nagari Keramat by Andi Mulya. The data sources are the sentences in the novel that contain Minangakabau greeting words. The data collection process employed a listen and read method, along with recording techniques. Data validation was achieved through triangulation techniques. The research data were analyzed through the following stages: (1) data inventory stage; (2) data classification stage; (3) data description stage. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) there are 21 forms and usages of kinship greeting words, which consist of 10 forms of kinship greetings based on the nuclear family and 11 forms of kinship greetings based on the extended family. (2) There are 35 forms and usages of non-kinship greeting words, which consist of three forms of non-kinship greetings based on religious greetings, six forms of non-kinship greetings based on customary greetings, and 26 forms of non-kinship greetings based on general greetings.
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Atika, Istikhorini. "GREETING AND LEAVE TAKING AMONG NATIVE SASAK IN LOMBOK." Linguistik Indonesia 38, no. 1 (2020): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/li.v38i1.97.
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Greetings and leave-takings are conversational routine used to maintain person’s relationship in society. However, each culture may have different ways of expressing them. In English, the common greetings and leave-takings pattern used are time-free and time-bound greeting expressed by good afternoon, good evening, good night, nice to meet you and so forth. These are not found in Sasak, so they may cause problem for native Sasak speaker to understand another culture greetings and leave takings; conversely for non-native Sasak speaker who intends to learn them as well. The aim of this study is to find out the forms of greeting and leave taking that appear in Sasak. This study uses ethnography design. To collect the data, observation sheet is utilized. Then, using Haliday’s theory of time-free and time-bound greeting, the data is analyzed by comparing and contrasting greeting and leave-taking patterns used in English and Sasak. The result of the study indicates that Sasak types of greeting and leave taking consist of time-free and time-bound greeting. However, these forms are not exactly the same with common English greeting and leave-taking, they tend to be more phatic utterance (speech act which function to show solidarity and empathy). Therefore, the English curriculum linked with greeting and leave-taking material needs to be associated with Sasak greeting and leave-taking forms in order to create students’ better understanding.
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Nilsson, Jenny, Stefan Norrthon, Jan Lindström, and Camilla Wide. "Greetings as social action in Finland Swedish and Sweden Swedish service encounters – a pluricentric perspective." Intercultural Pragmatics 15, no. 1 (2018): 57–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2017-0030.
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Abstract While greetings are performed in all cultures and open most conversations, previous studies suggest that there are cross-cultural differences between different languages in greeting behavior. But do speakers of different national varieties of the same language organize and perform their greeting behavior in similar ways? In this study, we investigate the sequential organization of greetings in relation to gaze behavior in the two national varieties of Swedish: Sweden Swedish spoken in Sweden and Finland Swedish spoken in Finland. In recent years, the importance of studying pluricentric languages from a pragmatic perspective has been foregrounded, not least within the framework of variational pragmatics. To date, most studies have focused on structural differences between national varieties of pluricentric languages. With this study, we extend the scope of variational pragmatics through adding an interactional, micro perspective to the broader macro analysis typical of this field. For this study, we have analyzed patterns for greetings in 297 video-recorded service encounters, where staff and customers interact at theatre box offices and event booking venues in Sweden and Finland. The study shows that there are similarities and differences in greeting behavior between varieties. There is a strong preference for exchanging reciprocal verbal greetings, one at a time, in both. There is also a similar organization of the greeting sequence, where customer and staff establish mutual gaze prior to the verbal greetings, thus signaling availability for interaction. The duration of mutual gaze and the timing of the greeting, however, differ between the two varieties. We have also conducted a multi modal analysis of gaze behavior in correlation to the greeting. We found that the customers and staff in the Finland Swedish data share mutual gaze before and during the verbal greeting, and often avert gaze after the verbal greetings. However, in the Sweden Swedish data, the participants often avert gaze before the verbal greetings. Our results thus indicate that both similarities and differences in pragmatic routines and bodily behavior exist between the two national varieties of Swedish. The present study on greeting practices in Finland Swedish and Sweden Swedish should contribute to the field of variational pragmatics and to the development of pluricentric theory.
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Arumi, Sihindun, Sri Marmoah, Farida Nurhasanah, and Muhlis Fajar Wicaksana. "Variasi Sistem Sapaan di Instagram." Jurnal Ilmiah Dikdaya 13, no. 2 (2023): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/dikdaya.v13i2.539.
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This qualitative research found the type of Instagram greeting and the factors that influence the selection of greetings using data from greeting words in Instagram users' captions from accounts that appeared randomly on the researcher's home page. The methods used are observation, documentation, and content analysis, with researchers using a print screen or munch screen features on computers or mobile phones to document data. The study has identified around 106 greetings in 9 different types, with the greeting to mention loyal customers having the highest number and the kinship greeting being the second. Many bussiness, health, parenting, and daily activities accounts choose kinship greetings to foster closeness or familiarity with their potential targets. This study shows that Instagram is a potential social media to influence customer decisions with information about their business. While there are still opportunities for more specific research, this study contributes to understanding the variety of greetings on Instagram in general.
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Zakaria, Jelita, Ira Yuniati, and Erwin Fajar Wijaya. "Implikatur Tegur Sapa dalam Bahasa Melayu Bengkulu." LITERATUR: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pengajaran 1, no. 2 (2021): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/literatur.v1i2.2401.
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This study aims to describe the implicatures in Bengkulu Malay greetings in Teluk Segara District, Bengkulu City. The method used is descriptive method. Based on the results of the research on the greeting implicatures in the Bengkulu Malay language greeting in the Teluk Segara sub-district, Bengkulu City, it can be concluded that there are 22 greeting implicatures which are divided into two, namely, a) conversation implicature with 3 data; b) conventional implicature as many as 19 data.
 Keywords: Bengkulu Malay, Implicature, Greet Greetings
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Rwakakindo, Ibrahim D. "A sociolinguistic analysis of verbal greetings, address forms and paralinguistic behaviours in Kisubi." Language in Africa 2, no. 1 (2021): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2021-2-1-41-61.
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This paper analyses the greeting system of Kisubi. It specifically seeks: to identify temporal greeting patterns in Kisubi; to determine whether age and gender do dictate the kind of verbal greetings, address forms and paralinguistic behaviours that are used in particular greeting events; to examine different kinship-specific verbal greetings, address forms and paralinguistic behaviours that are used in particular greeting events; and lastly, to assess the role of context in the Kisubi greeting system. Observation and face-to-face interview methods were used to gather data from 36 participants who were obtained using snowball sampling technique, and afterwards they were stratified into different strata depending on age, gender and educational status of a person. This stratification led to the attainment of authentic data. The obtained data were subjected to content analysis from which different themes emerged. It was established that there are four temporal chunks in Kisubi, each of which is associated with its own greeting term. Age, gender, context and kinship relations also determine the type of greeting terms and the honorifics or deferential terms to use. However, the use of honorifics and/or deferential terms is declining gradually.
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Udiyana, Dilla Dwi, Puspa Djuwita, and Pebrian Tarmizi. "Implementasi Sapa Pagi dalam Pembinaan Etika Sosial Siswa SDN 52 Kota Bengkulu." JURIDIKDAS: Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Dasar 2, no. 3 (2020): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/juridikdas.2.3.194-201.
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This study aims to describe the implementation of morning greetings in the development to sosial ethics on cultural behavior 5S (smile, greetin, greeting, polite, and courteous). The type of research used is descriptive quantitative research with descriptive method and percentage technique. The subjects of the study were VB students of 26 student.The research instrument is qualitative research that is self researcher, assisted by observation and interview guides plus quesionnaire sheect. Technique analysis of observation data and interview in narration while quesionanaire data(tecnique ercentage). From the result of research with the detail of the research that carry out the 5S culture well as many as 18 student(69,23%),able to undestand the implementation of sapa thismorning to prove the existence of the relationship of the morning greeting and behavior of the student, as many as 24 student(92,30%)23 students (96,15%)were able to have greeting attitude,as many as 23 student(88,46%)23 students(88,46%) able to have polite attitude. So the cunclusion of this study is that it can be said that the students of VB class have been implementing culture 5S well.
