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Journal articles on the topic 'Grinding mill'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Wang, Yung Cheng, Chen Hsiang Chen, and Bean Yin Lee. "The Predictive Model of Surface Roughness and Searching System in Database for Cutting Tool Grinding." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.11.

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Due to the rapid development in recent cutting technology, demands for different types of precise cutting tools become increasingly complicated. Since the design and grinding of end-mills are the last and the most important processing for cutting tools. The geometrical accuracy and the cutting performance of an end-mill depend essentially on the grinding. However, the complicated geometry of an end-mill will be ground by the specific software of CAD/CAM on the 5-axis CNC tool grinding machine. The precision of end-mill grinder will be determined by the performance of 5-axis CNC tool grinder and setting of grinding parameters. Three regulation factors for grinding are grit size of the diamond grinding wheel, grinding speed and the feeding speed. The variable ranges of each parameter can be divided in large, medium and small interval. In this study for an end-mill with fixed geometrical profile, a series of different grinding parameters have been utilized by the 33 factorial experiment planning. And tool grinding experiments for the rod material specification of tungsten carbide have been performed by 5-axis CNC tool grinder. After grinding, surface roughness of tools will be measured. The reliability and precision of the end-mill grinding can be enhanced by the prediction model of polynomial network for surface roughness of end-mills. Besides, the database system for cutting tool has benn established. Totally 4802 data were constructed in the relational database according to the characteristics of tools.

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2

Kalyagina, Nadezhda V., Ivan I. Karpukhin, Anna V. Kornilova, and Igor N. Silverstov. "Capacity of roller mill for cement grinding." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 21, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-3-181-188.

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Engineering for the cement industry is part of the heavy industry. The cement industry is the main supplier of raw materials for the production of concrete and reinforced concrete. For grinding cement, two types of mills are used - ball and roller. Recent decades have proven the great effectiveness of a vertical roller mill for grinding raw materials. Its effectiveness, combined with the implementation of drying, grinding and separation in one unit, gives it an undeniable advantage over a ball mill. This explains the significant increase in the share of roller mills in the cement mill market. The grinding process in such mills occurs due to abrasion, respectively, in the process of work wear of the rubbing parts of the mill occurs. The work evaluated the performance of a mill with smooth disk rolls. During the study, the cause of the destruction of the sectors of the mill produced by FLSmidth, operating in the Russian Federation, was identified. The study revealed the causes of the destruction of the details of the roller mill: with the simultaneous impact of the workload and the displacement of the sectors resulting from intensive wear, the total equivalent stresses exceed the value of the endurance limit under cyclic loading. Therefore, the accumulation of fatigue damage to the material, the formation and growth of cracks, which adversely affects the performance of the mill. A number of measures have been proposed to increase the operability of mills of this design.

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3

MIYAJI, Mitsuo. "Grinding by Crossjet mill." RESOURCES PROCESSING 35, no. 4 (1988): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4144/rpsj1986.35.226.

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4

HARRIS, C. C., E. M. SCHNOCK, and N. ARBITER. "Grinding Mill Power Consumption." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 1, no. 3-4 (April 1985): 297–345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827508508952596.

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5

Wołosiewicz-Głąb, Marta, Dariusz Foszcz, Daniel Saramak, Tomasz Gawenda, and Damian Krawczykowski. "Analysis of a grinding efficiency in the electromagnetic mill for variable process and feed parameters." E3S Web of Conferences 18 (2017): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20171801012.

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Article describes issues related to the assessment of raw materials grinding efficiency in an electromagnetic mill. Application of such type of mill in grinding processes can result in measurable benefits of more efficient raw material grinding by reducing time needed to produce a product of a suitable particle size compared to conventional mills. The expected effect of application of a system based on an electromagnetic mill is to achieve a lower energy consumption of grinding process for raw material processing compared to the existing equipment used for the fine grinding. A key element of correct design of comminution circuits in processing of particular feed mineral is to identify the impact of key factors affecting the efficiency of the grinding process. The most important factors determining the efficiency of the grinding process are the time, the construction parameters of the machine, the type of grinding media used in grinding process, as well as the parameters of the feed, among others the crushing resistance or particle size. The paper presents the results of kinetic study of copper ore grinding in electromagnetic mill for variable feed particle size distribution of and different sizes of grinding media.

