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1
Troller, Peggy J. "Taking the "grim" out of Grim Reaper families, humor and the dying process /." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003trollerp.pdf.
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2
Cowgill, Geoff. "The grim word : 'home' in fiction by Graham Greene /." View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131461671.pdf.
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3
Moore, Kristen. "The Grim Reaper, working stiff the man, the myth, the everyday /." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1151353213.
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4
Moore, Kristen H. "The Grim Reaper, Working Stiff: The Man, the Myth, the Everyday." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1151353213.
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5
Grim, Stephanie [Verfasser]. "Abflusslose Senken – Instrumente in der Landschaftsanalyse und Indikatoren rezenter Krustenbewegungen / Stephanie Grim." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025995716/34.
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6
Debade, Nicolas. "Les musiques expérimentales à l'épreuve de l'innovation : l'exemple du GRIM à Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0444/document.
Full textAbstract:
Depuis les premières expériences de John Cage et de Pierre Schaeffer jusqu’aux hybridations bruitistes de la noise, les musiques expérimentales ont suivi une reconfiguration de leurs pratiques au contact d’une évolution technologique constante. Cette thèse propose de présenter ces musiques dans leur constitution en tant que scène artistique à l’ère du régime numérique à travers une démarche historique, esthétique et sociologique.Cette recherche sera mise en perspective par une monographie du GRIM (Groupe de Recherche et d’Improvisation Musicales), un lieu marseillais dédié aux musiques expérimentales et improvisées.Par l’étude de cette scène territoriale emblématique de la multitude des pratiques chez les artistes et les publics, nous présenterons les différentes interactions qui alimentent ce contexte créatif émergent. C’est en cela qu’il convient également d’étudier à la fois l’incertitude des carrières chez les musiciens professionnels et l’expertise des amateurs de ces musiques. De plus, cette scène artistique se retrouve dans une économie en mutation face aux innovations technologiques d’un côté et aux enjeux institutionnels de l’autre.Dans ce contexte pluriel, nous proposons de définir les codes et conventions régissant les musiques expérimentales pour caractériser cette scène spécifique au sein des mondes de l’art<br>Since the first experiments by John Cage and Pierre Schaeffer up to the loud hybridations of noise music, experimental music has followed a reconfiguration of its practices in contact with a constant technological evolution.This thesis aims to present experimental music as a singular and radical scene in the digital era through a historic, aesthetic and sociological procedure.This research is seen through the context of the GRIM, a venue located in Marseilles dedicated to experimental and impovised music.Through the study of this local scene, emblematic of practices by artists and audiences, we will present the different interactions that feed this emancipatory and emergent creative context. This will lead us to assess incertitudes in professional musicians’ careers and the expertise of amateurs of this music scene.Furthermore, faced with technological innovations on one hand and institutional issues on the other, this artistic scene finds itself in a changing economy.In this pluralistic context, we shall define the codes and conventions that rule experimental music to model the characteristics of this specific scene inside the art worlds
7
Roberts, Amber. "'Views grim but splendid' : the urban image of North-West English industrial towns." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2016. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/617185/.
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The thesis explores the urban images of north-western industrial towns and their relationship to the built environment. Currently the towns seek to reposition themselves in relation to their persistent cultural images through urban regeneration. The thesis analyses this development through three types of urban image focusing on graphic depictions, visual urban planning and the built environment. The research question asks 'What is the urban image of the north-western post-industrial town?' followed by the secondary questions 'How has the urban image shifted throughout time?' And 'How has urban image influenced the urban development of the towns?'. The research first compares and evaluates the current condition and historic urban development of eight similar towns in the region, Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, St Helens, Stockport, Warrington and Wigan to evaluate their homogeneity in reference to the Northern cultural image. The study then moves on to interrogate the specific development of the urban image of Stockport as an exemplary case study. The study examines tensions apparent in the repositioning of the towns in relation to their pasts, highlighting issues of history and heritage, identity, scale and ambition. The results of the study show the complex relationship between image and environment, identifying the ways in which the urban images have been constructed, problematized and disseminated. The thesis argues for a more comprehensive and informed approach linking image and urban regeneration in the towns in order to limit the impact of current reactionary practices of urban design.
8
Llorens, Mary Beth. "GRIM for girls : development and validation of a measure of psychological loss in adolescence /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9904859.
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9
Chivers, Carla. "Putting the Grim Reaper on the Stand : the impact of mortality salience on juror decision making." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19819/.
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10
Ferreira, Mário Rui Mota. "Multi-species occupancy modeling of natural and anthropogenic habitats by mediterranean amphibians: grim prospects for conservation in irrigated farmland." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/10780.
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This study approaches the destruction of temporary ponds in an intensified agricultural landscape and the alternative breeding habitats for the amphibian community. We used several surveys to model the ponds survival since 1991 until 2009. Ponds inside the irrigation perimeter have a significant lower survival probability then those outside. Ponds, agricultural reservoirs, streams, irrigation channels and ditches were sampled for amphibian larvae in four different periods of a breeding season. We used a hierarchical dynamic occupation model that accounts for different detection probabilities to compare the occupation of aquatic habitats during the different periods. Ponds were the habitat with higher specific richness per site followed by streams and reservoirs. Ditches and irrigation channels, usually, only supports one species per site. All habitats, except for ponds, have high incidence of exotic predators (fish and crayfish), that explains, in part, the low specific richness of these sites. There’s no alternative habitat for the disappearing ponds. The conservation of the remaining ponds is essential for conserving the amphibian community. It should seriously be taken into consideration the construction of new clusters of ponds inside of the irrigation perimeter; Resumo:
Este estudo aborda a destruição de charcos temporários numa paisagem agrícola em crescente intensificação, bem como possíveis alternativas para habitats de reprodução da comunidade de anfíbios. Cruzámos a informação de vários levantamentos para modelar a sobrevivência dos charcos de 1991 a 2009. Os charcos dentro do perímetro de rega tem a probabilidade de sobrevivência significativamente mais baixa que os charcos fora do perímetro. Foram amostrados as larvas de anfíbios em charcos temporários, charcas de rega, ribeiras, canais de rega e valas de drenagem em quatro períodos distintos de uma época de reprodução. Usámos um modelo hierárquico de ocupação dinâmica, com correcção para a detectabilidade para comparar a ocupação entre os habitats ao longo dos diferentes períodos. Os charcos temporários foram os habitats com maior riqueza específica por local, seguido pelas ribeiras e charcas de rega. Os canais e valas são habitats mais pobres, raramente suportando mais que espécie por local. A elevada incidência de predadores introduzidos (peixe e lagostins) em todos os habitats menos nos charcos pode explicar em parte a diferença de riqueza específica. Esta comunidade de anfíbios não tem uma alternativa viável para os charcos que continuam a desaparecer e a sua conservação passa pela conservação dos charcos que restam. Deverá ser considerado a hipótese da construção de novos complexos de charcos dentro do perímetro de rega.
11
Elder, Emma. "Grim Investigations : Reaping the Dead. A Comparison of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Burials of North Africa and Western Europe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519766.
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12
Cox, Katherine. "'It's grim up north' : a comparative study of the subjectivities of gay HIV positive men in an urban and rural area." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4867.
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This comparative study of the experiences of gay HIV positive men living in urban and rural areas explores the dynamic interrelationship between lived experience and service provision. The literature in this field has drawn on a familiar stereotype - the urban, sexually active, gay man. This man - and his community - does not exist in a rural environment in the way it is assumed nor does it necessarily fit the experience of gay men in London. By creating a link between the questions of subjectivity and the question of how we improve services, I argue that a mechanistic construction of need may follow an assumed urban model which may not hold for all men in an urban setting, nor for men in rural areas. Gay HIV positive men are faced with new psycho-social dilemmas in relation to the virus, including unpredictability of outcome, as well as the complexity and burden of the current treatment. They engage in a constant process of renegotiating their sense of themselves in space, time and relationships. Through the use of narrative methodology, my research builds a new perspective on the experience of these individuals which can help to shape the services and policies of the future. The stories of 21 gay HIV positive men were gathered and analysed in relation to five areas of focus: community/space, relationships, identity, health and services. Rural participants were less able to build and maintain a politically strong identity and rural services need to create strategies to enable gay men to draw on the strength of a collective voice. 'Doing for' services, prevalent in rural areas, may be appropriate for the very ill but can perpetuate a culture of helplessness. The healthist discourse adopted by London services promotes individualism and responsibility. Services for HIV positive men in all areas need to hold the dynamic between 'doing for' services for the sick and dying and a healthist discourse for those who can look to their future.