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Perdana, Indra, and Achmad HP. "BANJARESE GREETINGS SYSTEM IN DISTRICT KAPUAS OF CENTRAL KALIMANTAN." IJLECR - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE EDUCATION AND CULTURE REVIEW 1, no. 2 (2015): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/ijlecr.012.17.
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Research on the study of the use of greeting in Banjarese which stay in Kapuas District of Central Borneo.This Research focused to describe the greeting word used by the people, particularly the greeting word in Banjarese used by the first generetion in Kapuas. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection by observation with a look at, involved notes. Sources of research data used is the preference of all speech that is displayed by 1) Aged over 30 years, 2) Native language studied. 3) Knowing its own culture, 4) The Banjarese are the first generation derived from Banjarmasin, 5) The Banjarese who had lived in Kapuas. Based on this research shows 1) Greetings kinship to greet our parents (father + mother) → (+ Uma Abah); Greetings kinship parents to greet our father and mother (grandfather + grandmother) → (kai + nini); Greetings kinship to greet parents our grandparents are corrected; Greetings kinship to greet both parents protested was waring; Greetings kinship to say hello (brother + sister) → (kaka + ading). Greetings kinship to say hello if our children have children (grandchildren) → (grandchildren); Greetings kinship to say hello if we have children and grandchildren is a great-grandfather. And 2) The system of daily greeting, to call people who may be called ikam lifetime, lives. I use the word, unda to appoint themselves. As for honor or call older used the word pian, and said ulun to appoint its own self.
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Cetin, Samet. "The Socio-Pragmatics of Greetings in Turkish Folktales." Fabula 63, no. 3-4 (2022): 309–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fabula-2022-0019.
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Abstract Greetings are linguistic and cultural universals. Every language and culture has a set of formulas or social and ritual acts practiced as greetings. Although cultural practices of greeting to achieve particular social goals may vary, the act of greeting, the paradigm itself, can be examined under two communicative functions. (1) trust/safety providing and (2) the power manipulation. This study examines greetings in Turkish folk tales and figures out their socio-pragmatic dynamics based on politeness theory and speech act theory.
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Andersson, Anton, Christofer Edling, and Jens Rydgren. ""In Sweden we shake hands" - but are we really." Sociologisk Forskning 54, no. 4 (2017): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37062/sf.54.18240.
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Motivated by a recent controversy over handshaking, a survey of the personal networks of young Swedes (n=2244) is used to describe greeting practices across social class, gender, immigrant background, and geographic location. While greeting practices in the sample are fairly uniform, there are also important differences. Handshaking is predominantly used by respondents with an immigrant background, men and women distinguish between greetings depending on the gender of the person they are greeting, and greeting practices differ between northern and southern Sweden as well as between rural and urban areas.
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Tabe, Camilla Arundie. "A Speech Act Analysis of Greetings in Cameroon Social Media." International Journal of English and Cultural Studies 7, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijecs.v7i1.6496.
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Various language practices occur in computer Mediated Communication era. E-greeting is singled out as a particular practice with its own linguistic forms on social media platforms. Among the social media users in Cameroon, it is undoubtedly observed that greeting is shared depending on the context, the social background, the space and familiarities of the interlocutors. Each speaker might find himself/herself tending to undertake this practice several times daily or occasionally once in contact with the audience. In this respect, greeting becomes one of the expressive acts mostly used in our daily life to acknowledge the presence of the addressee(s). The present work investigates the speech act of greetings in Cameroon Social Media. It aims at analyzing the most frequent verbal behaviours (greeting) associated with Francophone Cameroonian greetings which occur on Social Media platforms. The method used to elicit data were screenshots of messages on Meta (hereafter Facebook), WhatsApp and Messenger for statistical analysis. The corpus of the study forms a total of 436 both individual and group chats collected between 2020-2022.The results indicate that the type of greeting ‘good morning’ which is under time-bound greeting is the most frequently used form in Cameroon social media.
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Putu Istri Aryasuari, I. Gusti Ayu, I. Ketut Darma Laksana, and Ni Luh Nyoman Seri Malini. "JENIS-JENIS DAN BENTUK T-V YOBIKAKE OLEH REMAJA JEPANG." Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana 25, no. 2 (2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ling.2018.v25.i02.p03.
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This study aims to determine the types of greetings and forms of T-V greetings used by Japanese teenagers. Sources of data used are data in the form of questionnaires, list of questions, and supported by data sourced from Japanese movies and Japanese cartoons (anime).
 The theory used is the theory of types of yobikake according Hiromi and Theory T-V Brown-Gillman (1960). Methods and techniques of data provision are made with questionnaires and interview methods to Japanese adolescents. Methods and techniques of data analysis are performed by referential reference method. Methods and techniques of presentation of data analysis results use informal and formal methods.
 Result of research shows that there are three kinds of greeting found. The three types of greeting, personal pronouns 'ninshoo daimeshi', greeting of the suffixed name of self / form Mr / Mrs 'keishou', and greeting in the term kinship 'shinzoku yougomei'. The greetings that are found contain the T-V form. Greetings of personal pronoun of the form of T found are atashi, ore, boku, jibun, wa-shi, a-shi, wa-shitachi, atashitachi, oretachi, uchira, anta, omae, kimi, temee, omaetachi, and minna. Greetings personal pronouns of V form found are watakushi, watashi, watashitachi, anata, anatatachi, minasama and minasan. The greetings of suffixed self name containing T shapes are greetings with the suffixes ~ kun and ~ chan. The greetings of suffixed self name containing V-shapes, are greetings with suffixes ~ sama, ~ dono, and ~ san. Greetings in the term kinship that contain the form T are ojiichan, jiiji, obaachan, baaba, papa, oyaji, otou, mama, okaa, kaasan, onii, oniichan, oneechan, neechan, and imoutochan. Greetings in the term kinship containing the form V, are ojiisan, obaasan, otousan, okaasan, oniisan, ani, ane, otouto, and imouto.
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Jones, Lucas, Wilson Ha, Jennifer Cadnum, and Curtis Donskey. "What’s in a Handshake? Exploring the Best Form of Greeting to Prevent Hand to Hand Spread of Viruses." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (2020): s433—s434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1096.
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Background: Respiratory and enteric viruses are highly contagious pathogens that can be spread by contaminated hands and surfaces. We hypothesized that alternatives to handshake greetings that reduce the time and surface area of hand contact would be associated with decreased transfer of viral particles. Methods: In a simulation of hand-contact greetings, volunteers (N = 22) used a keyboard contaminated with the benign bacteriophage MS2 and then performed a handshake and fist bump with additional volunteers. To assess viral transfer, hands were cultured for MS2, and plaque-forming units (PFU) were compared for the different types of hand contact. Additional simulations (N = 10) were conducted to compare viral transfer with the fist bump versus a cruise tap greeting (ie, a modified fist bump involving single knuckle contact). Results: The handshake greeting resulted in significantly greater transfer of MS2 than the fist bump (1.31 vs 0.54 log10 PFUs, P < .001) (Fig. 1A), but the frequency of transfer of virus was high for both greetings (91% transfer by handshake vs 59% by fist bump). The cruise-tap greeting did not result in reduced transfer of viral particles in comparison to the fist bump (Fig. 1B), and the frequency of transfer remained high (70%). Conclusions: The fist-bump and cruise-tap greetings could potentially reduce transmission of viruses in comparison to the handshake, but transfer occurred frequently, even with these greeting methods. To eliminate hand-to-hand transmission of respiratory and enteric viruses, alternative greeting methods that do not involve physical contact are needed.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Astuti, Sri Puji. "Tegur Sapa Penjual dan Pembeli di Pasar Tradisional Surya Kusuma Semarang." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 13, no. 1 (2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.13.1.147-155.
