Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Greffe chimère'
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Mimault, Benoît. "Modifications géniques des cellules du tube neural : implication dans le développement myogénique des somites." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2074.
Full textIn embryogenesis the skeletal myogenesis takes place in somites after the myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) activation. This process depends on environmental cues. Out of MRF, the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7 which belong to the same factor family are also involved in myogenesis. They are both expressed in somites and neural tube. Their somitic influence from the neural tube is poorly documented. We demonstrate that the neural Pax3 upregulation leads to inactivation of the MRF MyoD and Myf5, and of the Wnt11 gene in the somites. The neural Pax7 upregulation only leads to Wnt11 and Sim1 misregulation. The neural downregulation of Pax3 has no effects about somites. When Pax3 is totally absent in neural tube through Pax3 deletion, Myf5 is no more activated in somites. The neural downregulation of Pax7 leads to the misregulation of Sim1 and Wnt11. It seems that the neural Pax3 acts on epaxial somite (via Myf5, MyoD, and Wnt11) and Pax7 on epaxial and hypaxial somite(via Wnt11 and Sim1). Our results must do accept that Pax3 and Pax7 influence somitic myogenesis from the neural tube. Otherwise we can induce in neural cells the ectopic expression of myogenic genes (MyoD, Wnt11, and Sim1). Consequently we propose a new scheme about the neural tube/somite interactions
Larochelle, Fannie. "Études immunologiques après la greffe d'équivalents épidermiques chimères, syngéniques-allogéniques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0010/MQ31746.pdf.
Full textLafarge, Jérôme. "Greffage de copolymères antibactériens sur des surfaces PVC par chimie Click." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840218.
Full textFébrer, Florence. "Étude du chimérisme aprés greffe de moelle allogénique : intérêt d'une sonde moléculaire spécifique du chromosome Y (12 observations)." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23013.
Full textGehrke, Christophe. "Hybridation in situ fluorescente à l'aide de sondes alphoïdes des chromosomes x et y : intérêt dans l'étude du chimérisme hématopoïétique après greffe allogénique de moelle osseuse." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P006.
Full textComien, Philippe. "Mécanismes d'adhésion de polyoléfines greffées." Mulhouse, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MULH0043.
Full textBarakat, Waël. "Chimie de coordination supramoléculaire avec des porphyrines à anses greffées en positions méso 5,10." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S049.
Full textThis thesis work concerns the synthesis of 5,10 single and bis-strapped porphyrin ligands (6, 11, 8i and 14i) bearing an overhung carboxylic acid group with/without an additional functional group (cyano and pyridine). The 5,10 meso linkage promotes a flexibility of the strap which allows the carboxylic acid group to be in two identified positions (in/out). The synthesis and characterization of the compounds are discussed in details, and the coordination of the ligands (6, 11, and 8i) with metals Zn(II), Hg(II), Pb(II) and Bi(III) have been investigated. In the case of Zn(II), five-coordinated metal in a square pyramidal geometry, the metal was stabilized by either an intramolecular carboxylic acid group or an exogenous molecule (DMSO or H2O). In the case of Hg(II), both monometallic and bimetallic species were obtained where for lead, two monometallic species were formed in which Pb(II) is coordinated from the same / opposite side of the strap with different ratios. Finally, Bi(III) promotes a new second sphere of coordination which is responsible for the side selective insertion of the metal. Beside, a transmetalation process speeds up the kinetic insertion of bismuth. In addition, the presence of a cyano group in the α position of the carboxylic acid group creates a steric effect on coordination (in case of Pb(II)) which forces the metal to coordinate from the opposite side of the strap
Souaid, Eddy. "De la chimie prébiotique à l'élaboration de nanomatériaux : synthèse et caractérisation de poly-lysines dendrimère greffés." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20230.
Full textWhen copolymerizing -aminoacids-NCA in water at pH 6. 5, the formation of hydrosoluble copolypeptides was observed. That proves that the concept described by the primary pump for peptide synthesis is valid. During the copolymerization, the competitive formation of hydrophobic peptides with narrow molar mass distribution was observed. These peptides can be easily separated from the reaction medium. In the second part of this work, we used this observation for synthesizing original nanomaterials with auto-controlled structures (namely the dendrigraft polylysines, DGPK). The auto-control of the structure and the reproducibility in the synthesis were ensured the hydrophobicity and the precipitation of the intermediate compounds obtained at each generation. The DGPK were characterized by different techniques such as MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography coupled to a double or a triple detection, NMR, and Taylor diffusion analysis. DGPK are highly branched materials with physico-chemical behaviour close to dendrimers of functionality 3 (exponential growth of the molar mass and linear variation of the hydrodynamic radius with the generation, maximum of intrinsic viscosity for the fourth generation)
Hilton, Adam. "Erosion sélective et greffage de copolymères à blocs." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066158.
Full textKhalil, Mohammed. "Interaction d'espèces ioniques avec la surface d'une silice greffée apolaire : leur influence en chromatographie en phase liquide." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10019.
