Academic literature on the topic 'Gridshell structure'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gridshell structure"
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soheila, kookalani, and Htayaung Htay. "GFRP Elastic Gridshell Structures: A Review of Methods, Research, Applications, Opportunities, and Challenges." Journal of Civil Engineering and Materials Application 7, no. 2 (2023): 71–94. https://doi.org/10.22034/jcema.2023.401834.1111.
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Gridshell structures have the potential to develop the construction process of free-form structures, offering numerous benefits. These include the minimum use of materials, light-weighting, the creation of a large span structure, structural efficiency, organic shapes, potential for quick and cost-effective construction, column-free spaces, maximum transparency, sustainability, and ease of deconstruction and recycling. Gridshells, regarding their architectural potential and intrinsic geometric rationality, are well-suited for creating complex shapes. Hence, the properties of gridshells depend on the equivalent pre-stress of the two-dimensional grid that was deformed. The mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), such as high elastic limit strain, strength, and Young’s modulus, can further enhance the potential of gridshell structures. Gridshell structures offer numerous opportunities for constructing double curvature shells. However, they also present challenges, particularly in the design and construction process, while minimizing stress and preventing breakages of elements under the influence of forces. This paper presents a review of GFRP elastic gridshell structures, including design and construction methods. Additionally, a case study of an existing gridshell structure, the Solidays gridshell, is presented. Finally, the opportunities and challenges associated with gridshell structures are discussed.
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Ghiyasinasab, Marzieh, Nadia Lehoux, and Sylvain Ménard. "Production phases and market for timber gridshell structures: A state-of-the-art review." BioResources 12, no. 4 (2017): 9538–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.4.ghiyasinasab.
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Timber gridshell is a structure with a doubly curved shape that is made of grid timber laths. Gridshell structure can be a solution of interest in modern free-form structures that are environmentally sustainable. However, there is a lack of academic research focusing on the potential markets and the production stages based on this construction technology. The aim of this literature review is to investigate the gridshell structure to identify its global production process, as well as the partners involved in the architectural examples studied. A review of both peer-reviewed scientific articles and grey literature resources (e.g., magazines, web pages, etc.) was conducted to gather information about timber gridshells. The design examples found were categorized as small, medium, and large gridshells. The categorization is based on the size and level of complexity of the design examples. Production phases and partners involved in the design and construction of these structures were identified for each category. Furthermore, the motivations and barriers to using gridshell designs in construction, and the potential market segments were determined.
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Goodarzi, Marjan, Mahshad Azimi, Ali Mohades, and Majid Forghani-elahabad. "Effects of different geometric patterns on free form gridshell structures." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 2 (2023): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i2.pp1698-1707.
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<p class="JIASSAbstract">Gridshells are commonly known as structures with the shape and rigidity of a double curvature shell consisting of a grid, not a continuous surface. In recent decades, these structures have attracted significant attention. The impact of various geometric patterns on free form gridshell structures is investigated here to demonstrate the necessity of collaboration between structural and architectural characteristics in enhancing structure efficiency. To that goal, a framework is proposed where three shells are first designed, and then six geometric patterns are formed on them. The main factors for evaluation of gridshells are decreasing the steel weight as an economic index and decreasing the displacement as a structural index, also, finite element method is used for structurally analyzing the gridshells, and the generated gridshells are compared to each other based on the mentioned indices. For the optimization process, an approach is suggested to find the most optimum gridshell, then numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed alternative approach.</p>
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Marjan, Goodarzi, Azimi Mahshad, Mohades Ali, and Forghani-elahabad Majid. "Effects of different geometric patterns on free form gridshell structures." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 2 (2023): 1698–707. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i2.pp1698-1707.
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Gridshells are commonly known as structures with the shape and rigidity of a double curvature shell consisting of a grid, not a continuous surface. In recent decades, these structures have attracted significant attention. The impact of various geometric patterns on free form gridshell structures is investigated here to demonstrate the necessity of collaboration between structural and architectural characteristics in enhancing structure efficiency. To that goal, a framework is proposed where three shells are first designed, and then six geometric patterns are formed on them. The main factors for evaluation of gridshells are decreasing the steel weight as an economic index and decreasing the displacement as a structural index, also, finite element method is used for structurally analyzing the gridshells, and the generated gridshells are compared to each other based on the mentioned indices. For the optimization process, an approach is suggested to find the most optimum gridshell, then numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed alternative approach.
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Dvořáková, Edita, and Bořek Patzák. "ISOGEOMETRIC BEAM ELEMENT EXTENDED FOR GRIDSHELL ANALYSIS." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 15 (December 31, 2018): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2018.15.0025.
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The design of gridshell structures is a complicated process, as the resulting shape of structure depends on initial undeformed grid geometry as well as on the history of boundary conditions used to form the final structure. In practice, the physical model is often used to determine the shape of the structure and the initial grid at the same time. Introducing Isogeometric analysis into a design of gridshells simplifies the design process as the problem can be easily recalculated when initial grid or boundary conditions change and the resulting shape can be immediately illustrated. The presented paper discusses possibilities in isogeometric gridshell modeling and proposes possible solutions of identified problems.
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Venuti, Fiammetta. "Influence of pattern anisotropy on the structural behaviour of free-edge single-layer gridshells." Curved and Layered Structures 8, no. 1 (2021): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cls-2021-0011.
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Abstract Free-edge gridshells represent the majority of built gridshells. Indeed, the gridshell reference geometry usually needs to be trimmed in order to provide building access or to insert the gridshell within an existing building, giving rise to one or more elastic boundaries. Despite the current design practice, so far a very limited number of scientific studies has been devoted to investigate the influence of elastic boundaries on the overall structural behaviour of gridshells. This paper focuses on the effects of the orientation of the boundary structure with respect to the grid direction. This is done by studying the buckling behaviour of an ideal single-layer steel gridshell, for different grid layout (quadrangular, hybrid, triangular) and orientation. The results of the parametric study demonstrate that the sensitivity of free-edge single-layer gridshells to the free-edge orientation strongly depends on the grid pattern. In particular, isotropic gridshells have shown an almost negligible influence of the free-edge orientation in terms of buckling load, in opposition to orthotropic gridshells. Moreover, the change in free-edge orientation induces significant variations of the global structural stiffness for all the layouts, resulting in possibly unacceptable displacements in service conditions.
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Baek, Changyeob, Andrew O. Sageman-Furnas, Mohammad K. Jawed, and Pedro M. Reis. "Form finding in elastic gridshells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 1 (2017): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713841115.