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6

Lyons, David J., Angus E. McElnea, Niki P. Finch, and Claire Tallis. "Ultra-fine grinding is not essential for acid sulfate soil tests." Soil Research 49, no. 5 (2011): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr10196.

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Australian Standard methods for acid sulfate soils (ASS) require the grinding of soil to <0.075 mm. A ring-mill or similar grinding apparatus is therefore needed. We investigated whether ring-mill grinding is required for accurate and reproducible test results and associated calculations (such as acid–base accounting), or if more conventional fine-grinding (i.e. <0.5 mm) is sufficient to obtain acceptable results. An initial experiment (unreplicated) was conducted on 52 soils comparing ring-mill and fine-grinding treatments, and this information was used to formulate final, more detailed experimental work on five soils from the same dataset. Soils from an ASS survey in coastal central Queensland were chosen to reflect the range of chemical properties found in ASS. Soils were analysed by the Chromium and SPOCAS suite of tests for the two grinding treatments. For those tests that follow a relatively vigorous extraction carried out with heating [such as chromium-reducible S, peroxide-oxidisable S and acid-neutralising capacity by back titration (ANCBT)], results were similar for the two grinding treatments. However, for those tests that follow a relatively mild extraction without heating (such as KCl-extractable S, HCl-extractable S and titratable actual acidity), significantly higher values (P < 0.05) were obtained for ring-mill ground soil. There was no significant difference in calculated net acidity between ring-mill grinding and fine-grinding for soils without excess ANC. For self-neutralising soils, fine-grinding gave significantly lower values of ANC than ring-mill grinding. It is uncertain whether ring-mill grinding gives a true reflection of the ANC available in the natural environment.

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7

Vukmirovic, Djuro, Jovanka Levic, Aleksandar Fistes, Radmilo Colovic, Tea Brlek, Dusica Colovic, and Olivera Djuragic. "Influence of grinding method and grinding intensity of corn on mill energy consumption and pellet quality." Chemical Industry 70, no. 1 (2016): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind141114012v.

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In recent years there is an emerging trend of coarse grinding of cereals in production of poultry feed due to positive influence of coarse particles on poultry digestive system. Influence of grinding method (hammer mill vs. roller mill) and grinding intensity of corn (coarseness of grinding) on mill specific energy consumption and pellet quality was investigated. By decreasing grinding intensity of corn (coarser grinding), specific energy consumption of both hammer mill and roller mill was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). When comparing similar grinding intensities on hammer mill and roller mill (similar geometric mean diameter or similar particle size distribution), specific energy consumption was higher for the hammer mill. Pellet quality decreased with coarser grinding on hammer mill but, however, this effect was not observed for the roller mill. Generally, pellet quality was better when roller mill was used. It can be concluded that significant energy savings could be achieved by coarser grinding of corn before pelleting and by using roller mill instead of hammer mill. From the aspect of pellet quality, if coarser grinding is applied it is better to use roller mill, concerning that more uniform particle size distribution of corn ground on roller mill probably results in more uniform particle size distribution in pellets and this provides better pellet quality.

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8

Noorina, Hidayu Jamil, W. H. Xian, W. M. Arif, Che Pa Faizul, and Mohd Zaki Ruhiyuddin. "Production of Silicon Carbide via Grinding and Heat Treatment Process." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.740.

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This study is to determine the properties and characterization of silicon carbide via grinding and heat treatment process. In this study, the raw materials used were waste glass and graphite powder. Silicon carbide was produced by milling and mixing waste glass and graphite powder in different grinding mills; planetary mill and ring mill. The samples were then heat treated at 700 °C for 1 hour soaking time. Two types of characterization procedures were completed to determine the properties and microstructure of silicon carbide. Formation of silicon carbide was only formed through grinding by planetary mill but not ring mill. This may due to the grinding mechanism of both mills. Due to the simple and low cost of raw material to form silicon carbide, silicon carbide has high potential to be one of the commercialized products. It has the potential in reducing waste and improves the environment quality.