Full textDe, Leener Gaël. "Nouveaux complexes biomimétiques dérivés de calix[6]azacryptands :étude des effets de seconde sphère et greffage sur surface." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/228642.
Full textPlus de 30% des enzymes présentent un ion métallique dans leur site actif qui est la clé pour les réactions de catalyse. Une sous-famille d’enzymes comporte un site actif où un seul ion métallique (Zn2+ ou Cun+) est coordiné à un cœur polyhistidine. L’élaboration de composés modèles est important pour la compréhension des mécanismes fondamentaux impliqués dans le cycle biocatalytique de ces enzymes mononucléaires. Dans ce contexte, nous avons développé des ligands basés sur des calix[6]arènes présentant un chapeau polyazoté lié de manière covalente au macrocycle. Ces ligands offrent un site de coordination pour le métal et une cavité hydrophobe bien définie. Cet assemblage permet et contrôle la liaison d’un ligand exogène dans la cavité. Afin de moduler les propriétés des complexes métalliques calixaréniques basés sur une unité coordinante tren (tris(2-aminoéthyl)amine), nous avons synthétisé avec succès et étudié plusieurs nouveaux récepteurs calix[6]aréniques.La synthèse de récepteurs bisétagés, le calix[6]amido-tren et le calix[6]amido-tacn, a permis de modifier la seconde sphère de coordination par incorporation de groupements amide entre la cavité et le site de coordination. Cette stratégie s’est avérée efficace. En effet, la coordination d’anions au centre métallique a été mise en évidence et en particulier celle simultanée de deux Cl pour le Cu-calix[6]amido-tren. Cette coordination d’un ou plusieurs invités anioniques était impossible dans le cas du calix[6]tren parent qui présente une seconde sphère de coordination électroniquement dense et un chapeau trop petit pour y accueillir plusieurs invités. La présence de groupements carbonyle entre la chapeau tren et le calixarène modifie également le comportement des complexes :leur coordination au centre métallique entre en compétition avec celle d’invités exogènes. L’oxydation d’amines encombrées sous O2 en hydroxylamines et oximes a été réalisée par la réduction du complexe cuivrique du calix[6]amido-tren par électrochimie. Ce type d’amines n’est pas oxydable par l’adduit superoxo du complexe parent, dû à la taille de la cavité qui empêche la coordination d’invités encombrés. De plus, la formation d’un adduit superoxo a été mise en évidence qualitativement au départ du complexe cuivreux isolé de ce même composé. Ces résultats permettent d’envisager des études de réactivité mimant le site actif des enzymes PHM et DβM par exemple. Enfin, une comparaison des propriétés hôte-invité et de la réactivité des complexes du calix[6]amido-tren avec celles des complexes du calix[6]amido-tacn a été réalisée afin d’évaluer l’impact de la nature du chapeau polyazoté sur les propriétés hôte-invité et la réactivité de ces complexes.Une méthodologie de déméthylation assistée de manière supramoléculaire a été développée pour différents calix[6]azacryptands chapeautés. Celle-ci a ensuite été appliquée avec succès à la déméthylation du calix[6]tren pour obtenir le calix[6]trentrisPhOH. Ce récepteur a montré un comportement très différent de celui du récepteur parent. En effet, la complexation d’anions et d’ammoniums biologiquement pertinents a été possible par ce récepteur protonné. L’interaction entre le centre métallique et les phénates en présence de base a conduit à la réalisation d’un switch moléculaire multi-étapes entre différents états de protonation du récepteur et du complexe zincique. Son complexe cuivrique a montré la présence d’un radical phénoxyle après oxydation du phénate. Cette espèce CuII-radical phénoxyle mime la forme oxydée du site actif de la galactose oxydase, catalysant l’oxydation d’alcools en aldéhydes. Ces résultats ouvrent donc la voie à de nouvelles perspectives pour les études de réactivité de ce composé.Un analogue du calix[6]tren, porteur d’un bras avec une fonction réactive sur le chapeau, a été synthétisé et complexé au cuivre avant d’être immobilisé sur surface via la formation de monocouches. Les électrodes ainsi modifiées ont été étudiées en milieu organique et aqueux. En milieu organique, les propriétés hôte-invité du calix[6]tren sont conservées après immobilisation. En milieu aqueux, un système redox réversible a été observé. Celui-ci a permis la détection sélective d’alkylamines linéaires par le système à pH basique. A notre connaissance, il s’agit du premier système supramoléculaire à cuivre, immobilisé sur surface, qui permet cette détection en milieu aqueux.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Wang, Yun. "Catalyseurs d'oxydation en conditions de chimie verte : métaux non toxiques, eau oxygénée, transformation de la biomasse, recyclage par greffage." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30241.