13
Karcavich, Rachel Elaine. "Fate's grim intervention : determining sibling relationships and mechanisms of cell fate specification in the NB7-3 lineage of the Drosophila embryonic CNS /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3024518.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-105). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
14
Portugal, Raquel Vilar. "Estudo das alterações do ADN mitocondrial e do GRIM-19 em oncocitomas renais: comparação com os tumores de células de Hürthle da tireóide." Dissertação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/21976.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Medicina e Oncologia Molecular<br>Master Degree Course in Molecular and Oncology Medicine<br>Os oncocitomas renais são constituídos por células cujo citoplasma contém
numerosas mitocôndrias, morfológica e bioquimicamente anormais (células oxifílicas,
oncocíticas ou células de Hürthle). Tumores com fenótipo oncocítico, condicionado pela
acumulação de mitocôndrias, podem ocorrer em diversos órgãos, preferencialmente em
tecidos com baixo índice proliferativo. Na tireóide, onde são denominados tumores de
células de Hürthle, foram identificadas alterações do ADN mitocondrial (mtDNA) e de
um gene nuclear que codifica uma proteína mitocondrial (GRIM-19), com diferenças
significativas em comparação com tumores não oncocíticos. Nos oncocitomas renais
não há, até à data, estudos que descrevam a ocorrência destas alterações.
A acumulação de mitocôndrias no citoplasma das células pode ser consequência
de uma alteração primária no mtDNA que codifica enzimas mitocondriais, ou
provocada por mutações no ADN nuclear (nDNA) que codifica proteínas mitocondriais.
Na tentativa de perceber melhor a tumorigénese dos tumores oncocíticos em
geral e dos oncocitomas renais em particular, estudámos uma série de 14 oncocitomas
renais e o parênquima renal não neoplásico adjacente, no que diz respeito a algumas
alterações do mtDNA e do nDNA. Foi efectuada a reavaliação do material anátomopatológico
e fez-se extracção de ADN dos tecidos obtidos após microdissecção do
material incluído em parafina. Foram pesquisadas alterações do mtDNA como a
delecção comum, mutações na região D-loop e nas subunidades 6 e 8 do complexo V
(ATPase). As alterações do GRIM-19 foram avaliadas por estudo imuno-histoquímico.
A delecção comum foi detectada em 78,6% dos oncocitomas renais e em 50%
dos casos também no parênquima não neoplásico. Verificou-se instabilidade na região
não codificadora D-loop em 42,9% dos tumores. Foram identificadas mutações
somáticas da ATPase 6 e/ou 8 em 14,3% dos casos. A expressão de GRIM-19 nos
oncocitomas renais foi discretamente menos intensa do que a observada nas células dos
túbulos proximais adjacentes.
As alterações encontradas no mtDNA de oncocitomas renais não se afastam
substancialmente das observadas anteriormente no estudo de tumores de células de
Hürthle da tireóide, tanto no que diz respeito ao tipo de alterações, como à sua
frequência.
Estudo das alterações do ADN mitocondrial e do GRIM-19 em oncocitomas renais:
Comparação com os tumores de células de Hürthle da tireóide
2
A homogeneidade celular fenotípica dos oncocitomas renais e a notável
transformação oncocítica observada no parênquima renal não neoplásico na maioria
(12/14) dos casos estudados leva a presumir que o evento carcinogénico deverá ter
ocorrido numa célula com anomalia prévia do mtDNA ou do nDNA que codifica
enzimas mitocondriais. Esta hipótese é favorecida pela existência da delecção comum
no parênquima renal não neoplásico numa maior percentagem de casos (50%) que a
observada no parênquima não neoplásico tireoideu nos casos de tumores de células de
Hürthle (25-33%). É possível que a delecção comum seja um marcador das alterações
que ocorrem na biogénese mitocondrial nestas condições.
As mutações na ATPase 6 parecem ocorrer preferencialmente nos tumores de
células oxifílicas, pelo menos do rim e da tireóide. Os nossos resultados não favorecem
a existência de um papel determinante para a instabilidade na região não codificadora
D-loop na transformação oncocítica, apesar dessa alteração estar presente em 42,9% dos
tumores. É provável que as mutações na região D-loop resultem, sobretudo, da
produção aumentada de espécies reactivas de oxigénio pelas células tumorais em geral.
A função principal do GRIM-19 na tumorigénese renal não parece estar
relacionada com a cadeia respiratória mitocondrial, ou pelo menos, não parece estar
relacionada com o fenótipo oncocítico, uma vez que a expressão de GRIM-19 está
significativamente mais afectada nos carcinomas de células renais que nos oncocitomas.<br>Renal oncocytomas are composed by cells whose cytoplasm is packed with an
abnormally high mumber of biochemically and morphologically deficient mitochondria
(oxyphilic, oncocytic or Hürthle cells). Tumours with an oncocytic fenotype, resulting
from mitochondria accumulation, may occur in many organs, predominantly in tissues
with low proliferation index. In the thyroid, where they are called Hürthle cell tumours,
our group has identified alterations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and in a
nuclear gene that encodes for a mitochondrial protein (GRIM-19), with significant
differences when compared to non-oncocytic tumours. Regarding renal oncocytomas
there are no publications describing the occurrence of such alterations.
The mitochondria accumulation in the cytoplasm of cells may be the result of a
primary alteration in mtDNA that encodes for mitochondrial enzymes, or it can be a
consequence of mutations in nuclear DNA (nDNA) that encodes for mitochondrial
proteins.
In an attempt to contribute to a better understanding of the tumourigenesis of
oxyphilic cell tumours in general and of renal oncocytomas in particular, we studied 14
renal oncocytomas and the respective non neoplastic parenchyma regarding some
mtDNA and nDNA alterations. The cases were reviewed and DNA extraction was
performed in microdissected tissues obtained from the paraffin-embedded material. We
searched for mtDNA alterations such as the common deletion, mutations in the D-loop
non codifying region and in the subunits 6 and 8 of complex V (ATPase). GRIM-19
alterations were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.
The mtDNA common deletion was detected in 78.6% of renal oncocytomas and
in 50% of the cases in the respective non neoplastic parenchyma. Instability in the Dloop
region was detected in 42.9% of the tumours. We identified somatic mutations in
ATPase 6 and/or 8 in 14,3% of the cases. GRIM-19 expression was slightly less intense
in the oncocytomas than in the adjacent proximal renal tubules.
Our results do not differ substantially from those obtained in Hürthle cell
tumours of the thyroid, namely in the kind of alteration and its relative frequency.
The homogenous cellular fenotype of renal oncocytomas and the obvious
oncocytic transformation observed in the non neoplastic renal parenchyma in most of
the studied cases (12/14) indicates that the carcinogenic event must have occurred in a
Estudo das alterações do ADN mitocondrial e do GRIM-19 em oncocitomas renais:
Comparação com os tumores de células de Hürthle da tireóide
4
cell with a previous anomaly of mtDNA and/or nDNA that encodes for mitochondrial
enzymes. This hypothesis is favoured by the presence of the common deletion in a
higher percentage of the non-neoplastic parenchyma of oncocytomas (50%) than in nonneoplastic
thyroid parenchyma in the cases of Hürthle cell tumours (25-33%). It is
possible that the common deletion may be an indirect biomarker of the alterations
occurring in mitochondrial biogenesis in these conditions.
Mutations in ATPase 6 seem to occur predominantly in oxiphylic cell tumours,
at least in kidney and thyroid. Our results do not favour the existence of a determinant
role for the instability of the non codifying D-loop region in the oncocytic
transformation, despite finding such alterations in 42.9% of the tumours. It is probable
that mutations in the D-loop region are mainly the result of increased reactive oxygen
species production by tumoural cells in general.
The main role of GRIM-19 in renal tumourigenesis does not seem to be related
to the mitochondrial respiratory chain, or at least, does not seem to be related with
oncocytic features, since the expression of GRIM-19 is significantly more affected in
renal cell carcinomas than in oncocytomas.
15
Portugal, Raquel Vilar. "Estudo das alterações do ADN mitocondrial e do GRIM-19 em oncocitomas renais: comparação com os tumores de células de Hürthle da tireóide." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/21976.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Medicina e Oncologia Molecular<br>Master Degree Course in Molecular and Oncology Medicine<br>Os oncocitomas renais são constituídos por células cujo citoplasma contém
numerosas mitocôndrias, morfológica e bioquimicamente anormais (células oxifílicas,
oncocíticas ou células de Hürthle). Tumores com fenótipo oncocítico, condicionado pela
acumulação de mitocôndrias, podem ocorrer em diversos órgãos, preferencialmente em
tecidos com baixo índice proliferativo. Na tireóide, onde são denominados tumores de
células de Hürthle, foram identificadas alterações do ADN mitocondrial (mtDNA) e de
um gene nuclear que codifica uma proteína mitocondrial (GRIM-19), com diferenças
significativas em comparação com tumores não oncocíticos. Nos oncocitomas renais
não há, até à data, estudos que descrevam a ocorrência destas alterações.
A acumulação de mitocôndrias no citoplasma das células pode ser consequência
de uma alteração primária no mtDNA que codifica enzimas mitocondriais, ou
provocada por mutações no ADN nuclear (nDNA) que codifica proteínas mitocondriais.
Na tentativa de perceber melhor a tumorigénese dos tumores oncocíticos em
geral e dos oncocitomas renais em particular, estudámos uma série de 14 oncocitomas
renais e o parênquima renal não neoplásico adjacente, no que diz respeito a algumas
alterações do mtDNA e do nDNA. Foi efectuada a reavaliação do material anátomopatológico
e fez-se extracção de ADN dos tecidos obtidos após microdissecção do
material incluído em parafina. Foram pesquisadas alterações do mtDNA como a
delecção comum, mutações na região D-loop e nas subunidades 6 e 8 do complexo V
(ATPase). As alterações do GRIM-19 foram avaliadas por estudo imuno-histoquímico.
