Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Greffe de cellules hématopoïétiques'
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Aspert-Houballah, Aurélie. "Impact psychologique de la greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques et traumatisme psychique." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H134.
Full textHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been reserved for hematologic life threatening diseases. Between the announcement of the diagnosis and the transplant’s risks, the threat of death becomes real. This study wants to examine the psychological consequences of this « last chance » treatment focusing on psychological traumatism, by means of a psychodynamic analysis. It uses a longitudinal and mixed evaluation combining psychometric tests, projective tests, and clinical interviews. Fourteen patients have been interviewed between May 2009 and May 2010. Nine have been evaluated twice, once before HSCT, and once at least one year after HSCT. The results show a predominance of a mournful problematic in this population. Regression and masochism seems to be good working-off mechanisms. Trauma due to life threatening context seems more associated with the mournful problematic than the announcement of the diagnosis or the HSCT. Trauma could be seen, in a psychosomatic hypothesis, as a possible working-off mechanism from somatic destruction by the defusion of instincts
Denis, Laure. "Contribution à l'étude de l'alloréactivité NK en greffe allogénique de cellules souches hématopoïétiques : implication des récepteurs KIR." Nantes, 2005. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=13195a70-7d5d-4220-9d93-f5d935ed7f11.
Full textAllogeneic HSCT is a good way to study cellular alloreactivity during haematopoietic reconstitution. Implied immunologic consequences can be either deleterious (reject or GvHD) or beneficial (GvL). HLA molecules are involved in those reactions and moreover, represent the specific ligands of KIR receptors expressed on NK cell in the innate immune system. Among these receptors, polymorphic KIR markers are clonally distributed to control NK allogeneic reactivity. In the laboratry, we focused on NK alloreactivity and KIR/HLA interactions in allogeneic HSCT. Results showed that some KIR genotype combinations between donor and recipient were at risk for GvH reaction. Moreover, KIR gene transcriptional regulation during post-HSCT period appeared to be relevant on GvH reaction. Last, all activating and inhibiting NK expressed receptors seemed to be involved in alloreactivity mechanisms, through a HLA-modulated repertoire
Béziat, Vivien. "Etude de la différenciation terminale des cellules NK basée sur différents modèles cliniques : rôle du CD16, NKG2A, NKG2C et des KIRs." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066369.
Full textBittencourt, Marcelo de Carvalho. "Approches cellulaires pour l'induction de tolérance en transplantation de cellules souches hématopoi͏̈étiques." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA3004.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Faivre, Lionel. "Amplification ex vivo et greffe des cellules souches hématopoïétiques du sang de cordon ombilical : Rôle des glycosaminoglycannes." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC237.
Full textThe microenvironment has a central place in the smooth running of hematopoiesis. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are necessary for the proper functioning of this tissue due to their interactions with hematopoietic cytokines. In parallel, in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) from umbilical cord blood graft, it is clear that improvements are needed. Many solutions have been proposed, some show promise but require progress. Objective: Improve amplification protocols using GAG mimetics. Developing a matrix therapy of bone marrow during transplantation HSPC. The amplification results with GAG mimetics have been able to demonstrate a reduction in the migration of HSPC with high concentrations associated with better viability of HSPC. After transplantation into SCID-NOD yc , no difference was observed. Irradiation would lead to a decrease of GAG present in bone marrow but the matrix therapy attempts for transplant HSPC showed no conclusive results. In parallel, an 18F-FDG radiolabeling technique of HSPC, helped to visualize and quantify their imaging homing with PET/CT for 2. 5 h after injection despite strong cell toxicity of radiolabeling. In our conditions, the GAG mimetics show no major interests in the amplification protocols or HSPC transplantation. Early biodistribution with HSPC PET/CT imaging was possible but requires technical adjustments
Makanga, Dhon Bérenger Roméo. "Contribution à l'étude des fonctions anti-tumorales des cellules Natural Killer (NK) : Implication en greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques et dans le contexte des Immunothérapies." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT1031.
Full textT cell-replete haplo-identical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT), using Post-transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as a treatment for Graft-versus- Host-Disease (GvHD), constitute a potential curative treatment for leukemic patients without identical HLA donor. These graft modalities presentHLA class I incompatibilities between donor and recipient that could sustain Natural Killer (NK) cell alloreactivity with an important anti-leukemic function. However, the role of NK cells in this modality of transplantation remains poorly understood. In this work, we showed that KIR/HLA incompatibilities between donor and recipient were associated with more acute GvHD and less relapse after PTCy-HSCT, participating in the activation and earlier differentiation of NK cells. Subsequently, we showed that the association of PTCy with Anti-thymoglobulin (ATG) could reduce the incidence of acute GvHD without increasing relapse after PTCy-HSCT. In order to identify NK cell subsets with high anti-leukemic potential, we defined 9 NK cell subsets based on NK cell differentiation markers and performed in vitro studies of the functional potential of each of these NK populations against leukemic targets. Our results show that NKG2A+ NK cell subsets are the most effective against acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) targets and represent the most frequent NK cell subsets in the NK cell repertoire. In contrast, CD57+ and/or KIR+ NK cell subsets, poorly represented in the NK cell repertoire, were the most effective against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) targets. The rapid reconstitution of certain NK cell subsets, such as those expressing NKG2A for example, seems to be associated with the reduction of relapse after PTCy-HSCT. Furthermore, we have investigated the influence of KIR/HLA interactions on Antibody Dependant Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) modulation, showing that the low number of KIR ligands in lymphoma patients favors a good rituximab-dependent NK cell responses. In conclusion, our data may help to optimize the selection of HSC donors and improve the prediction of rituximab responses in lymphoma patients by taking into account immunogenetic KIR/HLA parameters
Rice, Alison Mary. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des cellules souches sanguines mobilisées par chimiothérapie." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28240.
Full textDalle, Jean-Hugues. "Greffes non apparentées de sang placentaire : résultats en pédiatrie : propriétés phénotypiques et fonctionnelles des cellules NK d'origine placentaire et interactions in vitro avec les antithymoglobulines de lapin utilisées dans le conditionnement de ces greffes." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL2S002.
Full textOur aim were to confirm efficacy of unrelated cord blood transplantation (CB) and to study in vitro properties of both umbilical and adult NK cells. METHODS : Retrospective clinical study comparing results of unrelated CB and bone marrow transplantation. In vitro studies of NK cells phenotype and functions with or without antihimoglobulins (ATG). RESULTS : the use of CB was quicker and also effective than adult stem cell use. NK cells from adult and CB do not differ. Cytotoxicity, proliferation and IFN-γ production were similar. ATG does not modify either proliferation, apoptosis or cytotoxicity but dramatically increase IFN-γ production. CONCLUSION : The use of unrelated CB as stem cell source was efficient. Umbilical NK cells were mature. Our results could explain at least partially the efficiency of T-cell depletion in order to obtain positive impact from NK alloreactivity in allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Cartron, Guillaume. "Etude quantitative et fonctionnelle du compartiment des progéniteurs primitifs après autogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques chez l'homme." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR3311.