Full textIn order to develop a chemistry more respectful of the environment, access to sustainable processes is mandatory. More specifically, in the field of oxidation chemistry, use of toxic oxidants has to be banished, use of solvents limited and reusable catalysts developed. In this context, two types of greener approaches have been explored. The first approach concerns removal or replacement of acetic acid, an additive - in association with H2O2, favoring exclusive formation of epoxides with Mn and Fe metal complexes as catalysts. For this objective, two strategies have been explored. The first one consists in introducing fluoroalcohol functions in the second coordination sphere of metal complexes with pyridinophane-based ligand to easily activate H2O2. Those complexes did not enhance the catalytic activity for cyclooctene oxidation reactions in comparison to analogous Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes with unmodified ligands. However, Ni(II) and Co(II) metal complexes with unmodified ligands display interesting catalytic activity for H2 photoproduction. The second strategy aimed to replace acetic acid. Using silica beads functionalized with COOH pendant arms (SiO2@COOH) as additive and H2O2 as oxidant, catalytic epoxidation reactions catalyzed by Mn(II) and Fe(III) metal complexes with BPMEN ligand displayed significant selectivity towards epoxide. The second approach concerns organic-solvent free (ep)oxidation processes with catalysts based on polyoxometalates (POMs). Catalysts SiO2@PMo and SiO2@PW, respectively obtained by ionic grafting of H3PMo12O40 or H3PW12O40 on silica beads functionalized with NH2 pending functions (SiO2@NH2), have been fully characterized. With low catalyst loading, both catalysts displayed efficient oxidation activity and better selectivity than the free POMs. Moreover, recovered beads gave similar conversion and selectivity after two recycling processes
Daverede, Christine. "Influence de différents équilibres K-Ca sur la nutrition cationique et le manque d'acidité des moûts et des vins du cépage Negrette (Vitis vinifera L. ) greffé sur 101. 14 M. G. , cultivé en hors-sol." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT008A.
Full textHjezi, Zahi. "Biocéramiques phosphocalciques fonctionnalisées : étude de la silanisation de surface." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0117/document.
Full textCalcium phosphate hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as bone substitute. Its chemical composition is close to the mineral part of bone which induces osteoconductive ceramics. Silicated hydroxyapatites (SiHA) are being studied. The incorporation of silicon in the hydroxyapatite structure would increase the bioactivity of the implant. However, these substitutes are not osteoinductive. They do not have the ability to induce bone formation which limits their use in reparative surgery. In order to obtain osteoinductive ceramics, it is possible to functionalize their surface by biologically active molecules via organosilanes. The present work studies the influence of silicon incorporation in the hydroxyapatite structure and the functionality (i.e. number of hydrolysable groups) of amino-ethoxy-silanes on the grafting mode and the quantity of molecules at the substrates surface. HA and SiHA silanised ceramics have been produced and characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. The results confirmed the covalent grafting whatever the nature of the substrate and the functionality of the organosilane might be. The grafted amount increases with the functionality of organosilane. Moreover, the presence of silicon within the substrate promotes the number of ethoxyl chains involved in the heterocondensation reaction and decreases the grafted amount of organosilanes. The organosilanes are not homogeneously distributed on the surface but without formation of a layer covering the entire surface
Schwach, Emmanuelle. "Etude de systèmes multiphases biodégradables à base d'amidon de blé plastifié : relations structure-propriétés, approches de la compatibilisation : thèse pour le doctorat en sciences, spécialité Chimie des Matériaux." Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000112.pdf.
Full textPrevious approaches had shown different levels of compatibility between phases for plasticized wheat starch / biodegradable polyester blends. The aim of the present study, which carries on these former works, is to understand and to forecast the existing phenomena, and then to bring solutions. In the first part, this thesis consists of studying the interfacial compatibility of these systems through their interfacial, mechanical, rheological and structural properties, as well as establishing different structure-properties relationships. The limits of the associations of plasticized starch with biodegradable polyester without compatibilisation agent being known, the second part of this work is then turned towards the incorporation of compatibilising agents thanks to two different approaches : in-situ compatibilisation and compatibilisation by addition of an amphiphilic grafted copolymer : amylose-g-PLA
Stinga, Nicoleta Camelia. "Utilisation de la chimie chromatogénique pour la conception et la réalisation de matériaux cellulosiques barrières à l'eau, aux graisses et aux gaz." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452688.
Full textBaraton, Laurent. "Fabrication et étude d'une diode moléculaire à résistancedifférentielle négative greffée sur silicium terminé hydrogène." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00150238.