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The market is where sellers and buyers meet. Meeting the sellers and buyers in traditional markets cause them to greet each other. For that purpose, they use the greeting word in interacting. What greetings are used in the traditional market of Surya Kusuma Semarang is discussed in this paper. Data collection was done by using observation method developed with basic technique of tapping and advanced technique in the form of notes technique and recording technique. Based on the results of research of greeting words used in traditional markets covers pronouns, relatives, limbs, title, profession, greeting intimate, and greeting where self. Speakers use greeting words by considering physical appearance, gender, and age. The greeting word is used by the seller to greet the buyer with the intention of captivating the buyer. Therefore, his merchandise is selling well
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Taat Kurnita Yeniningsih. "Children Motoric Development Through Variety of Greetings." Jurnal Serambi Ilmu 22, no. 1 (2024): 50–61. https://doi.org/10.32672/jsi.v22i1.1116.
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Types of greetings are the kinds of movements that result from the greeting processin the form of greetings to someone / another person which will have an impact onthe child's motoric skills from the various greeting movements. Variety of greetingsis synonymous with the diversity produced by the greeting itself, thus creatinggestures similar to greetings. The kinds of greetings referred to are in the form ofAssalamu'alaikum, movements of shaking hands, gestures of hugs and clappingmovements. The purpose of this study was to determine children's motoricdevelopment through the application of various greetings at IT Mon KutaKindergarten in Lambhuk Village, Banda Aceh. This is the qualitative research witha descriptive approach. Data collection techniques namely; through interviews andobservations. The data analysis technique in this study is a collection of data that hasbeen obtained from the results of children's observations that researchers have donesince the beginning of each aspect of research activities, the results that have beencollected are entered into the observation sheet. The results showed that thechildren's motoric development had started well. The motoric development of thechild is done through a variety of ways, namely that the child can mimic movementsand control movements. So, through various greetings activities can developchildren's motoric aspects.
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Arrasyid, Iqbal, Ermanto Ermanto, and Novia Juita. "PENGGUNAAN KATA SAPAAN BAHASA MINANGKABAU DI NAGARI KOTO SANI KECAMATAN X KOTO SINGKARAK KABUPATEN SOLOK." Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 6, no. 3 (2019): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/81037270.
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This study aims to describe (1) the form of kinship words, (2) the form of non-kinship greeting words, (3) the use of kinship words, and (4) the use of non-kinship greeting words in the Minangkabau language in Nagari Koto Sani District X Koto Singkarak Solok Regency used by speakers in everyday life. This study includes the type of qualitative research with descriptive methods. Sources of data from this study are oral sources from the people of Nagari Koto Sani District X Koto Solok Regency. The focus of this research is the Minangkabau language greeting in Nagari Koto Sani District X Koto Singkarak Solok Regency. Data collection is done by using the refer and proficient method. The steps in this study are transcribing the recorded data into written language, identifying data in accordance with the aspects studied, classifying research data by creating tables based on the aspects studied, interpreting data, and concluding data based on the results of the study. The results obtained in this study are First, the greeting of the nuclear family with 48 greeting words and broad family kinship words with 64 greeting words. Second, the word non-friendship greeting said non-religious friendship words there are 12 words of greeting, the word non-traditional friendship greeting there are 8 words of greeting, the word non-friendship address is 14 greeting words, and the word non-general address greetings are 15 greeting words.Keywords : kata sapaan, bahasa Minangkabau, Nagari Koto Sani
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Yeniningsih, Taat Kurnita, Nelvi Maulid, Hayati Hayati, et al. "Motoric Development of Children Through a Variety of Greetings." JURNAL SERAMBI ILMU 22, no. 1 (2021): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/si.v22i1.2672.
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Types of greetings are the kinds of movements that result from the greeting process in the form of greetings to someone / another person which will have an impact on the child's motoric skills from the various greeting movements. Variety of greetings is synonymous with the diversity produced by the greeting itself, thus creating gestures similar to greetings. The kinds of greetings referred to are in the form of Assalamu'alaikum, movements of shaking hands, gestures of hugs and clapping movements. The purpose of this study was to determine children's motoric development through the application of various greetings at IT Mon Kuta Kindergarten in Lambhuk Village, Banda Aceh. This research uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques, namely through interviews and observations. The data analysis technique in this study is a collection of data that has been obtained from the results of children's observations that researchers have done since the beginning of each aspect of research activities, the results that have been collected are entered into the observation sheet. The results showed that the children's motoric development had started well. The motoric development of the child is done through a variety of ways, namely that the child can mimic movements and control movements. So, through various greetings activities can develop children's motoric aspects.
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Elhami, Ali. "A Socio-pragmatic Perspective of Spanish and Persian Greeting." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 9 (2020): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1009.01.
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Due to an increasing number of migration of Iranians to Spain and language and cultural problems they might face in the new society, a model of socio-pragmatic contrastive analysis was used with the intention of comparing the Spanish and Persian verbal and nonverbal greeting forms with the aim of helping Iranian immigrant in Spain for having a better understanding of cultural differences in greeting forms. In this study, the naturalistic context was used for both Spanish and Persian forms of greeting. This study shows two Spanish and two Persian patterns for greetings to show the differences and similarities between Persian and Spanish greeting to be a help for Iranian immigrants who are newcomers in Spain to be able to adapt themselves to Spanish culture which greeting is a part of it.
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Sydykova, Ch, and M. Kinalieva. "Linguistic and Culturological Analysis of the Kyrgyz Speech Etiquette of Greeting." Bulletin of Science and Practice 11, no. 4 (2025): 513–26. https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/113/71.
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The article studies various formulae of the Kyrgyz speech etiquette of greeting. Within the scope of this work the lexical and semantic classification of greetings is provided and lingua-culturological comments are given. Greeting speech formulae constitute meaningful components of the speech act, since its fundamental function lies in its phatic function, and initiation of the polite and benevolent behaviour during communication, as well. Speech etiquette may depend on situation and context of the act of communication, such as: participants of communication act (status, gender, age), type of communication (formal/ informal), place and time (highly honored guests; time of a day etc.), theme and goal of communication (friendly relations, happy and unhappy events, etc.). In the Kyrgyz lingua-culture greeting formulas are used in compliance with the norms of etiquette behavior. Moreover, great variety of examples of the Kyrgyz speech etiquette of greetings is studied, which is used depending on situation and other parameters of act of communication. Specific attention is given to description of greetings in the Kyrgyz language that convey national and cultural shade explicitly, which is signified by ways of establishing contact. Lingua culturological analysis of the Kyrgyz speech etiquette of greeting is evidenced by illustrative material taken from classical literary works.
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Novendra, Novendra, Ermanto Ermanto, and Ngusman Ngusman. "PENGGUNAAN KATA SAPAAN BAHASA MINANGKABAU DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA MASYARAKAT DESA KAMPUNG BARU KECAMATAN PARIAMAN TENGAH KOTA PARIAMAN." Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 5, no. 1 (2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/898700.