Full textIntensive therapy with autologous stem cells transplantation (ASCT) is now widely used in hematology. We have assessed primitive progenitor cell compartment after ASCT using peripheral stem cells and shown a deep and durable decrease of clonogenic progenitor counts in vivo. In vitro studies have demonstrated a constant decrease of LTC-IC frequencies and CD34+/CD38_ counts associated with functional abnormalities (defect in proliferative and érythroïd differentiation of LTC-IC). We have shown also a proliferative defect of CD34+ cells in response to early-acting cytokines and a decrease of both CD34 antigen expression and ability of c-Kit to bind to SCF into CD34+ cell population. After ASCT, there are both quantitative and qualtitative defects of primitive progenitor cell compartment which could led to a impaired self-renewal of this compartment and jeopardize long-lasting marrow reconstitution
Awada, Sanaa. "Etude pharmacocinétique du DHPG chez des patients greffés de cellules souches hématopoi͏̈étiques atteints par le CMV." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P631.
Full textThe pharmacokinetic (PK) of DHPG were studied by two protocols :The first experimental is realized in rabbit which received DHPG perfused during 15 and 30 min in cross over plan. The second is clinical, realized in 9 hematopoietic stem cell transplants patients with CMV infection and treated by 5 mg/kg q 12 hours during 14 days. A compartmental and none PK analysis were performed in days 1, 7 and 14. Plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC and the method was validated in human and rabbit plasma. Our results suggested that plasma concentrations were described by bi-exponential decay without accumulation. All concentrations are well above the CI50 needed to inhibit HCMV. Total clearance correlated well with and exceeded creatinine clearance (r=0. 93 ; p<0. 0008). A diminution of CLT and prolongation of Tưb were observed at steady state. The plasma concentrations were not correlated with hematological effects. The dosage of intracellular DHPG are needed to explain this induced-toxicity
Touil, Soumia. "Amplification des fonctions lymphocytaires T effectrices via la déplétion des lymphocytes T régulateurs : application à l'amélioration des infusions de lymphocytes du donneur pour le traitement des rechutes d'hémopathies malignes traitées par greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques allogéniques." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066478.
Full textMany results obtained in animal models have shown that depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg) could restore cancer immuno-surveillance and trigger an anti-tumor immunity. We develop this imunotherapeutic strategy in application of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) in the treatment of leukemia relapses. However, in humans, the role of CD25- expressing donor T-cells in the outcome of DLI may be more complex, since human CD25+ T-cells contain not only Treg but also recently activated conventional T-cells potentially prone to mediate a strong anti-tumor effect. Recently, two studies have demonstrated that most Treg have weak or absent surface expression of CD127 and that its expression is commonly associated with memory functions of T cells. Therefore, we postulated that CD127 positive selection instead of CD25 elimination could lead to efficient Treg depletion while maintaining a fraction of T cells with putative strong immune response. Based on this hypothesis, we directly compared these two strategies of Treg depletion. While both strategies of Treg depletion have comparable efficacy, we observed an enrichment of activated/memory T cells upon CD127 positive selection. These results were correlated with a significant improvement of both alloreactive and pathogen-specific immune responses of CD127+ cells. In vivo, we observed accelerated donor T cell division and enhanced graft-versus-host disease after adoptive transfer of Treg depleted cells to mice lacking T cells. Our results support the clinical investigation of CD127 positive selection in place of CD25+ cell elimination for clinical applications of Treg-depleted DLI
Golfier, François. "Greffe in utero de cellules souches hématopoïétiques foetales humaines : purification de cellules CD34+/++ de foie foetal et de moëlle osseuse foetale." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T007.
Full textAitouche, Abdelouahab. "Immunité et tolérance de transplantation induite dans le modèle murin par greffe de cellules souches hématopoiétiques fœtales." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T157.
Full textPerruche, Sylvain. "Approche cellulaire basée sur l'utilisation de cellules apoptotiques pour favoriser la prise de greffe et l'induction de tolérance en allogreffe de cellules hématopoïétiques." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA3001.
Full textKleinclauss, François. "Induction de tolérance en transplantation : utilisation des propriétés immunomodulatrices des cellules apoptotiques." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESAA002.
Full textApoptotic cells infusion is a new cell based therapy approach to modulate allogeneic immune responses. We reported its interest in hematopoietic cell transplantation in mice. The aim of this work was to analyze the mechanisms by which apoptotic cells modulate alloreactivity and facilitate bone marrow engraftment. We demonstrated that donor splenic macrophages and TGF-β production were involved in the effect of apoptotic cel! infusion. Phenotypic analysis showed an expansion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, exerting their suppressive effects by cell-contact dependant mechanisms. These regulatory T cells allowed delaying acute graft-versus-host disease. We studied the impact of immunosuppressive drugs on the apoptotic cell infusion. We showed that calcineurin inhibitors abolished the favourable effects of apoptotic cell infusion, whereas rapamycin, mycophenolate mofetil and a deoxysperguanin derivative, did not interfere and rather potentate the effects of apoptotic cell infusion
Glauzy, Salomé. "Etude des progéniteurs lymphoïdes circulants, chez l'homme, en situation de greffe hématopoïétique allogénique." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077101.
Full textAllogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is an effective treatment for malignant blood diseases. This treatment is limited by the long period of immunosuppression following HSCT and the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). During my thesis, I studied immune reconstitution after allo-HSCT and the impact of GVHD on it. In a first work, our data demonstrate a strong recovery of CD34±Lin-CD1O+CD24" T lymphoid progenitors 3 months after transplantation. This rebound was abolished in patients who developed GVHD by an attack of bone marrow by on one hand and on the other hand by intrinsic modifications of the progenitors. We observed an important reduction of gene expression in progenitors associated with their migration towards the thymus and with their T cell differentiation in patients with GVHD. In a second work, we observed that acute and chronic GVHD transiently increased B-cell replication but decreased overall B-cell neogenesis with a clear difference in term of kinetics. Moreover, impact of aGVHD in absence of cGVHD was transient, recovering at month 6 similar values than in patients who did not suffer from GVHD. Conversely, impact of cGVHD at month 12 in multivariate analysis was independent of previous aGVHD effect on B-cell output. All our work suggests that after allogeneic HSCT in humans, allogeneic GVHD reaction causes a disturbance of bone marrow and thymic environments resulting in a reduction of the mobilization and migration of lymphoid progenitors. This improved characterization of the attacks of the progenitors and their environment by which the GVHD compromises the immune reconstitution may allow better adaptation of treatment
Robert-Richard, Elodie. "Transfert de gène dans les cellules souches hématopoïétiques : application à la thérapie génique des porphyries érythropoïétiques." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21341.