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Elastic gridshells comprise an initially planar network of elastic rods that are actuated into a shell-like structure by loading their extremities. The resulting actuated form derives from the elastic buckling of the rods subjected to inextensibility. We study elastic gridshells with a focus on the rational design of the final shapes. Our precision desktop experiments exhibit complex geometries, even from seemingly simple initial configurations and actuation processes. The numerical simulations capture this nonintuitive behavior with excellent quantitative agreement, allowing for an exploration of parameter space that reveals multistable states. We then turn to the theory of smooth Chebyshev nets to address the inverse design of hemispherical elastic gridshells. The results suggest that rod inextensibility, not elastic response, dictates the zeroth-order shape of an actuated elastic gridshell. As it turns out, this is the shape of a common household strainer. Therefore, the geometry of Chebyshev nets can be further used to understand elastic gridshells. In particular, we introduce a way to quantify the intrinsic shape of the empty, but enclosed regions, which we then use to rationalize the nonlocal deformation of elastic gridshells to point loading. This justifies the observed difficulty in form finding. Nevertheless, we close with an exploration of concatenating multiple elastic gridshell building blocks.
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Charest, Philippe, André Potvin, Claude M. H. Demers, and Sylvain Ménard. "Assessing the complexity of timber gridshells in architecture through shape, structure, and material classification." BioResources 14, no. 1 (2019): 1364–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.1.1364-1378.
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New possibilities offered by recent modelling software allow the design of organic shapes that are appealing to architects and engineers but may encompass serious issues such as an overconsumption of materials. In this context, there is a renewed interest in systems allowing the materialization of curved surfaces such as timber gridshells, which can be defined as shells with their structures concentrated in strips. However, gridshell design becomes highly challenging if complex grid configurations and new material possibilities are combinedly explored with form generations. These upheavals highlight the need for a classification system to seize the potential and the limitations of timber gridshells to address complex geometries. The classification of 60 timber gridshells enables a critical examination in the course of the ceaseless quest for complexity in architecture by evaluating current building possibilities and predict future building opportunities in terms of form, structure, and materiality.
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Charnele ; Anastasia Maurina, Charnele. "CONSTRUCTION EXPLORATION OF RECIPROCALDEPLOYABLE BAMBOO IN GRIDSHELL STRUCTURE SYSTEM." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 4, no. 03 (2020): 205–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v4i03.3929.205-233.
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Abstract - Existence of the need for a semi-permanent or temporary shelters that are easily and quickly built for certain events, for this reason this study explored the potential of transformative wide-span structures with the development and development of usable and reciprocal structural systems in the form of bamboo gridshell roof structures, into an independent arrangement composed of configuration modules with computational assistance according to architectural design needs. This is done by knowing the adequante potential of structural systems, design patterns, and connection systems in several study objects that are evaluated by comparative methods on system structure, connections, trunk character, distribution load, structure locking system, and application. The benefits of research on bamboo research for new materials in the engineering of bamboo materials that can increase the value of Indonesian locality by being able to be used by the community are needed in using bamboo materials for the development of permanent permanent shade. In result, discussion of the criteria for structural systems according to research objectives analysis of the objects of the study where transformation structures based on character structures that can be used as reciprocal structures are supporting systems to provide stability and an independent locking system. both of these structures are flexible and easily duplicated structural systems so that according to the wide span structure, the structural system is designed to make a gridshell. this gridshell form is processed with computational help to effectively create reciprocaldeployable structure systems. The research was explored, experiments were carried out on reciprocal patterns to find the most stable patterns and change the character of straight rods into reciprocal rods that could be deployed using elements such as scissors, which then developed the connection type with potential analyzers and displacement of each connection. The experiment produced a new structural system by collecting the second structural system obtained by a structure that can be transformed, has an independent locking system, and can stretch wide with a gridshell shape. Keywords : reciprocal, deployable, dome, gridshell, transformable
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Hashem Al-Tameemi, Esmail Adnan, Mohd Khairul Azhar Mat Sulaiman, and Sudharshan N Raman. "Construction Material Selection Criteria for Timber Gridshell Application: A Literature Review." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 35, no. 5 (2023): 991–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-01.
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Timber gridshells have the potential to be a sustainable and cost-effective solution for long-span applications and free-form architecture. Despite this, their overall use has been limited, and there is a lack of research focusing on their construction materials. This literature review aims to investigate timber gridshells and their construction materials to identify the criteria used in selecting suitable materials for gridshell applications. A review of peerreviewed scientific articles, books, and theses was conducted to gather information on timber gridshells, construction materials used in gridshells, timber used in active bending structures, and building standards. The research findings identified six main factors that are important when selecting a suitable material for timber gridshell application: structural strength and strength grading, bending strength and behaviour, bending strength/bending elasticity ratio, durability, commercial availability, and cost. These findings are also discussed to identify the characteristics that make a material suitable for timber gridshell applications, depending on the gridshell’s context, whether in a tropical or international context. This review serves as a necessary reference for architects and engineers when selecting materials for their timber gridshell projects, providing insight into the selection criteria for construction materials and sharing information on the material properties of suitable timber gridshell materials.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gridshell structure"
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Tayeb, Frédéric. "Simulation numérique du comportement mécanique non linéaire de gridshells composés de poutres élancées en matériaux composites et de sections quelconques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1067/document.
