Relevant bibliographies by topics / Grice's maxims

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Academic literature on the topic 'Grice's maxims'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Grice's maxims"

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Yolanda, Maya. "Grice's Maxims: Investigate the Intent of the Infringements in “The Prince And The Pauper” Conversational Discourse." Utamax : Journal of Ultimate Research and Trends in Education 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/utamax.v2i1.3405.

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Grice coins 4 maxims to govern daily conversation as a general rule. The maxims are Quantity, Performance, Value and Manner. On this basis, the author intends to address the breaches of Grice's maxims in film and to investigate the intent of the infringements in the Prince and the Pauper conversational discourse. Many sections of the film contain violations of Grice's maxim characters. The writer formulates two work problems in order to achieve these goals: Which of Grice's maxims was violated in The Prince and the Pauper movie by the addressees?; For what reasons are the maxims infringed by the addresses?. . Based on the analysis, the author argues that the characters, in particular Duke, Tom Canty, King, and the Earl of Hertford, have violated Grice's four maxims in the film dialogue. If they fail to provide sufficient information, tell their addressees to lie, provide irrelevant glosses, and fail to be real, concise, univocal, and orderly, they violate the Quantity, Value, Relevance, and Manner maxims, respectively. In reality, the writer believes that characters are breaching the maxims to trick colleagues, to be sweet, to save face, to avoid discussion, and to show self-interest.
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Lauer, Sven. "On the status of 'Maximize Presupposition'." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 26 (December 12, 2016): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v26i0.3947.

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Heim (1991) postulated the principle MAXIMIZE PRESUPPOSITION (MP), which has proven useful in the explanation of a range of phenomena But what kind of principle is MP? Is it a normative constraint on language use, akin to a rule in a game? Or is it similar to Grice's MAXIMS OF CONVERSATION, which capture defeasible tendencies in behavior motivated by general considerations about cooperative communication? I argue that either construal faces significant challenges, and provide an alternative conception of MP as a 'linguistic preference'—a (selfish) preference between linguistic forms that speakers happen to have. In this view, MP is neither a normative rule nor a Gricean maxim, but it functions like, and interacts with, such maxims in pragmatic reasoning.
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Kwarteng, Michael. "Pragmatic Analysis of ex-President Donald Trump’s interviews and its relation with the Grice’s (1975) Cooperative Principle." Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 3, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2021.3.3.4.

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This analytical-descriptive paper investigates the violation and the keeping of Grice's (1975) cooperative principles (CPs) in an interview between some American Journalists and former President Donald Trump. The study involved the observation and analysis of ten Donald Trump’s interviews in the context and content of racism, coronavirus, election, politics, leadership and social relation that were randomly selected via YouTube. Its aim was to assess critically the violation and the keeping of Grice's (1975) cooperative principles (CPs) and its maxims, the speech act theory, and also improve upon interlocutor’s communication skills. Also, pragmatically, the current study examines the perlocutionary effect of utterances on interlocutors and listeners in general, and further investigates a new way of understanding speakers' non-cooperative and cooperative attitude and their violation of Cooperative Principles and its maxims throughout the communication process. The research sample was solely analyzed through conversational implicature and the consideration of Grice’s four propounded maxims under cooperative principle, as well as the speech act theory. According to the results, speakers' uncooperative attitude is mostly influenced by psychological factors like frustration, irritation, nervousness, anxiety, conflict of interest, and other factors such as politeness, cheap praise, lack of adequate information, entertainment, and sometimes deliberate violation. It was also revealed that language users do sometimes cooperate most often than not due to the perlocutionary effect on listeners and themselves. Besides, interlocutors sometimes violate some maxims, because they have least or no idea about the consequences of their responses on their listeners as well as themselves. Also, it was evident that, albeit speakers might not be aware of Grice’s maxims and its Cooperative principles yet they habitually conform to it in communication process. The study recommends a deeper way for readers understanding of Paul Grice’s CP and its maxims, the speech act theory, and also improve upon their communication skills. In summary, it recommends that communicators, language learners, teachers and linguists are to be mindful about their diction and its consequences on their participants and the society as a whole.
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Barakhas, Widad Almas, and Sarab Khlil. "A Pragma-Stylistics Analysis of Lowell and Snodgrass’ Confessional Poems." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 11 (November 29, 2021): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.11.18.