Full textCongenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is an hematological genetic disease characterized by an uroporphyrinogen III synthase deficiency, leading to an accumulation of toxic porphyrin in hemotopoietic tissues. Transplantation of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) could represent an alternative to bone marrow transplantation when a match-HLA graft is not available. In our work, lentiviral vectors were developed to obtain a stable and efficient gene transfer in murine and human HSCs. These vectors allow an erythroid-specific expression of the therapeutic gene leading to a complete enzymatic, metabolic and phenotypic correction of CEP mice. Evaluation of efficiency of gene transfer in human HSCs in an immunodeficient NOD/SCID model is a necessary step before we consider a gene therapy clinical trial for this disease
Robert, France. "Les facteurs associés au stress, à la fatigue et la vigueur suite à une greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques chez des adultes atteints d'un cancer hématologique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25544/25544.pdf.
Full textMichonneau, David. "Compartimentalisation anatomique de l'activité cytotoxique des lymphocytes T du donneur après allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC184.
Full textAllogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important treatment of human malignancies, where donor T cells are responsible for mediating the anti-tumor effect called Graft versus Leukemia (GVL) effect. However, donor T cells are also responsible for the Graft versus Host disease (GVHD) when they recognize alloantigens on healthy recipient cells. In HLA-matched allo-HSCT, both GVL and GVHD are mediated by minor histocompatibility antigen (miHAg) recognition by donor T cells. Whereas miHAg are broadly expressed in most tissues, GVHD mainly affects liver, gut and skin. However, it is still not fully understood if cytotoxic activity of donor CTLs and their ability to mediate GVL is a homogeneous process, especially in organs not targeted by GVHD. The aim of this project was to understand the mechanisms underlying the anatomical features of GVHD and GVL. To achieve this, we used functional assays and in vivo imaging to measure the cytotoxic activity of donor CTLs in different organs after a miHAg-mismatched allo-HSCT. We demonstrated that in vivo cytotoxic activity of donor CTLs directed against a hematological target is strikingly compartmentalized between organs. This segregation was dictated, at least partially, by differential expression of PD-1 ligands in distinct organ microenvironments, and was characterized by a decreased sensitivity of CTLs to antigen. Finally, we showed that compartmentalization of CTLs killing activity enhanced formation of niches for tumor relapses after allo-HSCT, which can be partially reversed by anti-PD-1 treatment. This represents an important novel insight for treatment of relapse after allo-HSCT
Nguyen, Quoc Stéphanie. "Etude des récepteurs NK et leurs ligands au cours des hémopathies malignes et après greffe des cellules souches hématopoïetiques chez l'homme." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077067.
Full textNatural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity is reported to mediate strong GvL (graft versus leukemia) effect in patients after haploidentical stem-cell transplantation (SCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The aim of our study was to evaluate NK cell reconstitution and their GvL effect after HLA mismatched SCT for advanced malignant hématologie diseases. NK cells generated after haploidentical SCT exhibited an immature state characterized by specific phenotypic features (the cytotoxic CD3"CD56dim subset was small, expression of KIRs and NKpSO was reduced, while CD94/NKG2A expression was increased), and impaired functioning, having potential impact on GvL effect. This impaired lysis was due to the ligation of CD94/NKG2A (on NK celle) with HLA-E, its ligand (on target cells). IFN-g produced by immature CD56bnght NK cells upregulated cell surface expression of HLA-E on AML blasts and this upregulation protected leukemic cells from NK-mediated cell lysis through the mediation of CD94/NKG2A. NK cell reconstitution was better when the graft was less extensively depleted in T cell, leading to a higher level of NK cytotoxicity against AML cells and a better clinical outcome, despite a strong T cell mediated graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) reaction. Following umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT), NK cells display not only some phenotypic features associated with maturity but also unique characteristics that make them fully functional against leukemic blasts. As a result, those NK cell might provide GvL effect after UCBT. Ail those results raise the question of the instauration of NK cell tolerance after allogeneic SCT, which mechanisms will be further discussed
Vinsonneau, Ulric. "Traitement du myélome par double intensification avec autogreffe de cellules souches périphériques CD34+ : à propos de 19 cas, étude non randomisée." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M040.
Full textMontcuquet, Nicolas. "Diminution de l'alloréactivité de cellules T cultivées ex vivo : étude in vitro des mécanismes et effet sur la reconstitution immunitaire in vivo dans un modèle de greffe allogénique de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA3004.
Full textWe have demonstrated previously that retroviral-mediated transfer of a suicide gene into bone marrow (BM) donor T cells allows an efficient control of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic BM transplantation. However, 12 days of ex vivo culture is required for the production of sufficient gene-modified cells (GMC). This process requires both CD3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) activation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) expansion resulting in a diminution of expanded cells alloreactivity (termed Co). This phenomena is independent of anergy, clonaI deletion during expansion or apoptosis inducing cell death during mixed lymphocyte reaction. - Here, we demonstrate that this phenomena is the result of T-cell functional exhaustion and not due to anypreferential expansion of regulatory T cells in the culture (Montcuquet N et al. Immunology 2008). - Our approach was then to try to improve the ex vivo culture conditions in order to maintain alloreactivity. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were activated with soluble CD3 MAb or CD3 and CD28 MAb co-immobilized on beads and expanded for 12 days in the presence of IL-2, IL- 7 or IL-15 before analysis of alloreactivity and phenotype. Replacing the CD3 MAb by CD3/CD28 beads led to similar in vitro alloreactivity but improved also expansion and in vivo alloreactivity of GMC. Replacing the IL-2 with IL- 7, but not IL-15, or decreasing IL-2 or IL- 7 concentrations, improved the in vitro alloreactivity of expanded cells but with lower expansion. Indeed, the alloreactivity of expanded cells was negatively correlated with cell expansion and positively correlated with CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8 expression levels (Mercier-Letondal P, Montcuquet N et al. Cytotherapy 2008). - ln a mouse model of Graft-versus-host Disease (GvHD) induction, memory T-cells are less allogeneic than naïve T cells. Memory T-cells also improve immune reconstitution. We examined the potential of expanded T-cells to improve immune reconstitution in the absence of GvHD. Indeed, expanded splenocytes can have the same effects as fresh memory T-cells. - Taken together these results should be useful in designing GMC therapy protocols where alloreactivity is maintained and co-administrated expanded T-cells offer a new cell therapy product
Caunday, Olivia. "Evaluation de la qualité des soins : approche par indicateur dans les centres européens de greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques accrédités JACIE." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0016/document.
Full textJACIE relies on transplant programs voluntarily applying for accreditation: it is important to understand that programs, rather than centres, apply meaning that all three infrastructures and teams (cell collection, cell processing and patient care unit) jointly engage in the accreditation process. The purpose of JACIE standards is to ensure a minimal level of quality, and harmonize laboratory and clinical practices in the field of onco-hematology. Implementation and follow-up of indicators do not necessarily reflect on quality and safety of patient care. The first aim of this study is to identify indicators set in place by the programs and to assess how their measure could be translated in qualitative benefit or quantitative benefit for the patient or the hospital. A survey was launched to 82 programs that were holding a valid accreditation, starting with French centres, and then extending to accredited programs in other European countries. Quality indicator is a tool for assessing healthcare delivery and indicator approach is commonly employed for risk management in healthcare systems. Thus, the second aim of this study is to understand whether a method was used to implement efficiently the indicators and to evaluate if all the HSCT processes are monitored
Jabbour, Jana. "L'impact d'une intervention nutritionelle chez les receveurs de cellules souches hématopoïétiques : résultats d'un essai contrôlé randomisé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0265/document.