Full textLa première partie de ce travail c'est donc concentrée sur la synthèse multiétapes de monocouches moléculaires complexes greffées sur surfaces de silicium terminé hydrogène. Ce procédé implique trois étapes : la réalisation de substrats de silicium (111) terminés hydrogène atomiquement plans par gravure humide anisotrope, puis la formation d'une monocouche d'accroche aliphatique portant un groupement fonctionnel par greffage covalent sur ces substrats et enfin l'utilisation de ces couches d'accroche dans des réactions chimiques classiques pour la formation complète de l'édifice cible. Ce procédé séquentiel a été choisi de façon à ne pas détérioré l'édifice moléculaire par les conditions de greffage sur le silicium. Pour la formation de la monocouche d'accroche, deux méthodes de greffages ont été particulièrement étudiées : l'hydrosilylation thermiques d'alc-1-ènes w-fonctionnalisés et le greffage par clivage électrochimique de composés halogénés. L'un des résultats principal apporté par ce travail est l'influence de l'encombrement stérique du groupement fonctionnel terminal sur la compacité de la monocouche obtenue. Enfin, la réactivité de monocouches d'accroche terminées carboxyl et ester N-succinimidyl a été mise à profit dans des réactions d'estérification et d'amidification douces pour construire les édifices cibles. Au cours de ces trois étapes, les surfaces ont été caractérisées par FTIR-ATR, XPS et AFM. Une attention particulière est portée sur la réoxydation du substrat de silicium au cours des différentes étapes.
Dans une seconde partie, nous nous sommes attachés à réaliser par des méthodes de nanofabrication top-down classiques un dispositif électronique permettant d'interfacer la monocouche greffée sur silicium à des électrodes microscopiques. Ce dispositif présente un profil en double tranchée réalisé dans un oxyde épais. Il constitue un début de réponse à deux contraintes antagonistes caractéristiques de l'électronique moléculaire : d'une part le nanotube de carbone doit toucher la monocouche, épaisse de quelques nanomètres, et d'autre part, les contacts entre le nanotube et les électrodes d'or doivent être réalisés sur une épaisseur d'oxyde suffisante pour éviter tout courant de fuite avec le silicium sous-jacent. Sans avoir permis de mesure des propriétés électroniques de la monocouche, ce dispositif constitue cependant un premier pas vers l'intégration de composant actifs moléculaires dans une architecture CMOS.
Ribourdouille, Yann. "Utilisation des dendrimères en catalyse : Etude de l'impact du dendrimère sur les catalyseurs greffés à sa surface." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/RIBOURDOUILLE_Yann_2004.pdf.
Full textDendrimers are highly branched macromolecules very well defined. These molecules possess applications in several scientific fields, including catalysis. The goal of this work is to study the impact of dendrimer onto catalysts immobilized in its periphery and more precisely the impact on the enantioselectivity of a reaction. With this aim in view, we functionalised the periphery of poly(amido)amine and poly(propylene)imine dendrimers with the Pyrphos ligand, which is a chiral diphosphine. The rhodium(I) complexes of these dendrimers were tested in asymmetric hydrogenation catalysis of alkenes. The enantioselectivity of this reaction was found to be independant of the size and type of the dendrimer. A methode of immobilisation of the dendritic rhodium(I) complexes on silica by electrostatic multilayers structures was developed and, immobilized monolayers of dendrimers were tested in asymmetric hydrogenation. The dendritic palladium(II) complexes were used in allylic substitution catalysis. A strong increase of the enantioselectivity as a function of the dendrimer size and a impact of the type of the dendrimer were observed. During the elucidation of this positive dendritic effect on the enantioselectivity, the implication of a bisdiphosphine palladium complex was underlined
Ben, Aicha Ons Perwuelz Anne. "Modification de surface des fibres de PA6,6 par greffage chimique." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2004. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/411.
Full textN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3438. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque chapitre.
Madec, Lénaïc. "Intérêt du greffage moléculaire pour le stockage électrochimique de l’énergie." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=e2218721-46d9-45fa-86ab-a70a92d97496.
Full textThe interest of molecular grafting regarding the power limit of Li batteries and the energy limit of the supercapacitors has been considered. Morphological and electrical properties resulting of covalent and non covalent functionalizations of carbon substrates have been evaluated and compared. In order to control and to optimize the electronic conductivity between the different components of a battery electrode, the implementation of tunneling molecular junctions has been investigated. To increase the energy of supercapacitors, a new concept has been developed. It is based on self- and non-disruptive redox fonctionalization of carbon-containing composite electrodes during electrochemical cycling or during calendar life by an organic redox-active material that is contained in the electrolyte. The thickness decrease of Li batteries electrodes is often used as a way to compensate the low power performance but at the expense of the energy. An alternative would be to use redox molecular relay of the active material for which charge compensation occurs without Li+
Tricard, Simon. "Greffage sur surfaces inorganiques d’objets magnétiques nanométriques de réseaux de coordination à ponts cyanures : croissance séquentielle et dépôt en solution." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112143.
