Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Greffage radicalaire'
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Flat, Jean-Jacques. "Nouveaux developpements dans le greffage radicalaire sur polypropylene a l'etat fondu." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13127.
Full textTessier, Lorraine. "GREFFAGE DE FILMS ORGANIQUES PAR POLYMERISATION RADICALAIRE ÉLECTRO-AMORCEE EN MILIEU AQUEUX DISPERSE." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462948.
Full textTessier, Lorraine. "Greffage de films organiques par polymérisation radicalaire électro-amorcée en milieu aqueux dispersé." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066561.
Full textHilton, Adam. "Erosion sélective et greffage de copolymères à blocs." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066158.
Full textBen, Aicha Ons. "Modification de surface des fibres de PA6,6 par greffage chimique." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-1-2.pdf.
Full textMenanteau, Thibaud. "Contrôle de la fonctionnalisation par réduction des sels de diazonium via le piégeage radicalaire." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0059/document.
Full textThe surface functionalization by diazonium salt reduction is a powerful grafting method. However, despite that this approach allows the preparation of robust materials, it leads to thick and unorganized organic films. In this context, we have developped a method allowing the grafting control in order to obtain films having controlled thickness. Based on the use of radical scavengers, this method gives access to monolayer formations on carbon substrates. The control strategy was then exploited to selectively block the radical grafting mechanism and allows to assess the role of non-radical mechanisms in the process. This study provided a better understanding of the layer growth, highlighting the impact of precursor substituent.This knowledge has been used to elaborate a multifunctional platform monolayer. The establishment of sutructure/properties relathionships revealed better performances for electronic transfert and electrocatalysis. Finally, the control method was transposed to the spontaneous grafting and gives similar results than those obtained for the electrochemical one. This approach was validated by the performance optimization of supercapacitor made of carbon powder
Badel, Thierry. "Synthèse de copolymères par greffage radicalaire de méthacrylate de méthyle sur polyoléfine par extrusion réactive, en vue de la nanostructuration." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00149291.
Full textBadel, Thierry Michel Alain Chaumont Philippe. "Synthèse de copolymères par greffage radicalaire de méthacrylate de méthyle sur polyoléfine par extrusion réactive, en vue de la nanostructuration." Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/14/92/91/PDF/PhD_Thierry_BADEL.pdf.
Full textBelekian, Denis. "Etude du greffage radicalaire de l'anhydride maléique sur le polyéthylène en milieu fondu et en présence de radicaux nitroxyle et/ou d'alcoxyamines." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871039.
Full textBelekian, Denis. "Etude du greffage radicalaire de l’anhydride maléique sur le polyéthylène en milieu fondu et en présence de radicaux nitroxyle et/ou d’alcoxyamines." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10104/document.
Full textThis work deals with melt grafting of maleic anhydride onto low density polyethylene using radical initiators which are able to abstract hydrogen from the polyolefin backbone. The use of a nitroxide radical as a termination reagent in presence of peroxide allowed to prevent the polyethylene crosslinking during the maleic anhydride grafting. Indeed, the polyethylene crosslinking is the main side reaction but the elimination of a small proportion of the reagents (monomer and nitroxide radical) through other side reactions seems to be unavoidable. The peroxide substitution by an alcoxyamine leaded to a higher grafted maleic anhydride rate for the same polyethylene rheological modification. Nevertheless, the thermal decomposition mechanism of the alcoxyamine which makes the grafting reaction possible is still uncertain
Akbar, Sohaib. "Greffage radicalaire de polyoléfines sur les nanotubes de carbone multi-parois : l'étude modèle et l'application pour la fabrication de composites PE et PP." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704446.