Full textBackground: Conditioning preceding Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) has been associated with elevated rates of malnutrition until 100 days post HSCT.Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of nutritional counseling provided at hospital discharge on nutritional status 100 days post HSCT (defined as T4). Design: This was a single center randomized controlled trial among adult HSCT patients. Around discharge from the hospital, recruited patients were randomized to a Control Group (CG) receiving usual care and to an Intervention Group (IG) receiving nutritional counseling on a monthly basis post discharge.The primary outcome was the Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PGSGA) scores at T4. Malnutrition was also assessed though the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition/ Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics malnutrition score.Results: 52 participants were randomized (August 2016 until August 2017) and 46 were analyzed [65% males, 63% autologous HSCT, IG (n=22), CG (n=24)]. Groups were comparable at randomization. At T4, the percent of well-nourished patients was not significantly different between groups when assessed via PGSGA (72% IG vs. 43% CG, p=0.063).The percent of wellnourished patients as per AND-ASPEN criteria improved in IG at T4 (14% vs. 50%, p=0.02) and remained the same in CG (48% vs. 50%, p=1) compared to admission values. IG had higher protein and caloric intake (p<0.05). Conclusion:Nutritional counseling post HSCT improved patients’ protein and caloric intake and AND-ASPEN score but did not significantly improve PGSGA score
Lamarthee, Baptiste. "L'interleukine-22 dans la maladie du greffon contre l'hôte après allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA0006.
Full textGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is still the major complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. GVHDresults from the activation of the immune response and the recognition by donor T cells of alloantigens leading totissue injury, especially in skin, gut and liver. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a cytokine secreted by CD4+ T cells Th1 andTh17 but also by innate lymphoid cells (ILC). Given that IL-22 functions in the GVHD target tissues, weinvestigated its contribution in GVHD physiopathology using mouse experimental models. We showed that IL-22deficiency in donor cells reduced the severity of GVHD by limiting systemic and local inflammation. Moreover, inthe large intestine, IL-22 acts in synergy with type I interferon to increase Th1-like inflammation. In humans,GVHD severity is associated with microbiotal modification in the intestine. We demonstrated that IL-22 deficiencyin donor cells seems to favor lactobacillus colonization instead of clostridium. These changes of microbiotacomposition may reduce the severity of intestinal GVHD. Finally, we showed that the antitumor effect is preservedeven in absence of IL-22 donor cells. Overall, our data support the design of new clinical approaches aiming totarget IL-22 pathways in GVHD patients
Marmier-Savet, Caroline. "Etude de l'impact de la mobilisation des cellules souches périphériques (CSP) mobilisées par le facteur de croissance des granulocytes (G-CSF) sur les donneurs sains et les receveurs après allogreffe de CSP à conditionnement non myélo-ablatif." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA0025.
Full textThe hematopoietic stem cells represent a major therapeutic alternative in the treatment of some disease. The hematopoietic stem cell can be obtained by mobilization of the peripheral stem cells blood (CSP) by the growth factor of the granulocyte : the G-CSF. The short-term immunological effects of the mobilization by G-CSF at the donor are known, on the other hand, the long-term effects are it less. We realized a study on 24 donors to observe the alteration inferred by this mobilization. Blood samples are taken, before, at the moment and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the mobilization. The number of certain blood cells and their capacity to produce cytokines or immunoglobulins are perturbed by the mobilization but find normal values 3 in 6 months later. On the other hand, the mobilization by G-CSF is associated with a persistent aneuploidy of CD34- cells beyond 6 months post-mobilization. The long-term risk of the administration of G-CSF must be more amply studied. The peripheral stem cells transplantation after reduced-intensy conditioning regimen lead to less immediate toxicity. We studied several parameters post-graft of 20 recipients. The engrafment was fast, the counts of CD8 cells came back to a normal value 4 months after graft while the reconstruction of CD4 cells is much slower. Several results (number of TREC, number of memory's cells. . . ) show that this type of graft facilitates a reconstruction by peripheral expansion of T cells which the other cells can limit the incidence of severe infection post-graft
Le, Maux Amélie. "Immunomodulation par les molécules HLA-G solubles dans les syndromes lymphoprolifératifs et la GVHD aïgue : interaction avec des partenaires cellulaires de la réponse immunitaire." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S016.
Full textSoluble HLA-G proteins are immunomodulatory molecules expressed in many pathological contexts. Here, we first found that functional soluble HLA-G plasmatic level was significantly increased for patients suffering of lymphoproliferative disorders, compared to healthy subjects. Then, a significant correlation was observed between low soluble HLA-G plasmatic level and Graft-versus-Host Disease occurrence for peripheral haematopoietic stem cells transplanted patients. Furthemore, soluble HLA-G molecules (i) seem to have a link with natural regulatory T lymphocytes ex vivo for transplanted patients and in vitro in mixed leukocyte reaction. And (ii) they display the capacity to inhibit activation of NK cells mediated by dendritic cells. So, these results strengthen the role of soluble HLA-G molecules in peripheral tolerance, their expression being (a) detrimental for cancer immunosurveillance and (b) advantageous against complications in allogeneic transplantation. Soluble HLA-G proteins are immunomodulatory molecules expressed in many pathological contexts. Here, we first found that functional soluble HLA-G plasmatic level was significantly increased for patients suffering of lymphoproliferative disorders, compared to healthy subjects. Then, a significant correlation was observed between low soluble HLA-G plasmatic level and Graft-versus-Host Disease occurrence for peripheral haematopoietic stem cells transplanted patients. Furthemore, soluble HLA-G molecules (i) seem to have a link with natural regulatory T lymphocytes ex vivo for transplanted patients and in vitro in mixed leukocyte reaction. And (ii) they display the capacity to inhibit activation of NK cells mediated by dendritic cells. So, these results strengthen the role of soluble HLA-G molecules in peripheral tolerance, their expression being (a) detrimental for cancer immunosurveillance and (b) advantageous against complications in allogeneic transplantation
Bernard, Isabelle. "Caractérisation des propriétés alloréactives des sous populations lymphocytaires TCD4 et T CD8 CD45RChigh/CD45RClow : rôle dans l'allogreffe de moëlle osseuse." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30070.