A delecção comum foi detectada em 78,6% dos oncocitomas renais e em 50%
dos casos também no parênquima não neoplásico. Verificou-se instabilidade na região
não codificadora D-loop em 42,9% dos tumores. Foram identificadas mutações
somáticas da ATPase 6 e/ou 8 em 14,3% dos casos. A expressão de GRIM-19 nos
oncocitomas renais foi discretamente menos intensa do que a observada nas células dos
túbulos proximais adjacentes.
As alterações encontradas no mtDNA de oncocitomas renais não se afastam
substancialmente das observadas anteriormente no estudo de tumores de células de
Hürthle da tireóide, tanto no que diz respeito ao tipo de alterações, como à sua
frequência.
Estudo das alterações do ADN mitocondrial e do GRIM-19 em oncocitomas renais:
Comparação com os tumores de células de Hürthle da tireóide
2
A homogeneidade celular fenotípica dos oncocitomas renais e a notável
transformação oncocítica observada no parênquima renal não neoplásico na maioria
(12/14) dos casos estudados leva a presumir que o evento carcinogénico deverá ter
ocorrido numa célula com anomalia prévia do mtDNA ou do nDNA que codifica
enzimas mitocondriais. Esta hipótese é favorecida pela existência da delecção comum
no parênquima renal não neoplásico numa maior percentagem de casos (50%) que a
observada no parênquima não neoplásico tireoideu nos casos de tumores de células de
Hürthle (25-33%). É possível que a delecção comum seja um marcador das alterações
que ocorrem na biogénese mitocondrial nestas condições.
As mutações na ATPase 6 parecem ocorrer preferencialmente nos tumores de
células oxifílicas, pelo menos do rim e da tireóide. Os nossos resultados não favorecem
a existência de um papel determinante para a instabilidade na região não codificadora
D-loop na transformação oncocítica, apesar dessa alteração estar presente em 42,9% dos
tumores. É provável que as mutações na região D-loop resultem, sobretudo, da
produção aumentada de espécies reactivas de oxigénio pelas células tumorais em geral.
A função principal do GRIM-19 na tumorigénese renal não parece estar
relacionada com a cadeia respiratória mitocondrial, ou pelo menos, não parece estar
relacionada com o fenótipo oncocítico, uma vez que a expressão de GRIM-19 está
significativamente mais afectada nos carcinomas de células renais que nos oncocitomas.<br>Renal oncocytomas are composed by cells whose cytoplasm is packed with an
abnormally high mumber of biochemically and morphologically deficient mitochondria
(oxyphilic, oncocytic or Hürthle cells). Tumours with an oncocytic fenotype, resulting
from mitochondria accumulation, may occur in many organs, predominantly in tissues
with low proliferation index. In the thyroid, where they are called Hürthle cell tumours,
our group has identified alterations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and in a
nuclear gene that encodes for a mitochondrial protein (GRIM-19), with significant
differences when compared to non-oncocytic tumours. Regarding renal oncocytomas
there are no publications describing the occurrence of such alterations.
The mitochondria accumulation in the cytoplasm of cells may be the result of a
primary alteration in mtDNA that encodes for mitochondrial enzymes, or it can be a
consequence of mutations in nuclear DNA (nDNA) that encodes for mitochondrial
proteins.
In an attempt to contribute to a better understanding of the tumourigenesis of
oxyphilic cell tumours in general and of renal oncocytomas in particular, we studied 14
renal oncocytomas and the respective non neoplastic parenchyma regarding some
mtDNA and nDNA alterations. The cases were reviewed and DNA extraction was
performed in microdissected tissues obtained from the paraffin-embedded material. We
searched for mtDNA alterations such as the common deletion, mutations in the D-loop
non codifying region and in the subunits 6 and 8 of complex V (ATPase). GRIM-19
alterations were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.
The mtDNA common deletion was detected in 78.6% of renal oncocytomas and
in 50% of the cases in the respective non neoplastic parenchyma. Instability in the Dloop
region was detected in 42.9% of the tumours. We identified somatic mutations in
ATPase 6 and/or 8 in 14,3% of the cases. GRIM-19 expression was slightly less intense
in the oncocytomas than in the adjacent proximal renal tubules.
Our results do not differ substantially from those obtained in Hürthle cell
tumours of the thyroid, namely in the kind of alteration and its relative frequency.
The homogenous cellular fenotype of renal oncocytomas and the obvious
oncocytic transformation observed in the non neoplastic renal parenchyma in most of
the studied cases (12/14) indicates that the carcinogenic event must have occurred in a
Estudo das alterações do ADN mitocondrial e do GRIM-19 em oncocitomas renais:
Comparação com os tumores de células de Hürthle da tireóide
4
cell with a previous anomaly of mtDNA and/or nDNA that encodes for mitochondrial
enzymes. This hypothesis is favoured by the presence of the common deletion in a
higher percentage of the non-neoplastic parenchyma of oncocytomas (50%) than in nonneoplastic
thyroid parenchyma in the cases of Hürthle cell tumours (25-33%). It is
possible that the common deletion may be an indirect biomarker of the alterations
occurring in mitochondrial biogenesis in these conditions.
Mutations in ATPase 6 seem to occur predominantly in oxiphylic cell tumours,
at least in kidney and thyroid. Our results do not favour the existence of a determinant
role for the instability of the non codifying D-loop region in the oncocytic
transformation, despite finding such alterations in 42.9% of the tumours. It is probable
that mutations in the D-loop region are mainly the result of increased reactive oxygen
species production by tumoural cells in general.
The main role of GRIM-19 in renal tumourigenesis does not seem to be related
to the mitochondrial respiratory chain, or at least, does not seem to be related with
oncocytic features, since the expression of GRIM-19 is significantly more affected in
renal cell carcinomas than in oncocytomas.
16
Grieco, Antonia. "Sintesi e caratterizzazione di materiali polimerici water-soluble per applicazioni nel campo del fotovoltaico organico." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22232/.
Full textAbstract:
The need to use renewable energy sources, due to the massive production of pollution for the energy production, has led to the development of new technologies for the use of solar energy. The purpose of this thesis project is to synthesize and characterize new thiophene-based polymeric materials processable in water, a green solvent, for the construction of organic solar cells, promising and versatile devices used for the production of electric energy. For this, a highly regioregular polymer was synthesized through GRIM polymerization (Grignard Metathesis Polymerization) on which a study was performed to identify the optimal reaction time.
17
Rosén, Nils. "Döden och livet därefter enligt en berättelse om liemannen : En kvalitativ undersökning av uppfattningar om döden och livet efter detta i Grim Fandango Remastered." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255710.
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The purpose of this paper consists of examining the different ways of thinking about death and life beyond death conveyed in the game Grim Fandango Remastered. This was done by using a theoretical framework consisting of a self invented definition of death called "Bodily death". This definition consists of common notions about death such as cessation of life functions like movement, metabolism, respiration and overall cessation of brain functions. It also included cessation of vital processes, which includes the ability to make energy transfer, making reparations, for example by cell replication, as well as the waste system of the body. Besides this, the study examines the prevalence of dualism, a conception that views the soul essential to the individual's mental state. Two kinds of dualism were investigated, simple dualism with the assumption that the individual is made up of the soul, and compound dualism, where soul and body are dependent on each other for the survival of the individual. The study also examined the prevalence of materialism, a mindset where the individual is comprised of a combination of things without life or consciousness, in other words an existence dependent of the body. The results showed mainly a view that was non agreeable with bodily death, as the characters had many life signs such as breathing, ability to move, nutrition, metabolism and other signs of functions that would not be possible without the brain's functionality. Furthermore as shown with sprouted, the death within death in the game which consisted of becoming overgrown with flowers, showed signs of life rather than bodily death, as flowers have the vital process of photosynthesis. The game also showed mainly ideas of dualism as the characters often was referred as souls. The kind of dualism that occurred most however was compound dualism because the game often implied that characters died when their bodies became destroyed.
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Medlej, Hussein. "Copolymères à blocs « rigide-rigide » pour les cellules photovoltaïques organiques." Thesis, Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU3027/document.