Full textGuimont, Aline. "Greffage de polydimethylsiloxane et de polyéthylène sur des feuillets de graphène oxydé : application à la synthèse de (nano)composites conducteurs." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10028/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to experiment and validate new means of graphene exfoliation in an elastomer matrix such as silicone (PDMS) and a thermoplastic matrix such as polyethylene (PE). Because of the low affinity of graphene oxide for these matrices due to its high polarity, its chemical modification was carried out. Different approaches were explored: the grafting of PDMS onto GO was carried out with success by a direct functionalization with a PDMS terminated triethoxysilane and by a catalytic hydrosilation reaction of a PDMS terminated Si-H onto vinyltrimethoxysilane modified GO. The viscoelastic behavior of GO and modified GO/PDMS suspensions showed the importance of the filler-filler interaction on the formation of a percolating network. The rheological percolation threshold of the GO/PDMS suspension was obtained at ~1.75 wt% with an aspect ratio (Af) of ~60. In addition, the grafting of PE onto GO was studied with the high temperature radical grafting of pentadecane formed by a hydrogen atom abstraction with a peroxide, which was then extrapolated to a low molecular PE (Mn~2000). Moreover, thio and azide functionnalized PE with a similar Mn were also grafted onto graphite derivatives by a radical and a Michael addition. After choosing the filler which presented the closest electrical conductivity to the one of graphite powder and a good affinity for a heptane media, a LDPE based nano-composite that presented suitable electrical properties for an electromagnetic shielding application (4 105 Ω.cm at 25 wt%) was obtained and this without any use of toxic reducing agents
Laruelle, Gael. "AUTO-ASSEMBLAGES REVERSIBLES PH-SENSIBLES DE COPOLYMERES AMPHIPHILES EN MILIEU AQUEUX." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369504.
Full textLa polymérisation par l'intermédiaire de nitroxyle , nous a permis de synthétiser des copolymères di-blocs classiques PS-b-PAA mais aussi un type de copolymère original constitué d'un bloc pur de PAA et d'un second bloc à gradient de composition PS-grad-PAA. Le passage d'agrégats gelés, pour les copolymères PS-b-PAA, à des micelles dynamiques et une micellisation réversible pH-sensible pour les copolymères à gradient de composition a été mis en évidence.
Nous avons aussi greffés chimiquement ces copolymères à gradient de composition sur des surfaces de silicium. Un comportement similaire à celui révélé en solution a alors été observé. Il est ainsi possible de moduler, de manière réversible, la structure de la surface selon le pH. A bas pH, on forme une surface rugueuse du fait de la présence d'agrégats et à pH basique on obtient une surface hydrophile homogène.
L'ensemble des résultats, que ce soit en solution ou sur des surfaces greffées, montrent la grande complexité de comportement de ce nouveau type de copolymère amphiphile et ouvre la voie à de nombreuses applications comme l'encapsulation ou le re-largage de principes actifs et formations de bio-récepteurs ou bio-capteurs.
Zidelmal, Nacim. "SILIPOLYSALEN : étude du greffage par polymérisation contrôlée de complexes de salen sur silicium pour une application en catalyse asymétrique hétérogène." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS058.
Full textChiral metal complexes of salen type are known for their efficient catalytic activity leading to the preparation of enantioselective enriched synthons. In accordance with the concept of green chemistry, one of the main challenge is to establish a procedure for the recovery and reuse of these catalysts. In this context, the objective of this work is to functionalize the silicon surface by grafting these catalysts by controlled polymerization especially by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) to facilitate their recovery and reuse.Thus, styrene copolymers containing 5 to 50 mol % of an disymmetric salen comonomer were synthesized by ATRP in solution. The controlled nature of the polymerizations is obtained only when the incorporation of the salen comonomer is less than or equal to 10%.After complexation with cobalt, these complexes are shown to be capable of effective cooperative activation, leading to the targeted product with high yields and selectivities as catalysts in Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution (HKR) of epibromohydrin.Constantio Constantini fratre imperatoris, matreque Galla.We also reported the polymerization of styrene on the silicon surface by ATRP after grafting of the initiator. Several methods of initiator grafting have been used either directly from the hydrogenated surface or indirectly from an acid or ester surface. Styrene has been successfully mass polymerized in a controlled manner on silicon with thicknesses of 9-29 nm of the layer obtained by ellipsometry and Atomic Force Microscopy
Pray-In, Yingrak. "Azlactome funchionalization of magnetic nanoparticles using CRP techniques and their bioconjugation." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1037/document.