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Analyzing any text according to pragmatic principles means approaching the text's meaning and the writer's intention. This study investigates the role of pragmatics theories in interpreting and understanding poetic text and their impact on the poet's style. In other words, how the poets exploit pragmatics theories, such as Searle's speech acts, Grice's maxims, and deixis, in their style of writing to convey their intended meaning to the readers. Therefore, two confessional poems are selected to be analyzed pragma-stylistically: The Dolphin was written by Robert Lowell (1973), and Mementos 1 was written by W. D. Snodgrass (1960s). The current study aims to: 1) analyze the texts of selected poems by applying pragmatics theories to find out the style of each poet through which one can reach the right interpretation of the poem.2) find out the most dominant type of speech acts used by each poet. 3) investigate any flouting of Grice's maxims. 4) identify types of deixis and find out the most dominant types used in confessional poems. The present study concludes that 1) representative speech acts are performed more than other types.2) most of Grice's maxims are flouted, and the quantity maxim is the most dominant flouted by each poet. 3) Both poets use person deixis more than other types.
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Hadi, Hussam Aldeen Nidhal, and Raniah Shakir AL Anssari. "A Pragmatic Study of Sarcasm in Selected TV Shows." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.7.16.

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Sarcasm as a linguistic strategy is a universal property of all languages which means it can be found in any language. However, this research proposes a pragmatic study of sarcasm in the English Language, American TV shows. Sarcasm could also be pragmatically defined by linking it to Grice's Maxims which means that the utterance is violating one of Grice's maxims to communicate something indirectly. This approach suggests that sarcasm is a vital notion in spoken and written language. It shows that the utterance is used to achieve another purpose that is not literal. The research paper contains five sections. Section one deals with the definition of sarcasm pragmatically. Section two shows sarcasm as a pragmatic notion or phenomenon. Section three discusses Grice's Maxims and how they are considered a model that speakers should follow for successful communication. Section four talks about the types of violations of the maxims. Section five tackles how the utterances from a TV show under investigation are violating the maxims to carry out the indirect meaning. The research closes off with the conclusion reached which is followed by the bibliography.
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Betti, Mohammed Jasim, and Noor Sattar Khalaf. "A Pragma-Stylistic Study of Implicature in Shakespeare's Hamlet and Twelfth Night." International Linguistics Research 4, no. 3 (September 2, 2021): p12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ilr.v4n3p12.

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Implicature is commonly defined as the dissimilarity between what is said and what is meant. The variance lies between the conspicuous meaning of written and spoken words and the meaning that lies beneath what is said. This study aims at analyzing and discussing Shakespeare's Hamlet and Twelfth Night in terms of generalized and particularized conversational and conventional implicature. The model used in the analysis is coined from a variety of pragmatic theories, implicature, Grice's maxims, irony, indirect speech acts, context, and hedges. It is hypothesized that the number of implicature cases in Twelfth Night is bigger than that in Hamlet, generation of implicatures by the characters in the two plays is highly determined by social factors, Hamlet and Cesario use implicature more than other characters, the most used implicature is the particularized one, the purpose of using implicatures differs in the plays, implicature is generated from flouting Grice's maxims and most implicatures are made by violating the relation maxim. The study concludes that the implications in Hamlet are more than those in Twelfth Night, that Shakespeare uses two implicatures generalized and particularized, and that Implicature in Hamlet and Twelfth Night is generated mostly by violating the maxims of quality. As for the least flouted maxim in the two plays is the maxim of quantity.
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Ramsay, A., and D. Field. "Speech Acts, Epistemic Planning and Grice's Maxims." Journal of Logic and Computation 18, no. 3 (December 5, 2007): 431–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exm073.

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Florentina, Safrida, and Ambalegin Ambalegin. "FLOUTING MAXIMS IN “BEAUTY AND THE BEAST” MOVIE." eScience Humanity Journal 2, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37296/esci.v2i1.23.

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Communication is one of important part in human life. This research related to the phenomenon of pragmatics. This research focused on analyzing the flouting of maxims in the Disney film entitled “Beauty and the Beast”. The purpose of this study is to determine the kinds of maxim flouting produced by the actor. For this research, the researchers used Grice's theory of flouting maxim. This research used descriptive qualitative as the research design which shapes how the report of the analysis would be descriptively. This research collected the data by applying observational and non-participatory technique by Sudaryanto (1993). As for analyzing data, the researchers used pragmatic identity method and pragmatic competence- in equalizing technique. From the analysis of the collected data, the researchers found that several conversations of the main characters in this film contained flouting of the maxims. Those were 4 data of maxim quantity, 4 data of maxim quality, 3 data of maxim of relevance, and 2 data of maxims manner.
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Abdulla, Ismail Abdulrahaman, and Suhayla H. Majeed. "A Pragmatic Analysis of Some Quranic Verses in Light of Grice's Cooperative Principle." Journal of University of Human Development 5, no. 3 (July 29, 2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v5n3y2019.pp127-133.

