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Journal articles on the topic 'Gresham's law'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Saloman, Randi. "‘Do you think you're at the Gresham?’: Accepting Imperfection in ‘The Dead’." Modernist Cultures 10, no. 2 (July 2015): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2015.0107.

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Dublin's Gresham Hotel, where Gabriel and Gretta Conroy end their evening in Joyce's most famous short story, has a fascinating history. It was founded in 1817 by Thomas Gresham, who began life as a foundling rescued from the steps of London's Royal Exchange and was thereby given the name of the Renaissance statesman who built that exchange. This sixteenth-century Thomas Gresham was even better known, however, for his eponymous ‘Gresham's Law’. Both Gresham's Law and the hotel setting and history enter into and help to shape ‘The Dead’. Questions of value and valuing suggested by Gresham's Law are shown to be more complicated than they initially appear, as they intersect with the various forms of hospitality traced in the story. The ‘secondary’ quality of the famous Dublin hotel (built by the second, unknown Thomas Gresham) underscores – and ultimately redeems – the theme of secondariness that runs through ‘The Dead’.

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2

Rolnick, Arthur J., and Warren E. Weber. "Gresham's Law or Gresham's Fallacy?" Journal of Political Economy 94, no. 1 (February 1986): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/261368.

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3

Cohen, J. H. M. "Gresham's law." Lancet 344, no. 8927 (October 1994): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92328-0.

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4

Cho, In-Koo, and Kenneth Kasa. "Gresham's Law of Model Averaging." American Economic Review 107, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): 3589–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20160665.

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A decision maker doubts the stationarity of his environment. In response, he uses two models, one with time-varying parameters, and another with constant parameters. Forecasts are then based on a Bayesian model averaging strategy, which mixes forecasts from the two models. In reality, structural parameters are constant, but the (unknown) true model features expectational feedback, which the reduced-form models neglect. This feedback permits fears of parameter instability to become self-confirming. Within the context of a standard asset-pricing model, we use the tools of large deviations theory to show that even though the constant parameter model would converge to the rational expectations equilibrium if considered in isolation, the mere presence of an unstable alternative drives it out of consideration. (JEL C63, D83, D84)

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5

Moore, John W. "Academic Extensions of Gresham's Law." Journal of Chemical Education 85, no. 4 (April 2008): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed085p475.

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6

Stein, Sherman. "Gresham's Law: Algorithm Drives Out Thought." Humanistic Mathematics Network Journal 1, no. 1 (June 1987): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5642/hmnj.198701.01.04.

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7

Stein, S. K. "Gresham's Law : Algorithm Drives Out Thought." Humanistic Mathematics Network Journal 1, no. 13 (May 1996): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5642/hmnj.199601.13.12.

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8

Greenfield, Robert L., and Hugh Rockoff. "Gresham's Law in Nineteenth-Century America." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 27, no. 4 (November 1995): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2077791.

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9

Fraser, Ronald. "Achieving Organizational Balance and Gresham's Law." Public Personnel Management 22, no. 2 (June 1993): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609302200209.

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Gresham's Law: Daily routine drives out long-range planning. When an individual or an organization is responsible for performing both highly programmed, time-sensitive and reward-filled tasks, and relatively unprogrammed, long-range and unrewarded tasks, the former will tend to take precedence over the latter.

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10

Li, Yiting. "Government transaction policy and Gresham's law." Journal of Monetary Economics 49, no. 2 (March 2002): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3932(01)00110-6.

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11

Postoutenko, Kirill. "Gresham's Law, Conceptual Semantics, and Semiotics of Authoritarianism." Contributions to the History of Concepts 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/choc.2014.090101.

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The aim of this article is to explore to what extent the rule of economics commonly known as Gresham's law (“bad money drives out good money”) can be extrapolated to verbal language (“bad concepts drive out good concepts”). Consequently, the goal of this article is twofold. First, for Gresham's law to be applied simultaneously to money and language, its unfortunate (“good”/“bad”) and obscure (“drives out”) wording should be clarified. Second, one should identify the contexts in which the validity of the law could be assessed best, and run a very preliminary test. For this purpose, the circulation of the adjective (“hard”, “strong”, or “stable” in Russian) in the word combination (“hard currency”) in use in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s was scrutinized.