Full textCyanide bridged coordination networks show various physical properties at the bulk state, I, particular magnetic and photomagnetic properties. On the other hand, the surface chemistry field has benefited from a significant development since the appearance of microscopes enabling the observation of nanometric objets. The aim of this work is to graft on inorganic surfaces magnetic cyanide bridged coordination objects, in a controlled way at the nanometric scale in order to integrate them in more complexes devices. For this purpose a sequential growth of the networks can be performed directly on the functionalized surfaces, it is also possible to graft nanoparticles already formed in solution. First molecular magnetism notions are presented, as well as the physical properties of some bulk cyanide bridged coordination networks and studies of shaping at the nanometric scale. Next, the sequential growth of Prussian blue analogues NiIIFeII and NiIICrIII on functionalized silicon is addressed, then that of the CuIIMoIV network on silicon, on gold and on platinum. Two strategies are then presented to obtain isolated objects : the sequential growth on diluted anchoring points and the deposit of nanoparticles in solution. Finally, an organization of the coordination objects has been realized by sequential growth on a hexagonal network of platinum dots on silicon. Some tests prior to the sequential growth have been done with a molecular network on graphite
Joubert, Jérôme. "Approches modèles de la structure, de la réactivité et de la spectroscopie de complexes organométalliques greffés sur alumine gamma." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSL0356.
Full textThe limitation in the comprehensive approach of surface organometallic chemistry by classical techniques of the analytical chemistry has inspired this work on the model approach of structure, reactivity and spectroscopy of grafted organometallic complexes by the tools of the density functional theory combined with the basis of statistical physics. Such a method has been applied to grafted zirconium complexes on alumina for alkanes hydrogenolysis and to grafted tungsten complexes on alumina for alkanes metathesis. The crucial role of the surface has been underlined
Cordonnier, Marie-Anne. "Greffage de fragments organométalliques chiraux sur des surfaces métalliques : application en hydrogénation asymétrique de cétones prochirales." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10354.
Full textMahouche, Samia. "Matériaux polymères chélatants pour la complexation d'ions et de nanoparticules métalliques : [combinaisons] de sels de diazonium avec l'ATRP et la chimie click." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077245.
Full textThis work reports on two innovative methods for the design of chelatant polymeric materials prepared using diazonium salts combined with two modem approches of surface chemistry. The first approach consists in the modification carbon fibre surface by poly(glycidyl methacrylate) chains, PGMA, prepared via ATRP initiated by brominated aryl groups from the parent diazonium sait BF₄⁻,⁺N2-C₆H₄-C=CH. The ultrathin overlayers of PGMA prepared so far were post-functionalized by cyclam, and futher evaluated in the uptake of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The chelatant fibres exhibited specific uptake of heavy metals with a selectivity towards copper. This chelatant polymer-modified fibres were regenerated with a yield as high as 97%, without loss of efficiency in uptaking heavy metals. The chelatant carbon fibres loaded with Cu(II) were tested as microelectrodes for the detection of these heavy metal ions by stripping voltammetry. The second part of the Thesis is devoted to tandem ATRP and click chemistry for covalent grafting hydroxylated poly(glycidyl méthacrylate), bearing azide end chains, to carbon nanotubes pretreated by the alkynylated diazonium sait BF4⁻,⁺N2-C₆H₄-C=CH. The nanocomposite NTC@PGMA(OH) was oxidized into NTC@PGMA(COOH) to serve as a nanometer-scale platform for the in-situ synthesis of palladium nanoparticles. The NTC@polymer@Pd hétérostructures prepared so far exhibit a massive loading of monodisperse, 3 nm-sized palladium nanoparticles. This work highlights conclusively the central role of diazonium salts in the design of innovative materials by modem chemistry approaches, i. E. ATRP and click chemistry
Alali, Urjwan. "Chemical synthesis of multivalent chemical probes and their study as modulators of multivalent glycan-protein interactions." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0002.
Full textThe present work seeks to investigate the behaviour of glyco- gold nanoparticle towards the hydrolytic action of glycosidase regarding these mutivalenty glyco nanostructures as glycosidase inhibitors. The first part of this study aimed to synthesi simulated vehicles that mimic natural compounds to modulate various specifi carbohydrate – lectin binding interactions. Secondly, synthesis of cyclodextrin specie that showed to be an exceedingly flexible delineation to build multivalent conjugate when the covalent attachment of biodetected sugar entities at specific positions o cyclodextrin were grafted. Click chemistry reaction using cuporous ion – catalyze azide- alkyne cyclo-addition reaction [CUAAC] has been performed herein. To justify the full homogeneinity of our adducts, these reactions have been optimized usin microwave conditions to prepare a library of perglycosylated α , β , γ cyclodextrin that showed an enzymatic effectiveness towards certain enzymes
Zagiel, Benjamin. "Chimie combinatoire dynamique pour l’identification de mimes de protéines." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS520.
Full textProtein protein interactions (PPI) are therapeutic targets of prime interest but the complexity of their interaction interfaces makes difficult the development of PPIs inhibitors. Peptides display great potential for targeting PPIs but without a defined 3D structure, they usually show no affinity. Constrained peptides with a controlled conformation or scaffolds constitute an effective solution but their design requires a significant comprehension of the protein complex at the epitope scale.This work aims at developing a dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) approach to functionalize peptide scaffolds. This approach allows to generate dynamic libraries thanks to equilibrated reversible reactions between molecular building blocks. These dynamic systems being stimuli-responsive, it is therefore possible to introduce a relevant target to screen them in one step. This thesis presents the design and the synthesis of the building blocks and scaffolds for this DCC strategy. The development of the DCC methodology is then presented in a step by step approach up to an application attempt with heparin as the target. Next, the mass spectrometry method for the analysis of the DCC generated compounds and its setting up is addressed. Finally, the analysis of the peptide scaffolds structure and the influence of their functionalization on it is broached
Roussel, Sébastien. "Préparation et greffage de molécules cages pour la captation d'ions lourds en phase aqueuse." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112325.