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Les structures constructives de type Gridshells sont réalisées à partir d'une grille régulière plane que l'on déforme élastiquement, puis que l'on rigidifie dans la position souhaitée. Les Gridshells en matériaux composites ont été développés et étudiés depuis plusieurs années au laboratoire Navier. La thèse propose, à travers un historique des réalisations Navier, un retour d'expérience. Elle identifie également les aspects à mieux maîtriser, d'un point de vue simulation numérique ou d'un point de vue matériau et technologie. La thèse détaille alors des développements numériques nouveaux permettant l'analyse ultime de la structure, prise en compte des ruptures de barres (robustesse), et permettant la prise en compte de la torsion dans des poutres anisotropes, c'est-à-dire à section quelconque. Dans le premier chapitre on traite ainsi du contexte dans lequel s'inscrivent les travaux sur les gridshells. La conception des gridshells au laboratoire Navier y est détaillée. En particulier, la méthode numérique historiquement utilisée, à savoir la méthode de relaxation dynamique, est présentée. Le second chapitre présente les réalisations du laboratoire Navier. Plusieurs prototypes ont été réalisés durant les dix dernières années. Les deux dernières structures, le gridshell de Solidays et la Cathédrale Ephémère de Créteil, ont été conçues et fabriquées pour accueillir du public. Les choix importants de conception et de fabrication de ces gridshells sont détaillés, avec un accent sur les avancées technologiques et sur les retours d'expérience. Le troisième chapitre traite du comportement des gridshells en matériaux composites. La démarche a été d'investiguer le comportement du gridshell pour comprendre les processus d'endommagement des gridshells. On montre que le flambement conditionne la robustesse des gridshells. En effet, les résultats de l'étude montrent que lorsque le gridshell a été bien dimensionné et que les risques de flambement de la structure sont écartés, la structure se comporte de manière robuste, du fait de sa forte redondance. Finalement, le dernier chapitre traite d'un nouveau modèle de poutre permettant de prendre en compte la torsion dans les poutres de section quelconque. Dans les précédents chapitres, il est souligné que la non prise en compte de la torsion peut-être préjudiciable pour diverses raisons, sous-estimation des contraintes, méconnaissance des efforts de jonctions, erreur sur la géométrie. Dans ce chapitre, le modèle de poutre est un modèle à quatre degrés de liberté, à la manière des travaux de Basile Audoly et Ethan Grinspun. La simulation numérique, à nouveau réalisée à l'aide d'un algorithme de relaxation dynamique, permet d'obtenir les configurations d'équilibre de structures fortement réticulées telles que les gridshells. Une des particularités de ce travail est que le modèle de poutre est développé en continu jusqu'à l'obtention des efforts intérieurs. Le modèle est ensuite discrétisé et implémenté de manière à pouvoir être utilisé. Une sous-étape permet d'ajouter des forces et des moments extérieurs. Pour des poutres de section rectangulaire, les résultats du modèle sont comparés à un logiciel élément fini et donnent de bons résultats en termes de précision et de temps de calcul. Finalement la méthode numérique est appliquée à des structures composées de poutres connectées. La transmission des efforts au niveau des connexions est implémentée. L'excentricité des connexions est également modélisée ce qui permet d'obtenir de précieuses informations sur les efforts transitant au sein des connexions. Grâce à ces travaux, il devient possible d'utiliser la richesse de forme que peuvent offrir les poutres élancées présentant deux inerties en flexion différentes<br>The structures like gridshells are structures made of a plane regular grid which is elastically deformed and then stiffened in the wished configuration. The composite materials gridshells have been developed and studied for several years at Navier laboratory. The thesis offer a feedback, through a history of Navier realisations. It also precise the points to improve, in numerical simulation or about materials or technological aspects. Then, the thesis explains the new numerical developments that make possible the ultimate analysis of the structure, taking account the ruptures of beams (robustness), and that makes possible the consideration of the torsion in anisotropic beams, that is to say beams with any cross-section. In the first chapter the context of the work is presented. This chapter explains how the Navier laboratory designs and builds gridshells. In particular, the numerical method historically used - the dynamic relaxation method - is presented. The second chapter presents the gridshell realisations of the Navier laboratory. Several prototypes have been built during the past ten years. The two last ones, the Solidays gridshell and the Ephemeral Cathedral of Creteil, have been designed to shelter public. The important choices during design and fabrication are detailed with an accent on technological progresses and feedbacks. The third chapter deals with the behaviour of composite materials gridhsells. The approach was to investigate the behaviour of the gridshell to understand the processes of damage. It is shown that buckling is particularly dangerous for the gridshell. The results of the study shows that when the gridshell has been well designed and in particular if buckling is avoided, the gridshell behave in a robust manner, thanks to its redundancy. Finally the last chapter deals with a new beam model, able to take into account torsion, for beams with any section. In the previous chapters it was underlined that the consideration of torsion aspects was lacking and has various consequences – incorrect estimation of stress, ignorance of forces and moments in connections, imprecision in geometry. In this chapter, the model of beams used is a four degrees of freedom model, similar to the ones presented by Basile Audoly and Ethan Grinspun. The numerical simulation, performed once again thanks to a dynamic relaxation algorithm, is able to provide equilibrium configurations of highly reticulated structures as gridshells. One of the particularity of this work is the fact that the model is a continuous model, only discretized for numerical simulations. The external forces and moments can be implemented. For beams with rectangular cross-section, the results of the model are compared to finite element modelling simulations. The results are satisfying in term of accuracy and computational time. Finally the numerical method is applied to structures made of interconnected beams. The connections are modelled and the efforts through them are provided by the model. This provides important information about how to design the connections. Thanks to these work it become possible to use the large possibility of shapes offered by slender beams whose flexural inertias are different
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Baek, Changyeob. "Geometry-driven filamentary structures : elastic gridshells, weaves, clasps, and knots." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130841.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, February, 2021<br>Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 217-232).<br>In this thesis, we cover four research topics in the realm of the mechanics of slender structures involving strong geometric constraints: elastic gridshells, triaxial weaves, elastic clasps, and elastic knots. These studies involve a combination of geometric reasoning, high-fidelity numerical simulations, and precision model experiments using scale-invariance and advanced imaging techniques (e.g., 3D laser scanning, and X-ray computed tomography). First, we study the shape and the mechanical response of elastic gridshells, the three-dimensional structure of which results from the out-of-plane buckling of an initially flat and biaxial network of rods. A purely geometric continuum model, originally introduced by Chebyshev for woven fabric, is used to describe the underlying kinematics and form-finding. The results suggest that rod inextensibility, rather than elasticity, is the primary factor that determines the shape of elastic gridshells.<br>Second, we investigate triaxial weaving, a craft technique used to generate surfaces using tri-directional arrays of initially straight elastic ribbons. Traditional weavers intentionally introduce discrete topological defects, leading to unsmooth surfaces in the overall structure. As an alternative point of departure, we achieve smooth, threedimensional weaved structures by prescribing in-plane curvatures to the flat ribbons. We demonstrate that a continuous range of integrated Gaussian curvatures can be achieved, which is not feasible using straight ribbons. The potential of this novel design scheme is demonstrated with a few canonical target shapes.<br>Third, we investigate the mechanics of two elastic rods in a crossing contact, whose geometric counterpart is often referred to in the mathematics community as a 'clasp.' We compare our experimental and computational results to a well-established description for ideal clasps of geometrically rigid strings, finding that the latter acts as an underlying 'backbone' for the full elasticity solution. Our findings suggest that the tight contact between rods must be analyzed as a three-dimensional solid, not a one-dimensional rod. We also study a frictional elastic clasp with relative motion between the two rods. Finally, we present preliminary results on the full three-dimensional finite element method simulations of tight elastic knots, as a continuing discussion of tight contact between filaments. Our numerical results reveal significant deviations for the tight knots from existing one-dimensional models for loose overhand knots.<br>Our findings corroborate the three-dimensional nature of the tight contact that we demonstrated during the investigation of the elastic clasp.<br>by Changyeob Baek.<br>Ph. D.<br>Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Douthe, Cyril. "Etude de structures élancées précontraintes en matériaux composites : application à la conception des gridshells." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENPC0728.
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Les matériaux composites sont des matériaux nouveaux qui possèdent une grande déformabilité et une grande raideur. Les structures de bâtiment qui requièrent ces deux propriétés sont peu nombreuses et les gridshells en sont un bon exemple. En effet, ces structures à double courbure sont obtenues par déformation élastique puis rigidification d’une grille plane sans raideur en cisaillement. Les grands déplacements et les grandes rotations qui surviennent durant la phase de montage de ces structures élancées précontraintes nécessitent la prise en compte de non-linéarités géométriques importantes. Un outil numérique spécifique reposant sur la méthode de la relaxation dynamique est donc développé et validé. Il permet une nouvelle approche de la forme des gridshells et la mise au point d’une méthode de recherche de forme originale. Il est également utilisé pour l’étude géométrique et l’analyse structurelle de prototypes de gridshells en matériaux composites construits sur le site de l’École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées.