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This study was conducted to describe the shape and use of kinship and unkinship greeting words in the language Minangkabau villagers of Kampung Baru.The use of the word greeting kinship consists of greeting based on the nuclear family and the extended family based. Greetings unkinship include common greeting, occupation, religion, and customs. The research is a qualitative research with descriptive methods. The informants are two women and one man.Background this study is the village of Kampung Baru Pariaman Tengah District Pariaman Downtown. The instrument of this study is the researchers themselves to use a tape recorder, recording sheet, and stationery. The data collection method used in this study conversation with fishing techniques. Data validation study using triangulation techniques. Analyzing data of this research through the following steps: (1) a data inventory phase; (2) the stage of data classification; (3) the stage of data description. The results of this study as follows: found (1) 82 shapes and the use of the word greeting kinship, which consists of 22 forms of the word greeting kinship based on the nuclear family, 60 shapes and the use of the word greeting kinship based on the extended family. (2) 41 shapes and the use of the word greeting unkinship, namely, 11 shapes and the use of the word common greeting, 13 shapes and the use of the word greeting positions, 12 shapes and the use of the word religious greeting, five shapes and using the customary greeting. Implications of the use of the word greeting Minangkabau language in terms of kinship and unkinship greeting word still used in accordance with the politeness prevailing in society the village of Kampung Baru.Keywords: greeting words, kinship, unkinship, implication, languange Minangkabau.
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Nur’aini, Hesti Indah Mifta, St Y. Slamet, and Budhi Setiawan. "Arabic Greeting Variations in Surakarta (Sociolinguistic Studies)." Hortatori : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 2, no. 1 (2019): 09–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/jh.v2i1.57.
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This study aims to describe the variation of the greeting words used by Arabians in Surakarta. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data in this research is the speech language used by the Arab ethnic community in Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon, Surakarta by searching for linguistic features on the variation of the word greeting. Sources of data were obtained from informants who were Arabs in Surakarta. Technique of data analysis using technique of padan. Based on analysis results can be concluded that the variation of Arabic greeting of Arabian community in Surakarta has its own peculiarities. Such distinctiveness is indicated through the greetings associated with pronouns, kinship, social status, and professions used by Arabs more still influenced by the Arabic element. Nevertheless, some of the greetings have shifted in Indonesian and Javanese.
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Goodness, Devet. "The Pragmatics and Sociolinguistics of Maasai Greetings." Utafiti 15, no. 1 (2020): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15010025.
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Abstract The speech act of greeting is one of the most frequent linguistic interactional routines performed among the Maasai of Arusha in Tanzania. The structure of their greetings demonstrates a number of culturally specific features of Maasai society, illuminated by analysing data collected through interviews and non-participatory observations of both men and women. The structure of Maasai greetings highlights the importance of maintaining gentility and exercising deference in everyday affairs. Politeness and civility are demonstrated by acknowledging vertical ranking between those who greet each other; sustaining propriety is determined by recognition of social status and by a heightened gender sensitivity which is ever present. Good manners are performed not only by following verbal codes scrupulously, such as tone of voice and word choice; non-verbal signals are just as important in the demonstration of Maasai etiquette; these include the posture adopted when a greeting is initiated, the adjustment of spatial distance and by whom once a greeting has commenced, the manner of shaking hands, as well as the length of time spent greeting.
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Bikmullinа, E. R. "Actualization of the speech genre of greetings in linguocultures of different-structured languages." Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 8, no. 2 (2022): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-100-111.
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The article is devoted to the speech genre of greetings and its actualization in the Russian and Chinese languages. According to M.M. Bakhtin, an outstanding philosopher, founder of the theory of speech genres, a person masters the language in the format of acquiring its “genre repertoire”. Such a repertoire includes speech genres − models of various types of statements, such as questions, congratulations, wishes, gratitude, etc. The choice of these genres is determined by the situation of interaction between communicants. Greeting is an indispensable ritual of speech etiquette, which is performed to maintain comfortable interaction between participants of communication in any linguoculture. The very pronunciation of a greeting or the use of an appropriate greeting gesture, or a ceremony, is an “actualization” of this speech genre marking a situation of meeting and initiating communication. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the approach to studying and comparing greetings of languages, which have different structures, mainly Russian and Chinese, within the framework of the theory of speech genres. The aim of this article is to find out and interpret the similarities and differences in the actualization of the speech genre of greeting from the point of view of linguoculturology, the branch of linguistics that studies manifestations of culture of an ethnic group reflected and entrenched in the language they speak. In order to carry out a comparison analysis, three types of greetings, traditionally offered in phrasebooks and foreign language teaching manuals, were selected, based on a high frequency of their use. These types are: 1) greetings common for a situation of formal style communication, 2) time-bound greetings, 3) those used in conversations between friends and family, i.e., close people who know each other quite well. The study revealed that in both languages, greetings of the first type contain the semes of wishes of well-being and hopes for health in Russian «Здравствуй(те)» and Chinese “你好”. In greetings of the second type, the similarity of forms and meanings is also traced. Bright differences in the forms of actualization of SG of greetings are observed among the third type of greeting. For example, in Chinese linguoculture there are greetings reflecting a special, respectful attitude of the Chinese people towards rice and food on the whole, for example, “你吃了吗?” (meaning “Did you eat?”).
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W.S., Hasanuddin. "Minangkabau Language Greeting System In Creative Text Works: A Case Study on Modern Indonesian Fiction Minangkabau Local Color and Lyrics of Popular Modern Minangkabau Songs." Humanus 19, no. 2 (2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/humanus.v19i2.108619.
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This article contains a discussion of the Minangkabau language greetings in the text of creative work. This discussion is a case study of how the Minangkabau greeting is used in modern Indonesian fiction of the local Minangkabau color and in the text or lyrics of popular modern Minangkabau songs. The word Minangkabau greeting, especially those that are semantic in the text of creative work, is used in certain situations that are closely related to factors of narrative, ethnicity, and kinship. Several types of semantic-style greetings are found in self-names, kinship, traditional titles, educational outcomes, positions, deeds, other greetings, and figures of speech. The use of Minangkabau greeting words in the text of creative works can be viewed positively because the text of creative works has indirectly functioned as (1) the documentation system for naming systems in the Minangkabau language, (2) the maintenance and development media for intangible cultural heritage in the form of Minangkabau language greetings . The maintenance and development of this intangible cultural heritage is important in view of the advances in science and technology, as well as the opening of the globalization stream which allows the tradition of using greetings in the Minangkabau language by the successor generation due to the influence of modernization and the lifestyle of modern (urban) societies.
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Santiar, Lea, and Jascha Dewangga. "The Usage of 'Otsukare' among Japanese Students." Chi'e: Journal of Japanese Learning and Teaching 9, no. 2 (2021): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/chie.v9i2.48999.
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Greetings are one of the keys to strike a conversation. The relationship between the speakers could be measured through the greetings used. Therefore understanding greeting usage is necessary for maintaining an interpersonal relationship. Nevertheless, there seems to be a difference between greetings thought within Japanese textbooks and greetings in daily usage. Thus, this study will discuss the usage of ‘otsukare’ in Japan, especially amongst Japanese university students. The textbook "Minna no Nihongo" will be used to comprehend how aisatsu is taught to Japanese language learners. In this research, Japanese university students will answer a questioner regarding the usage of ‘otsukare’. A questionnaire was designed based on sociolinguistics concepts to discover how Japanese university students use ‘otsukare’, such as when to whom, and in what manner. 40 university students of native Japanese participated and as the result, four points were discovered regarding the usage of ‘otsukare’ First, ‘otsukare’ is used to greet seniors, juniors, and friends. Second, native Japanese speakers prefer to use ‘otsukare’ on departing. Third, nevertheless, some people also use ‘otsukare’ to greet people as an opening greeting. Native Japanese speakers consider the usage of ‘otsukare’ in the morning as opening greetings is not against the rule of greetings. Finally, the gap between Japanese teaching abroad is that ‘otsukare’ is not proper to be used as an opening greeting.