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Les performances des cellules photovoltaïques organiques de type hétérojonction en volume sont entre autres influencées par les propriétés opto-électroniques du polymère semiconducteur donneur d’électrons. L’objectif de cette thèse était de développer de nouveaux polymères π-conjugués pour permettre une meilleure exploitation du spectre solaire et donc améliorer la photogénération des charges. Pour cela, plusieurs dérivés de polythiophènes comportant des substituants aromatiques phényles ont été synthétisés par la méthode de GRIM, à noter l’homopolymère poly[(3-(4-hexylphényl) thiophène] (P3HPT) et le copolymère à blocs poly[3-(4-hexylphényl)thiophène]-bloc-poly(3-hexylthiophène) (P3HPT-b-P3HT). Nous avons également étudié une nouvelle famille de polymères à faible bande interdite basés sur l’alternance d’unités thiophène et dithiéno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole riches en électrons et 2,1,3- benzothiadiazole pauvres en électrons. Après synthèse des différents monomères, les copolymères alternés ont été ensuite obtenus par polycondensation par couplage de Stille. Les différents matériaux synthétisés ont été d’abord caractérisés par analyse thermogravimétrique et par calorimétrie différentielle à balayage afin d’étudier leurs propriétés thermiques. Ensuite, des caractérisations structurales (en particulier DRX et neutrons), optiques (UV-visible) et morphologiques (AFM) ont été réalisées. A partir des résultats obtenus, nous avons pu évaluer les relations entre les structures et les propriétés des matériaux. Finalement, des cellules photovoltaïques à base des polymères synthétisés ont été réalisées et leurs performances ont été corrélées aux propriétés des matériaux<br>The performances of organic solar cells based on the concept of bulk heterojunction configuration are strongly influenced by the optoelectronic properties of the electron donor polymer. The aim of this thesis was to develop new π-conjugated polymers to allow a better exploitation of the solar spectrum and thus improving the photogeneration of charges. For this,several polythiophene derivatives substituted by phenyl aromatic groups have been synthesized by the GRIM method, note the homopolymer poly[(3-(4-hexylphenyl)thiophene] (P3HPT) and the diblock copolymer poly[3-(4- exylphenyl)thiophene]-block-poly(3- hexylthiophène) (P3HPT-b-P3HT). We also studied a new family of low band gap polymers based on the alternation of electron-rich thiophene and dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole units andelectron-deficient 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole units. After synthesis of the various monomers, alternating copolymers were then obtained by Stille cross-coupling polycondensation. The different synthesized materials were first characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and by differential scanning calorimetry to study their thermal properties. Then, structural(especially XRD and neutron), optical (UV-visible) and morphological (AFM) characterizations were performed. From the obtained results, we were able to evaluate the relation between structures and properties of materials. Finally, photovoltaic cells based on the synthesized polymers were performed and their performances were correlated to material properties
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Erothu, Harikrishna. "Synthesis and photovoltaic applications of novel copolymers based on poly(3-hexylthiophene)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14227/document.
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Dans cette étude, des copolymères à blocs rigide-flexible comprenant des segments donneur [poly(3-hexylthiophène) régiorégulier, (rr-P3HT)] et accepteurs d’électrons (C60) ont été synthétisés. L’auto-assemblage en masse de ces copolymères à blocs avait pour objectif d’atteindre des morphologies dont la taille des domaines coïncide avec la distance idéale de transport de l’exciton (~10 nm) en vue d’utiliser ces systèmes comme matériaux de couche active dans les cellules photovoltaïques organiques de type P3HT-PCBM.La maîtrise et l'optimisation des conditions de synthèse de rr-P3HT de fonctionnalité terminale bien définie nous ont permis d'accéder à différentes architectures de copolymères linéaires di- et triblocs, constitués de P3HT comme bloc rigide et de polystyrène ou poly(4-vinylpyridine) comme bloc ‘flexible’. La fonctionnalisation du bloc flexible avec des dérivés du fullerène (C60 ou PCBM) a ensuite été réalisée et ces copolymères utilisés comme additifs pour stabiliser la morphologie de la couche active des cellules solaires organiques de type P3HT/PCBM. Les caractéristiques photovoltaïques des matériaux ainsi préparés ont été déterminées et corrélées aux analyses morphologiques de la couche active<br>The performance of organic photovoltaic cells mainly depends on the active layer nano-morphology. Rod-coil block copolymers (BCPs) are well known in their ability to self-assemble into well-ordered nanoscopic morphologies. BCPs containing electron-donor and acceptor segments are of particular interest for use in photovoltaic cells because electronic light-excited states exist over distances similar to the typical size of block copolymer domains (~10 nm). Therefore, we designed novel donor-acceptor BCPs to exploit this coincidence in dimensions. This thesis is focused on BCPs based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (rr-P3HT) due to its high hole mobility and good processibility from various solvents. Simplified and versatile syntheses of donor-acceptor rod-coil di- and tri- BCPs consisting of the donor block P3HT (rod) and polystyrene or poly(4-vinylpyridine) (coil) blocks to carry the acceptor C60 in different ways were developed. These materials were used as surfactants to stabilize the nano-morphology of reference P3HT: [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) based devices. Photovoltaic characterizations were then tied to copolymer structural data with the help of AFM and a range of complementary characterization techniques
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Xiao, Yiming. "Engineering, Synthesis and Characterization of New - π Conjugated (Macro)molecular Architectures for Organic Optoelectronics : application toward ambipolar materials". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066638/document.
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Dans le domaine de l’électronique organique comprenant les cellules photovoltaïques (OPV), les diodes électroluminescentes (OLED) et les transistors à effet de champ (OFET), l’intérêt pour des matériaux ambipolaires a fortement augmenté au cours de ces dernières années.Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes intéressés au cours de cette thèse au design et à la préparation de différentes architectures semi-conductrices auto-organisées avec lesquelles il serait possible d’injecter et de transporter à la fois les trous et les électrons. Notre approche est basée sur des matériaux cristaux liquide (LC) incorporant différents types de systèmes électron-donneurs (p-type) ou électron-accepteurs (n-type) dans une architecture moléculaire ou macromoléculaire unique. Ainsi, nous avons synthétisé et caractérisé différentes séries de semi-conducteurs organiques tels que des diades discotiques LC donneur-σ-accepteur, des diades calamitiques LC donneur-σ-accepteur, et des polymères en peigne LC donneur-σ-accepteur portant des groupements latéraux discotiques. Leurs comportement thermiques, leurs propriétés optiques et électroniques, leurs propriétés d’auto-organisation en volume et en film mince, ainsi que leurs propriétés de transport de charge sont présentées et discutés.Ces études ont montré que tous ces matériaux présentent des propriétés liquide-cristallines en s’auto-organisant selon différentes structures telles que des organisations colonnaires, lamellaires et lamello-colonnaires. Plus particulièrement, ces matériaux montrent une nano-ségrégation spontanée en volume des fragments de type p et de type n, formant des chemins bien distincts pour chaque type de porteurs de charge, ces résultats étant bien mis en évidence par les premières mesures de transport de charge ambipolaire observées par temps de vol et en configuration transistor à effet de champs<br>In the general field of organic electronics, including Organic Photovoltaic (OPV), Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) and Organic Field-Effect Transistor (OFET), the interest for the ambipolar organic materials have increased remarkably during the recent years.In this context, we were interested, in this present work, in designing and preparing different new self-organized semiconducting architectures in which it could be possible to inject and transport both holes and electrons. Our approach is based on liquid crystalline (LC) materials incorporating different kinds of electron-donor (p-type) and electron acceptor (n-type) π-conjugated systems in a unique molecular or macromolecular architecture. Thus, we synthesized and characterized different series of organic semiconductors such as donor-σ-acceptor discotic LC dyads and triads, donor-σ-acceptor calamitic LC dyads, and donor-σ-acceptor side-chain LC polymers bearing discotic side-groups. Their thermal behaviors, optical and electronic properties, self-organization properties both in bulk and in thin films, and finally charge transport properties are presented and discussed.Based on different characterization techniques, we demonstrated that all these series of materials present liquid crystalline properties in self-organizing in different structure such as columnar, lamellar, and lamella-columnar organizations. More particularly, these materials exhibit spontaneous nanosegregation of p-type and n-type entities in bulk, leading to well defined distinct conductive channels for each type of charge carriers as evidenced by the preliminary ambipolar charge transport properties observed by Time-of-flight and Field effect transistor measurements
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Afram, Rabi. "Puzzle Design in Adventure Games." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för speldesign, teknik och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1916.
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This thesis investigates the level of difficulty of puzzles in the adventure games and the implications thereof. The thesis contains an in-depth background, and a brief history about the genre. It brings up the main problem of the genre and looks into both the cause and effect that follows. To support this process, an analysis has been made of design documents and a survey was issued on the subject of adventure game puzzles.
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Di, Teodoro Alessandro. "Teoria dei giochi e Multi-criteria decision-making per reti mobili Ad-hoc: un protocollo di routing." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6594/.
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Nell'elaborato si analizzano aspetti della teoria dei giochi e della multi-criteria decision-making. La riflessione serve a proporre le basi per un nuovo modello di protocollo di routing in ambito Mobile Ad-hoc Networks. Questo prototipo mira a generare una rete che riesca a gestirsi in maniera ottimale grazie ad un'acuta tecnica di clusterizzazione. Allo stesso tempo si propone come obiettivo il risparmio energetico e la partecipazione collaborativa di tutti i componenti.
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Hacker, Jonathan Bruce Rutledge David B. "Grid mixers and power grid oscillators /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1994. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11302007-145419.
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Sirvent, Pardell Raül. "GRID superscalar: a programming model for the Grid." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6015.