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Tang, Gabriel Jin-Peng. "Re-surface : the novel use of deployable and actively-bent gridshells as reusable, reconfigurable and intuitive concrete shell formwork." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31282.
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Following a well-documented rise in the popularity of concrete shell application in the 20th century, thin concrete shells have experienced a global decline despite their potential as efficient structures with an economy of material use with aesthetics benefits. This phenomenon is subject to geographically determined socio-economic conditions and competition from other building solutions as a result of technological advancement in alternative construction systems. Importantly, their decline was attributed to limitations inherent to concrete shell formwork and construction methods. Being able to produce efficient shaping did not ensure that this method of construction is most cost efficient as it still remains difficult to construct double curved surfaces. The thesis addresses the limitations associated with past and present concrete shell building by proposing the use of actively-bent gridshells as re-configurable and reusable formwork for concrete shells to be designed and built. The hypothesis uses deployable scissor-jointed actively-bent gridshells as re-configurable and reusable formwork for concrete shell construction. This was developed from a series of Flash research (Benjamin, 2012) as student construction workshops to investigate the design and creation of actively-bent gridshells held between December 2008 and March 2011 in Sheffield. In this study, to understand this new system, scaled models of actively-bent gridshells were used as preliminary design aid. Deployed into three dimensional forms from a flexible flat grid mat, the structures were rigidized by bracing through triangulation restraints. The temporary rigid structure was subsequently enveloped with fabric onto which concrete was applied to create the concrete shell, thus acting as formwork. This formwork was then removed following the curing of the concrete cast to be reused repeatedly, or reconfigured into another concrete shell form. Hence, the thesis draws on the concepts, principles and ideas pertaining to three key architectural technologies: 1. concrete shell, 2. actively-bent gridshells and 3.fabric formwork. The thesis then presents a series of four prototype concrete shells constructed from different materials spanning between 1.3 meters and 2.45 meters in the workshops at the University of Edinburgh built between August 2014 and September 2015. For each experimental construction, the process of gridshell construction, fabric formwork preparation, concrete casting, gridshell formwork decentring and different design elements of openings, edges and anchorage abutments were analysed and discussed under the themes of construction, architectural tectonics and structure. The tectonic of process and material is understood and discussed based on the idea of stereogeneity (Manelius, 2012). Specifically, the relationship between gridshell as formwork and the concreting process was studied, analysed and assimilated in concrete shells built with progressive sophistication and elegance, culminating in a doubly-curved concrete shell that demonstrated both synclastic and anticlastic geometries, with further abutment simplification, edge leaning and physical openings incorporation. The study concludes with a physical concrete shell model formed by applying concrete onto fabric formwork to cover the Weald and Downland Jerwood gridshell. In the 1:20 scaled model, the proposed method is speculatively applied onto fabric stretched between pre-determined curvatures of the as-built gridshell. This formwork was subsequently removed for reuse, re-deployed and reconfigured. Using finite element analysis, the structural behaviour of the gridshell made of glass-fibre reinforced tubes and structural characteristics of the resultant concrete shell was checked. The interaction between the three technologies are discussed architectonically and structurally to inform guidelines for potential life-scale application. The thesis evidences the feasibility of the proposed system. It re-purposes a scaled model of a deployable gridshell as a physical modelling tool to facilitate concrete shell design, for both pure compression shells and "improper" shells, demonstrating its adaptability. It also promotes and reinvigorates concrete shells as possible architectural systems serving to instigate future research to revive concrete shell construction as an intelligent and intuitive way of creating structures with material economy, structural efficiency and visual elegance.
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Du, Peloux De Saint Romain Lionel. "Modeling of bending-torsion couplings in active-bending structures : application to the design of elastic gridshells." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1209/document.
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Les structures de type gridshell élastique permettent de réaliser des enveloppes courbes par la déformation réversible d’une grille structurelle régulière initialement plane. Cette capacité à “former la forme” de façon efficiente prend tout son sens dans le contexte actuel où, d’une part la forme s’impose comme une composante prédominante de l’architecture moderne, et d’autre partl’enveloppe s’affirme comme le lieu névralgique de la performance des bâtiments. Fruit des recherches de l’architecte et ingénieur allemand Frei Otto dans les années 1960, elles ont été rendues populaires par la construction de la Multihalle de Mannheim en 1975. Cependant, en dépit de leur potentiel, très peu de projets de ce type ont vu le jour suite à cette réalisation emblématique qui en a pourtant démontré la faisabilité à grande échelle. Et pour cause, les moyens engagés à l’époque ne sauraient assurer la reproductibilité de cette expérience dans un contexte plus classique de projet, notamment sur le plan économique. Par ailleurs, les techniques et les méthodes développées alors sont pour la plus part tombées en désuétude ou reposent sur des disciplines scientifiques qui ont considérablement évoluées. Des matériaux nouveaux, composites, ont vu le jour. Ils repoussent les limitations intrinsèques des matériaux usuels tel que le bois et offrent des performances techniques bien plus intéressantes pour ce type d’application. Enfin, notons que le cadre réglementaire a lui aussi profondément muté, apportant une certaine rigidité vis-à-vis de la pénétration des innovations. Ainsi la conception des gridshells se pose-t-elle en des termes nouveaux aux architectes et ingénieurs actuels et se heurte à l’inadéquation des outils et méthodes existant. Dans cette thèse, qui marque une étape importante dans une aventure de recherche personnelle initiée en 2010, nous tentons d’embrasser la question de la conception des gridshells élastiques dans toute sa complexité, en abordant aussi bien les aspects théoriques que techniques et constructifs. Dans une première partie, nous livrons une revue approfondie de cette thématique et nous présentons de façon détaillée l’une de nos principales réalisation, la cathédrale éphémère de Créteil, construite en 2013 et toujours en service. Dans une seconde partie, nous développons un élément de poutre discret original avec un nombre minimal de degrés de liberté adapté à la modélisation de la flexion et de la torsion dans les gridshells constitués de poutres de section anisotrope. Enrichi d’un noeud fantôme, il permet de modéliser plus finement les phénomènes physiques au niveau des connexions et des appuis. Son implémentation numérique est présentée et validée sur quelques cas tests. Bien que cet élément ait été développé spécifiquement pour l’étude des gridshells élastiques, il pourra avantageusement être utilisé dans tout type de problème où la nécessité d’un calcul interactif avec des tiges élastiques prenant en compte les couplages flexion-torsion s’avère nécessaire<br>An elastic gridshell is a freeform structure, generally doubly curved, but formed out through the reversible deformation of a regular an initially flat structural grid. Building curved shapes that way seems to offer the best of both worlds : shell structures are amongst the most performant mechanically speaking while planar and orthogonal constructions are much more efficient and economic to produce than curved ones. This ability to “form a form” efficiently is of peculiar importance in the current context where morphology is a predominant component of