Full textMinois, Pauline. "Synthèse de mono et diphosphines dérivées d'amino acides ou de peptides, appliquées en chimie de coordination et pour le greffage de fullerène C60." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS079/document.
Full textThe synthesis of secondary phosphine borane amino acids or dipeptides and their applications for the preparation of chiral ligands or for the grafting of fullerene, is described. These compounds were synthesized in good yield (up to 98%) without racemization. The principle of the synthesis is based on the alkylation of primary phosphine borane with a γ-iodo amino acid using phase transfer conditions. Tertiary diphosphine amino acids are obtained with 70% yield after a second alkylation. These compounds are one of the first examples of diphosphine grafted with a P-C bond on the side chain of amino acid. First of all, mono and diphosphine amino acid derivatives were used in asymmetric allylic substitution with palladium precursor or in asymmetric hydrogenation with rhodium precursor. In another hand, a cis platinum complex was synthesized with 60% yield from the diphosphine amino acid derivative. The cytotoxic properties of this complex were tested against human ovarian carcinogenic cell lines A2780. In the second part, the secondary phosphine borane amino acids and peptides have been used for grafting fullerene C60 by hydrophosphination using phase transfer conditions. The electrochemical study of the fullerene amino benzyl ester derivative has shown the cleavage of the P-C60 bond by electrolysis, affording the free fullerene and the secondary phosphine borane amino ester moiety. This work opens new perspectives for the chemistry of fullerene and phosphine derivatives of amino acids and peptides
Taoufik, Mostafa. "Synthèse de dérivés organogermanes chiraux et étude de leur greffage sur la surface métallique du rhodium : application à l'hydrogénation énantiosélective de substrats prochiraux." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10045.
Full textBen, Aicha Ons. "Modification de surface des fibres de PA6,6 par greffage chimique." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-1-2.pdf.
Full textEmin, Clélia. "Élaboration d'un réacteur membranaire catalytique par fonctionnalisation de surface de membranes polymères et intégration de nanoparticules métalliques : application à la chimie douce." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2175/.
Full textThe aim of this work is synthesizing polymer-stabilized metallic nanoparticles inside functionalized polymeric membranes in order to develop catalytic membrane reactors and to test these reactors with model catalysed organic chemical reactions. In order to do so, polymeric membrane support (i. E. Polyethersulfone) is first functionalized by UV photo-induced grafting method with ionogenic polymers capable to immobilize nanoparticle precursors and retain nanoparticles. This surface modification was successfully performed with two types of anionic monomers, one cationic monomer and one zwitterionic monomer. During the process, the polymerization kinetic was found to be characterized by 3 steps: an induction time, a high polymerization rate and the total consumption of the monomer present in the solution. After the successful grafting, catalytic membranes were prepared by incorporating, or by generating in situ, metal catalytic nanoparticles. An effective incorporation of 5 nm palladium nanoparticles, well dispersed and mainly confined in the grafted layer without any aggregation, was found. Futhermore, it was possible to observe an impact of the cross-linked network and the polymer gel grafted layer on the final membrane metal loading. Moreover, results showed that nanoparticles are well trapped inside the membrane matrix inducing the development of a clean process. Finally, the catalytic activity of the different loaded membranes was mainly assessed by the reduction of p-nitrophenol into p-aminophenol and a conversion yield of close to 100% was found
Crémoux, Tatiana. "Physico-chimie aux interfaces de systèmes vitreux à charge d'espace." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14972/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to control physicochemical properties of glasses surfaces using a thermal polarization treatment. For this, the implementation of a space charge layer has been characterized for various silicates and borosilicates glasses. These comparative studies have shown that cations depletion from anode toward cathode induces both an electric field and structural local changes. To go further, we demonstrated that there is a plasma formation between anode and glass surfaces which could be the cause of ionic exchange phenomena leading to the formation of nitrogen NO2/N2O4 entities entrapped inside glass network. Subsequently, physicochemical properties studies of polarized surfaces were performed. Preliminary results concerning the space charge influence on (i) surface wettability, (ii) surface chemistry and (iii) optical responses of adsorbed molecules on poled glass surface have been obtained
Weissmann, Martin. "Modification de supports carbonés pour catalyseurs de pile à combustible par greffage de molécules à propriétés spécifiques." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Weissmann-Martin/2009-Weissmann-Martin-These.pdf.