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The present paper is an attempt to evaluate the applicability of Grice’s Co-operative Principle and Conversational Maxims, as one of the outstanding models in Pragmatics, to some selected Quranic conversations. Grice’s model is regarded as template for the flow of conversations and interactions held between people. Quran, as a Holy Text in Islam, contains many speech events, i.e., situations wherein conversations take place. In the stories narrated in Quran, there are situations in which, as the ordinary life of the human beings, participants converse with one another. In this study , the researchers examine the applicability of the conversation model of Grice to the Quranic conversations. To this end, the researchers have quoted some verses from Quran, first in Arabic along with their translations in English , and analysed them in light of Grice’s model of conversation analysis. Findings indicate that in the Quranic conversations there are occasions where the maxims of conversation are observed and in some other cases not observed. This fact attests the universality of Grice’s model.
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White, R. "Adapting Grice's maxims in the teaching of writing." ELT Journal 55, no. 1 (January 2001): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/elt/55.1.62.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Grice's maxims"

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Al-Saedi, Hayder Tuama Jasim. "A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF THE COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE AND GRICE'S MAXIMS IN LOIS LOWRY'S THE GIVER." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1288.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the language of literary texts based on the pragmatic theories; Cooperative Principle and Grice's maxims. The researcher collected data from a science fiction novel, The Giver by Los Lowry. The findings reveal that most of the time, Lowry made the characters disobey Grice's maxims and the Cooperative Principle. Observance of the maxims was less than failure to observe the maxims. Lowry had her characters fail to observe the maxims for specific purposes such as generating new implicatures, hiding the truth for a period, or persuading and convincing the readers about a message Lowry wanted to convey.
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Lööf, Johan. "Gricean Maxims in the TV Series The Office : An analysis of the character Dwight regarding failure to observe Gricean maxims." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-69397.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the rule breaking of Gricean conversational Maxims and how it is used in the TV series The Office. The character Dwight has been in focus, and the main goal of this study is to find out if and how he violates the Gricean Maxims in conversations. The study is based on written transcripts from four episodes of this TV series. The character Dwight's conversations from these episodes have been analyzed in order to see how one or more of the four conversational maxims (quantity, quality, manner and relation) were dealt with. The maxim that Dwight turned out to break the most was the maxim of relation. Dwight is a character that contributes to this series by repeatedly breaking the conversational maxims.
Syftet med denna studie är att analysera överträdelser av Grices samtalsmaximer och hur de används in tv-serien The Office. Karaktären Dwight är i fokus och målet med studien är att ta reda på om och hur han bryter mot Grices samtalsmaximer. Studien baseras på fyra transkriberade avsnitt från denna tv-serie. Dwights konversationer i dessa fyra olika avsnitt har analyserats för att se hur en eller flera av konversationsmaximerna (kvantitet, kvalitet, uppförande och relation) har behandlats. Den maxim som Dwight visade sig bryta mot mest var relationsmaximen. Dwight är en karaktär som bidrar till denna humorserie genom att frekvent bryta mot samtalsmaximerna.
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Leonardi, Barbara. "An exploration of gender stereotypes in the work of James Hogg." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20351.

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A self-educated shepherd, Scottish writer James Hogg (1770-1835) spoke from a position outside the dominant discourse, depicting issues of his age related to gender, class, and ethnicity by giving voice to people from the margins and, thus (either consciously or unconsciously), revealing gender politics and Britain's imperial aims. Hogg’s contemporary critics received his work rather negatively, viewing his subjects such as prostitution, out-of-wedlock-pregnancy, infanticide, and the violence of war as violating the principles of literary politeness. Hogg’s obstinacy in addressing these issues, however, supports the thesis that his aim was far more significant than challenging the expectations of his contemporary readers. This project shows that pragmatics can be applied productively to literature because its eclecticism offers the possibility of developing a detailed discussion about three aspects of literary communication—the author, the reader and the text—without prioritising any of them. Literature is an instance of language in use (the field of pragmatics) where an author creates the texts and a reader recreates the author’s message through the text. Analysis of Hogg’s flouting of Grice’s maxims for communication strategies and of his defying the principles of politeness enables a theoretically supported discussion about Hogg’s possible intentions, as well as about how his intentions were perceived by the literary establishment of his time; while both relevance theory and Bakhtin’s socio-linguistics enriched by a historically contextualised politeness shed new light on the negative reception of Hogg’s texts.
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Zor, Bayram Mustafa. "Using Grice." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607724/index.pdf.