modern architecture, and envelopes appear to be the neuralgic point for building performances. The concept was invented by Frei Otto, a German architect and structural engineer who devoted many years of research to gridshells. In 1975 he designed the Multihalle of Mannheim, a 7500 m2 wooden shell which demonstrated the feasibility of this technology and made it famous to a wide audience. However, despite their potential, very few projects of this kind were built after this major realization. And for good reason, the ressources committed at that time cannot guarantee the replicability of this experiment for more standard projects, especially on the economic level. Moreover, the technics and methods developed by Otto’s team in the 1960s have mostly fall into disuse or are based on disciplines that have considerably evolved. New materials, such as composite materials, have recently emerged. They go beyond the limitations of conventional materials such as timber and offer at all levels much better technical performances for this kind of application. Finally, it should be noted that the regulatory framework has also deeply changed, bringing a certain rigidity to the penetration of innovations in the building industry. Therefore, the design of gridshells arises in new terms for current architects and engineers and comes up against the inadequacy of existing tools and methods. In this thesis, which marks an important step in a personal research adventure initiated in 2010, we try to embrace the issue of the design of elastic gridshells in all its complexity, addressing both theoretical, technical and constructive aspects. In a first part, we deliver a thorough review of this topic and we present in detail one of our main achievements, the ephemeral cathedral of Créteil, built in 2013 and still in service. In a second part, we develop an original discrete beam element with a minimal number of degrees of freedom adapted to the modeling of bending and torsion inside gridshell members with anisotropic cross-section. Enriched with a ghost node, it allows to model more accurately physical phenomena that occur at connections or at supports. Its numerical implementation is presented and validated through several test cases. Although this element has been developed specifically for the study of elastic gridshells, it can advantageously be used in any type of problem where the need for an interactive computation with elastic rods taking into account flexion-torsion couplings is required
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Douthe, Cyril. "Etude de structures élancées précontraintes en matériaux composites, application à la comception des gridshells." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003723.
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Les matériaux composites sont des matériaux nouveaux qui possèdent une grande déformabilité et une grande raideur. Les structures de bâtiment qui requièrent ces deux propriétés sont peu nombreuses et les gridshells en sont un bon exemple. En effet, ces structures à double courbure sont obtenues par déformation élastique puis rigidification d'une grille plane sans raideur en cisaillement. Les grands déplacements et les grandes rotations qui surviennent durant la phase de montage de ces structures élancées précontraintes nécessitent la prise en compte de non-linéarités géométriques importantes. Un outil numérique spécifique reposant sur la méthode de la relaxation dynamique est donc développé et validé. Il permet une nouvelle approche de la forme des gridshells et la mise au point d'une méthode de recherche de forme originale. Il est également utilisé pour l'étude géométrique et l'analyse structurelle de prototypes de gridshells en matériaux composites construits sur le site de l'École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées.
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Mesnil, Romain. "Explorations structurelles de domaines de formes constructibles pour l’architecture non-standard." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1151/document.
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Les dernières décennies ont vu l’émergence de formes architecturales non standard. Les concepteurs se retrouvent généralement démunis face à la complexité géométrique de ces objets, dont la fabrication rime souvent avec complication. De plus, les outils utilisés dissocient forme et fonctionnement structurel,ce qui complexifie le processus de décision pour ingénieurs et architectes. Ce mémoire prend un point de vue fondé sur la notion d’invariance par transformation géométrique et étudie plusieurs strategies de génération de formes naturellement constructibles pour remédier à ces manques. Trois contraintes constructives ont été identifiées et correspondent à trois contributions indépendantes de cette thèse.La répétition des noeuds d’assemblage est étudiée via les transformations par maillages parallèles. Ces dernières sont utilisées pour créer une généralisation des surfaces de révolution. On retrouve par là un paramétrage particulier des surfaces moulures de Monge avec une grande répétition d’éléments, et notamment de noeuds d’assemblage.Les réseaux de cyclides sont ensuite utilisés pour dessiner des formes parametrées par leurs lignes de courbures. Cela permet la couverture par panneaux plans ainsi que l’offset des éléments structurels sans excentricité. L’apport de cette thèse est l’implémentation de plusieurs améliorations, notamment l’introduction de plis à double courbure, un algorithme permettant de généraliser les réseaux de cyclides à des topologies quelconques, et la génération de surfaces généralisant les surfaces canal à partir de deux courbes rail et une courbe profil.Finalement, une méthode innovante inspirée de la géométrie descriptive permettant la génération de formes courbes couvertes par des quadrilatères plans est proposée. La méthode, baptisée méthode marionnette, réduit ce problème à un système linéaire, ce qui permet une manipulation de ces forms constructibles en temps réel. Une étude comparative montre que cette technique peut être utilisée pour paramétrer des problèmes d’optimisation de forme de coques sans perte de performance par rapport aux paramétrages utilisés de façon classique. L’intégration des contraintes de fabrication dans le processus d’optimisation structurelle ouvre de nouvelles possibilités d’applications, comme des résilles gauches et des coques plissées. La pertinence de ces nouvelles solutions est démontrée par de multiples études de cas<br>The last decades have seen the emergence of non-standard architectural shapes. Designers find often themselves helpless with the geometrical complexity of these objects. Furthermore, the available tools dissociate shape and structural behaviour, which adds another complication. This dissertation takes the point of view based on invariance under geometrical transformations, and studies several strategies for fabrication-aware shape modelling. Three technological constraints have been identified and correspond to three independent contributions of this thesis.The repetition of nodes is studied via transformations by parallelism. They are used to generalise surfaces of revolution. A special parametrisation of moulding surfaces is found with this method. The resulting structure has a high node congruence.Cyclidic nets are then used to model shapes parametrised by their lines of curvature. This guarantees meshing by planar panels and torsion-free beam layout. The contribution of this dissertation is the implementation of several improvements, like doubly-curved creases, a hole-filling strategy that allows the extension of cyclidic nets to complex topologies, and the generation of a generalisation of canal surfaces from two rail curves and one profile curves.Finally, an innovative method inspired by descriptive geometry is proposed to generate doubly-curved shapes covered with planar facets. The method, called marionette technique, reduces the problem to a linear problem, which can be solved in real-time. A comparative study shows that this technique can be used to parametrise shape optimisation of shell structures without loss of performance compared to usual modelling technique. The handling of fabrication constraints in shape optimisation opens new possibilities for its practical application, like gridshells or plated shell structures. The relevance of those solutions is demonstrated through multiple case-studies
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BAZZUCCHI, FABIO. "Shallow-dome structures and interaction between buckling and snap-through." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2674635.