Full textWe herein report the surface modification of magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) with copolymers containing active azlactone rings via a grafting ‘from’ and grafting ‘onto’ controlled radical polymerization (CRP) for use as a nano-solid support for immobilization with biomolecules. Three different approaches were presented as following. First, synthesis of poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-stat-2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PEGMA-stat-VDM)-grafted MNP via a grafting ‘from’ atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and its application as a platform for conjugating thymine peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomer were presented. The presence of polymeric shell and the immobilization of thymine PNA on MNP core were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. The second strategy is based on the synthesis of MNP grafted with PEGMA and VDM via ATRP for conjugation with folic acid (FA). The existence of PEGMA and VDM in the structure was characterized by FTIR, TGA and VSM. After the FA conjugation, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) results indicated that the FA-conjugated MNP having high VDM content exhibited good dispersibility in water.Third, the synthesis of MNP grafted with poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PEO-b-PVDM) block copolymer via a grafting ‘onto’ strategy and its application as recyclable magnetic nano-support for adsorption with antibody were studied. PEO-b-PVDM diblock copolymers were first synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and then grafted onto amino-functionalized MNP. TEM images and photo correlation spectroscopy (PCS) indicated an improvement in the particle dispersibility in water after coating with the copolymers. The nanoclusters with PEO-b-PVDM copolymer coating were used as recyclable magnetic nano-supports for adsorption with antibody
Sadik, Tarik. "Réactions Polyoléfines/ Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalérate) : des mélanges compatibilisés aux copolymères greffés." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET4025.
Full textThe main objective of this work is the development of innovative materials from renewable resources for the automotive industry. Polymer blends of polyolefins (POs) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were prepared through twin screw extruder process and studied. These polymer blends are non-miscible, then in order to optimize their final properties, compatibilizing agents were synthesized by reactive extrusion. On the one hand, functionalized polypropylene with various polar monomers and without significant molecular weight loss was synthesized with the aim to compatibilize PP/PHBV blends, on the other hand, poly(ethylene-co- vinylalcohol)-graft- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) was obtained by exchange reactions in the presence of an efficient catalyst and those in order to compatibilize PE/PHBV blends. Efficiency of these compatibilizers was investigated in the last part of this study which is dedicated to POs/PHBV polymer blends compatibilization. Materials with improved properties and finer morphologies than the non- compatibilized systems were obtained thanks to the compatibilizers
Zhang, Zhen. "Modification de la surface des nanocristaux de cellulose par estérification et polymérisation ATRP pour des applications avancées." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0653/document.
Full textIn this thesis, the surface functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) by esterification and ATRP reactions was envisaged, with the objective to develop novel advanced materials. A convenient method to characterize the polymers grafted on CNC by Si-ATRP has been first developed, based on DLS, DSC and TGA analyses. The efficiency of the SI-ATRP and SI-ARGET ATRP methods to initiate the grating of polystyrene (PS) or poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) at the CNC surface were then compared. The pH-responsive P4VP-g-CNC nano-hybrids were subsequently utilized to stabilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), in view of producing recyclable catalysts. The catalytic activity of the Au@P4VP-g-CNC material – tested with the reduction of 4-nitrophenol – was significantly improved compared with single AuNPs. UV-responsive poly(cinnamoyloxy ethyl methacrylate) (PCEM) polymers were also grafted on CNC, to produce particles with UV absorbing properties. The PCEM-g-CNC nano-hybrids obtained turned out to be efficient UV/thermal stabilizers and reinforcing agents in PVC films. Finally, a facile method to prepare colloidosomes from w/o inverse Pickering emulsions stabilized by cinnamate-modified CNC was proposed. Colloidosomes with robust shells and allowing the slow release of encapsulated molecules such as rhodamine B or fluorescent deoxyribonucleic acid were then obtained
Chabrol, Virginie. "Functionalized latex particles as substrates for metal mediated radical polymerization." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01012004.
Full textCuoq, Fabrice. "Fonctionnalisation d’un nouveau matériau pour le traitement de l’eau potable par floculation lestée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4337.