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Sultan, Arni Arsyad. "ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN GREETINGS AS ADJACENCY PAIRS: A PRAGMATIC STUDY." Elite English and Literature Journal 7, no. 1 (2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/elite.v7i1a4.
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A speaker customarily opens the conversation by saying greeting to his or her interlocutor. At a glance, greetings maybe not a complicated activity but for the most part, they are highly conventionalized and follow patterned routines. Despite it, the pattern or sequence of greetings along with its type is dynamic and developed. The research aimed to describe the kinds of verbal and non-verbal greetings customarily shown in every exchange, to reveal the sequence of English and Indonesian greetings as adjacency pairs in social exchange. The data consists of English collected from "Twelve Years a Slave" while Indonesian data are obtained from observation, record, and field notes. Both of the data are analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method. The result of this research indicates that there are four types of Indonesian sequential greetings uncovered by Firth's theory, characterized by interjection-question, question-body language, interjection-invitation, and invitation. Each is used in a single utterance for each pair. Second, English data indicate the sequences of greetings uttered by first pair and second are symmetrical, body language preceding question, and body language, on the other hand, Indonesian greeting sequence, the researcher finds an asymmetrical pattern, question preceding question, body language, and visual response. Miscellaneous greeting sequences also appeared in both such as affirmation and facial expression, question and affirmation, affirmation and invitation, invitation and affirmation, and also question and direct answer.
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Mbenzi, Petrus Angula, and Justina Meluwa Latenda Amakali. "Iho popitha aantu? – Don’t you greet people?" JULACE: Journal of the University of Namibia Language Centre 3, no. 2 (2018): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/julace.v3i2.1389.
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This paper is intended to investigate the socio-pragmatic context of Oshiwambo greetings. There is a dearth of literature on the intricacies of Oshiwambo forms of greeting and the metamorphosis that it has undergone to date. Thus there is a need to investigate the present state of Oshiwambo greetings. The paper is pegged on Austin’s Speech Act theory that emphasizes that utterances are the production of words and sentences on particular occasions by particular speakers for particular purposes. In view of that, Oshiwambo greetings are expressed to convey a specific message to the addressee by the addressor. Two approaches were employed to collect information for this paper namely, ethnographic approach to gauge the impact of Euro-western culture on Oshiwambo greetings and, documentation to dissect the socio-pragmatic context of Oshiwambo forms of greetings. The paper focuses on the functions, situations and types of greeting that exist in Oshiwambo. It further focuses on the paralinguistic and extra-linguistic features which complement the forms of greetings. The analysis has shown that greetings are an integral part of interactional discourse and serve as a prelude to the establishments of social relationships and that they can vary according to the age of the interactants and the circumstances under which the greetings take place. The paper further reveals that there are circumstances in which no exchange of greeting is expected. In the final analysis the paper reveals that western culture has an effect on the extra-linguistic features which accompany greetings thus both verbal and non-verbal modes of greetings are partly westernized.
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Facci, Serena, and Alessandra Ciucci. "The Akazehe of Burundi: Polyphonic Interlocking Greetings and the Female Ceremonial. By Serena Facci. Translated by Alessandra Ciucci." Ethnomusicology Translations, no. 10 (April 24, 2020): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/emt.v0i10.30278.
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Akazehe is one of the names in Burundi for forms of sung greeting performed exclusively by women. Studies carried out during the colonial era (in particular Rodegem 1965, 1973) and in more recent times (Ndimurwanko 1985-6) have shown how the contents of these greetings among women are closely linked to the feminine world in which these greetings are used—in specific private and public spaces in accordance with rural tradition. Although these greetings were becoming less common at the time the research for this article was conducted, the author was able to record a number of akazehe after listening to examples of them in the sound archives of the Centre de civilisation burundaise.
 A greeting is defined by linguists as a formalized parenthesis that defines, reiterates, and encloses the relation between two participants. The formulaic character of a greeting makes it different from ordinary speech. In the case of the akazehe, the greeting emphasizes gestural and sound qualities to such an extent that it creates a veritable musical texture.
 This article presents transcriptions and analysis of some models of akazehe, focusing on one that features procedures of vocal interlocking. The two parts—gutera and kwakira—are organized according to musical rules that manifest a strong spirit of cooperation between the two women who sing the two parts in dialogue. Furthermore, well-defined rules of exchange for the two roles semantically remind us of the social equality between the two participants. The musical enrichment of the time reserved for the greeting is experienced as amusing by the performers. The greeting also represents an opportunity for artistic expression in a social reality that otherwise allows few performance spaces for women.
 
 Citation: Facci, Serena. The Akazehe of Burundi: Polyphonic Interlocking Greetings and the Female Ceremonial. Translated by Alessandria Ciucci. Ethnomusicology Translations, no. 10. Bloomington, IN: Society for Ethnomusicology, 2020.
 
 Originally published in Italian as "Akazehe del Burundi: saluti a incastro polifonico e cerimonialità femminile." In Polifonie: Procedimenti, tassonomi e forme: una reflessione a più voci, edited by Maurizio Agamennone, 123-61. Roma: Bulzoni Editore, 1996.
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Colmenares, Fernando. "Greeting Behaviour in Male Baboons, I: Communication, Reciprocity and Symmetry." Behaviour 113, no. 1-2 (1990): 81–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853990x00446.
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AbstractMatrilineal structures are typical of many species of Old World monkeys including the savanna baboon. Both isosexual dyads of females and heterosexual dyads frequently reach the stage of greatest social compatibility, i.e. grooming. Male dyads, in contrast, very rarely reach such stage, they show instead marked mutual intolerance and overt aggressive competition. Grooming and other forms of physical contact are fairly frequent between adult males in the patrilineal society of chimpanzees. In the hamadryas baboon, also with patrilineal organization, adult males do not groom with each other but they frequently exchange greeting interactions, particularly in contexts of excitement provoked by social tension. Species-specific differences (savanna versus desert baboons) in the morphology of greeting interactions have also been reported. The objective of this study was to examine the nature and function of this category of non-agonistic interactions recorded over a period of 9 years between 20 males members of a well-established colony of baboons, Papio hamadryas, P. cynocephaus and their hybrids, housed in a large, open enclosure in the Madrid Zoo. Greetings were conceptualized as interactions, i.e. in which each participant's action is examined in relation to that of the other interacting partner. A description and qualitative analysis were provided of the morphology (i.e. facial, vocal, manipulatory and contact, postural and orientation, and locomotory patterns) and properties (i.e. reciprocity/non-reciprocity, and symmetry/asymmetry) of greeting interactions. The most significant feature of greeting interactions was the three-stage pattern of performance observed, corresponding with the phases of approximation, proximity, and retreat. In each phase, characteristic behavioural patterns were displayed, some were quite stereotyped but others seemed to be rather influenced by the identity of, and social relationship of, the interacting males, and also by the immediate social context of the interaction. A quantitative analysis of 1583 greeting interactions and 1039 aggressive episodes between the 20 study males was then carried out. Individual males were assigned to one of the following classes of reproductive status: subadult (SA), follower (FW), new leader (NL), prime leader (PL), old leader (OL), and old follower (OFW). It was found a correlation between a male's status class and the frequency with which he played several different roles in greeting and aggressive interactions. Greeting interactions were typical of mature males (FWs, NLs, PLs, OLs, and OFWs), but very especially of reproductive males (NLs, PLs, and OLs). Their rate of participation (both as initiator and recipient) was positively related both to the size of their harem (e.g. prime leaders) and to the potentiality to increase the harem size by taking over new females (e.g. prime and new leaders). Males at its prime reproductive period (i.e. PLs) showed the highest rates of involvement in symmetrical greetings, and the males who were reaching that stage (i.e. NLs) were the ones who most frequently refused to reciprocate a greeting approach. As males approached the stages of higher reproductive potential their rates of symmetrical, i.e. non-contact and notifying, greetings increased. In contrast, the contact patterns observed during asymmetrical greetings were mostly displayed in interactions in which at least one of the participants was either an immature or a young nonreproductive (i.e. follower) male. Reproductive males, i.e. prime and new leaders, were the most frequent initiators and recipients of both greeting and aggression. Examination of the morphology of greeting interactions, particularly of the symmetrical and unreciprocated greetings, i.e. the approach/retreat non-contact pattern, that were typical of prime and new leader males, and of the contexts in which both aggression and many greeting episodes took place, i.e. agonistic conflicts and competition over resources, suggested that these two categories of behaviour might share some causal factors and that they might be regarded as two alternative strategies to deal with a similar problem, namely, the resolution of conflicts. In many cases, greeting may be regarded as a quasi-aggressive behaviour aimed at testing a potential or actual rival's tendencies in a competition situation rather than as a category of affiliative or friendly behaviour. Greeting in baboons is a nice example of a non-stereotyped behaviour in a higher animal, in which relational and interactional properties can be studied, and in which, as discussed in the paper, all the traditional ethological issues of causation, development, function, and evolution can be addressed.