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Lightweight structures have the advantages of being ecological, virtuous, and beautiful to the eyes. The transparency and the fluent geometry that can be achieved with these structures, make them a reference point in modern structural engineering. Their design and production attain to many challenging fields in engineering such as the digital fabrication, the control and optimization theory, and the smart structures. However, their slenderness returns an high sensitivity to instability problems. Stability of equilibrium has a key role in structural engineering: the multiple nature and the vast set of influencing factors makes necessary a constant investigation and development of focused approaches. Above all, the sudden character that distinguish the instabilities requires a consistent effort to assure the safety of large and slender structures. Lastly, the interactive and dynamic essence of the instability demands a complex composition of solution schemes to treat it from a static point of view.
Aim of this thesis is to study the interaction between the snap-through and the buckling and its effect on maximum load reduction, imperfection sensitivity, and especially on the variation in the structural behavior. Even if the dangerousness of the phenomenon is known, the problem requires a systematic treatment that concerns the study of the equilibrium paths. The path shape and characteristic provides crucial information about variation of inner forces regime, shallowness and slenderness effects, imperfections and connections influence. Hence, in the first part of the manuscript, a focused theoretical approach is devoted to the establish the describing and discriminating parameters. Additionally, a series of numerical simulations are presented to validate the formulations. Obtained results fulfill a first step in covering the gap between the physical knowledge of the problem and its actual scientific connotation. The results find an application in the stability of reticulated structures, commonly geometrically non-linear, but also a useful tool for the design and analysis of MEMS and micro-switchers. In this scale, the interaction phenomenon is too much often used for triggering a device without being completely grasped. The heinous data about mems collapse due to pull-in instability, about more than 40% of mems broke in this manner, is a reliable witness. In the structural engineering field, from the famous collapses of the 60's and 70's to the 2014 emblematic collapses of more than 100 reticulated domes in China caused by some exceptional snow storms. International organizations, such as the IASS, redacted new guideline for design, constructions and reliability of metal roofs, demonstrating a renewed interest in the interactive collapses. Among all, new methods for taking into account the imperfection sensitivity has been presented, based on probabilistic approaches. In the second part of the thesis, using the results obtained for a simple structures, the structural weaknesses and flaws are investigated. The results suggest that the methods adopted, commonly used for Fracture Mechanics, are useful for studying the local instability occurrence and consequences. For classical morphologies, such as diamatic and geodesic domes, the elastic local collapses of lateral and compressive buckling appears to be responsible for sharp load decreases. At the same time, for grid shells, the high stiffness connections required, proves to be a trigger to progressive and catastrophic collapses. Identification of snap-back phenomena in the equilibrium path of these structures are similar to the shell and cylinders collapses, where the intensity of flexural and axial regime of forces determines the catastrophic degree of the fail. The concept illustrated in this manuscript can be used for the safety assessment of lightweight structures and for optimization criteria for mems and micro-scale material structure.
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Schätzke, Christian, Hartwig N. Schneider, Till Joachim, et al. "Doppelt gekrümmte Schalen und Gitterschalen aus Textilbeton." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-77998.
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Doppelt gekrümmte Schalen und Gitterschalen sind Tragsysteme, die, obwohl in Ihrer Wirkungsweise grundsätzlich verschieden, besonders für den Einsatz von Textilbeton geeignet sind. Aufgrund ihrer doppelten Krümmung weisen derartige Tragsysteme zahlreiche Besonderheiten hinsichtlich Formfindung, Lastabtrag und Herstellung auf. Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels von monolithischen Schirmschalen und Konstruktionsstudien zu Gitterschalen werden die Strukturkonzepte und ihre Auswirkungen auf das Tragverhalten, das Bewehrungskonzept und die Auswirkungen auf die Herstellung sowie die Bauteilfügung erläutert<br>Structural systems based on double curved monolithic shells or gridshells are both characterised by their good load bearing behaviour depending on the chosen geometry. Although both systems are different regarding their functionality they are suitable applications for TRC while taking advantage of the main constructive and design characteristics of the material. In describing an execution example of an umbrella-shaped shell-structure and design studies on gridshells the relation between structural concept and load bearing behaviour and the relation between the reinforcement concept and production as well as joining are discussed
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Fernandes, Mário Jorge Gonçalves. "Elastic timber gridshells. from the finding form process to the erection of efficient lightweight structures." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/65751.
Full textAbstract:
Doctoral Thesis (International Doctoral Programme in Sustainable Built Environment)<br>Elastic timber gridshells emerged in the last century, essentially related to ephemeral
buildings, setting a ‘new’ benchmark for lightweight, cost-effective, sustainable and
temporary constructions. Timber gridshells are adaptable and can be used in rehabilitated
buildings as well as, new buildings, new systems like roofs, or as small additions in nonstructural
elements and act as a simple partition. However, the main feature is not its use,
but its shape and how it allows some freedom in its design; an attractive characteristic for
designers due to its structural behaviour.
Based on the advantages of the structural system, it should be expected that timber
gridshells have a wider presence in contemporary architecture. However, this is not the
case, there are very few examples being built. One reason why this happens, is because
of the difficulty to reach the desired design since there is a lack of information about the
tools that can help to define such complex systems.
Until today, the design and construction of elastic, or post-formed timber gridshells, have
only been based on a case to case basis and have not been studied or used as a type of
structure that can be repeated in several different applications.
The aim of this thesis is to contribute to answer this difficulty, i.e. working on overcoming
the lack of design guidelines, by presenting a state of the knowledge on elastic timber
gridshells and by case studies analysing the process involved in building this kind of a
structures.
The thesis is addressing elastic timber gridshells, from the design phase to the
construction phase. The results obtained show that this type of structure can be very
interesting at a functional level with numerous tectonics characteristics that make elastic
timber gridshells attractive as a structural solution in contemporary architecture.<br>As malhas elásticas de madeira surgiram no século passado, essencialmente relacionadas com
construções temporárias, estabelecendo uma "nova" referência para construções leves,
econômicas, sustentáveis e efêmeras. As malhas de madeira são adaptáveis e podem ser usadas
em edifícios a reabilitar, bem como, novos edifícios, coberturas, ou em pequenas modificações
como elementos não estruturais. No entanto, a principal característica não é seu uso, mas sua
geometria e como isso permite uma enorme liberdade formal torna-se uma característica atraente
para todos os projetistas.
Com base nas vantagens deste sistema estrutural, é de esperar que as malhas elásticas de madeira
tivessem uma presença mais ampla na arquitetura contemporânea. Contudo, não é o caso, existem
poucos exemplos construídos. Um motivo para isso acontecer é a dificuldade em projetar as
formas desejadas, pois existe uma lacuna de informação sobre as ferramentas que podem ajudar
a definir estas geometrias complexas. Por exemplo, as ferramentas baseadas em softwares
computacionais têm um grande potencial para o processo de projeção das malhas de madeira nas
fases de projeto e construção, onde a localização da malha e a otimização ocorrem, seguidas por
um processo de produção industrial. Até hoje, o projeto e a construção destas estruturas, foram
estudados apenas de caso a caso e não foram estudados ou usados como um tipo de solução que
pode ser repetida em várias aplicações diferentes.