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12

Ricketts, Martin. "Adverse Selection, Gresham's Law and State Regulation." Economic Affairs 35, no. 1 (February 2015): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12108.

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13

Guidotti, Pablo E., and Carlos A. Rodriguez. "Dollarization in Latin America: Gresham's Law in Reverse?" Staff Papers - International Monetary Fund 39, no. 3 (September 1992): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3867472.

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14

Aiyagari, S. Rao. "Gresham's Law in a Lemons Market for Assets." Canadian Journal of Economics 22, no. 3 (August 1989): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135549.

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15

Guidotti, Pablo Emilio, and Carlos A. Rodriguez. "Dollarization in Latin America: Gresham's Law in Reverse?" IMF Working Papers 91, no. 117 (1991): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451941357.001.

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16

Carolina Sparavigna, Amelia. "Some Notes on the Gresham's Law of Money Circulation." International Journal of Sciences, no. 02 (2014): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijsci.417.

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17

Henige, David, and James T. Sabin. "Are Bibliographers Like Shortstops? Gresham's Law and Africana Bibliography." History in Africa 17 (January 1990): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171811.

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A well conceived and executed reference book can become a perennial, a notable tool indispensable to research in the field…Despite its relatively brief history, African studies has developed a remarkably abundant bibliographic infrastructure to support its aims. This is tangibly evidenced in the recent appearance of Yvette Scheven's cumulated bibliography of Africana bibliographies, which comprises citations to well over 3200 bibliographies of various stripes published between 1970 and 1986, or an average of nearly 200 each year. Of course, some of the parts of the structure overlap and even duplicate other parts, and by no means has every effort attained acceptable standards, but on the whole there has been little about which to be ashamed or mortified.Perhaps this should come as no surprise. In theory at least, the obstacles to preparing useful bibliographies are not outrageously demanding, and not at all commensurate with their enduring value. Mechanically, there are only a few rules, but these are unrelenting: entries must be accurate in all their parts, as well as complete, yet should be economical as well, and not provide useless information; coverage must be comprehensive within stated parameters; and access must be facilitated by means of thoughtful organization, extensive cross-referencing, and thorough and sensitive indexing. The intellectual challenges to accomplishing these goals might not be overwhelming; nonetheless forethought, punctilious and constant attention to detail, linguistic ability, doggedness, and above all a commitment to the highest standards of accuracy are all imperative.

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18

Selgin, George. "Salvaging Gresham's Law: The Good, the Bad, and the Illegal." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 28, no. 4 (November 1996): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2078075.

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19

Dutu, Richard. "Moneychangers, Private Information and Gresham's Law in Late Medieval Europe." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 22, no. 3 (December 2004): 555–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610900011654.

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RESUMENEn este artículo retomamos una vieja explicación de la Ley de Gresham, que descansa en el tráfico de monedas protagonizado por los cambistas. Centrándonos en la Edad Media, presentamos materiales que sugieren que los cambistas hacían uso de la información privilegiada de que disponían en relación con el dinero, para hacer beneficios a través de operaciones de arbitraje y de retirada de la circulación de las mejores monedas. En ambos casos, su actividad daba como resultado la desaparición parcial –y a veces total– de las monedas infravaloradas.

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20

Bullen, Ross. "Blood Money: Gresham's Law, Property, and Race in Faulkner'sGo Down, Moses." Canadian Review of American Studies 42, no. 2 (January 2012): 194–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cras.42.2.194.

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21

Boudreau, Cheryl. "Gresham's Law of Political Communication: How Citizens Respond to Conflicting Information." Political Communication 30, no. 2 (April 2013): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2012.737422.

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22

Kindleberger, Charles P. "The Economic Crisis of 1619 to 1623." Journal of Economic History 51, no. 1 (March 1991): 149–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700038407.

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Various states in the Holy Roman Empire prepared for the Thirty Years' War by creating new mints and debasing the subsidiary coinage. The process spread through Gresham's Law: bad money was taken by debasing states to their neighbors and exchanged for good. The neighbor typically defended itself by debasing its own coin. The resulting hyperinflation was terminated early in the war by an agreement to return to the Imperial Augsburg Ordinance of 1559. TheKipper- und Wipperzeit, as the period is called, illuminates the geographic spread of financial crises, German hypennflations of this century, and current proposals for “free banking.”