Full textHaematopoietic allograft is the most powerful treatment against haematological malignancies. But allogeneic mature T lymphocytes present in the haematopoietic transplant are responsible for a major complication: the graft against the host (GVHD). The development of new strategies to modulate the alloreactivity of T cells in the transplant is thus necessary to prevent GVHD. This work shows that CD45RC expressed by T lymphocytes in the rat and in the humans, allows to distinguish distinct T cell subsets with different alloreactive functions. The CD45RChigh subset contains alloreactive lymphocytes responsible for GVHD, while the CD45RClow subset contains regulatory T lymphocytes capable of controlling this disease. This work suggests that D45RC could be a predictive marker of the GVHD evolution, improving the efficiency of this treatment
Philippe, Michaël. "Modélisation Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacodynamique du Busulfan en Onco-Hématologie Pédiatrique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1331/document.
Full textHematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative treatment in many pediatric diseases as leukemia, sarcoma, immunodeficiencies or thalassemia. Busulfan, a myeloablative alkylant, is the cornerstone of pre-transplant conditioning. It has a narrow therapeutic index and a large pharmacokinetic variability. For these reasons, therapeutic drug monitoring is required in order to optimize engraftment and avoid veno-occlusive disease, the main toxicity of busulfan which is responsible of significant morbidity and mortality. Today, the area under the curve, of which there is a target range recommended, is the pharmacokinetic parameter used to carry out therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustment during conditioning. Our objective is to investigate relationships between busulfan PK and clinical outcomes, especially veno-occlusive disease, and to develop methods of dose adjustment in order to optimize the use of this medication in children.Our work leaded to several methodological innovations, with the development and the validation of a non-parametric pharmacokinetic model for Bayesian dose adjustment of busulfan in pediatrics, and the development of a new method for the first dose determination maximizing the probability of achieving an exposure target range. From a clinical point a view, we highlighted the lack of clinical benefit in using an exposure target range narrower than those recommended. Furthermore, we identified that veno-occlusive incidence was correlated to the maximal concentration of busulfan, contrary to the area under the concentration-time curve.All of these results contribute to improving use and therapeutic monitoring of busulfan in pediatric onco-hematology
Maniangou, Zonzeka Bercelin. "Etude du polymorphisme allélique KIR pour optimiser la sélection des donneurs de greffes des cellules souches hématopoiétiques." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1022/document.
Full textNatural Killer (NK) cells are large granular lymphocytes able to kill leukemic cells after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Their cytotoxic functions are governed by many receptors, especially by the KIR receptors that recognize HLA class I molecules. These inhibitory (KIR2DL, KIR3DL) and activating (KIR2DS, KIR3DS) receptors are encoded by a family of 15 genes known to be polymorphic at allelic level. This allelic polymorphism may impact on NK cell phenotype and function, but remains difficult to evaluate by lack of appropriate methods. In this thesis project, we developed a Next- Generation-Sequencing approach to investigate the KIR allele polymorphism in volunteer blood donors. The results showed the reliability of our NGS approach for KIR allele typing. Then, we correlated the KIR2DL1/2/3 allele polymorphism with the phenotype and function of KIR+ NK cells. We found a limited diversity of KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL2/3 alleles that impact the phenotype and function of KIR2DL+ NK cell subsets. This KIR2DL1/2/3 allele polymorphism modulates also the corresponding KIR-HLA-Cw interactions. At the fundamental level, this thesis project improves our knowledge on the impact of KIR allele polymorphism on the structuration and the function of KIR+ NK cell repertoire. Overall these data can help to refine the HSCT donor selection in the context of T replete haploidentical HSCT to unravel the role of alloreactive KIR+ NK cells mediating an antileukemic effect. More broadly, the knowledge of KIR alleles may also constitute a diagnostic tool in some viral infections, KIR associated diseases and pregnancy disorders
Fève, Frédérique. "Economie et statistique du don de cellules souches hématopoïétiques : contributions à la gestion des registres de donneurs volontaires." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30148.
Full textBoukouaci, Mohamed Wahid. "Analyse de l'influence de la diversité des gènes et des molécules HLA non classiques sur la survenue de la maladie du greffon contre l'hôte après greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077018.
Full textThe hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is often, in the post transplant, in the origin of severe or fatal complications, many of them are known to be under the control of immunogenetic factors. These genetic factors include major and minor antigens of histocompatibility and polymorphisms of genes of inflammation and immune response. Given the dual role of HLA class I unconventional at the innate response, and in terms of the specific response (adaptive), they can also intervene in the evolution of the graft. Initially we assessed whether the functional polymorphism of MICA gene (MICA-129), and serum levels of soluble MICA (sMICA) and anti-MICA antibodies (MICA-Ab) before and after HSCT could influence the incidence of cGVHD and relapse. Although the MIC A-129 Val/Val genotype and elevated sMICA sérum levels after HSCT are independently associated with incidence of cGVHD regardless of history of acute GVHD, the presence of MICA-Ab before transplantation confers protection against GVHDc. There is an inverse relationship between the MICA-Abs and sMICA, an antibody-based neutralization of deleterious effects of sMICA. Similarly, these genetic and phenotype characteristics of MICA influence the incidence of relapse. Altogether, these data suggest that the studied MICA genotype and phenotype specificities could be used as relevant biomarkers for cGVHD monitoring. In a second step, we analyzed the potential impact of HLA-E polymorphisms 0103/0101 and HLA-G insertion/deletion 14pb on the occurrence of severe complications after HSCT in geno-identical situation. The results suggest at first that the homozygous for HLA-E*0103 acts as a genetic protection against GVHDa and TRM and likely contributes to improve survival after transplantation, and secondly that the low expression of HLA-G 14pb is a risk factor for the incidence o severe GvHDa patients who received marrow as a source of stem cells
Bouligand, Jérôme. "Métabolisme in vivo du busulfan et toxicité hépatique au cours des greffes de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T078.
Full textBourdieu, Antonin. "Approche fonctionnelle et métabolique des cellules souches et des progéniteurs hématopoïétiques du sang périphérique en homéostasie à travers le modèle side population. Vers une nouvelle source de greffon hématopoïétique ?" Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0204/document.
Full textTo evaluate the possibility to control ex vivo expansion conditions, a key point to produce hematopoietic graft from steady state peripheral blood (SSPB), the objective of this project to characterize the functional properties, the metabolism and the transcriptomic regulations of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) from SSPB. Due to the lack of strong HSC’s marker in human, we choose to use the Side Population (SP) model, previously described as enriched in HSC in other hematopoietic compartments. In a first part of our work, we showed that HSC from SSPB are mainly inside the SP population. Indeed, SP cells from SSPB exhibit functional properties very closed from HSC. In addition, we found they strongly affected by low O2 concentrations, as HSC from bone marrow. In a second part, our results showed that HSC from SSPB use as much glycolysis as oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy they need to maintain their properties. All together, these data give some interesting information about HSC regulation and needs. They also suggest that HSC from SSPB could be considering as a potential source of hematopoietic graft for therapy
Jourdan, Eric. "Traitement des leucémies aiguës myéloïdes non promyélocytaires du sujet jeune : analyse de la base de données du BGMT." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21189.