O objetivo desta dissertação é contribuir para a resolução desse problema, ou seja, trabalhar na
superação da falta de diretrizes de projeto, apresentando um estado do conhecimento sobre as
malhas elásticas de madeira e analisando e explicando o processo envolvido na construção deste
tipo de estruturas.
Esta tese aborda as malhas elásticas de madeira, desde a fase de projeto até à fase de construção.
Os resultados obtidos mostram que este tipo de estrutura pode ser muito interessante a um nível
funcional, com numerosas características com valor tectônico que tornam as malhas elásticas de
madeira atrativas como uma solução estrutural na arquitetura contemporânea.<br>This work it was financed by FEDER funds through the Competitively Factors Operational Programme -
COMPETE and by national funds through FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology within the scope of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007633. The support of the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through doctoral fellowship SFRH/BD/104677/2014 is grateful.
Books on the topic "Gridshell structure"
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John, Chilton, and Gabriel Tang. Timber Gridshells: Architecture, Structure and Craft. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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John, Chilton, and Gabriel Tang. Timber Gridshells: Architecture, Structure and Craft. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Timber Gridshells: Architecture, Structure and Craft. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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John, Chilton, and Gabriel Tang. Timber Gridshells: Architecture, Structure and Craft. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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John, Chilton, and Gabriel Tang. Timber Gridshells: Architecture, Structure and Craft. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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John, Chilton, and Gabriel Tang. Timber Gridshells: Architecture, Structure and Craft. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Gridshell structure"
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Lara-Bocanegra, A. J., C. Martínez-Criado, A. Roig, and A. Majano-Majano. "Rethinking elastic timber gridshells." In Structures and Architecture. CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003658641-215.
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Martínez-Criado, C., A. J. Lara-Bocanegra, A. Roig, F. González-Quintial, A. Martín-Pastor, and A. Majano-Majano. "Multilayer elastic timber gridshells with Monge meshes." In Structures and Architecture. CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003658641-86.
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Hernández, Elisa Lafuente, Christoph Gengnagel, Stefan Sechelmann, and Thilo Rörig. "On the Materiality and Structural Behaviour of Highly-Elastic Gridshell Structures." In Computational Design Modelling. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23435-4_15.
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Kookalani, Soheila, Hamidreza Alavi, and Farzad Pour Rahimian. "Conclusions and Recommendations for Structural Design and Optimizations of Gridshell Structures." In Structural Design and Optimization of Lifting Self-forming GFRP Elastic Gridshells based on Machine Learning. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003565055-8.
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Kookalani, Soheila, Hamidreza Alavi, and Farzad Pour Rahimian. "Structural Optimization of GFRP Elastic Gridshells." In Structural Design and Optimization of Lifting Self-forming GFRP Elastic Gridshells based on Machine Learning. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003565055-7.
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Kookalani, Soheila, Hamidreza Alavi, and Farzad Pour Rahimian. "Introduction of GFRP Elastic Gridshell Structures and Machine Learning." In Structural Design and Optimization of Lifting Self-forming GFRP Elastic Gridshells based on Machine Learning. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003565055-1.
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Kookalani, Soheila, Hamidreza Alavi, and Farzad Pour Rahimian. "Structural Performance Assessment of GFRP Elastic Gridshells." In Structural Design and Optimization of Lifting Self-forming GFRP Elastic Gridshells based on Machine Learning. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003565055-6.
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Lesiuk, Grzegorz, José A. F. O. Correia, Halyna V. Krechkovska, Grzegorz Pekalski, Abílio M. P. de Jesus, and Oleksandra Student. "Case Studies: Structural, Fractographic and Mechanical Aspects of the Steels Degradation of the Hyperboloid Gridshell Towers." In Structural Integrity. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43710-7_4.
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Luczkowski, M., S. M. Haakonsen, S. H. Dyvik, and J. H. Mork. "How can we design gridshells with customised and unconventional connectors?" In Structures and Architecture A Viable Urban Perspective? CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003023555-152.
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Kookalani, Soheila, Hamidreza Alavi, and Farzad Pour Rahimian. "A Review of GFRP Elastic Gridshell Structures and Machine Learning Algorithms." In Structural Design and Optimization of Lifting Self-forming GFRP Elastic Gridshells based on Machine Learning. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003565055-2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Gridshell structure"
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Adelzadeh, Amin, Hamed Karimian-Aliabadi, and Christopher Robeller. "ReciproFrame Timber Gridshell: From CAM Data Interface Modeling to Operating Industrial Joinery Machine for Scaling up Reusable Timber Structures." In CAADRIA 2024: Accelerated Design. CAADRIA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.3.339.
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Nurdiah, Esti, Tsung-Hsien Wang, and Wen-Shao Chang. "BAMBOO GRIDSHELL: FROM THE MATERIAL TO THE STRUCTURE." In World Conference on Timber Engineering 2023 (WCTE2023). World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/069179-0023.
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Dyvik, Steinar Hillersøy, Marcin Luczkowski, John Haddal Mork, Anders Nils Rønnquist, and Bendik Manum. "Design of freeform gridshell structures – Simplifying the parametric workflow." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0507.
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<p>Freeform structures can provide both aesthetically interesting and material efficient solutions but are considered a demanding task for both structural design, manufacturing and architectural design. A free form surface is therefore rationalized into something more buildable like the gridshell. However, a digital design process with freeform geometry can be a complex and confusing task. By defining a gridshell as <i>nodes</i>(joints) and <i>elements</i>(members), we can set up a parametric workflow that handles the complexity in design and analysis. Optimization and rationalization of shape, topology, and cross-section are studied real-time, giving the designer confidence and design- freedom. This paper explains a parametric workflow for designing freeform gridshells. Through the design and construction of a timber gridshell pavilion with 3D printed nylon nodes, we discovered important elements of the parametric design process of freeform gridshells.</p>
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Luczkowski, Marcin, Steinar Hillersøy Dyvik, John Haddal Mork, and Anders Nils Rønnquist. "Digital workflows vs. spatial structures design." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0563.