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Coherence in written discourse has been a problematic concept for many English Language Teachers when teaching to write in English. It is considered as a crucial part of academic written discourse, which students are expected to master to be able to pursue their academic studies. This study aims to examine how much the coherence-related difficulties/problems of Turkish EFL students in writing English essays are related to writing Turkish essays. The subjects for this study were chosen from the upper-intermediate level students at the Preparatory Program of Istanbul Bilgi University. For a detailed understanding of the nature of the coherence-related difficulties/problems of students&rsquo
Turkish and English essays, this study suggests a pragmatic analysis, involving the use of Grice&rsquo
s Cooperative Principle and maxims and sub-maxims of Cooperation. This study was conducted in the middle of 2005-2006 Academic Year with the participation of 20 students who were chosen randomly. Each student was asked to write an essay in English on a given topic from their weekly program. Threeweeks later, the same students were asked to write essays on the same topic in Turkish. Thus, 20 English essays and 20 Turkish essays (i.e., Total 40 essays) were collected as data for this study. The essays were rated for coherence by three different raters. All English essays were analyzed by one monolingual Americanrater and one bilingual (Turkish and English) rater. Similarly, all Turkish essays were analyzed by one monolingual Turkish rater and the same bilingual (Turkish and English) rater. The coherence ratings showed that there is a positive significant correlation between the coherence judgments of monolingual raters and the bilingual rater, which means that both monolingual raters and the bilingual rater agree on the similar coherence judgments. Next, the essays were analyzed in light of the Gricean Maxims to find the violations of each maxim in each essay by the researcher. In the comparison of maxim violations and the coherence judgments of the raters, the maxim of Relation was found to be the most significant maxim that affected the coherence judgments of the raters both for Turkish and English essays. In addition, Manner maxim was significant for Turkish essays and Quantity maxim was significant for English essays. However, in the comparison of the violation of individual maxims in Turkish and English essays, the violation of Relation maxim in English essays was found to correlate with the violation of Relation, Quality and Quantity maxims in Turkish essays. Similarly, violation of Manner maxim in English essays was also found to correlate with the violation of Quantity and Relation maxims. On the other hand, the violation of Manner maxim in Turkish essays was found to correlate with the violation of Quantity maxim in English essays. In conclusion, by looking at these relationships between Turkish essays and English essays, it may be argued that students may have inadequacies in writing skills or may lack some writing skills in Turkish, which may cause inadequacies in English academic writing skills. However, this study suggests the same study be replicated in different contexts and with larger sample sizes, similar research studies be conducted in Turkish writing instruction in the contexts of Turkish Secondary Education, and further studies be conducted on the effect of Relation and Manner maxims on other maxims.
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Ozhan, Didem. "Using Grice&#039." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605358/index.pdf.

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USING GRICE&rsquo
S COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE AND ITS MAXIMS FOR ANALYZING COHERENCE: A STUDY ON ACADEMIC WRITING Ö
zhan, Didem M.A., Program in English Language Teaching Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sü
kriye Ruhi September 2004, 95 pages Coherence in written discourse is considered to be a complex and a fuzzy concept but it is, at the same time, a crucial feature of any well-written text. The present study aims to contribute to the field of the teaching of the concept of coherence by proposing an approach to analyzing coherence in students&rsquo
essays in the context of the Department of Modern Languages (DML) at Middle East Technical University (METU) and to the teaching of the concept. The study suggests an approach involving Gricean maxims for analyzing coherence in freshman student argumentative essays at DML at METU. In order to achieve this aim, 50 essays were rated for coherence by two raters and the same essays were analyzed by the researcher for maxim violations. Next, the correlation between the raters&rsquo
judgments and the number of maxim violations in each essay and the correlation between raters&rsquo
judgments and the number of violations for each maxim in each essay was calculated. The findings revealed a significant negative correlation between the variables and a negative correlation between the violation of Quantity maxim most frequently and the raters&rsquo
judgments. The findings suggest that Gricean maxims can be used as a tool for analyzing coherence in student argumentative essays. The implications of this finding for the analysis of the essays, for the teaching, learning and assessment processes are discussed.
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Szczepanski, Peter. "Flouting the maxims in scripted speech : An analysis of flouting the maxims of conversation in the television series Firefly." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-38455.

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Although conversations in television shows are supposed to mimic and represent everyday natural speech, they are written for a specific purpose. The aim of this paper is to find out what maxims are flouted the most in the television series Firefly and analyse what the effects of these flouts are. Presented here is an analysis of how scripted conversation in the aforementioned television show is constructed. By applying Grice's cooperative principle and his theories on flouting and implicatures, certain patterns emerge that show recurring uses of flouts for specific effects. The results are based on a study of three episodes of the television series Firefly. The results show that the maxim of quality is flouted the most and that the distribution of flouts between characters is somewhat uneven. This suggests that the use of flouts has to do with the personalities of the different characters.
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Chen, Hung Chiao, and Saskia Weck. "Understanding Robots : The Effects of Conversational Strategies on the Understandability of Robot-Robot Interactions from a Human Standpoint." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172295.