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Durant els darrers anys el Grid ha sorgit com una nova plataforma per la computació distribuïda. La tecnologia Gris permet unir diferents recursos de diferents dominis administratius i formar un superordinador virtual amb tots ells. Molts grups de recerca han dedicat els seus esforços a desenvolupar un conjunt de serveis bàsics per oferir un middleware de Grid: una capa que permet l'ús del Grid. De tota manera, utilitzar aquests serveis no és una tasca fácil per molts usuaris finals, cosa que empitjora si l'expertesa d'aquests usuaris no està relacionada amb la informàtica.<br/>Això té una influència negativa a l'hora de que la comunitat científica adopti la tecnologia Grid. Es veu com una tecnologia potent però molt difícil de fer servir. Per facilitar l'ús del Grid és necessària una capa extra que amagui la complexitat d'aquest i permeti als usuaris programar o portar les seves aplicacions de manera senzilla.<br/>Existeixen moltes propostes d'eines de programació pel Grid. En aquesta tesi fem un resum d'algunes d'elles, i podem veure que existeixen eines conscients i no-conscients del Grid (es programen especificant o no els detalls del Grid, respectivament). A més, molt poques d'aquestes eines poden explotar el paral·lelisme implícit de l'aplicació, i en la majoria d'elles, l'usuari ha de definir aquest paral·lelisme de manera explícita. Una altra característica que considerem important és si es basen en llenguatges de programació molt populars (com C++ o Java), cosa que facilita l'adopció per part dels usuaris finals.<br/>En aquesta tesi, el nostre objectiu principal ha estat crear un model de programació pel Grid basat en la programació seqüencial i els llenguatges més coneguts de la programació imperativa, capaç d'explotar el paral·lelisme implícit de les aplicacions i d'accelerar-les fent servir els recursos del Grid de manera concurrent. A més, com el Grid és de naturalesa distribuïda, heterogènia i dinàmica i degut també a que el nombre de recursos que pot formar un Grid pot ser molt gran, la probabilitat de que es produeixi una errada durant l'execució d'una aplicació és elevada. Per tant, un altre dels nostres objectius ha estat tractar qualsevol tipus d'error que pugui sorgir durant l'execució d'una aplicació de manera automàtica (ja siguin errors relacionats amb l'aplicació o amb el Grid). GRID superscalar (GRIDSs), la principal contribució d'aquesta tesi, és un model de programació que assoleix els<br/>objectius mencionats proporcionant una interfície molt petita i simple i un entorn d'execució que és capaç d'executar en paral·lel el codi proporcionat fent servir el Grid. La nostra interfície de programació permet a un usuari programar una aplicació no-conscient del Grid, amb llenguatges imperatius coneguts i populars (com C/C++, Java, Perl o Shell script) i de manera seqüencial, per tant dóna un pas important per ajudar als usuaris a adoptar la tecnologia Grid.<br/>Hem aplicat el nostre coneixement de l'arquitectura de computadors i el disseny de microprocessadors a l'entorn d'execució de GRIDSs. Tal com es fa a un processador superescalar, l'entorn d'execució de GRIDSs és capaç de realitzar un anàlisi de dependències entre les tasques que formen l'aplicació, i d'aplicar tècniques de renombrament per incrementar el seu paral·lelisme. GRIDSs genera automàticament a partir del codi principal de l'usuari un graf que descriu les dependències de dades en l'aplicació. També presentem casos d'ús reals del model de programació en els camps de la química computacional i la bioinformàtica, que demostren que els nostres objectius han estat assolits.<br/>Finalment, hem estudiat l'aplicació de diferents tècniques per detectar i tractar fallades: checkpoint, reintent i replicació de tasques. La nostra proposta és proporcionar un entorn capaç de tractar qualsevol tipus d'errors, de manera transparent a l'usuari sempre que sigui possible. El principal avantatge d'implementar aquests mecanismos al nivell del model de programació és que el coneixement a nivell de l'aplicació pot ser explotat per crear dinàmicament una estratègia de tolerància a fallades per cada aplicació, i evitar introduir sobrecàrrega en entorns lliures d'errors.<br>During last years, the Grid has emerged as a new platform for distributed computing. The Grid technology allows joining different resources from different administrative domains and forming a virtual supercomputer with all of them.<br/>Many research groups have dedicated their efforts to develop a set of basic services to offer a Grid middleware: a layer that enables the use of the Grid. Anyway, using these services is not an easy task for many end users, even more if their expertise is not related to computer science. This has a negative influence in the adoption of the Grid technology by the scientific community. They see it as a powerful technology but very difficult to exploit. In order to ease the way the Grid must be used, there is a need for an extra layer which hides all the complexity of the Grid, and allows users to program or port their applications in an easy way.<br/>There has been many proposals of programming tools for the Grid. In this thesis we give an overview on some of them, and we can see that there exist both Grid-aware and Grid-unaware environments (programmed with or without specifying details of the Grid respectively). Besides, very few existing tools can exploit the implicit parallelism of the application and in the majority of them, the user must define the parallelism explicitly. Another important feature we consider is if they are based in widely used programming languages (as C++ or Java), so the adoption is easier for end users.<br/>In this thesis, our main objective has been to create a programming model for the Grid based on sequential programming and well-known imperative programming languages, able to exploit the implicit parallelism of applications and to speed them up by using the Grid resources concurrently. Moreover, because the Grid has a distributed, heterogeneous and dynamic nature and also because the number of resources that form a Grid can be very big, the probability that an error arises during an application's execution is big. Thus, another of our objectives has been to automatically deal with any type of errors which may arise during the execution of the application (application related or Grid related).<br/>GRID superscalar (GRIDSs), the main contribution of this thesis, is a programming model that achieves these mentioned objectives by providing a very small and simple interface and a runtime that is able to execute in parallel the code provided using the Grid. Our programming interface allows a user to program a Grid-unaware application with already known and popular imperative languages (such as C/C++, Java, Perl or Shell script) and in a sequential fashion, therefore giving an important step to assist end users in the adoption of the Grid technology.<br/>We have applied our knowledge from computer architecture and microprocessor design to the GRIDSs runtime. As it is done in a superscalar processor, the GRIDSs runtime system is able to perform a data dependence analysis between the tasks that form an application, and to apply renaming techniques in order to increase its parallelism. GRIDSs generates automatically from user's main code a graph describing the data dependencies in the application.<br/>We present real use cases of the programming model in the fields of computational chemistry and bioinformatics, which demonstrate that our objectives have been achieved.<br/>Finally, we have studied the application of several fault detection and treatment techniques: checkpointing, task retry and task replication. Our proposal is to provide an environment able to deal with all types of failures, transparently for the user whenever possible. The main advantage in implementing these mechanisms at the programming model level is that application-level knowledge can be exploited in order to dynamically create a fault tolerance strategy for each application, and avoiding to introduce overhead in error-free environments.
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Theisen, Matias Ebbe. "Offshore-Grid." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14477.
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This thesis has been conducted in cooperation with the Norwegian transmission system operator, Statnett, and their research on two new interconnectors linking Norway to England and Germany. The work presented in this thesis has considered one of these interconnectors, with a third terminal connected offshore to allow for integration of offshore wind power and oil platforms, as shown in fig.~ref{fig:theGrid}.Investigation of the voltage source converters (VSCs) control ability as well as operational aspects of multi-terminal DC-grids has been performed. Identified as the key control variable of a DC-grid is the DC-voltage serving as a measure of power balance, since an unbalance will affect the DC-voltage through charging or discharging of the DC-capacitances. Utilizing VSCs allowing a fast and accurate control of the DC-voltage can lead to a stable operation of a DC-grid.The three-terminal structure, fig.~ref{fig:theGrid}, was implemented in the simulation tool SIMPOW and connected to a 35-node AC-grid model representing the Nordic grid. The simulation model was used for analyzes of the DC-grid operation and its affect on the connected AC-grids. The converter station connected to the Nordic grid were applied with DC-voltage control, implying that it will act as the power balancing unit of the DC-grid. The simulations performed show that the control structure implemented could assure a stable DC-grid operation within 0.3s of a fault. It identified the need for a fast response to changes in the DC-voltage as the influence of the other connected AC-grids were directly linked to DC-voltage oscillations. Simulations were also conducted to study the advantage of applying AC-voltage control compared to reactive power for the converter connected to the Nordic grid. It was identified that an increased stability of the Nordic grid could be assured during faults in the grid itself. This also affected the DC-grid operation through an increased capability of power exchange with the Nordic grid.
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Reynolds, Kimberly Jo. "Grit Line." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1095.
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Vladyka, Albinas. "GRID projektavimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_163304-55611.