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B, Lumoindong. "Forms of Greeting by Supporting Characters in Mark Twain's Novel: The Prince and The Pauper." AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora (E-ISSN 2745-4584) 4, no. 02 (2024): 808–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/almikraj.v4i02.4935.
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Starting a conversation by using greeting forms was considered polite when two people met. Greeting was very significant and cannot be avoided in a conversation situation. Conversation that begun with a greeting can produce good conversation construction at the next stage. One language will differ from another one in expressing its forms of greeting which, of course, were influenced by different conditions and societal backgrounds. This research was aimed at identifying, analyzing, and describing the forms and uses of greetings by the supporting characters in the novel entitled The Prince and the Pauper written by Mark Twain. The qualitative descriptive method was chosen in carrying out the research to explain in detail the results of the analysis of the research subjects’ utterances. The primary data for this research were the forms of greeting aroused from the conversation situations between the supporting characters in this novel. The data that have been obtained were then reduced, displayed and analyzed by referring to various backgrounds of the conversations that occurred, e.g.: situation, social status, position, and identity of the characters by paying attention to the concept of greeting that was proposed by Susan M. Ervin-Tripp. The results of this research showed that the forms of greeting used by the supporting characters in this novel matched or complied with the concept of greeting explained by Susan M. Ervin-Tripp.
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Gustianingsih, Alemina Perangin-Angin, and Arie Azhari Nasution. "The greeting system in the east coast Malay community In Central Tapanuli, Indonesia." Multidisciplinary Science Journal 7, no. 5 (2024): 2025155. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2025155.
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This study explores the importance of language as a communication tool and its role in social interactions, focusing on the use of greeting words in various contexts. Greetings are not merely used to address someone but also to confirm age range, politeness, and social relationships. There is to be a problem when young people talk with their parents because general greetings connot differ between people of the same age and those who are older. In addition, young people also switch their language from the local language to a general language such as Indonesian. Shifting times and culture are the main causes of young people’s problems. This study aimed to identify and preserve the greeting system in the East coastal Malay community in North Sumatera. Thus, the study used both primary and secondary data, in which qualitative description and data collection techniques include interviews, observations, documentation, and records. The result of this greeting does not differ significantly between greeting systems for people who have a family tie and those who do not have a family tie. In addition, the greeting system also has the same rule for greeting people who come from couples' families. Specifically, people in eastern coastal Malay also use the same rules to greet people from couples' family ties. This East Coast Malay language contains all five standardization values. This language includes norm and rules for language use. In addition, language is employed in everyday conversation, and conventional language is still used in some cases. There is a historical link that governs the language structure and determines the development of East Coast Malay. Language has visibility and usability that works nicely.
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Arrosyad, M. Iqbal, and Fandi Nugroho. "Development of Variations in Greetings Before and After Learning the Moral Character of Students in Elementary Schools." Dinamika Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar 12, no. 2 (2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/dinamika.v12i2.8233.
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The development of various greetings before and after learning is made to provide additional references and treatment from teachers to students in interesting learning. The purpose of this study was to describe the development of a variety of greetings before and after learning in Public Alementary Cchool 5 Mendo Barat. The research method used is the Research and Development method with the Thiagarajan Four-D development model which consists of four stages of research, namely (1) defining, including initial analysis, student analysis, concept analysis, and formulation of learning objectives; (2) planning (design) media selection, format selection, and preparation of various greeting media before and after learning; (3) development, including expert validation and testing; and (4) disseminate, including reproduction, socialization, and reflection. The results of this research. The definition stage 1) there is no media variation of greetings before and after learning; 2) lack of student moral character, and 3) teachers do not have information or references related to variations in greetings before and after learning. Researchers began to design a variety of greeting media with preface, table of contents, contents, author's biography, and back cover, on A4 paper size and 12 pt Garamond font. The variety of media greetings before and after learning resulted from the teacher's response to 93.33% of the process. It can be seen from the greeting activities before and after learning the moral character of students. The moral character is not indifferent when invited to discuss, resulting in 60% of the 20 students, the character of piety including a sense of responsibility and good cooperation of the students as much as 60%, the character of polite and respectful with students greeting by shaking hands every time they go to school, speaking politely 70% of teachers and friends, the character of manners in the form of like to help friends if asked for help as much as 70%.
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Nurhadi, Zikri Fachrul, Achmad Wildan Kurniawan, Abdul Rofi, and Iis Zilfah Adnan. "KOMUNIKASI KEBERAGAMAN TENTANG MAKNA UCAPAN SALAM OM SWASTIASTU ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA." Alhadharah: Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah 19, no. 1 (2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/alhadharah.v19i1.3859.
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This research is motivated by the phenomenon of the pros and cons of greeting Om Swastiastu among officials. The purpose of this study is to find and explain more deeply about the motives, experiences and meaning of Om Swastiastu's greetings for communication between religions. The research method used in this research is the phenomenology method. While the data collection techniques used are non-participant observation, in-depth interviews, literature study and documentation. The subjects of this study were government officials or apparatuses who said Om Swastiastu greeting, amounting to 7 people and taking informants using purposive sampling. The results showed that the future motives (in order motive) greetings from Om Swastiastu were self existence and tolerance and motives from the past (because motive) greetings from Om Swastiastu were due to internal encouragement, the spirit of nationality, a sense of nationalism and the principle of neutrality. While the experience of saying Om swastiastu greetings is divided into pleasant experiences (positive), that is feeling valued, getting new political relations, good treatment, sympathy and growing solidarity between people while the unpleasant experience (negative) is mandating unfavorable treatment, derision in the form of harsh words, criticism and stay away from and considered to have no stance. While the meaning of Om swastiastu's greetings is to pray for salvation in the Hindu version, a word of thanksgiving and a greeting.
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Astriani, Aveny Septi, Lazuardy Akbar Fauzan, and Yusuf Al-Arief. "LANGUE DES JEUNES: THE USE OF GREETINGS BY E-SPORTS PLAYERS." LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 17, no. 2 (2023): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ling.v17i2.17732.
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One of the media used by teenagers to greet each other is electronic sports. Through e-sports, teenagers wave greetings and express their thoughts in words or sentences. The greeting is closely related to the name and designation used to address people. This qualitative descriptive study discusses e-sports players' greetings, especially those on the E-sport Podcast YouTube channel. The data were collected from five transcribed videos by note-taking. Then, they were analyzed using the theory of greeting according to the theory of Crystal (1997) and Kridalaksana (1980). Finally, the data were presented in tabulation for easy understanding. Based on the data analysis, the greetings used by e-sport players include personal names, pronouns, other nouns, kinship, and other words to show annoyance or anger.