Full textThe modification of carbon substrates by chemical functions significantly affects the surface properties of the material. These changes can be carried out by different methods: oxidation of the support, or grafting of molecules by reduction of a synthon. This last method seems more attractive because it helps to maintain the integrity of the support. The realization of grafted layers on carbon surface is carried out by reduction of diazonium or iodonium ions. This reduction results in the formation of radicals, which react with carbon surface to form a covalent bond. This method allows grafting a large variety of molecules; by selecting appropriate terminal groups it is possible to change different characteristics of the active layer of PEMFC electrodes, such as the hydrophobic / hydrophilic properties, platinum / support interactions and ionic conductivity. In this context, thiophenol grafted layers were realized to strengthen the anchorage of platinum nanoparticles on carbon support, limiting the migration of nanoparticles in course of sintering process. Carbon functionalized with benzenesulfonic acid groups and trifluoromethylbenzene groups were used to adjust the wettability of active layers, in order to improve water management in fuel cells. Grafted layers of alkynyl groups with ionic end functions could also be performed to confer ionic conductivity (protons or hydroxyls) to the catalyst support, in order to improve the use of catalyst in fuel cell electrodes
Rosal, Iker Del. "Modélisation de nanoparticules produites par voie organométallique et de catalyseurs greffés : structure, spectroscopie, réactivité." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1272/.
Full textThe work presented in this PhD manuscript concerns the study of surface chemistry and it is based on two questions asked by different experimental research groups. These questions cover different areas of surface chemistry, their answer would lead to a better understand the interactions occurring on these surfaces. This work is divided into two parts, each of which are based on the following issues: In which positions are the hydrogen atoms coordinated on the surface of ruthenium nanoparticles and which effect have the ligands on these atoms? It is of great interest in materials science to be able to control the size, shape and composition of nanoparticles (NPs) during their synthesis process. Their physico-chemical properties, comprised between those exhibited by small molecular compounds and the bulk, are one of the best advantages of these NPs. The NPs have an extremely rich surface chemistry, relatively little studied, that may influence both their chemical and physical properties. In this study, we are particularly interested in hydrogen atoms that play a key role in both the size and the shape of the NPs. However, their coordination mode remains unknown. To answer this first question, the NPs were modeled by two limit systems : small clusters and periodic surfaces. The study of these two systems allowed us, through a theory / experiments comparison of several spectroscopic data such as proton, deuterium NMR and infrared data to determine the most likely coordination mode of these hydrogen atoms and the effect of ligands on them. How organometallic catalysts are they grafted on a silica surface during catalytic supported reactions and which is the impact of the grafting mode on their reactivity ? The importance of catalysis both from an economic perspective (industrial) and environmental perspectives, requires the use of more efficient catalysts. One approach to achieve this goal is to have a better distribution and definition of active sites involved in heterogeneous catalysis process. One possibility to achieve this control is the use of supported catalysis. However, a prerequisite for this type of catalysis includes precise knowledge of the different types of interactions existing between the catalyst and its support. However, in the case of a lanthanide catalyst grafted on silica surface, the grafting mode remains unknown. As in the previous study, there are two methods to address this problem: either by a periodic approach, either by a molecular approach. Several different considerations led us to choose a molecular approach to conduct this study. For that purpose, we have created a molecular model that represents as accurately as possible the silica surface. The grafting reaction was then studied on this model, giving rise to different grafting modes, which are in accordance with the experimental data. Finally, a comparison between different catalytic reactions taking place with a metallocene lanthanide complex and the grafted catalyst above described has also been undertaken. Throught this investigation we could compare the reactivity of these two systems and determine the role of surface on the catalyst reactivity
Boussetta, Sabrina. "Greffage de résine et membrane polymères par des agents chelatants : application à l'extraction en phase solide de cations métalliques." Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0009.
Full textWith the view to know sizing impact on interphase nature and properties of a cyanate/D glass fibre composite, four types of samples were achieved : a series of three composites, processed by vacuum moulding and which differ by absence or presence of sizing (with or partially extracted), and resin samples. The dynamic mechanical analysis was selected to study these composites. Mechanical relaxations, particularly main relaxation associated to resin Tg, are largely modified by the state of the interphase. A elaborate study of this transition enables us to express assumptions on the formation and the nature of the interphase for this system. These results are corroborated by complementary analysis (infra-red microscopy, micro thermal analysis. . . ). Lastly, ageings were realized on the composites and the resin in order to characterize this interphase more finely
Le, Dao. "Synthèse, caractérisation et polymérisation par ouverture de cycle par métathèse de macromonomères cyclobuténiques obtenus par chimie " click " et polymérisation RAFT." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743217.
Full textZheng, Dan. "Modification des propriétés de surface de matériaux lignifiés : impact d'un greffage par voie physique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00605664.
Full textAlves, Dalla Corte Daniel. "Effects of surface chemical treatment on silicon negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries: an in situ infrared spectroscopic study." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/87/75/45/PDF/Daniel_PhD_X.pdf.