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<p>Digital workflows are already widely used by the designers (architects and engineers) in creating a better Building Information Modelling (BIM) data flow. In the core of this design method is a para- metric model, which thanks to open source software can be easily customized according to the pro- ject or user needs. Shell or gridshell structures are very sensitive on the external loads, due to the low weight and big span. The accuracy and reliability are therefore a crucial point in design. More and more architects are using parametrical models, based on visual programing (like Grasshopper or Dynamo) to develop form of spatial structure. The parametric model in shell design gives a high precision in creating BIM model and is the starting point for the structural analysis. In this paper we will present a design method, in which the parametric model is not only the starting point for struc- tural analysis. Thanks to a well-established digital workflow it can occur, that structural analysis is made simultaneously with architectural form finding of the shell. The digital workflow, developed by our research group is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). The design methodology is to create two kind of structural analyses. The first one, called global, is using beam elements to inves- tigate the general forces and deformations. The second one, called local, is using solid/volume ele- ments to investigate the connection solution. Thanks to fast information transfer between this two analysis and automation of this process, the architect can achieve information about feasibility of the whole designed structure in real time. To validate our approach the timber gridshell was de- signed. The structure with nontrivial shape and customized each of the 61 nodes, was build in 2016 in Trondheim. The nodes were manufactured with usage of the 3D printing technology.</p>
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Lin, Yan-Ting, Yi-Hung Chiu, Yi-Xian Xu, Yu-Ting Huang, and Jia-Yang Juang. "Multi-Material 4D Printing Technology of Masks via the Inverse Design of Fully Convolutional Network Models." In ASME 2023 32nd Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2023-109752.
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Abstract Fabricating free-standing 3D surfaces using conventional 3D printing technology often requires much supporting material, which is later discarded and hence wasted. Moreover, using supporting material tends to rough the printed surfaces, and removing it can damage the printed parts. By contrast, 4D printing can create 3D surfaces without needing supporting material. By integrating active material into the 3D printing, 4D printing allows the printed structure to re-deform through external stimuli, such as heating. Because of this characteristic, 4D printing can achieve shape-morphing from the designed 2D grid into the target 3D gridshell. In this work, we utilize multi-material 4D printing technology to fabricate face-like masks. We first print a 2D grid consisting of rectangular arranged double-layered segments; each segment has four different material combinations, in which each layer is made of either shape memory polymer (SMP55) or PLA. Based on those different material combinations, 4D printing can generate corresponding deformation modes as SMP55 shrinks by heating to release the residual stress stored during 3D printing. Lastly, a highly complex human-face mask gridshell can be achieved by controlling the deformed grid’s global and local curvature through the material combination of each segment and their distribution. The inverse design from the target 3D gridshell to the initial 2D grid is challenging due to the high nonlinearity of the deformation mechanism. To solve this problem, we use a deep learning model: fully convolutional networks (FCNs) to automate the inverse design process. This study uses human-face and Noh (a traditional Japanese art) masks as examples. First, we divide the human-face mask 2D grids into several parameters to generate random 2D human-face mask grid designs, which can be converted to corresponding depth images as 60,000 datasets after simulating their heat deformation processes by finite element method (FEM). Next, the depth images are used for training the FCN model that executes image segmentation tasks for inverse design, and then we can use Noh mask depth images to verify the validity of trained FCN models. Finally, although the average similarity of human-face masks between using 4D printing and the target is 0.9, the trained FCN model does not perform well for Noh masks since human-face masks’ parameters cannot describe Noh masks adequately. In conclusion, our 4D printing technology successfully demonstrates the feasibility and potential to generate complex 3D curved structures.
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Bouten, Sam, Mariana Popescu, Francesco Ranaudo, et al. "Design of a funicular concrete bridge with knitted formwork." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0690.
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<p>This paper presents the design, engineering and digital fabrication strategies for a circular pedestrian bridge to be built as part of “De Groene Boog” development of the A16 highway north of Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The bridge is designed as a lightweight funicular unreinforced concrete gridshell with openings based on the principle of a three-hinged arch extrapolated to 3D geometry. In its realisation, it demonstrates a model of circular construction using recent material developments (such as recycled concrete) and an efficient flexible formwork system using knitted textiles. The presented design and fabrication process is developed collaboratively by the Block Research Group at ETH Zurich and De Groene Boog. The structure is commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat).</p>
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Bouten, Sam, Mariana Popescu, Francesco Ranaudo, et al. "Design of a funicular concrete bridge with knitted formwork." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0690.
Full textAbstract:
<p>This paper presents the design, engineering and digital fabrication strategies for a circular pedestrian bridge to be built as part of “De Groene Boog” development of the A16 highway north of Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The bridge is designed as a lightweight funicular unreinforced concrete gridshell with openings based on the principle of a three-hinged arch extrapolated to 3D geometry. In its realisation, it demonstrates a model of circular construction using recent material developments (such as recycled concrete) and an efficient flexible formwork system using knitted textiles. The presented design and fabrication process is developed collaboratively by the Block Research Group at ETH Zurich and De Groene Boog. The structure is commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat).</p>
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Correa, Cristobal, and Craig M. Schwitter. "Design of Gridshells – Challenges and Advances in Design." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1428.
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<p>The structural engineering techniques used in the design of gridshells have evolved considerably in recent years as the impact of digital design and fabrication has allowed for the creation of ever more complex geometries and analysis. This paper will examine this evolution using different case studies that chart the introduction of technology and look at how this has changed the ways that gridshells are conceived and integrated into architectural designs.</p><p>The paper will argue that this evolution can be linked with the tradition of engineer as builder, as the design, analysis, fabrication and construction of these elements becomes more and more enmeshed and offer opportunities for greater design involvement. This new way of looking at gridshell design needs to be properly understood and the engineer needs to have the correct level of design intelligence to be able to navigate these challenges and produce a successful project.</p>
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Phocas, Marios C., Paisia Ioannidou, and Odysseas Kontovourkis. "Design and simulation of an actively controlled building unit." In 3rd Valencia International Biennial of Research in Architecture, VIBRArch. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vibrarch2022.2022.15130.
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Conflagrations often lead to catastrophic phenomena in several countries across the globe during the summer period. Such phenomena advocate for multidisciplinary research activities including on- and off-site investigations of data-collection and evaluation as well as event-based virtual scenarios and action solutions respectively. In this framework, a temporary building unit is proposed to host single researchers in remote environments. The unit consists of a lightweight structure that can be easily erected and actively controlled. The unit is supported on four diagonals anchored to the ground and it has a circular horizontal and an elliptical vertical section. The core consists of a glass-fiber polymer (GFRP) cone base at its lower level, vertically positioned GFRP bending-active strips and a GFRP cone at its upper level. The cones are vertically connected through tendons that are activated by linear motion actuators. The structure consists of a double layer gridshell of GFRP bending-active rods and a semitransparent ETFE membrane with embedded thin-film CIGS photovoltaics. Sensors on the membrane transfer continuously the external wind pressure to a control system for the adjustment of the spatial shape of the unit through the tendons. The paper displays the design of the unit in its components, and emphasizes on its adaptivity features with regard to the structural deformability in parametric associative design logic. The methodology followed serves as a basis for further iterative analyses with regard to the form optimization of the structural elements, the system’s load-deformation and dynamic behavior.
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Nurdiah, Esti, Tsung-Hsien Wang, and Wen-Shao Chang. "Form Finding and Optimisation of Bamboo Gridshell Structures." In eCAADe 2023: Digital Design Reconsidered. eCAADe, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.579.
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