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As the technology develops and robots are integrating into more and more facets of our lives, the futureof human-robot interaction may take form in all kinds of arrangements and configurations. In this study, we examined the understandability of di erent conversational strategies in robot-robot communication from a human-bystander standpoint. Specifically, we examined the understandability of verbal explanations constructed under Grice's maxims of informativeness. A prediction task was employed to test the understandability of the proposed strategy among other strategies. Furthermore, participants' perception of the robots' interaction was assessed with a range of ratings and rankings. The results suggest that those robots using the proposed strategy and those using the other tested strategies were understood and perceived similarly.
I takt med att teknologin utvecklas integreras robotar mer och mer i olika delar av våra liv. Framtidens människo-robot interaktioner kan ta många olika former och konfigurationer. I den här studien undersökte vi förståelsen för olika konversationsstrategier mellan robotar ur det mänskliga perspektivet. Specifikt undersökte vi förståelsen av muntliga förklaringar konstruerade enligt Grices princip för informativitet. En uppgift för deltagarna i testet var att försöka förutsäga robotarnas agerande. Dessutom utvärderades robotarnas interaktion genom att låta deltagarna rangordna och betygsätta dem. Resultatet tyder på att de robotar som använder Grices princip och de som använder de andra testade strategierna förstås och uppfattas på ett liknande sätt.
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Dornerus, Emma. "Breaking maxims in conversation : A comparative study of how scriptwriters break maxims in Desperate Housewives and That 70’s Show." Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Culture and Communication, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-19.

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When we converse we constantly fail to observe the rules of conversation in order to simplify and make dialogues more effective. The scriptwriters who work with TV shows use non-observances of maxims in order to evoke different feelings from their viewers. The aim of this paper was to investigate how frequently non-observances of maxims occurred in the TV shows Desperate Housewives and That 70’s Show. I examined where and why they were used as well as how often flouting was used compared to violations. The base of the study was a drama and a comedy show.

Research has shown that the maxim of relevance is most frequently used to create different comical or dramatic situations. The scriptwriters have their characters ignore what is relevant to the situations in order to make them come off as flustered, odd and stupid in humorous situations and as mysterious, cowardly, respectful or bold in dramatic situations. Also research shows that flouting occurs more frequently than violations when it comes to breaking maxims. Violations occur most often with the maxim of quality when the characters lie to mislead in order to direct blame away from him/herself. In Conclusion, this investigation has shown that non-observances of maxims are important for scriptwriters in order to create humorous and dramatic situations in verbal interaction.

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Vik, Frida. "Breaking maxims in a crime drama : A study on non-observances of maxims in crime drama Blindspot." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184990.

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The conversational maxims are guidelines to how a conversation should be conducted, but sometimes these maxims can be broken for different reasons. The aim of this thesis is to identify breakings of the conversational maxims in the crime drama Blindspot and to study which maxims are broken, for what purpose the maxims are broken and if there are any changes to the number of maxims broken between different seasons of the series. The results show that the maxim of quantity is most frequently broken in the episode from season one and the maxim of quality is broken most frequently in the episodes from season three and five. Some of the reasons for the breakings are sarcasm used for a comedic effect, not giving enough information to keep the viewers in suspense and as a way to change the subject or focus of a conversation.
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Hals, Elisabeth. "IrRelevant and Chaotic or Indeed Relatively Cooperative? : A Gricean comparison of chatroom and face-to-face interaction." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-739.

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Chatroom conversations often elicit an initial impression of chaos. This is probably chiefly due to disrupted adjacency sequences, but also a result of the language being rich in non-standard linguistic forms and grammar. This study explores chatroom conversations with reference to Grice’s (1975) cooperative principle and the maxims that accompany it, and compares them to real life conversations. The aim is to see whether they differ from real life conversations to the extent expected, and whether these differences give rise to any compensational strategies to ensure successful communication. The results reveal a slightly higher amount of maxim undermining in the chat room than in the real life conversations, but not as high as expected. Accordingly, few compensational strategies need be adopted. It is suggested that the main explanation for these findings is that chatroom users have adapted their conversation patterns to the medium.

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Books on the topic "Grice's maxims"

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Stokke, Andreas. Lying and Gricean Quality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825968.003.0002.

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This chapter argues against accounts of lying in terms of Gricean maxims. It first considers attempts to characterize lying in terms of Grice’s First Maxim of Quality, admonishing speakers to avoid saying what they believe to be false. Even though many lies are instances of covert violations of the First Maxim of Quality, the phenomenon of bald-faced lies demonstrates that some lies overtly violate the First Maxim of Quality. In light of this, one account takes lies to be violations of the First Maxim of Quality, covert or overt. This view is seen to wrongly count ironic utterances as lies. The chapter then goes on to discuss an alternative Gricean conception of lying in terms of the Supermaxim of Quality. Yet this view is seen to wrongly count false implicatures as lies. The chapter concludes that lying cannot satisfactorily be characterized in terms of Gricean maxims.
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Guen, Olivier Le. Managing epistemicity among the Yucatec Mayas (Mexico). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.003.0010.