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9

Vucelic, Dusan, Dana Simic, Olgica Kovacevic, Miroslava Dojcinovic, and Milan Mitrovic. "The effects of grinding on the physico-chemical characteristics of white sepiolite from Golesh." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 67, no. 3 (2002): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0203197v.

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The influence of grinding white sepiolites from the Magure-Golesh mine in Southern Serbia on their structure and on the rheological characteristics of their aqueous suspensions was investigated. Sepiolite samples of hard and soft consistency were ground in three different types of mills: a ball mill air-stream mill, and a colloid mill. The effect of grinding on the sepiolite samples was investigated by SEM, XRD, IR, TG and BET methods and by chemical analysis. Grinding generally resulted in the separation of the sepiolite fibers, and partial amorphization. In addition, grinding produced substantial changes in the apparent viscosity and rheological characteristics of dilute aqueous suspensions of sepiolite. It is concluded that the viscosities are especially affected by the type of grinding employed.

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10

Wang, Yung Cheng, Chen Hsiang Chen, and Bean Yin Lee. "The Predictive Model of Surface Integrity in End-Mill Grinding for High-Speed Milling." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1091.

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The grinding precision of end-mill is dependent on the surface roughness of the corresponding rake face and relief face. This precision will be influential in the surface roughness of workpiece and tool life of end-mill in high-speed milling. Firstly, the experiment of high-speed milling for SKD61 tool steel has been performed in the different cutting condition, and the end-mills have the different surface roughness. From the experimental results, it has shown that small relief surface roughness will decrease tool flank wear (increase tool life). The surface integrity of end-mill is very important for high-speed milling, so the different grinding parameters of end-mill have been utilized in the grinding experiment. Finally the surface roughness analysis model of the end-mill relief could be established by a polynomial network. The predictive model of surface roughness can be used to analyze the grinding precision of end-mill.

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11

Assaad, Joseph Jean. "Industrial versus Laboratory Clinker Processing Using Grinding Aids (Scale Effect)." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/938176.

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The evaluation of grinding aid (GA) effect on clinker processing in laboratory grinding mills is relatively simple. Yet, the results obtained cannot be directly transposed to industrial mills, given the fundamentally different operational modes and grinding parameters. This paper seeks to evaluate the scale effect by comparing the results obtained from a closed-circuit tube mill operating at 90 ton/hr to those determined using a 50-liter laboratory mill. Tests results have shown that the decrease in specific energy consumption (Ec) due to glycol or amine-based GA can be evaluated under laboratory conditions. However, such tests underestimate the actual performance that could be achieved in real-scale mills; the Ec reduction due to GA is around twofold higher when grinding is performed in real-scale mill. Compared to industrial tests, the cement particle size distribution curves widened and shifted towards higher diameters when grinding was performed under laboratory conditions, particularly with GA additions. This led to remarkable changes in water demand, setting time, and 1- and 28-day compressive strengths.

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12

Sobczak, Mazur, Zawiślak, Panasiewicz, Żukiewicz-Sobczak, Królczyk, and Lechowski. "Evaluation of Dust Concentration During Grinding Grain in Sustainable Agriculture." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 4572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174572.

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This work analyses the organic dust concentration during a wheat grinding process which was carried out using two types of grinders: A hammer mill and a roller mill. DustTrak II aerosol monitor was used to measure the concentration of the dust PM10 (particles with the size smaller than 10 μm), PM4.0, and PM1.0. An increase of the grain moisture to 14% resulted in the reduction in PM10 when grinding grain using the hammer mill. An inverse relationship was obtained when grain was ground using the roller mill. A smaller amount of the fraction below 0.1 mm was observed for larger diameter of the holes in the screen and smaller size of the working gap in the roller mill. For both mills, the obtained concentration of the PM10 fraction dust exceeded the acceptable level. To protect farmers health, it is necessary to use dust protection equipment or to modify the grinding technology by changing the grain moisture content and/or the grinding parameters.