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Darbo „Grid projektavimas“ tikslas – suprojektuoti, sukonfigūruoti telkinį Šiaulių universitete ir prijungti jį prie bendro Litgrid ir Balticgrid tinklyno. Pagrindiniai šio darbo uždaviniai yra orientuoti į darbo tikslą ir apima ne tik programinius sprendimus, bet ir vartotojų mokymų organizavimą bei galimybių šiam tikslui panaudoti mokymo klas÷se esančius kompiuterius analizę ir rekomendacijas. Šiame darbe įdiegta ir sukonfigūruota programin÷ įranga, telkinys prijungtas prie virtualiųjų organizacijų Litgrid ir Balticgrid, sukurti scenarijai, automatizuojantys programų diegimą ir konfigūravimą. Telkinio pristatymas, metodin÷s rekomendacijos ir mokymai darbui su juo buvo realizuoti dviejose konferencijose. Darbas inovatyvus tuo, kad tokio pobūdžio virtualus kompiuteris yra pirmasis ir vienintelis Šiaulių regione - jis sudaro sąlygas panaudoti jau turimus kompiuterius didel÷s apimties skaičiavimo resursams imlių uždavinių sprendimui.<br>The purpose of the project "Grid designing" is to design and to configure the cluster at Siauliai University and connect it to Litgrid and Balticgrid. The main problems of this project are orientated towards the objective of the project and include not only software solutions, but also organization of users training and analysis as well as recommendations on possibilities to employ computers located at the teaching classes for that purpose too. This project has installed and configured software, the cluster is connected to virtual organizations of Litgrid and Balticgrid, it has created scripts, which automates installation and configuration of programs. Cluster, methodological recommendations and training for it were presented in two conferences. The project is innovative because it is the first and the only virtual computer of such nature in Siauliai region, which enables to use available computers to solve tasks that require big volumes of calculating resources.
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Popović, Zoya B. Rutledge David B. Rutledge David B. "Grid oscillators /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1990. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03112007-121926.
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Kim, Moonil. "Grid amplifiers." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1993. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08292007-104142.
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Karlsson, Linnea. "Textile Grid." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17099.
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Textile Grid är ett undersökande textildesignprojektsom utforskar olika tekniker och material för atttänja på gränserna i textil. Utgångspunkten ärett enkelt rutmönster som översätts i teknikernatryck, väv och trikå. Rutmönstret fungerar som enkonstruktion i textilen och genom att jobba medkontrasterna mellan hårt och mjukt, samt rörelseoch stabilitet utforskas både textilens utseendeoch rörelse. Resultatet är fem material som viksoch formas efter sin egen konstruktion.<br><p>Textile Grid is a design projekt about exploring</p><p>different techniques and materials to expand the</p><p>boundaries of textile; what textile usually looks</p><p>like and how it appears. The starting-point is a</p><p>simple grid that is translated in screen-print,</p><p>knitting and weave. The grid works as a</p><p>construction in the textile. By playing with the</p><p>contrast between soft and hard, stability and</p><p>movement both the expression and the behavior</p><p>of the textile are explored.</p><p>Program: Textildesignutbildningen</p>
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Livingstone, Tessa. "Lady Grimm." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4476.
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Lady Grimm is a conceptual assemblage. A substrate of fairy tales, fables, and nursery rhymes provide a basis for transformative and macabre frames, specifically concerning a stillbirth in 1940s Scotland. The collection utilizes the folklore genre to navigate a world of uncertainty and realities too difficult for its speakers to face. It further critiques the assumption of voice being restricted to human cognition. Animalistic totems as sea lions, peacocks, rabbits, and iguanas are some of the spirits summoned in order to explore themes such as motherhood, irreversible loss, abandonment, and choice within choicelessness. The collection begins in tragedy but gestures toward redemption as it maneuvers through strange & haunting imagery, mystic & surreal narratives. Ultimately, Lady Grimm illuminates a path towards perseverance in a coldly indifferent world.
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Rylander, Anton. "Smart Grid." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-23430.
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Hanaoka, Akira. "An overset grid method coupling an orthogonal curvilinear grid solver and a Cartesian grid solver." Thesis, The University of Iowa, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3566648.
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<p> The objective of the current study is development of a coupled orthogonal curvilinear/Cartesian grid solver. The solver requires a thin orthogonal boundary layer grid and a non-uniform Cartesian grid to resolve the boundary layer on a solid surface and the flow region away from the surface, respectively. Flows inside the orthogonal boundary layer and Cartesian background grids are solved by different CFD solvers which are coupled by an overset grid method. SUGGAR code writes the grid domain connectivity information into a file that identifies grid points necessary for the overset grid interpolation. In order to satisfy mass conservation across the overlapping region, the pressure Poisson equations and the overset interpolation equations are encompassed from both of the solvers and solved simultaneously by an iterative method. </p><p> Accuracy of the coupled orthogonal curvilinear/Cartesian grid solver was evaluated in terms of flows past circular cylinders because the orthogonal boundary layer grids can be generated easily due to its simple cylindrical shape. In this study, additional numerical simulations were also performed by the original orthogonal curvilinear and Cartesian grid solvers in order to obtain the benchmark data to compare with the results of the coupled orthogonal curvilinear/Cartesian grid solver. </p><p> The coupled orthogonal curvilinear/Cartesian grid solver was applied to steady and unsteady laminar flows at Re = 40 and 200, single-phase turbulent flows at subcritical Re = 3900 and supercritical Re = 5 × 10<sup> 5</sup> and 1 × 10<sup>6</sup>, and two-phase flows at (Re, Fr) = (2.7 × 10<sup>4</sup>, 0.20), (2.7 × 10<sup>4</sup>, 0.80), and (4.58 × 10<sup>5</sup>, 1.64). Those numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental and numerical results in the literature. </p><p> Effects of the grid resolution on the numerical results were analyzed in this study. The analysis showed the more accurate resolution of near-wall regions by the boundary layer grids for the coupled orthogonal curvilinear/Cartesian grid solver. It also presented the similar trends of the flow at the subcritical Re with the vertical resolution to those observed in the literature. </p><p> The coupled orthogonal curvilinear/Cartesian grid solver predicted much delayed separations of the boundary layers at both the supercritical Re, which caused the narrower wakes and the shorter recirculation regions than those at the subcritical Re. The features of surface pressure corresponded to the postponed separations. </p><p> The solver developed in this study showed the similar trends in the two-phase flows at Fr = 0.20 and 0.80 to those observed by the past numerical studies. The trends of the vortex shedding, deviating shear layers, and the expanded wake on the free surface are more prominent in the flow at Fr = 0.80 than that at Fr = 0.20. At Re = 4.58 × 10<sup>5</sup> and Fr = 1.64, the flow near the free surface includes the small recirculation region behind the cylinder, which corresponds to the cavity structure on the free surface in the same region, and two large symmetric recirculation regions. The shear layers separating from the cylinder surface move along the outer edges of the recirculation regions. Another pair of the shear layers is separated from the smaller recirculation region.</p>
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Lelke, Ina. "Die Brüder Grimm in Berlin : zum Verhältnis von Geselligkeit, Arbeitsweise und Disziplingenese im 19. Jahrhundert /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0712/2007423460.html.
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Zhang, Weiyi. "Control of grid connected power converters with grid support functionalities." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456312.