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Many studies have supported the idea that human interaction relies on cooperation and joint action, implying that everyday communication has primarily a social motivation. According to Grice, interlocutors are expected to meet the informational needs of their interactional partner(s) in both accuracy and informativeness. However, conversional principles incompatible with Grice’s maxims have been found to be implicitly applied in traditional societies from Madagascar, the Pacific Islands, and Mesoamerica. This chapter considers the management of epistemicity among the Yucatec Mayas of Mexico, focusing on the function and use of evidential particles and the broader cultural context into which they fit. Another is to present the implicit rules that adults and children follow to evaluate and endorse claims of knowledge. Such rules might explain why Yucatec Mayas tend to be linguistically accurate in stating and evaluating knowledge sources. Because they expect others to lie or withhold information, they constantly monitor how their and others’ assertions and information are shared.
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Young, Michael, and Tim Blackwell. Live Algorithms for Music. Edited by Benjamin Piekut and George E. Lewis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199892921.013.002.

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Live algorithms are an ideal concept: computational systems able to collaborate proactively with humans in the creation of group-based improvised music. The challenge is to achieve equivalence between human and computer collaborators, both in formal terms and in practice (evident to both performers and audience alike). The fundamental question is the capacity for computational processes to exhibit “creativity.” The problems inherent in computer music performance are considered, in which computers are quasi-instruments or act in proxy for another musician. Theories from social psychology and pragmatics are explored to help understand live music-making as a special case of social organization; namely, Kelley’s covariation model of Attribution Theory and Grice’s Maxims of Cooperation. This chapter outlines a description of how human beings and computers might engage on an equivalent basis and proposes how social psychology theories, rendered in formal language, can point to new horizons in human-computer performance practice.
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Stokke, Andreas. Bullshitting and Indifference Toward Truth. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825968.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses the phenomenon of bullshitting, traditionally understood as utterances made by speakers who are indifferent toward the truth or falsity of what they say. It argues that indifference toward truth is a more differentiated phenomenon than originally proposed by such accounts. A way of understanding indifference toward truth in terms of indifference toward inquiry and questions under discussion is introduced. The chapter criticizes attempts to characterize bullshitting in terms of Gricean Quality maxims. It shows that speakers may be indifferent toward truth in the sense of being indifferent toward contributing true answers to questions under discussion while caring about the truth-value of their particular assertions. This view is applied to phenomena such as evasion and changing the topic, and argues that lying and bullshitting may sometimes be used to advance inquiry.
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Horn, Laurence. Pragmatics and the Lexicon. Edited by Yan Huang. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697960.013.8.

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Since Paul and Zipf, it has become evident that lexical choice and meaning change are largely guided by pragmatic principles. Two central interacting principles are, first, the least-effort tendency to reduce expression and, second, the communicative requirements on sufficiency of information. Descendants of this opposition include Grice’s bipartite Maxim of Quantity (‘Make your contribution as informative as/no more informative than is required’) grounded within a general theory of rationality and cooperation, the Q and R Principles (essentially ‘Say enough’/‘Don’t say too much’), and the interplay of effort and effect within Relevance Theory. This chapter motivates a (Q-based) constraint on lexicalization, surveys the role of the R principle in motivating the Division of Pragmatic Labour, syntagmatic reduction, narrowing of meaning, euphemism, and negative strengthening, and provides pragmatic motivation for the lexical clone, un-noun, and un-verb constructions, and for the complementary Avoid Synonymy and Avoid Homonymy principles.
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Hernandez, Rebecca Skreslet. Authority by Aggregation and Abstraction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805939.003.0005.

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In addition to his views on ijtihād and tajdīd, al-Suyūṭī’s lasting influence in Islamic legal thought lies in the area of legal precepts (pithy maxims or questions that sum up areas of the law). Al-Suyūṭī’s al-Ashbāh wa-l-naẓāʾir stands as a core work in this genre of legal literature and is still a popular textbook for students at Egypt’s premier institution of religious learning, al-Azhar. Using the pragmatic theory of Grice and others, I argue that legal precepts fulfill a number of key discursive functions for the jurist. It is with al-Suyūṭī’s Ashbāh that he is most successful in asserting his authority as an aggregator, abstractor, and framer of the law. The power of framing lies in the ability to distill key universal principles from the vast corpus of Islamic substantive law and to assert that these principles represent the essence and spirit of the Sharīʿa.
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Shuy, Roger W. Deceptive Ambiguity by Police and Prosecutors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190669898.001.0001.