Full textThis work focused on the BGMT database analysis of 1000 patients treated for an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) between 1984 and 2001. Patients who failed to enter complete remission (CR) after 1 course of chemotherapy are of particularly poor prognosis. Their outcome was studied with the aim to improve both salvage and post remission chemotherapy. For patients in CR, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) may decrease the risk of relapse. Results of a prospective randomized study designed to improve chemotherapy before ASCT are shown. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has the best antileukemic effect but also a high toxicity. Risk factors for outcome were analyzed and a prognosis index, based on the Cox model, was built. This index may be helpful to stratify allogeneic transplantation indications according risk groups
Xiong, Yu. "Impact du G-CSF sur le phénotype et les fonctions des cellules NK dans le cadre d’une immunothérapie post-allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0106/document.
Full textThe ability of natural killer (NK) cells to kill tumor cells without the need to recognize a tumor-specific antigen provides advantages over T cells and makes them appealing for a use as effectors for adoptive immunotherapy. However, the full therapeutic potential of NK cell-based immunotherapy has not been fully investigated in the context of leukemic relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Today, patients relapsing after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are often treated with donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) based on small cell fractions frozen at the time of the stem cell transplantation. Since peripheral blood stem cells are increasingly used as stem cell source and as source of cells for DLI, we aimed to evaluate the impact of G-SCF mobilization on NK cell phenotype and functions. Therefore, we compared the expansion capacity, the phenotype and the function of NK cells from blood for healthy donors, from allogeneic HSCT healthy donors or from autologous HSCT from patients. We also determine the impact of G-CSF on NK cell subset repartition before and after expansion in presence of IL-15. Our results showed that G-CSF administration to patients decreases CD56brightCD16+ NK cell population, proliferation and function. Overcoming this impairment in lymphoid capacity may be important to facilitate post-transplant immunotherapy
Ben, Azouna Nesrine. "Etude phénotypique et fonctionnelle des cellules souches mésenchymateuses et hématopoïétiques du sang placentaire en comparaison avec la moëlle osseuse ou le sang périphérique adulte." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3321.
Full textThe mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are adult stem cells which are at the origin of the ostebiastic lignage cells (O), adipocytes (A) and chondrobiasts (C). The MSC are initially found in the bone marrow (BM) but it also exists there in other tissues as the umbilical cord blood (UCB).Endowed with a regenerative potential, MSC can used in diverse degenerative pathologies in a purpose of tissular repair. Besides, their immunosuppressive properties allowed to envisage their use in a purpose of immunomodulation as during the reactions of transplant against the host in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSC). The essential purpose of this work was to compare the characteristics of the MSC derived from the UCB in comparison to those stemming from the bone marrow (BM)
Malard, Florent. "Rôle des lymphocytes Th17 et des cellules dendritiques plasmocytoïdes dans la réaction aiguë du greffon contre l'hôte après allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066261/document.
Full textAcute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major complication followingallogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) limiting the success of the therapy.GVHD is the result of alloreactive donor T cells attacking host tissues: the skin, gutand liver after activation by the recipient dendritic cells. The contribution of Th17cells in acute GVHD has been demonstrated in mouse models. However theircontribution in human acute GVHD remains unclear. We evaluated the presence ofTh17 cells in the intestinal mucosa of 23 patients and the skin of 35 patients atdiagnosis of acute GVHD using CCR6 and CD161, 2 markers of Th17 cells, andRORγt the key transcription factor of Th17 cells. CCR6+, CD161+ and RORγt+ cellswere significantly increased in the intestinal mucosa and the skin of patients withacute GVHD. Since plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) have been reported to drivethe differentiation of the Th17 subset, we quantified PDC using 2 markers CD123 andBDCA. PDC were significantly increased in the intestinal mucosa and the skin ofpatients with acute GVHD. Moreover, we observed a strong expression of the type IIFN-inducible protein Mx1 in the skin of patients with acute GVHD, suggesting thatPDC produce type I IFN. Overall this study provides evidence for a Th17-mediatedresponse and a potential pathophysiological link between PDC and Th17 in humanacute GVHD
Djaoud, Zakia. "Contribution des cellules NK KIR+ au contrôle de l'infection à cytomégalovirus : implication en greffes allogéniques." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=6eb20d24-693d-4fd3-b684-8b5ac0500d1f.
Full textNK cell alloreactivity plays a key role in anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity, particularly in the absence of T cells after allogeneic HSCT. CMV reactivation after transplantation induces clonal expansion of NKG2C+ KIR+ NK cells. This phenomenon is also observed in healthy CMV seropositive individuals. However, KIR contribution in controlling CMV infection is not documented. In this study, we observed that NKG2C+ NK cells amplified in CMV seropositive individuals mainly express KIR2DL receptors. In an in vitro model of allogeneic CMV infected iDC, we showed that KIR2D receptors are required for a better control of CMV infection by NK cells. Our results indicate a functional contribution of KIR2DL1+ and KIR2DL3+ NK cells in controlling CMV-infected C2C2+ iDC and suggest a CMV evasion for KIR2DL3+ NK cell recognition in HLA-C1 environment. Moreover, in an in vitro model of NK cell amplification after stimulation with EBV-B cells expressing pp65 phosphoprotein, we showed that the latter inhibits KIR2DL3+ NK cell proliferation. NK cell role in controlling CMV infection in kidney transplantation has also been explored in a model of HAEC infected by the virus, suggesting a key role of NKG2C+ NK subsets. In this study, we have revisited KIR2D specificities. We showed that KIR2DS2 can recognize HLA-C molecules belonging to C1 group and determined the functional impact of KIR2D engagement with cognate HLA-C ligands on NK cell alloreactivity and KIR2D repertoire formation. Taken together, these data contribute to better identify NK cell subsets involved in controlling CMV infection that is highly dependent on the nature of CMV-infected target cells, raising the importance of allogeneic transplant setting
Richard, Emmanuel. "Développement de vecteurs lentiviraux : application à la thérapie génique d'un modèle murin de protoporphyrie érythropoi͏̈étique." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21060.
Full textTransplantation of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) could represent an alternative to bone marrow transplantation when a match-HLA graft is not available. In this thesis, we have developed gene transfer vectors based on lentivirus (HIV-1) and tested their ability to deliver a therapeutic gene into HSCs, using a mouse model of erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). EPP is a genetic disease characterized by a ferrochelatase (FECH) deficiency, leading to the accumulation of toxic protoporphyrin associated with skin photosensibility. We demonstrate an efficient gene transfer into murine HSCs associated with long term skin photosensibility correction related to erythroid specific expression of the FECH gene. Coexpression of FECH and MGMT (methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase) genes allows metabolic correction and in vivo selection of genetically corrected HSCs transplanted without myeloablation after alkylating drug injection, leading to the long-term phenotypic correction of the disease
Laverdière, Isabelle. "Découverte de nouveaux marqueurs pharmacogénomiques de la maladie du greffon contre l'hôte en transplantation de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26966.