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The installation of power generation systems based on renewable energy sources has been increasing exponentially over the last decades. However, in spite of the well-known merits of such energy sources, the expansion of renewable-based generation (RG) plants, which interface the grid through power converters, can produce also negative impacts on the electrical grid, due to its power processing mechanism, which is different from traditional generation plants. In fact, the regulation capability of the grid can decrease as much as the share of the RG increases. To avoid this, power conversion systems belonging to RG plants are requested to be more grid-friendly, and responsive to the electrical network conditions. In this way, they can contribute to the electrical network stability as other generation does, instead of behaving as simply grid-feeding systems focused on injecting as much power as possible.This PhD dissertation is focused on the control of grid-connected power converters with grid support functionalities based on the Synchronous Power Controller (SPC) concept. The SPC is an established solution for controlling grid connected power converters and equipping them with emulated and improved synchronous machine characteristics. In addition to the general goal of improving the grid interaction of the RG plants, grid support functionality stands as a main property among the characteristics given by the SPC. In this dissertation the virtual admittance structure, contained in the electrical block of the SPC, which emulates the stator output impedance of the synchronous machines, is analyzed. Moreover, it is extended to a study case where the admittance value can be different for positive- and negative-sequence components. The designed virtual admittance block contains three branches, which are responsible for positive-sequence current injection, negative-sequence current injection and other harmonic components, respectively. The converter¿s performance under asymmetrical grid fault is especially considered in this case.The analysis and arrangements in the design of the SPC¿s power loop controller is another contribution of this research. Other methods that consider synchronous machine emulation normally construct the controller by reproducing the synchronous generation swing equation. Based on the virtual implementation, which is free from mechanical constraints, one can set a proper damping factor achieving thus better dynamics compared to the traditional synchronous machines. However, the increase of the damping factor changes the inherent power-frequency (P-f) droop characteristics, which may lead to undesired deviations in the active power generation. In the framework of this PhD, a method that modifies the conventional swing equation emulation and lets the inherent P-f droop characteristics be configurable, independently of the inertia and damping characteristics, is proposed.The work presented in this dissertation is supported by mathematical and simulation analysis. Moreover, in order to endorse the conclusions achieved, a complete experimental validation has been conducted. As it will be shown, the performance of the SPC has been validated in tests once the main parts, namely virtual admittance and power loop controller, and other parts are settled. The simulation and experimental test scenarios include events like changes in the power operation point, frequency sweeps, voltage magnitude changes, start-up and parallel converters operation, which are given under different control configurations like the different structures for the power loop controller and different control parameters. This PhD research also compares the transient performance of the SPC-based power converters with the ones achieved with conventional control methods.<br>Los convertidores de potencia conectados a la red actúan comúnmente como interfaz entre plantas de generación basadas en energía renovable y la red eléctrica, permitiendo así el procesado de energía eólica y fotovoltaica y su inyección a red. El control de estos convertidores conectados a la red ha sido objeto de estudio en las últimas décadas, ya que su comportamiento y prestaciones influye de forma determinante tanto en la calidad de la red eléctrica, así como en el cumplimiento de los requisitos de conexión a la red fijados por los códigos de red. Junto con la expansión de las plantas de generación de energía renovable, su impacto en el sistema eléctrico ha crecido también, lo cual ha hecho que se lleven a cabo muchos trabajos de investigación orientados a armonizar la penetración de renovables con la estabilidad de la red. Con los sistemas de control actuales la capacidad de regulación de la red disminuye tanto como la proporción de la generación renovable aumenta. En las redes eléctricas del futuro, se espera que los convertidores de potencia, que actúan como interfaz, exploten sus posibilidades de cómputo y control permitiendo mejorar la interacción de la generación renovable con la red. En este contexto los controles de tipo “droop control”, los cuales son ampliamente utilizados en sistemas de generación tradicionales, se pueden aplicar a los convertidores conectados a red para habilitar funciones de soporte de red, ya que estos contribuyen al control de tensión y frecuencia primaria ajustando el intercambio de potencia activo y reactiva de forma proporcional a la desviación de la frecuencia y magnitud de la tensión en el punto de conexión. En el caso de regulación de frecuencia, y para que este sea bidireccional, el convertidor puede interactuar con la red con la ayuda de sistemas de almacenamiento de energía. Sin embargo, la inclusión del “droop control” no conlleva una solución global. Incluso si se ajusta de forma óptima y se dispone de reserva de energía, aún hay cuestiones como la respuesta inercial que no se pueden dar con este tipo de control. La generación en los sistemas tradicionales se lleva a cabo principalmente por generadores síncronos. Comparados con estos, los convertidores conectados a la red difieren principalmente en la falta de la característica electromecánica. En consecuencia, la estática y la dinámica de las unidades de generación de energía renovable son diferentes en comparación con los generadores síncronos. La dinámica de estos convertidores es altamente dependiente de los sistemas de sincronización (PLL), cuyo comportamiento se degrada en condiciones de red adversas o distorsionadas. Además, el control de potencia normalmente depende control de potencia instantáneo. Debido a las diferentes dinámicas, la inercia total en la red no aumenta junto con la integración de las energías renovables. Sin embargo, los códigos de red han incluido requerimientos tales como “inercia sintética" en los requisitos. Otras deficiencias del control del convertidor convencional incluyen el rendimiento inferior bajo condiciones de avería de red, en conexión de red débil y conexión de red de relación X / R baja. Esta tesis doctoral estudia y valida el control de los convertidores conectados a la red con funcionalidades de soporte de red. El objetivo general del trabajo es mejorar las características de interacción de la red de las plantas de generación de energía renovable mediante la especificación de los convertidores conectados a la red con características de la máquina síncrona emulada y mejorada. La tesis ha aportado contribuciones o ha mostrado originalidades en los siguientes aspectos: Un enfoque de ajuste de bucle de control de corriente interno generalizado; Diseño detallado y validación de la admisión virtual para convertidores conectados a la red; Diseño detallado y validación del circuito de control de potencia para la emulación de inercia y amortiguación.
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Pozo, Karine. "Molecular studies of GRIF-1 and GRIF-1 interacting proteins." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443791.
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Nyström, Anton. "Optimering av grid LED-armatur : Optimization of grid LED-armature." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69726.
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Nordic Light are one off the leading companies in manufacturing and development of lamparmatures and have been doing that since 1980. Since LED lamps are getting more and more common, the demands on optimizing thearmatures are rising. Because of the competition in the lamp industry the customers put highdemands on the efficiency and price. The purpose of this paper is to optimize an existingarmature and the focus will be on efficiency and manufacturing costs. An analysis of the existing armature was made to establish the function and cost of everycomponent. This was the foundation for the ideation of the new armature. To ensure that thenew armature would manage the requirements, a calculations of manufacturing costs and ananalysis in OpticStudio was made. The result shows a solution more cost efficiant than the original with high efficiency where itis possible to attach the armature in the roof or to profiles. It is recommended to make aprototype and to perceive with additional calculations before the manufacturing starts.
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Mustafa, Mustafa Asan. "Smart Grid security : protecting users' privacy in smart grid applications." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/smart-grid-security-protecting-users-privacy-in-smart-grid-applications(565d4c36-8c83-4848-a142-a6ff70868d93).html.
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Smart Grid (SG) is an electrical grid enhanced with information and communication technology capabilities, so it can support two-way electricity and communication flows among various entities in the grid. The aim of SG is to make the electricity industry operate more efficiently and to provide electricity in a more secure, reliable and sustainable manner. Automated Meter Reading (AMR) and Smart Electric Vehicle (SEV) charging are two SG applications tipped to play a major role in achieving this aim. The AMR application allows different SG entities to collect users’ fine-grained metering data measured by users’ Smart Meters (SMs). The SEV charging application allows EVs’ charging parameters to be changed depending on the grid’s state in return for incentives for the EV owners. However, both applications impose risks on users’ privacy. Entities having access to users’ fine-grained metering data may use such data to infer individual users’ personal habits. In addition, users’ private information such as users’/EVs’ identities and charging locations could be exposed when EVs are charged. Entities may use such information to learn users’ whereabouts, thus breach their privacy. This thesis proposes secure and user privacy-preserving protocols to support AMR and SEV charging in an efficient, scalable and cost-effective manner. First, it investigates both applications. For AMR, (1) it specifies an extensive set of functional requirements taking into account the way liberalised electricity markets work and the interests of all SG entities, (2) it performs a comprehensive threat analysis, based on which, (3) it specifies security and privacy requirements, and (4) it proposes to divide users’ data into two types: operational data (used for grid management) and accountable data (used for billing). For SEV charging, (1) it specifies two modes of charging: price-driven mode and price-control-driven mode, and (2) it analyses two use-cases: price-driven roaming SEV charging at home location and price-control-driven roaming SEV charging at home location, by performing threat analysis and specifying sets of functional, security and privacy requirements for each of the two cases. Second, it proposes a novel Decentralized, Efficient, Privacy-preserving and Selective Aggregation (DEP2SA) protocol to allow SG entities to collect users’ fine-grained operational metering data while preserving users’ privacy. DEP2SA uses the homomorphic Paillier cryptosystem to ensure the confidentiality of the metering data during their transit and data aggregation process. To preserve users’ privacy with minimum performance penalty, users’ metering data are classified and aggregated accordingly by their respective local gateways based on the users’ locations and their contracted suppliers. In this way, authorised SG entities can only receive the aggregated data of users they have contracts with. DEP2SA has been analysed in terms of security, computational and communication overheads, and the results show that it is more secure, efficient and scalable as compared with related work. Third, it proposes a novel suite of five protocols to allow (1) suppliers to collect users accountable metering data, and (2) users (i) to access, manage and control their own metering data and (ii) to switch between electricity tariffs and suppliers, in an efficient and scalable manner. The main ideas are: (i) each SM to have a register, named accounting register, dedicated only for storing the user’s accountable data, (ii) this register is updated by design at a low frequency, (iii) the user’s supplier has unlimited access to this register, and (iv) the user cancustomise how often this register is updated with new data. The suite has been analysed in terms of security, computational and communication overheads. Fourth, it proposes a novel protocol, known as Roaming Electric Vehicle Charging and Billing, an Anonymous Multi-User (REVCBAMU) protocol, to support the priced-driven roaming SEV charging at home location. During a charging session, a roaming EV user uses a pseudonym of the EV (known only to the user’s contracted supplier) which is anonymously signed by the user’s private key. This protocol protects the user’s identity privacy from other suppliers as well as the user’s privacy of location from its own supplier. Further, it allows the user’s contracted supplier to authenticate the EV and the user. Using two-factor authentication approach a multi-user EV charging is supported and different legitimate EV users (e.g., family members) can be held accountable for their charging sessions. With each charging session, the EV uses a different pseudonym which prevents adversaries from linking the different charging sessions of the same EV. On an application level, REVCBAMU supports fair user billing, i.e., each user pays only for his/her own energy consumption, and an open EV marketplace in which EV users can safely choose among different remote host suppliers. The protocol has been analysed in terms of security and computational overheads.
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Sennewald, Jens Emil. "Das Buch, das wir sind : zur Poetik der Kinder- und Hausmärchen, gesammelt durch die Gebrüder Grimm /." Würzburg : Königshausen & Neumann, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39271627b.
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Wang, Minjun. "Grid-based collaboration." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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Reinicke, Michael. "Dienstauswahlverfahren im Grid /." Göttingen : Sierke, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/52764790X.pdf.
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Asbery, Christopher W. "SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/10.