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Wafirah, Athifatul, Miftakhul Nur Arista, M. Sholahuddin, M. Kosim, and Nur Lailatul Musyafa’ah. "Pengucapan Salam Lintas Agama Menurut Ulama Jawa Timur." Al-Qanun: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam 23, no. 2 (2020): 238–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/alqanun.2020.23.2.238-272.
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This article discusses the Interfaith Greeting Prayer according to East Javanese scholars. What is meant by the ulama of East Java in this article are the ulama of the MUI and Muhammadiyah of East Java. The fatwa of the East Java MUI explains that saying interfaith greetings is haram based on Surah al-Baqoroh verse 42 and Surat al-Kafirun verse 6. While one Muhammadiyah figure thinks that interfaith greetings are allowed, if they are meant only as a greeting in an activity or speech state and does not contain the aim of grazing the creed, because it is part of the min an-nas hablun. However, if the saying of greetings across religions is a lot of harm, then the law is haram.
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Lim, Jin Young. "A study on Greetings in Japanese Middle School Textbooks in Korea." Korean Publishing Science Society 107 (August 30, 2022): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21732/skps.2022.107.83.
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This study analyzes Japanese greetings in five Japanese middle school textbooks in Korea based on revised government’s curriculum in 2015 by classifying them into 12 situations. The first thing that the study has found is that out of 36 greeting expressions suggested by the 2015 revised curriculum, just 15 greeting expressions are commonly presented in the five textbooks. Therefore, it is necessary to include the rest of the essential expressions in the future textbooks. Secondly, most of the greeting expressions are introduced in pictures. Thus, additional explanations including meanings, usages and detailed features must be included. Thirdly, the textbooks mostly present ‘friend-friend,’ ‘teacher-student,’ or ‘parent-kid’ conversations. But there are many greetings taken place in other relationships, so the textbooks need to add more diverse interactions between a wide range of speakers and listeners. Fourthly, most of the situated dialogues introduced in the textbooks happen in schools or homes. Therefore, it is necessary to present various situations taken place in many different places.
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Muhlisian, Asep Achmad, and Yayat Hidayat. "The Meaning of the Forming Elements of the Greeting 'Aisatsu' in Japanese." Chi'e: Journal of Japanese Learning and Teaching 11, no. 1 (2023): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/chie.v11i1.63325.
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Greetings are categorized as an essential element in daily communication in Japan. The Japanese language learners besides learning the language must be able to culture as well. In this study, we discuss the meaning of the forming elements of the greeting "aisatsu" in the Japanese language which was analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method by taking data sources from Nihongo Nooryoku Shiken Shutsudai Kizun as many as 31 expressions related to everyday greetings equivalent to elementary and intermediate levels. The results of the study found that after going through the sorting process based on the basic word and affix and then also describing the lexical meaning of each expression, it can be seen that there is a relationship between the forming of the expression and the meaning of the expression after being used as a greeting and both these basic expressions influence each other in forming greeting expressions or aisatsu in Japanese.
 Keywords :
 Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Japanese Education JournalJapanese ExpressionJapanese AisatsuJapanese Studies
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I Ketut Adi Lanang Iswara and Komang Dian Puspita Candra. "Speech Act Analysis of Greeting Form Found in Peacemaker Movie Series." ELYSIAN JOURNAL : English Literature, Linguistics and Translation Studies 4, no. 1 (2024): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36733/elysian.v4i1.5092.
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The chosen movie series Peacemaker are the subject of the investigation, this study entitled “Speech Act Analysis of Greeting Form found in Peacemaker Movie Series” the study focused on greeting utterance produced by each characters in the Peacemaker movie series and concerns with the illocutionary acts that occur in the character’s utterance. It is aimed (1) to find out the types of illocutionary acts in the Peacemaker movie series, and (2) to analyze the function and meaning of the illocutionary act produced by the characters in the movie series. This study used descriptive qualitative method inanalyze the types and the function and meaning of illocutionary acts proposed by theory from Searle’s (1979). The result of this study showed that most of the data are expressive illocutionary act, second is followed with directive illocutionary act and the last is declarative illocutionary act that found in the Peacemaker movie series, in greeting utterance is hard to found greeting utterance that consist with assertive illocutionary act and commissive illocutionary act. The study conclude that the speaker has reason when they need someone to do the action through their greeting utterance. People are not only producing the greeting utterance to communicate but from the greeting utterance also has purpose they want to deliver to the hearer in purpose to understand the meaning of the greetings itself in directform or indirect form.
 Keyword: greeting utterance, illocutionary act, movie series peacemaker
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Agus Sholahudin Shidiq and Farida Isroani. "Moderasi Beragama Lintas Agama dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam." ALADALAH: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora 1, no. 4 (2023): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.59246/aladalah.v1i4.721.
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Greetings are one of the opening expressions in communication. How can communication run smoothly, let alone build harmony between religious communities, if greetings as a means of greeting non-Muslims are prohibited? The East Java MUI's appeal, addressed specifically to officials not to say interfaith greetings at official events, has become controversial and polemic in many circles. From cyberspace to the real world, this issue is widely discussed. Apart from the many parties who are against this appeal, there are also quite a few parties who are pro. People who oppose this appeal argue that the interfaith greeting, which has long been practiced by officials when delivering remarks or speeches at official events which are not only attended by Muslims but also adherents of other religions, is an attitude of tolerance. between religious communities and has become a culture. Because human nature is to always want to live in goodness and peace. To realize this nature of mutual peace, a practical relationship is needed that can bring all humans together in a state of calm and peace. So that the word greeting becomes a prayer that humans are granted protection from all disasters and dangers that can befall them.
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Oktaviona, Alivia, Puspita Dewi, and Rosidah Alawiyah. "Meaning Analysis of Greeting Words for Kinship In the Society of Pariaman City." JISHUM : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 2, no. 1 (2023): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.57248/jishum.v2i1.255.
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Greetings are a part of speech commonly used in everyday life. Formal and informal language can be used to greet people. Greeting words can also be used as pronouns for other people in the communication process. This part of speech is used to address someone in both singular and plural forms. This research uses a type of qualitative research using descriptive methods focuses on a phenomenological perspective to understand the meaning of events and interactions between people in Pariaman Society. The objective of this research is to identify the types of greeting words used by the Pariaman community and analyze each meaning of the greeting words. The data sources of this research originated from various sources, including informants who were born and raised in the community life of Pariaman city, various scientific papers and books. In the data collection process, this research conducted interviews and read some information from data sources, then identified and classified the data. This study found that kinship greetings in Pariaman city society are divided into three parts based on the person to be addressed, including upper ego group, parallel to the ego, and lower ego group. Gender differences also affect the different forms of greeting words used by Pariaman people.
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Ngalimun. "Communication of Java Language in The Form of Transmigration Families in Kalimantan." Aksis : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2020): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/aksis.040104.
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This research will focus on the use of Javanese communication related to the form of family greetings that can be seen from the completeness of its elements. Javanese communication forms of family greetings are divided into three, namely: complete greeting forms, incomplete greeting forms, and a combination of complete greeting forms and incomplete greeting forms. Whereas based on the meanings and meanings of language communication, the form of family greetings can be in the form of self-names, kinship terms, paraban, national titles, adjective transpositions, and beatings. Factors that influence Javanese communication in the form of family greetings are the position of parents towards their children viewed from various aspects of course higher, but related to the use of the form of greeting it turns out that its use often shows a respectful form of greeting. This can be related to the role of the first person as a parent whose obligation is to educate and direct their children to be good children, who have good manners and can respect others and also their own parents. Other things that affect the form of family greetings are the first person, second person, third person, the meaning of the speaker, the color of the emotion, the tone of the speech, the subject, speech sequence, form of discourse, speech facilities, speech scenes, speech environment, and linguistic norms.