Full textThe purpose of this project was to improve a clarification process developed by VEOLIA Environment: The Actiflo®. The Actfilo® is based on adding microsand in the flocculation stage in order to increase the speed of sedimentation. However, a significant amount of polymeric flocculant is continuously added to the process, and residuals can be found in the decanted water. Our work was to graft a polymeric flocculant onto microsand in order to recycle the full hybrid material through hydrocycloning. Functionalization by "Grafting Onto" was based on grafting a commercial polymer onto microsand whereas “Grafting From” was based on surface-initiated polymerization. Flocculation properties of functionalized microsands were then tested in conventional coagulation/flocculation tests where the effectiveness of the two grafting methods was compared. Cationic functionalized sands, obtained by “Grafting From”, exhibit the best properties as a decrease of Dissolved Organic Carbon of 25% was reached whereas a decrease of 15% was reached by adding free polymer or adding sands from the “Grafting Onto” method. However final turbidity value was always slightly lower for the flocculation that occured when free polymer was added (- 0,5 NTU). Finally, regeneration processes to recycle the functionalized sands were established. The most effective of them being a treatment with Oxalic Acid. This treatment allowed us to regenerate flocculating properties of functionalized sands twice
Galindo, Christophe. "Etudes des mécanismes radicalaires de greffage lors de la synthèse de polystyrène choc." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11045.
Full textRakotonirina, Mamy Daniel. "Modification chimique de polymères par des dérivés acyloxyimides en extrusion réactive." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0299.
Full textPost-functionalization is a technique which allows to introduce specific properties to polymers whose intrinsic characteristics are limited for a defined application. It has become an appropriate tool to answer the strong demand for performance materials that is constantly growing. Among the post-functionalization methods, one of the most exploited is the radical grafting of the polymers in the molten state by reactive extrusion (T> 160 ° C). In this type of process, a radical precursor called grafting agent is used to graft functional units (monomers) onto the polymer backbone. In this context, the conventional grafting agents used in extrusion are peroxides. However, the radicals generated by peroxide compounds often lead to side reactions, particularly crosslinking reactions of the polymer chains which limit the efficiency of the process. Thus, finding a new family of grafting agents remains a challenge to optimize these extrusion systems. In this research work, the main objective is to use new grafting agents based on acetoxyphthalimide (NAPI) for extrusion. To reach this goal, our strategy is based on a multidisciplinary approach which presents a theoretical study by chemical modeling and an experimental approach by the synthesis and the reactivity study of the targeted structures. To validate the concept, polyethylene, polyamide and polylactic acid post-functionalization tests through these new grafting agents have been carried out. The results obtained have shown that these NAPI derivatives are efficient to graft monomers and to reduce the crosslinking reaction compared to peroxide agents
Rakotonirina, Mamy Daniel. "Modification chimique de polymères par des dérivés acyloxyimides en extrusion réactive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0299.
Full textPost-functionalization is a technique which allows to introduce specific properties to polymers whose intrinsic characteristics are limited for a defined application. It has become an appropriate tool to answer the strong demand for performance materials that is constantly growing. Among the post-functionalization methods, one of the most exploited is the radical grafting of the polymers in the molten state by reactive extrusion (T> 160 ° C). In this type of process, a radical precursor called grafting agent is used to graft functional units (monomers) onto the polymer backbone. In this context, the conventional grafting agents used in extrusion are peroxides. However, the radicals generated by peroxide compounds often lead to side reactions, particularly crosslinking reactions of the polymer chains which limit the efficiency of the process. Thus, finding a new family of grafting agents remains a challenge to optimize these extrusion systems. In this research work, the main objective is to use new grafting agents based on acetoxyphthalimide (NAPI) for extrusion. To reach this goal, our strategy is based on a multidisciplinary approach which presents a theoretical study by chemical modeling and an experimental approach by the synthesis and the reactivity study of the targeted structures. To validate the concept, polyethylene, polyamide and polylactic acid post-functionalization tests through these new grafting agents have been carried out. The results obtained have shown that these NAPI derivatives are efficient to graft monomers and to reduce the crosslinking reaction compared to peroxide agents
Nicolas, Mathieu. "Synthèse de copolymères ioniques réactifs pour la fonctionnalisation de nanocellulose : application au développement de membranes échangeuses d’ions." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03789605.