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23

Velde, François R., Warren E. Weber, and Randall Wright. "A Model of Commodity Money, with Applications to Gresham's Law and the Debasement Puzzle." Review of Economic Dynamics 2, no. 1 (January 1999): 291–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/redy.1998.0037.

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24

Hawkes, David. "Thomas Gresham's Law, Jane Shore's Mercy: Value and Class in the Plays of Thomas Heywood." ELH 77, no. 1 (2010): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/elh.0.0074.

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25

Ramamoorti, Sridhar, Dorsey L. Baskin, and George W. Krull. "The Gresham's law of measurement and audit quality indicators: Implications for policy making and standard-setting." Research in Accounting Regulation 29, no. 1 (April 2017): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.racreg.2017.04.009.

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26

Albert, Rocío, and Francisco Cabrillo. "Gresham's law in politics: Why are politicians not the most remarkable men for probity and punctuality?" European Journal of Law and Economics 21, no. 2 (April 2006): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10657-006-6644-3.

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27

Chen, Yen-liang, and Cheng-chung Lai. "GOOD MONEY DRIVES OUT BAD: A NOTE ON FREE COINAGE AND GRESHAM'S LAW IN THE CHINESE HAN DYNASTY." Economic History of Developing Regions 27, no. 2 (December 2012): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20780389.2012.745660.

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28

Venieri, Alessandro. "GRESHAM'S LAW: THE LIFE AND WORLD OF QUEEN ELIZABETH I'S BANKER by JohnGuy, Profile Books (2019), 320 pp. ISBN: 978–1788162364 (hb, £25); 978–1782835417 (e‐book, £15.80)." Economic Affairs 39, no. 3 (October 2019): 442–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12373.

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29

Simmons, Edlyn S. "Patent databases and Gresham’s law." World Patent Information 28, no. 4 (December 2006): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2006.07.012.

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30

Sathyamala, C., and Jacob M. Puliyel. "Polio vaccine and Gresham’s law." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 71, no. 12 (December 2004): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02829833.

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31

Yang, Ya-Po, and Jin-Li Hu. "Gresham’s law in environmental protection." Environmental Economics and Policy Studies 14, no. 2 (November 26, 2011): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10018-011-0025-z.

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32

Kovacic, Branislav. "Gresham’s Law and News in a Post-Truth World." Asia Pacific Media Educator 29, no. 1 (April 21, 2019): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1326365x19838926.

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Economists and finance experts have studied how ‘bad money drives out good’ and formulated Gresham’s law (Mokyr, 2003). The law states that the more expensive money tends to disappear from circulation because it is counterfeited, hoarded, or exported. One can propose a similar principle in the news business – real, verified, and socially relevant news tends to be replaced by fake, unverified, and often socially irrelevant news. This tends to happen not only in the American version of news production models (purportedly neutral and objective) but also in other more ideologically and politically oriented news production models.

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33

Yakovlev, Alexander I. "COMPETITION VERSUS MONEY: THE DIGITAL ROUBLE AND GRESHAM’S LAW." Journal of Regional and International Competitiveness 3, no. 3 (2022): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52957/27821927_2022_3_4.

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34

Alam, Noorain, R. Rangasayee, Vikas Sinha, Deepanshu Gurnani, Dilavar Barot, and Niral Modi. "Gresham′s law in audiology field." Indian Journal of Otology 19, no. 4 (2013): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-7749.124509.

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35

Wagner, Gerhard. "Typicality and Minutis Rectis Laws: From Physics to Sociology." Journal for General Philosophy of Science 51, no. 3 (April 24, 2020): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10838-020-09505-7.

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Abstract This paper contributes to the clarification of the concept of “typicality” discussed in contemporary philosophy of physics by conceiving the nomological status of a typical behaviour such as that expressed in the Second Law of Thermodynamics as a “minutis rectis law”. A brief sketch of the discovery of “typicality” shows that there were ideas of typical behaviour not only in physics but also in sociology. On this basis and in analogy to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, it is shown that the nomological status of sociological laws such as Gresham’s Law can also be conceived as “minutis rectis laws”.