Full textHematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for several hematological cancers such as leukemia. Following transplantation, effective immunosuppression prophylaxis is mandatory to prevent the graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and improved the clinical outcome. However, GvHD still occurs in 25-50% of transplanted patient and is associated with high mortality rate. Optimization of immunosuppressive therapy is an easily modifiable factor that can improve the prognosis of patient after HSCT. In particular, polymorphisms of recipient and donor in genes with functions related to drugs transport, metabolism and action might influence the exposure and the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy, and thus the clinical outcome. The evaluation of 20 candidate pharmacogenes in donor-recipient pairs of HSCT identified genetic polymorphisms associated with the risk of GvHD. Recipient genetic status for ABCC1 and ABCC2, related to methotrexate (MTX) transport, as well as polymorphisms in genes encoding molecular targets (ATIC and MTHFR) of this drug, exhibit a remarkable influence on acute GvHD prevalence. Similarly, the cyclosporin molecular target NFATc1 also increases the risk of GvHD. Importantly, the presence of ≥2 of these SNPs was found to be associated with high risk of developing severe grade of acute GvHD. In donor, we identified protective alleles in pathways related to transport (SLC19A1) and action (DHFR) of MTX. Conversely, NFATc2 enhances the risk of acute GvHD. To improve our understanding of the process behind these associations, we have an ongoing prospective study in HSCT. This innovative study will provide the opportunity to evaluate the influence of such genetic markers on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of immunosuppressive drugs, as well as their relation with the risk of GvHD. For the specific needs of our study, we have developed two analytical methods based on mass spectrometry. The approaches we proposed in this thesis are complementary to conventional monitoring method and are promising tools to optimize drug therapy in HSCT. Identification of such biomarkers assessed before transplantation can help personalized patient care in order to prevent GvHD and improve survival.
Bensoussan-Lejzerowicz, Danièle. "Déficits congénitaux de l'immunité cellulaire et thérapie cellulaire : l'apport de la thérapie cellulaire dans la prévention des complications survenant au décours des allogreffes de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Nancy 1, 2007. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2007_0156_BENSOUSSAN-LEJZEROWICZ.pdf.
Full textAllogeneic hematopoietk stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only way to cure severe Primary Immune Deficiencies (PID). However, HSCT is, sometimes complicated by infections or Graft vers us Host disease (GVHD) which can lead to patient death. In this work we illustrate how, for three PIDs, Hyper IgM syndrome (HIGM), Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) and DiGeorge syndrome (cDGS), expert knowledge of the disease and its complications together with optimal management of the allogeneic HSCT procedure both increase the chances for a successful outcome. Analysing post-HSCT infections, we explain how B-cell depletion is very effective in preventing EBV -related lymphoproliferative syndromes. We also report the successful treatment of a pre-transplant Cryptosporidium parvum infection in two children with X-linked HIGM by an allogeneic HSCT that led to cure of the CD40L deficiency. Nevertheless, such an effective result seems to be favored by the absence of severe hepatic impairment at the time of transplant. We then study how to prevent GVHD by graft manipulations. We report CD34-positive selection limits in a patient with W AS and we also present different alloreactive depletion methods to prevent GVHD while preserving graft anti-infectious capacity. Finally, in the specifie case of cDGS, we report on the effectiveness of unmanipulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell infusion to avoid a conditioning regimen and to simplify allogeneic transplantation procedure
Hurot, Vincent. "Intérêt des facteurs de croissance hématopoi͏̈étique chez des patients ayant subi une greffe allogénique de cellules souches hématopoi͏̈étiques." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P048.
Full textHammoud, Mohammad. "Effet de l’association des basses concentrations d’O2 et des cellules stromales mésenchymateuses sur l’expansion ex vivo des cellules souches et progénitrices hématopoïétiques." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA3008/document.
Full textTo optimize at best the hematopoietic engraftment, we suggest in this work to improve the ex vivo expansion conditions by moving them closer to physiology. Indeed, we propose to culture placental CD34+ (HSC/PH) on MSC layer in combination with LO2-C to ensure the amplification of HP together with the maintenance/expansion of HSC. Compared to the single culture and/or atmospheric oxygenation, our experimental model allows a better maintenance of primitive HP (Pre-CFC) and HSC together with a quite good amplification of total cells, CD34+ cells and committed HP despite of lower than control condition. Moreover, exogenous IL-3 shows crucial effect in co-culture at LO2-C (1.5% O2) since its addition better preserves and even increases the number of HSC compared to the CD34+ cells control from D0. We then studied the secretion of soluble factors in culture supernatants and found that IL-6, VEGF and IL-8 were present in larger quantities at LO2-C in both co-culture and MSC culture. Finally, the CD146, CD49a, CD54, CD200 and CD105 membrane antigens appear to be up-regulated in MSCs when incubated at 5% O2. However, the involvement of these factors and antigens in paracrine effect and/or direct cell to cell contact mechanisms at LO2-C requires further investigations. In conclusion, the combination of LO2-C and MSC would be promising in the field of HSC/PH grafts expansion to achieve its main objective of reducing the post-transplant cytopenia period together with maintaining the long-term graft potential
Aveni-Piney, Maud D'. "Le rôle immunomodulateur dans la réponse allo-immune de cellules hématopoïétiques mobilisées par du G-CSF." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T021.
Full textAllogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (Allo-HSCT) is the most effective immunotherapy for acute leukemia, due to the development of graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect mediated by alloreactive donor T cells. However, donor T cells specific for recipient alloantigens are also responsible for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a life-threatening complication that frequently occurs after allo-HSCT. The administration of Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is routinely performed to collect Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (PBSC) from healthy donors for allo-HSCT. Few studies identified that G-CSF can induce myeloid suppressive cells in mice (CD11b+ Gr1+) with no human counterpart. We demonstrated in our study that G-CSF can induce a new population named CD34+Monocyte. The cumulative incidence of acute grade II to IV GVHD following allo-HSCT was lower in patients receiving grafts containing CD34+ monocyte frequencies above 12% of the CD34+ population. In mice, we demonstrated that G-CSF mobilized a highly conserved CD34+ monocyte population. CD34+Monocytes require T cell-mediated IFN-γ to produce Nitric Oxide that inhibits T cell activation and proliferation. In vivo, we report that CD34+ monocyte-derived NO regulates the alloreactive response by inducing T cell apoptosis and subsequently, the induction of regulatory T cells. In fact, uptake of apoptotic T cells by macrophages triggers them to produce high levels of TGF-β that drives the expansion of Tregs and induces immune tolerance. Such tolerogenic monocytes could represent a good candidate for the development of novel immunoregulatory and therapeutic cellular therapies
Yakoub-Agha, Ibrahim. "Etude des sous-populations lymphocytaires T naïves et mémoires centrales, effectrices et de différentiation terminale dans le cadre de l'allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S009.
Full textLatis, Eleonora M. T. "Exploring immunological mechanisms of human graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/LATIS_Eleonora_va.pdf.