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Smart grid technologies are starting to be the future of electric power systems. These systems are giving the utilities detailed information about their systems in real time. One of the most challenging things of implementing smart grid applications is employing the communications into the systems. Understanding the available communications can help ease the transition to these smart grid applications. Many of the utility personnel are spending too much time trying to figure out which communication is better for their application or applications. So this thesis presents the different communication types available with discussing the different attributes in which these communication types are going to offer to the utility. Then these communication types are looked such that utilities can quickly understand how to approach the difficult task of obtaining the information from the different smart grid applications by the use of different communication options.
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Schmitz, Ulrich. "Grün bei Grimm." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/1008/.
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Jenkins, Emma. "Grid- Design development." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254682.
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Wilkins, Ophelia (Ophelia Jane). "Decomposing the grid." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38602.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-90).<br>The American landscape chronicles the dreams of an agricultural nation through a series of regular lines en-scribed on a flat plane. Each 6 mile x 6 mile square frames a lose-lose situation in which government subsidies encourage intensive monocultural production resulting in loss of topsoil, biodiversity and population while contaminating the ground with chemicals and glutting global commodity markets. Current "advances" in agricultural research demonstrate that age-old technologies - small scale rotational systems - properly managed, can multiply productivity while rehabilitating soils, retaining moisture and reducing or eliminating chemical applications. At a fragile moment in history when only 2% of the population produces the agriculture which supports the other 98%, this thesis proposes an alternative to the current agro-political landscape in which rational lines no longer suffice to measure a rotational landscape.<br>Ophelia Wilkins.<br>M.Arch.
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Kardasis, Ari (Ari David). "The soft grid." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65438.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-101).<br>The grid in architecture is a systematic organization of space. The means that architects use to organize space are, almost by definition, rigid and totalizing. The Cartesian grid, which will serve as the antagonist of the soft grid, is geometrically and topologically unyielding on both the local and global scales. There are, however, alternatives to such hard grids. Through a series of studies, this thesis will catalog and analyze the soft girds, i.e. those that are adaptive, variable, scalable, asymmetrical and entropic. Computational tools in architecture have, in recent years, enabled designers to manage geometries that until now have been realizable only by analog means. The instrumental capacity for complex designs has lead to increased demand for soft gridding systems as is evidenced by the profusion of Voronoi diagrams, pixelations, distorted grids and Danzer tilings in student and conceptual work. However, the built scale of such projects is rarely beyond installation largely because of the difficulty in managing spatial organizations that are not essentially Cartesian. Th is thesis will lay the groundwork for a systematic understanding of the possibilities of soft grids while providing much of the computational tools to generate and manage specific examples.<br>by Ari Kardasis.<br>S.M.
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Keswani, Girisha H. "Revealing the Grid." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31338.
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Ruins have always fascinated me. These eerie, abandoned, man made buildings, hold you in awe. Buildings no longer in use, tell their story through whatever remains. What does one do with the ruins? Preserve, destroy or reinterpret?
How do you build with ruins? How much do you destroy? How much do you retain? How do you build anew?
One such ruin is that of Mc Millan Sand Filtration Plant in Washington DC. A completely utilitarian structure, with a huge grid of columns covered with a roof spread over 25 acres of land. What appears from the eye level as a 25 acre lawn with a grid of manholes, interspersed with two rows of gigantic concrete towers, is actually a water purification plant that used a slow sand fi ltration process (purifying water by passing it through sand and gravel) to supply potable drinking water.
The grids (of columns and manholes) are the most striking features. When the manhole covers are opened, they cast a pattern of light on the fl oor. The manhole grid itself can be interpreted as a grid of skylights.
Furthermore, there are various extents of deterioration this purification plant has undergone, due to which the grids are presented in a variety of ways:
As a grid of columns with the roof of manholes (structure intact);
As a grid of columns without the roof (columns not strong enough to hold the roof);
As a collapsed structure/ mass of earth (complete state of deterioration).
Though water was the essence, the very reason why this plant was in existence, today this piece of land lies parched and thirsty.
Much was happening on this seemingly calm piece of land. I wanted to bring out its essence, reveal its grids, the unending array of columns, the play of light and shade they caused and most importantly, I wanted to bring water back to where it belonged. This thesis also explores the possibility of building on/with the â oldâ in a strong existing context by introducing a shift/rotation in the grid and with the help of material and texture.<br>Master of Architecture
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Lewis-Bowen, J. "Modelling grid architecture." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445669/.
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This thesis evaluates software engineering methods, especially event modelling of distributed systems architecture, by applying them to specific data-grid projects. Other methods evaluated include requirements' analysis, formal architectural definition and discrete event simulation. A novel technique for matching architectural styles to requirements is introduced. Data-grids are a new class of networked information systems arising from e-science, itself an emergent method for computer-based collaborative research in the physical sciences. The tools used in general grid systems, which federate distributed resources, are reviewed, showing that they do not clearly guide architecture. The data-grid projects, which join heterogeneous data stores specifically, put required qualities at risk. Such risk of failure is mitigated in the EGSO and AstroGrid solar physics data-grid projects' designs by modelling. Design errors are trapped by rapidly encoding and evaluating informal concepts, architecture, component interaction and objects. The success of software engineering modelling techniques depends on the models' accuracy, ability to demonstrate the required properties, and clarity (so project managers and developers can act on findings). The novel formal event modelling language chosen, FSP, meets these criteria at the diverse early lifecycle stages (unlike some techniques trialled). Models permit very early testing, finding hidden complexity, gaps in designed protocols and risks of unreliability. However, simulation is shown to be more suitable for evaluating qualities like scalability, which emerge when there are many component instances. Design patterns (which may be reused in other data-grids to resolve commonly encountered challenges) are exposed in these models. A method for generating useful models rapidly, introducing the strength of iterative lifecycles to sequential projects, also arises. Despite reported resistance to innovation in industry, the software engineering techniques demonstrated may benefit commercial information systems too.
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Roos, Pontus. "A Comparison of Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Control of VSCs." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för elektroteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413872.
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Variable renewable energy sources are today increasingly integrated in the power system as a step towards the renewable society. The large-scale introduction of converter-based energy sources brings challenges in terms of reduced damping to the power system due to the reduced number of synchronous generators. This can be manifested as high rate-of-change-of-frequency and decreased grid stability. To forestall this reduced performance, it is suggested that the grid-following control of today’s converters are restructured to a grid-forming control, enabling the converter to behave closer to a synchronous machine. This thesis compares grid-following and grid-forming control and seeks to further describe this grid-forming behavior by applying a grid-forming control method on an energy storage enhanced STATCOM-system. A continuous time model and a linearized model based on state space representations are constructed in order to investigate the grid-forming behavior but also how the converter stability is affected by a restructure from grid-following to grid-forming control. The results indicate that the investigated grid-forming control method displays a behavior similar to synchronous machines and incorporates the ability to provide frequency response services and so called “synthetic inertia” to the grid. The results also show that the stability of the converter (the ability to provide a bounded output when the system is perturbed) is ensured when the control method is restructured from grid-following to grid-forming and that the investigated grid-forming method is stable also in weak grid situations.
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Dahlbom, Roland. "Off grid eller energiplushus. : Är det möjligt att gå off grid?" Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39322.
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Målet med den här undersökningen har varit att se om fastigheten Orkestern 1 går att koppla off-grid och om det är ekonomiskt försvarbart eller om en on-grid lösning är bättre. Förutsättningarna är goda med ett stort tak med plats för solpaneler i öst-västlig riktning och en årsmedelvind på 4 m/s. Då huset är nybyggt och välisolerat är även energiförbrukning låg. För att kunna beräkna hur mycket energi som ska produceras i form av värme och el med hjälp av solceller, vindkraftverk, pelletskamin och dieselverk upprättas en energibalans och energifördelning med hjälp av transmission och ventilationsberäkningar. Lagring av energi görs i form av pellets, batteri och biodiesel. Simuleringsprogrammet för solceller Polysun används för att beräkna produktion av solel över varje månad på året. Diagram upprättas över året indelat i månader där det framgår hur stort energibehovet är och visar hur stor del varje energiproducent har varje månad. En pay-off kalkyl görs för att se om det är ekonomiskt lönsamt och för att kunna jämföra mellan två olika off-grid system. Pay-off kalkylen används också för att jämföra mellan off-grid och on-grid system. Resultatet landar i att on-grid systemet är ekonomiskt hållbart medan off-grid systemet inte är det men är ändå fullt genomförbart.<br>The main target of this examination has been to see if the real estate Orkestern 1 has the possibility to go off-grid and if it is economical defendable or if on-grid solution is a better way to go. The prerequisites are good with a large roof to place solar panels to the east and west, a yearly average windspeed at 4 m/s and a low energy consumption because the house is new built and well insulated. To calculate how much energy that must be produced in form of heat and electricity with solar cells, windmills, pellet stove and diesel generator an energy balance and an energy distribution will be prepared with help of calculations of transmission and ventilation loses. Storage of energy will be done in form of pellets, battery and biodiesel. The simulation program for solar panels Polysun is used to calculate the produced solar energy for each month on the year. Diagram is prepared for each month to see the need of energy and how much every energy producer is delivering. A straight pay-off calculation is done to see if there are any economic benefits and to compare between off-grid and on-grid systems. The result will be that on-grid system is better economical but still the off-grid system is doable.