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36

El-Erian, Mohamed A. "Gresham’s Law: The Life and World of Queen Elizabeth I’s Banker." Contributions to Political Economy 39, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cpe/bzaa009.

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37

Peter, Bernholz,. "Paper Money Inflation, Prices, Gresham’s Law and Exchange Rates in Ming China." Credit and Capital Markets - Kredit und Kapital 30, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/ccm.30.1.35.

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38

Sanz de la Higuera, Francisco José. "Buena moneda y mala moneda en los hogares de Burgos en el siglo XVIII = Good coin and bat coin in the household of Burgos in the eighteenth century." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 16/17 (July 30, 2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i16/17.1333.

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<p>Merced a los inventarios de bienes de la ciudad de Burgos a lo largo del Setecientos, se accede a las disponibilidades de dinero en efectivo y a los tipos de monedas que los hogares atesoraban en el interior de sus viviendas. No en todos ellos hallamos liquidez monetaria. A la postre, la tipología del numerario diferenciaba, de manera notoria, a quienes, ya fuera al hilo de su óbito o en sus existencias cotidianas, eran poseedores de “buena” moneda –en plata y en oro– de aquellos que únicamente disponían de vellón, la “mala” moneda. Empero, los hogares acaparaban los metales “nobles” no sólo a través del numerario sino también en las cuberterías, en los relojes, en las alhajas y adornos personales, en algunos pertrechos religiosos, etcétera. La ley de Gresham, “La moneda buena expulsa a la mala”, se traducía en la práctica no sólo en la circulación habitual de la moneda de peor calidad cuanto en que los hogares menos afortunados disponían, cuando les era posible, de la moneda más modesta. La buena moneda era propiedad de los aristócratas y los privilegiados.</p><p>With probate inventories in the city of Burgos during the eighteenth century, we gain access to the available cash and the types of coins hoarded in households. Not in all of them we find liquidity. Ultimately, type of cash made a noticeable difference between those who, close to their deaths or in their daily lives, had “good money –silver or gold– and those who only possessed fleece –the bad money. However, households hoarded “noble” metals not only through cash but also in cutlery, clocks, jewellery and personal ornaments, some religious supplies, and so on. Gresham’s law, “The good money drives out the bad”, was put into practice not only in the normal movement of poorer quality coin as but also in the fact that the less fortunate households when they could, possessed more modest currency. The coin was owned by aristocrats and privileged ones.</p>

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39

Pecquet, Gary M., and Clifford F. Thies. "Money in occupied New Orleans, 1862–1868: A test of Selgin’s “salvaging” of Gresham’s Law." Review of Austrian Economics 23, no. 2 (July 8, 2009): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11138-009-0090-8.

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40

Wojciszke, Bogdan, and Konrad Bocian. "Bad Methods Drive out Good: The Curse of Imagination in Social Psychology Research." Social Psychological Bulletin 13, no. 2 (May 29, 2018): e26062. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/spb.v13i2.26062.

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We agree with Doliński (2018, this issue) that behavior is disappearing as an object of study of contemporary social psychology and it has been increasingly replaced by verbal declarations of imagined behaviors, which are analyzed as dependent variables. We read this as a case of a methodological version of Gresham’s law: “bad methods drive out good”. We notice a complementary trend on the side of manipulations of independent variables. Instead of manipulating real situations, researchers frequently instruct their participants to imagine these situations. In effect, social psychology drifts to studying imaginary behaviors in imagined situations and this poses a serious threat for the validity of our findings. We present one study comparing responses to imagined and actually experienced situations (concerning moral judgment and trust) and find that these two types of situation produce divergent responses. We conclude that imagined situations cannot be a source of knowledge about responses in situations that people really experience.

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41

O’Donnell, Ian. "The Society of Captives in an Ethiopian Prison." Prison Journal 99, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885519836947.

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Much has been written about the challenges of prison life. Dominant themes—hearkening back to the classic work of Gresham Sykes in The Society of Captives—include the pains of confinement, prisoner-staff power dynamics, the argot roles that shed light on the values of the prisoner society, and the struggle to find and maintain a stable equilibrium. But our understanding tends to be rooted in research carried out in Europe and the United States. This account of an Ethiopian prison returns to Sykes’s work, with a view to adding some necessary nuance to contemporary debates about the carceral society.