Full textAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment for many hematologic malignancies. However, its success is hindered by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a potentially fatal complication deriving from alloreactive donor T cells attacking recipient tissues. Acute GVHD (aGVHD) prevalence lies between 40 and 80% depending on transplant characteristics. GVHD is the main cause of non-relapse morbidity and mortality after HSCT and despite the advances in the field, disease processes in humans remain poorly understood.In this study we investigated the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of immune cells in patients after HSCT and in their HLA-identical sibling donors, with the goal of defining immune parameters associated with the recovery of donor-derived immunity and with the development of acute GVHD. We analysed 101 donor-recipient pairs in three independent cohorts for which blood was collected from the donors before transplantation and for the recipients either at aGVHD onset, before any treatment, or at day 30 or 90 post-HSCT for recipients that did not develop GVHD. On the donors’ and recipients’ samples we performed cellular profiling using spectral flow cytometry as well as gene expression analysis.Immunophenotyping reveals an incomplete reconstitution of the T cell compartment in the recipients, with an inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio, both at one and three months after HSCT. Moreover, the reconstituting T cell compartment is characterized by a shift in the effector/memory phenotype of these cells, with a parallel depletion of the naïve T cell pool. NK cell reconstitution is characterized by an expansion of the CD56bright subset, while monocytes undergo an expansion of CD16+ cells. At aGVHD onset recipients have an increase of cells with a T stem cell memory-like (TSCM-like) phenotype compared to recipients without aGVHD. These cells may represent a cellular reservoir for GVHD, maintaining the production of alloreactive T cells in the presence of host persistent antigens. Molecular profiling shows that donor T cells react to the environment of the host by acquiring an activated phenotype, with upregulation of genes associated with T cell activation, adhesion, migration and effector functions. T cell transcriptome profiling at aGVHD onset shows upregulation of inflammatory mediators as well as genes involved in cytokine signal transduction, cell migration and cell trafficking.Our data demonstrate that comprehensive analysis of the distribution of different immune cell subsets with flow cytometry together with gene expression profiling can contribute to elucidate the processes involved in immune reconstitution and acute GVHD development in humans. In the future, studies with new technologies will hopefully bring insights into the mechanisms underlying GVHD development that will help design new preventive and therapeutic strategies to be applied in the clinics
Chevallier, Patrice. "Infection par l'herpesvirus humain de type 6 (HHV-6) après allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques : influence de la nature du greffon sur la réactivation virale." Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=76376e2b-15e7-4bfd-a3f2-cd60005a1fde.
Full textCord blood (CB) is increasingly used as an alternative source of graft in adults with hematologic malignancies, predisposing patients to a theoretical increased risk of infections. In a retrospective study, we compared the incidence of CMV, EBV and HHV-6 viral infections after allogeneic transplantation using stem cells issued from either unrelated donor or cord blood (CB). A very significant increase in the frequency and intensity of HHV6 infections was observed in patients receiving CB grafts. To explain this phenomenon, we then determined the cellular composition and the CD46 (ubiquitous HHV-6 membrane cell receptor) expression in several types of blood and graft sources. These data, obtained by multi-parametric flow cytometry analyses, showed a very significant deficiency in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs, cells professionally involved in antiviral defense of the organism through production of type 1 interferon) and lower CD46 cells expression in CB grafts. Finally, to clarify the possible effects of the virus on cell functions, we performed preliminary in vitro experiments consisting on HHV-6 infection of sorted human peripheral pDCs issued from healthy donors. These early data showed a modulation of CD80 and CD86 expressions on pDCs associated with a significant stimulation of type 1 IFN-alpha secretion by these cells. So far, the significant influence of cord blood graft source on HHV-6 reactivation after allogeneic transplantation remains to be elucidated
Guerino, Cunha Renato Luiz. "Corrélations pronostiques entre les polymorphismes génétiques de la réponse immunitaire et les résultats des greffes de sang de cordon ombilical et placentaire." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077183.
Full textIntroduction. There is no data showing the importance of polymorphisms for umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) recipients. Objectives. Evaluate the influence of genetic polymorphism of UCBT recipient and/or umbilical cord blood unit (CBU) in the results of UCBT. Methodology. Candidate genes selected are: NLRP, TIRAP, 1L-10, REL, TNF, CTLA-4. Through a retrospective cohort study, 851 CBU samples and 173 recipient samples were genotyped. Further, genotypes were evaluated with existing clinical data on Eurocord database. Results. The multivariate analysis showed, for recipients of CBU with GG genotype of CTLA4, the following inferior outcomes for: overall survival (HR 1. 36; 95% Cl 1. 03-1. 80; p=0. 03), disease free survival (n = 696; HR 1. 41; 95% Cl 1. 06-1. 88; p=0. 02), transplant related mortality (HR 1. 41; 95% Cl 1. 24-1. 59, p=0. 01) and neutrophil engraftment (HR 1. 25; 95% Cl 1. 10-1. 41; p=0. 01). In addition, for recipients of CBU with TT genotype of IL-10 showed better neutrophil engraftment (HR 0. 77; 95% Cl 0. 68¬0. 87; p=0. 03) and platelets engraftment (HR 0. 66; 95% CI 0. 59-0. 75; p<0. 01). Recipients of CBU with GG genotype for TNF had lower platelet engraftment (HR 2. 15; 95% CI 1. 90-2. 43; p<0. 31). Conclusion. CTLA4, IL-10 and TNF have shown to modify UCBT outcomes according to the CBU genotype. Results of CTLA4 on survival and transplant related mortality suggest that this polymorphism should be considered for CBU choice algorithm
Davaine, Eolia. "Implication de l'axe CX3CL1/CX3CR1 dans la physiopathologie de la réaction aiguë du greffon contre l'hôte en allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066385/document.
Full textThis study investigated the role of cytokines and chemokines in acute graft-versus host disease (aGVHD) incidence and severity in 109 patients who underwent reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Among the 42 cytokines tested at day 0, only CX3CL1 levels at day 0 was significantly associated with grades II to IV aGVHD development (P=0.04). Increased levels of CX3CL1 at day 30 and day 50 post-HSCT were also significantly associated with aGVHD (P=0.02 and P=0.03, respectively). No such association was found before conditioning regimen or at day 100 post-HSCT. Because the receptor for CX3CL1 is CX3CR1, the number of CX3CR1+ cells was determined by flow cytometry. The CX3CR1+CD8+T cell proportion was significantly higher in patients with aGVHD than those without aGVHD (P=0.01). To investigate the distribution of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in the anatomic sites of aGVHD, CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 levels were studied using an in situ immunohistochemical analysis on gastro-intestinal biospsies of patients with intestinal aGVHD. CX3CL1 expression was significantly increased in the epithelial cells and mononuclear cells of the lamina propria. CX3CR1+ cells mononuclear cells were identified in close contact with epithelial cells. These findings strongly suggest the implication of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in the pathogenesis of aGVHD