Full textIon exchange membranes (or electrolyte membranes) currently used in electrochemical storage devices (batteries and fuel cells) are generally the result of a polluting, complex and expensive synthesis. The most studied architecture is a perfluorosulfonated ionomer known as Nafion, which fulfills almost all the prerequisites of a high-performance ion membrane: high mechanical and thermochemical resistance, high ionic conduction and low swelling. Nanocellulose is a biosourced polymer material that can be used for the production of membranes, also called nanopapers with excellent mechanical strength. However, these materials must be chemically modified to fulfill the role of a polymer electrolyte membrane. The objective of this thesis is therefore to synthesize new electrolyte membranes from the surface grafting of reactive copolyélectrolytes to nanocelluloses. This “grafting onto” technique is based on the presence of reactive primary amine functions within the copolyélectrolyte. These may react by reductive amination with aldehyde functions located on the surface of nanocelluloses and previously introduced by a sodium periodate (NaIO4) oxidation step. In the first place, radical copolymerization was used to synthesize these reactive polyelectrolytes following two distinct approaches. The first approach consisted in modifying a poly(styrene sulfonate)-co-poly(acrylamide) precopolymer (PSS-PAA) by the Hofmann reaction to form a poly(styrene sulfonate)-co-poly(vinylamine) (PSS-PVAm) containing between 6 and 58% of amine functions. The second approach was based on the chemical modification of a poly(styrene sulfonate)-co-poly(chloromethyl styrene) copolymer (PSS-PCMS) by a diamine via nucleophilic substitution to obtain the amino derivative poly(styrene sulfonate)-co-poly(benzylamine) (PSS-PBA). In a second part, the grafting of commercial polyamines and synthetized copolyelectrolytes onto oxidized nanocelluloses by reductive amination was studied. In particular, it was shown that the amount of grafted commercial polyamine could be simply adjusted with the main experimental parameters, reaching an IEC of 4.5 meq/g. However, the grafting of the synthesized copolyelectrolytes was limited by issues of solubilization of cellulosic fragments. The study of the influence of the membrane composition on ionic conductivity and mechanical properties showed an increase in conductivity up to 1.1 mS/cm (3.1 meq/g), while the maximum tensile strength (4.0 MPa) was measured for an intermediate IEC value of 1.6 meq/g
Moreira, Guillaume. "Synthèse de copolymères greffés d'acétate de cellulose-g-PS par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4719.
Full textIn order to respond to the fossil resources depletion, a particular attention was paid to the use of renewable resources since several years. In this context, many researches focus on the use of polysaccharides such as cellulose. These compounds are attractive because of their abundance, low cost and biodegradability. On the other hand, these polymers suffer from weak mechanical resistance limiting their practical applications. Grafting synthetic polymers chains on these natural polymers is an alternative to this problem. Nevertheless, grafting strategies described in the literature involve certain limitations such as the difficulty of implementation, the toxicity of the used methods, the great number of synthesis steps or the control of molar mass. Moreover, the characterization of these complex architectures remains delicate in order to prove the covalent grafting of chains on the polysaccharide. In line with this research context, the topic of this thesis concerns the development of a robust method for cellulose acetate polymer grafting. Moreover, the selected method has to be easy to implement, with a possible application as a compatibilizer for blending of polystyrene and cellulose acetate. In order to achieve this purpose, our strategy is based on the use of Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP) where particular attention was paid to the structural characterization of synthesized materials (solid state NMR, DOSY NMR, ESR, SEC of grafts, DLS and DSC)
Moreira, Guillaume. "Synthèse de copolymères greffés d'acétate de cellulose-g-PS par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4719.
Full textIn order to respond to the fossil resources depletion, a particular attention was paid to the use of renewable resources since several years. In this context, many researches focus on the use of polysaccharides such as cellulose. These compounds are attractive because of their abundance, low cost and biodegradability. On the other hand, these polymers suffer from weak mechanical resistance limiting their practical applications. Grafting synthetic polymers chains on these natural polymers is an alternative to this problem. Nevertheless, grafting strategies described in the literature involve certain limitations such as the difficulty of implementation, the toxicity of the used methods, the great number of synthesis steps or the control of molar mass. Moreover, the characterization of these complex architectures remains delicate in order to prove the covalent grafting of chains on the polysaccharide. In line with this research context, the topic of this thesis concerns the development of a robust method for cellulose acetate polymer grafting. Moreover, the selected method has to be easy to implement, with a possible application as a compatibilizer for blending of polystyrene and cellulose acetate. In order to achieve this purpose, our strategy is based on the use of Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP) where particular attention was paid to the structural characterization of synthesized materials (solid state NMR, DOSY NMR, ESR, SEC of grafts, DLS and DSC)