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Much is written about how criminal suspects, defendants, and undercover targets use ambiguous language in their interactions with police, prosecutors, and undercover agents. This book examines the other side of the coin, describing fifteen criminal investigations demonstrating how police, prosecutors, undercover agents, and complainants use deceptive ambiguity with their subjects, which leads to misrepresentations of the speech events, schemas, agendas, speech acts, lexicon, and grammar. These misrepresentations affect the perceptions of judges and juries about the subjects’ motives, predispositions, intentions, and voluntariness. Deception is commonly considered intentional while ambiguity is often excused as unintentional performance errors. Although perhaps overreliance on Grice’s maxim of sincerity leads some to believe this, interactions of suspects, defendants, and targets with representatives of law are adversarial, non-cooperative events that enable participants to ignore or violate the cooperative principle. One effective way the government does this is to use ambiguity deceptively. Later listeners to the recordings of such conversations may not recognize this ambiguity and react in ways that the subjects may not have intended. Deceptive ambiguity is clearly intentional in undercover operations and the case examples illustrate that the practice also is alive and well in police interviews and prosecutorial questioning. The book concludes with a summary of how the deceptive ambiguity used by representatives of the government affected the perception of the subjects’ predisposition, intentionality and voluntariness, followed by a comparison of the relative frequency of deceptive ambiguity used by the government in its representations of speech events, schemas, agendas, speech acts, lexicon, and grammar.
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Book chapters on the topic "Grice's maxims"

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Senft, Gunter. "Theory meets Practice – H. Paul Grice’s Maxims of Quality and Manner and the Trobriand Islanders’ language use." In Further Advances in Pragmatics and Philosophy, 203–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72173-6_10.

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Tabe, Camilla Arundie. "Language and Humour in Cameroon Social Media." In Analyzing Language and Humor in Online Communication, 131–63. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0338-5.ch008.

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This chapter explores language use that incites laughter in Cameroon e-mail, Facebook, Yahoo Messenger and mobile telephone SMS. The incongruity and the incongruity-resolution theory (Ritchie, 1999; Mulder & Nijholt, 2002) and Gricean maxims were useful in the analysis of 270 electronic chats and messages. Results indicate patterns of language that create humour like flouting of Gricean maxims, special repetition of punctuation marks, sound devices, emoticons and hyperbole. Cameroonians employ these humorous linguistic forms for pleasure, intimacy and to maintain cultural values. It was established that the Facebook platform was more hospitable to humour than the others because all the linguistic markers that were detected to generate humour were found in it with high rates of occurrences.
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MORARU, Alexandra. "PRAGMATICS IN EUGÈNE IONESCO’S THEATER." In Scriitori români de expresie străină. Écrivains roumains d’expression étrangère. Romanian Authors Writing in Foreign Tongues, 91–112. Pro Universitaria, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52744/9786062613242.08.

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The use of Grice’s cooperative principles, conversational maxims and implicatures are of great utility in deciphering the semantic meanings of Ionesco's “absurdist” plays. Based on these concepts of pragmatic linguistics, we evaluate the meaning of Ionesco's short plays (The Bald Soprano, The Lesson and The Chairs) in relation to the communicative situation. Pragmatics is the field of linguistics that studies the meaning in conversation, as it is communicated by the speaker/writer and decoded to be understood by the listener/reader. Pragmatics is also the study of contextual meaning and how we communicate more than we say. Absurdist plays are particularly appropriate for such analysis, since reference and inference play an essential role in understanding the situation as well as the meaning of the characters in the tirades they utter on stage.
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Heffer, Chris. "Trust, Cooperation, and Insincerity." In All Bullshit and Lies?, 27–56. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923280.003.0002.

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This chapter teases out some key theoretical issues relating to the scope, ethics, and situated analysis of insincerity, as one of the two faces of untruthfulness. It begins by grounding sincerity in an indispensable human need for trust and cooperation and notes how insincerity can breach trust. It then gives arguments for why the TRUST framework does not focus on deception. Grice’s implicature is considered fundamental to understanding insincerity within a framework of communicative cooperation, but his sincerity maxim unnecessarily narrows its scope. Instead, insincerity is viewed as the disruption of inquiry. By drawing on a psychological account of how untruthfulness works in situated discursive practice, the chapter argues that the concept of insincerity needs to be extended to cases of “editing out” where there is no textual clue to omission. This broadened conception of insincerity, which subsumes misleading and lying under withholding, is termed discursive insincerity.
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Chatzopoulou, Katerina. "Introduction." In Negation and Nonveridicality in the History of Greek, 1–18. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712404.003.0001.