 
 Abstrak
 Penelitian ini akan difokuskan pada penggunaan komunikasi bahasa Jawa yang berkaitan dengan bentuk sapaan keluarga yangdapat dilihat dari kelengkapan unsur-unsurnya. Komunikasi bahasa Jawa bentuk sapaan keluarga dibedakan menjadi tiga, yaitu: bentuk sapaan lengkap, bentuk sapaan tak lengkap, dan gabungan bentuk sapaan lengkap dan bentuk sapaan tak lengkap. Sedangkan berdasarkan makna dan artinya komunikasi Bahasa bentuk sapaan keluarga dapat berupa nama diri, istilah kekerabatan, paraban, gelar kebangsawaan, transposisi ajektif dan poyokan. Faktoryang mempengaruhi komunikasi Bahasa Jawa dalam bentuk sapaan keluargaadalah posisi orang tua terhadap anak-anaknya dilihat dari berbagai segi tentunya lebih tinggi, namun berkaitan dengan pemakaian bentuk sapaan ternyata sering sekali penggunaannya justru menunjukan bentuk sapaan yang hormat. Hal ini dapat dikaitkan dengan peran orang pertama sebagai orang tua yang salah satu kewajibannya adalah mendidik dan mengarahkan anak-anaknya agar menjadi anak yang baik, yang memiliki sopan santun dan dapat menghormati orang lain dan juga orang tuanya sendiri. Hal lain yang mempengaruhi bentuk sapaan keluarga adalah orang pertama, orang kedua, orang ketiga, maksud penutur, warna emosi, nada suasana bicara, pokok pembicaraan, urutan bicara, bentuk wacana, sarana tutur, adegan tutur, lingkungan tutur, dan norma kebahasaan.
 Kata kunci: bentuk sapaan, komunikasi Bahasa Jawa
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Ladyanna, Sonezza. "SALAM DAN KINESIK DALAM BEBERAPA BAHASA." Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 11, no. 1 (2012): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2012.11103.
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Greetings, along with its kineses, vary from one language to another, showing the culture of the speakers. This article discusses the system of greetings with their kineses in several languages from different continents. The research was conducted by taking into account some environmental, geographical, and socio-cultural factors of the users of the languages. The method of the research is a combination of some linguistic methods and cultural methods. The use of greetings in Indonesian, Korean, Arabic, Hungarian, Spanish, Swedish, and Swahili has a relationship with the natural state of the speakers. The greeting system in relation to the time of morning, afternoon, evening, and night can be classified into two classes. People living in areas with the time division of the morning, afternoon, evening, and night tend to use clear time-based greeting.
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Opoola, Bolanle Tajudeen, and Jelili Adewale Adeoye. "A Sociolinguistic Consideration of Intermediation in Greeting Discourse among the Yòrúba of South West Nigeria." Journal of Language and Literature 19, no. 2 (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v19i2.2131.
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<p><em>Existing studies on Yorùbá greeting forms dwell on the appropriateness of their use, with respect to time of the year, event, condition, occupation, vocation, context, politeness and content. The studies portray greetings as discourse between two people or parties who are capable of exchanging pleasantries. None of the existing works has discussed intermediation in greeting discourse among the Yorùbá people such that greetings that are directed to the second person(s) such as toddlers, extremely sick persons, kings and the bereaved are answered on their behalf by a third party. This paper examines intermediation and the rationale in greeting discourse among the Yorùbá people. The data for this study were drawn from participant observation, Yorùbá literature texts, and Yorùbá home movies. The Mutual Contextual Beliefs Theory of Pragmatics as proposed by Bach and Harnish (1979) was adopted for the data analysis. The study established, among other things, that greetings are sacrosanct in Yorùbá culture and the answer/reply is obligatory, irrespective of the state, status, circumstance and condition of the person(s) being greeted. It is also shown that intermediation in greeting discourse could be for politeness, incapacitation, authority and educating the young ones.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>greetings, intermediation, cultural constraints, situational constraints</em></p><p>_________________________________________</p><p>DOI &gt; <a href="https://search.crossref.org/?q=10.24071%2Fjoll.2019.190207">https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.2019.190207</a></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p> </p>
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Juniati, Sri. "Penggunaan Kata Sapaan pada Percakapan Siswa SDN Langkang Lama Kecamatan Pulau Laut Timur Kabupaten Kotabaru." CENDEKIA: JURNAL ILMIAH PENDIDIKAN 8, no. 1 (2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33659/cip.v8i1.154.
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The purpose of this study is to describe the use of greeting words in the conversation of SDN Langkang Lama students in Kotabaru district? This type of research is the type of field research by presenting the data used in this study as a qualitative method. Because the data collected is in the form of words, picture sentences and not numbers. That was caused by the application of qualitative methods. Data sources in the implementation of this study were primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this study by observation, recording, listening and note taking. And data analysis techniques namely data recording transcripts, data translators, data analysis and finally draw conclusions. The results showed that the use of greetings in students 'conversation at SDN Langkang Lama, Kotabaru Regency, namely the greeting words of respect found in students' greetings to greet teachers and greet other students found as many as 29% who were included in the classification is very low. In the usual greeting words found in the speech of students to greet the teacher and greet other students found as many as 32% included in the low classification. In rough greeting words found in the speech of students to greet the teacher or other students found as many as 39% included in the low classification .
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Licoppe, Christian. "Skype appearances, multiple greetings and ‘coucou’." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 27, no. 3 (2017): 351–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.27.3.03lic.
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Abstract This paper analyses the organization of ‘openings’ in Skype video-mediated conversation. It uncovers order in their apparent complexity by showing the relevance of a particular sequential adjacent pair organization, the appearing/noticing sequence, and its particular instantiation as an appearance-for-the-first-time greeting. The paper shows how this is a crucial resource in establishing a joint video interactional frame for the parties involved. This accounts for the occurrence of some specific phenomena in Skype openings, such as multiple greetings, and for the use of greetings which reflexively index their being occasioned by an appearance and related greeting, such as the French ‘coucou’, even when these do not occur at the start of Skype calls. When analysed this way, Skype openings, though complex, can be seen as an accomplished ‘dance of appearances and multiple greetings’.
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Mamah, Juliana Ginika, Jacinta Ukamaka Eze, Bestman Esegbuyiota Odeh, and Ifeanyi John Nwosu. "Documentation of Endangered Dialect of the Igbo Language: Issues of Greetings in Enugwu Ezike Dialect." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 12, no. 1 (2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1201.13.
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This paper studies the documentation of endangered dialect of the Igbo language: Issues of greetings in Enugwu Ezike dialect. The objectives of the study are to identify different types of greetings in Enugwu Ezike, examine the extent to which other dialects, standard Igbo or English language are preferred in greetings in Enugwu Ezike and also to proffer measures through which the greeting patterns can be revitalised. The data for the study were gathered through introspection and unstructured oral interview. Using descriptive method of data analysis, the study discovers different types of greetings in Enugwu Ezike dialect ranging from daily greetings, greetings to the sick, farewell greetings, seasonal/ periodic greetings, eulogy/praise greetings etc. The study also discovers that many speakers of Enugwu Ezike dialect especially the younger generation prefer the greeting patterns of other dialects and languages. In order to avert this ugly phenomenon, the study suggests measures towards reviving this aspect of the dialect which are through documentation, awareness-raising through programs on radio and television stations, involving the young people via social media and the loyalty of the speakers towards their dialect. The study therefore recommends that researchers from Enugwu Ezike extraction should endeavour to work on other aspects of Enugwu Ezike dialect that is under threat of endangerment or outright extinction.