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42

Denhere, Varaidzo, and David Mhlanga. "THE USE OF SURROGATE CURRENCY TO ADDRESS LIQUIDITY CRISIS: THE ZIMBABWEAN EXPERIENCE." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE 9, no. 3 (2021): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejef.2021.09.03.002.

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Zimbabwe has experienced an economic meltdown dating back to 2000, which created perennial economic woes such as a liquidity crisis that continued haunting the country to date. Various possible solutions were explored but did not yield the desired results. Amongst the explored solutions was an introduction of surrogate currency specifically to curb the liquidity crisis. This paper sought to explore the effects of using "surrogate currency" to address the liquidity crisis in Zimbabwe by employing a desk review. Currently, there is a dearth of literature on using surrogate currency in African countries. Hence this study contributes to the existing literature on the use of such currency. The review established that the surrogate currency led to the emergence of bad money as propounded by Gresham’s law of currency systems. Moreover, the surrogate currency rapidly lost its value, whereas the introduction of the surrogate currency failed to address the liquidity crisis, leading to other socio-economic challenges. Finally, financial reporting under the surrogate currency became a challenge as well. This study recommends the withdrawal of the surrogate currency and the use of multicurrency along with the promotion of products for export to attract more foreign currency into the economy.

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43

Gentle, Paul F. "Rice as an Early form of Money in the Economic Sense: Satisfying Store of Value, Unit of Account and Medium of Exchange Requirements." SocioEconomic Challenges 5, no. 1 (2021): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.5(1).89-94.2021.

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This article examines the special case of rice in different parts of the World, as it was used for an additional purpose, besides providing for nutritional needs of people. When confidence in a system of currency with coins is present, this more conventional form of money takes precedence. A respected economic form of currency which may include paper and coins or accounts thereof, has all three elements of money: a medium of exchange, a store of value and as a unit of account. In this article, the concept of value includes subjective value, what people have in terms of pleasure and displeasure in regard to owning and seeing a particular object. This article shows that rice satisfied the three requirements for serving as a form of money, at some time periods and in some areas of the World. It has been found that rice met the three criteria necessary for them to be a type of money, in history in different countries. Some examples include certain past time periods in parts of Indonesia, Greece, North America, Japan, and some other places. Although rice was later found to not work as well, compared to some other specific forms of money. Understanding how different forms of money appear and then are replaced by other forms of money is important in the quest to understand what exactly money is. Monetary theory concepts concerning Gresham’s Law and the Quantity Theory of Money are discussed in regard to using rice as money.

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44

Gentle, Paul F. "Cocoa as an Early form of Money in the Economic Sense: Satisfying Store of Value, Unit of Account and Medium of Exchange Requirements." SocioEconomic Challenges 5, no. 4 (2021): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.5(4).90-97.2021.

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This article examines the special case of cocoa in different parts of Mesoamerica, as it was used for an additional purpose, besides providing for nutritional needs of people, as well as for religious and other ceremonies. When confidence in a system of currency with coins is present, this more conventional form of money takes precedence. A respected economic form of currency which may include paper and coins or accounts thereof, has all three elements of money: a medium of exchange, a store of value and as a unit of account. In this article, the concept of value includes subjective value, what people have in terms of pleasure and displeasure in regard to owning and seeing a particular object. This article shows that cocoa satisfied the three requirements for serving as a form of money, during some time periods and in some areas of Mesoamerica. It has been found that cocoa met the three criteria necessary for them to be a type of money, in history in different countries. Some examples include certain past time periods in parts of Mesoamerica (part of present-day Latin America). However, cocoa was later found to not work as well, compared to some other specific forms of money. Understanding how different forms of money appear and then are replaced by other forms of money is important in the quest to understand what exactly money is. Monetary theory concepts concerning Gresham’s Law and the Quantity Theory of Money are discussed regarding using cocoa as money.

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45

Cottee, Simon. "The Western Jihadi Subculture and Subterranean Values." British Journal of Criminology 60, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 762–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz081.