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The introductory chapter provides the basic facts on the diachrony of negation in Greek, the renewal of NEG1 and persistence of NEG2 in its core functions. A periodization of the Greek language is given along with details on the methodological approach and text selection. A brief historical overview on the matter of negator selection in Greek is provided starting from the Classical scholars of the 18th to early 20th century until more recent studies within generative grammar. The general reasoning of the argumentation and analysis is condensed regarding the positing of a Nonveridicality syntactic projection, discussed in relation to the notion of markedness, for which pragmatic grounding is posited: the Gricean maxim of quality.
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"Grice’s view of implicature raises even more basic questions. What is the ratio-nale behind the co-operative principle and maxims? Are there just the nine max-ims Grice mentioned, or might others be needed, as he suggested himself ? It might be tempting to add a maxim every time a regularity has to be accounted for. However, this would be entirely ad hoc. What criteria, then, do individual maxims have to meet? Could the number of maxims be not expanded but reduced? How are the maxims to be used in inference? Grice himself seems to think that the hearer uses the assumption that the speaker has observed the maxims as a premise in inference. Others have tried to reinterpret the maxims as ‘conver-sational postulates’ (Gordon and Lakoff 1975), or even as code-like rules which take semantic representations of sentences and descriptions of context as input, and yield pragmatic representations of utterances as output (Gazdar 1979). The flavour of such proposals can be seen from the following remarks:." In Pragmatics and Discourse, 144. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203994597-16.

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"more explicit and systematic than the intuitive reconstructions supplied by un-sophisticated speakers, the analyses of implicature which have been proposed by pragmatists have shared with these intuitive reconstructions the defect of being almost entirely ex post facto. Given that an utterance in context was found to carry particular implicatures, what both the hearer and the pragmatic theorist can do, the latter in a slightly more sophisticated way, is to show how in very intuitive terms there was an argu-ment based on the context, the utterance and general expectations about the behaviour of speakers, that would justify the particular interpretation chosen. What they fail to show is that on the same basis, an equally convincing justification could not have been given for some other interpretation that was not in fact chosen. There may be a whole variety of interpretations that would meet whatever standards of truthfulness, informativeness, relevance and clarity have been proposed or envis-aged so far. The theory needs improving at a fundamental level before it can be fruitfully applied to particular cases. In his William James Lectures, Grice put forward an idea of fundamental import-ance: that the very act of communicating creates expectations which it then exploits. Grice himself first applied this idea and its elaboration in terms of the maxims to a rather limited problem of linguistic philosophy: do logical connectives (‘and’, ‘or’, ‘if . . . then’) have the same meaning in natural languages as they do in logic? He argued that the richer meaning these connectives seem to have in natural languages can be explained in terms not of word meaning but of implicature. He then suggested that this approach could have wider applications: that the task of linguistic semantics could be considerably simplified by treating a large array of problems in terms of implicatures. And indeed, the study of implicature along Gricean lines has become a major concern of pragmatics. We believe that the basic idea of Grice’s William James Lectures has even wider implications: it offers a way of developing the analysis of inferential communication, suggested by Grice him-self in ‘Meaning’ (1957), into an explanatory model. To achieve this, however, we must leave aside the various elaborations of Grice’s original hunches and the sophisticated, though empirically rather empty debates they have given rise to. What is needed is an attempt to rethink, in psychologically realistic terms, such basic questions as: What form of shared information is available to humans? How is shared information exploited in communication? What is relevance and how is it achieved? What role does the search for relevance play in communication? It is to these questions that we now turn." In Pragmatics and Discourse, 145. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203994597-17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Grice's maxims"

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Jwalapuram, Prathyusha. "Evaluating Dialogs based on Grice’s Maxims." In RANLP 2017 - Student Research Workshop. Incoma Ltd. Shoumen, Bulgaria, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26615/issn.1314-9156.2017_003.

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Holtsova, M. H. "Violations of Gricean maxims in ironic similes." In CHALLENGES OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES, INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND TRANSLATION STUDIES IN UKRAINE AND EU COUNTRIES. Baltija Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-588-90-7-32.

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Looi, Qin En, and Swee Lan See. "The applicability of gricean maxims in social robotics polite dialogue." In the 6th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1957656.1957728.

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Sripada, Somayajulu G., Ehud Reiter, Jim Hunter, and Jin Yu. "Generating English summaries of time series data using the Gricean maxims." In the ninth ACM SIGKDD international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/956750.956774.

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JATI, Dindadari Arum, Mohammad Umar MUSLIM, and Uti ARYANI. "Grice Maxim Violation in Schizophrenic Patients' Speech." In Sixth International Conference on Languages and Arts (ICLA 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icla-17.2018.22.

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Jacquet, Baptiste, Jean Baratgin, and Frank Jamet. "The Gricean Maxims of Quantity and of Relation in the Turing Test." In 2018 11th International Conference on Human System Interaction (HSI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2018.8431328.

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Jacquet, Baptiste, Alexandre Hullin, Jean Baratgin, and Frank Jamet. "The Impact of the Gricean Maxims of Quality, Quantity and Manner in Chatbots." In 2019 International Conference on Information and Digital Technologies (IDT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dt.2019.8813473.

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Qwaider, Mohammed R. H., Abed Alhakim Freihat, and Fausto Giunchiglia. "TrentoTeam at SemEval-2017 Task 3: An application of Grice Maxims in Ranking Community Question Answers." In Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2017). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/s17-2043.

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