Full textSilicon represents an expressive gain in energy density for negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries. Reversible cycling and long term stability of silicon electrodes are both dependent of the passivation efficiency of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer formed at the electrode surface. Surface and bulk phenomena of amorphous silicon were studied by in-situ FTIR spectroscopy during electrochemical cycling. Electrodes were prepared by thin-film deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon on ATR crystals, allowing for the measurements of electrode reactions in the original chemical environment. The results reveal a dynamic surface passivation layer which is intensively formed during the first lithiation, partially dissolved during delithiation and that grows continuously along the cycling life. Electrolyte components play a major role on the chemical composition of the SEI layer. Various electrode treatments were obtained by chemical and electrochemical grafting of different molecular layers on silicon surface. The results show that the silicon electrochemical performance is strongly affected by the chemical nature, chain size and covering ratio of the grafted species. Carboxyl-terminated monolayers represent an attractive functionalization for silicon electrodes due to their densely packed structure, strong covalent attachment to the active material and chemical similarity with typical SEI products. Such a surface treatment leads to a good anchoring support for the SEI, increasing its stability and improving silicon electrochemical performance. On the other hand, the use of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique for preparing the amorphous silicon electrodes allow us to add carbon (as -CH3) to the silicon layer, with verified improvements in cycling performance. This methylated silicon material show improved electrochemical performances at same time as it develops a thicker SEI layer
Sahraoui, Zoubida. "Contribution à l'étude des phénomènes de dispersion en zone stationnaire à partir de silices greffées de chaînes alkyles." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19001.
Full textHajouj, Zahira. "Mélanges mécaniques de phases greffées sur gel de silice. Application en chromatographie planaire et en extraction en phase solide vis-à vis d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycondensés et d'azaarènes, polluants de l'environnement." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30076.
Full textHalbert, Stéphanie. "Étude du comportement dynamique de systèmes catalytiques greffés sur silice." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005016.
Full textMoineau, Johanne. "Dépôt d'organosilanes sur plaques de silicium oxyde sous forme de monocouches auto-organisées : Fonctionnalisation de surface et réactions post-greffage." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20163.
Full textEdou, Engonga Prosper. "Greffage de chaînes hydrocarbonées et perfluorées sur le bois et étude des propriétés conférées aux nouveaux matériaux." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10023.
Full textLapinte, Vincent. "Polymérisation par ouverture de cycle de métathèse de monomères hétérofonctionnels : potentialités pour l'élaboration de copolymères gréffés et de supports pour la synthèse en parallèle." Le Mans, 2002. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2002/2002LEMA1011.pdf.
Full textCalmettes, Stéphanie. "Conception d'un catalyseur par greffage d'un complexe de ruthénium en milieu confiné ; Application à l'oxydation sélective." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292814.
Full textRhers, Bouchra. "Synthèse, caractérisation de nouveaux complexes de tungstène et étude de leur greffage par voie COMS sur des surfaces oxydes : application en métathèse stéréo- et énantiosélective des oléfines." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10177.
Full textLescouet, Tristan. "Conception et fonctionnalisation de MOFs pour le greffage et l'encapsulation de complexe organométallique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975367.
Full textMigliorini, Sabrina. "Agents de couplage et surfaces modèles de silice suivi en infrarouge ATR du greffage d'organosilanes sur silicium oxydé." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20035.
Full textDupas, Georges. "Synthèse et réactivité de modèles du NADH : modèles chiraux, modèles greffés." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES007.
Full textBejenaru, Nela. "Polymérisation des alcynes par métathèse : application à la réalisation de transistors organiques à film mince." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10124.
Full textThis work is dedicated to the alkyne metathesis polymerization for the realization of organic field effect transistors (OTFT). We have been first interested in the synthesis of differently substituted aryleneethynylene materials (PAE, OAE) using the metathesis reaction. We next tested the potentialities of these materials in terms of electronic properties (condyctivity and charge transport), as a function of the structure diversity and chain lengths of the polymers. Among those, the 1,4-di (propynyl) benzene M2 monomer and its oligomerization product P2 (DPn = 4) have shown a p type semiconductor behaviour (conductivity of ca 10-7 S/cm). Organic field effect transistors based on these materials (M2 and P2) exhibited field effect mobilities of around 10-5cm2/V.s. P2 OTFT mobilitie enhancements were obtained , either via functionalization of the substrate with Self Assembled Monolayers of perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (µ= 10-4 cm2/V.s), or via the control of the substrate temperature at 40°C during deposition (µ = 10-3cm2/V.s). The last part of this thesis is devoted to the polymerization reaction of terminal alkynes (hept-1-yne and propyne) on catalysts grafted onto the substrates. Although the polymerization reaction has been revealed to be incomplete by XPS studies, local chain growths were observed on micrometer domains using AFM and MEB spectroscopies, which validates the concept of grafting the catalyst on the transistor base. No field effect was observed, but conductivities between 10-3 and 10-6 S/cm were found, as a probe for the semiconductivity character of the organic layer