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Abstract This article draws on the criminological work of Gresham Sykes and David Matza as a starting point for theorizing the nature and appeal of the western jihadi subculture, defined here as a hybrid and heavily digitized global imaginary that extols and justifies violent jihad as a way of life and being. It suggests that at the centre of this subculture are three focal concerns: (1) Violence and Machismo; (2) Death and Martyrdom; and (3) Disdain of the Dunya. More critically, it argues that these three focal concerns have immediate counterparts in the shadow values of the wider society with which western jihadists are in contention. This argument has important implications for debates over radicalization and the attractions of jihadist activism.

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46

Claydon, S. M. "1. A Bolt from the Blue." Medicine, Science and the Law 33, no. 4 (October 1993): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249303300414.

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The crossbow was one of the most efficient military weapons of the Middle Ages but the development of portable firearms meant that it was eventually relegated to the museum shelf. The medieval crossbow was accurate and deadly but took some time to load because of the windlass used to wind the string, thus increasing the velocity and range of the bolt, or quarrel. By contrast, the English longbows of Crecy and Agincourt were far less accurate but could fire six arrows in the time taken to shoot one bolt and the continual raining-down of missiles proved more successful in battle than accuracy of aim. This paper describes the homicide of a young business woman outside her London flat in 1987. Today crossbow fatalities are extremely rare on both sides of the Atlantic but Dr Siva described a case of suicide in 1979 and Professor Gresham presented a case of crossbow homicide to the BAFM in June 1976.

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47

Grigorkin, Vasily А. "European Financial Crisis of 1763." Economic History 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.060.019.202301.058-065.

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Introduction. The financial factor had its full effect during the next major pan-European conflict – the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763). The Seven Years’ War can be considered as the “zero” World War of the 18th century. Its fighting took place in all parts of the world and oceans known then. All the major Christian powers of that time were drawn into it. In terms of the level of militarization, this war surpassed all previous coalition wars. The financial crisis caused by the Seven Years’ War was also very different from the previous ones and had a pan-European effect. The purpose of the article is to study the causes of the financial crisis of 1763. Materials and Methods. Comparative-historical, chronological and genealogical research methods were used, the principles of objectivity and historicism were observed. Results. The crisis was led by the confidence of some banks and financial firms in a win-win business related to the supply of military operations. Discussion and Conclusion. After Frederick II began defacing coins, according to the Copernicus – Gresham law, degraded money is forced out of circulation by full-weight ones, so the German princes, who were neighbors of Prussia, were forced to voluntarily lower the silver content in their coins. There was nothing left but to start the debasing process. This leads to the financial crisis of 1763.

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de Saussure, Sophie. "Dan Kaminski et Philippe Mary (dir.) La société des captifs. Une étude d’une prison de sécurité maximale. Bruxelles : Larcier, 2019, 334 p., traduction augmentée de Gresham M. Sykes, The Society of Captives. A Study of a Maximum Security Prison. Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1958." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 35, no. 1 (April 2020): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2020.4.

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Rolnick, Arthur J., and Warren E. Weber. "Gresham's Law or Gresham's 09acy?" Quarterly Review 10, no. 1 (December 1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.21034/qr.1012.

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Emblemsvåg, Marianne Synnes, and Jan Emblemsvåg. "How Bad Leaders Can Drive Out Good Leaders." Journal of Leadership Studies, November 14, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jls.21864.

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Destructive leadership has been thoroughly described in the literature. As the term itself indicates, destructive leadership is a leadership style that violates the well‐being or job satisfaction of subordinates, and destroys value for the organization directly, or through less motivated and effective employees. Despite such negative effects, some members might prosper from it and may even support destructive leadership. Worse, sometimes destructive leaders are promoted. If the organization rewards destructive leaders with promotions and responsibility, followers may see these behaviors as a way to get ahead and destructive behavior can become a part of the organizational culture. The literature still reports increased turnover intentions. In the current article, the consequences of destructive leadership on leaders and followers are examined. Specifically, destructive leadership is examined through a literature review and by using Gresham's law as an analogy. Gresham's law states that “bad money drives out good money,” and the current article demonstrates that a Gresham‐tendency can also be observed for leaders under certain circumstances. Thus, the current study converts Gresham's law into a conceptual model for the evolution of destructive leadership in organizations. The proposed model qualitatively describes how various types of destructive leaders influence the organization under certain circumstances.

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