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13

Yin, Zixin, Yuxing Peng, Zhencai Zhu, Zhangfa Yu, Tongqing Li, Lala Zhao, and Jie Xu. "Experimental study of charge dynamics in a laboratory-scale ball mill." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 19 (October 30, 2017): 3491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217738031.

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To understand and describe the behavior of charge dynamics in mills, a series of dry and wet grinding tests were performed on a laboratory-scale ball mill. The comparisons between experimental results and grinding media trajectory simulations were addressed. Results show that the grinding media trajectory simulations exhibit a good agreement with the experimental results. The shoulder angle was proportional to mill speed and ball filling. The toe angle was inversely proportional to ball filling, but the impact point angle was appeared to invariant to ball filling and inversely proportional to mill speed. By means of motion analysis of the charge, a good grinding efficiency can be obtained when the ball filling ranging from 20% to 40% and the mill speed ranging from 70% to 80%. For dry tests, the orthogonal analysis indicates that the influence order of four factors on power-mass ratio is ball filling, mill speed, powder-grinding media ratio and lifter profile and the influence order of four factors on −0.074 mm yield is mill speed, ball filling, powder-grinding media ratio and lifter profile. The best dry tests are a combination of 70% of critical speed, 20% of ball filling, 0.8 of powder-grinding media ratio and waveform lifter. Correspondingly, the power-mass ratio can increase by 28.27% and the production of −0.074 mm can increase by 50.38%. For wet tests, the variations of −0.074 mm yield on mill speed and moisture content increase up to a maximum and then decrease rapidly. The −0.074 mm yield can reach a maximum at the 80% of mill speed and 50% of moisture content.

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14

Opáth, R. "Technical exploitation parameters of grinding rolls work in flour mill." Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, Special Issue (December 30, 2014): S92—S97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/41/2013-rae.

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The proposed research paper analyses power consumption in grinding rolls of a flour mill. The observed mill has 15 grinding passages. The hourly efficiency of grinding roll on the first passage is 3,006.72 kg/h. The specific power consumption of individual grinding rolls ranges from 4.955 to 24.26 kWh/t. The thesis also contains results of research of grinding effects on grist. The greatest effect on grist was observed on the first grinding passage, where particle size after grinding was only 12% of the original grain size, as determined by sieve analysis. On the second through fifth passage, it was 85 to 96% (or 78 to 85% with shelling) of the original size. It was discovered during scouring that, in some cases, the sieve size of particles after grinding increased from 101 to 104% of the original size. This is due to shear force causing trituration of grist.

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15

Chen, J. F., and Jun Hong Cheng. "Study on Infrared Ray Detecting Temperature and Network Technology for Grinding." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.117.

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The design principle and method of infrared ray automatic detection system for grinding temperature are introduced. The Grinding Temperature Automatic Detector was designed. The system can complete temperature’s correct detection and display in the grinding field of grinding mill. All grinding mills in workshops are connected to center survey room by modern net communication technology. Center survey room can directly display and print temperatures of any grinding mill by computers, and give command to operators to adjust grinding parameters, to trim grinding wheel, to change cool strength, so that high quality and high efficiency grinding machining can be realized in the limited grinding temperature scope. For the detector, temperature detecting scope is 0~1500oC. It is identified that the relative detecting precision is less than 0.5%. The detector is connected with center survey room to form local area network, to transfer the grinding information rapidly and correctly.

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16

Wang, Chao, Ya Dong Gong, Guo Qiang Yin, Xue Long Wen, and Jun Cheng. "Study on Micro Mill-Grinding Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 390 (August 2013): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.586.

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Micro mechanical processing is the effective method for machining micro scale parts. Micro mill-grinding technology is presented based on micro milling and micro grinding processes. The machining principle of micro mill-grinding is studied, and compound tools for micro mill-grinding are fabricated based on spraying technology. Experiments are performed on Al 6061-T6 with the three-dimensional micro machining system. The results show that submicron surface roughness can be obtained by micro mill-grinding. Abrasive grains of mill-grinding tools fabricated by spraying method shed easily. Smaller abrasive particle size improves the surface quality and increases the tool life.

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17

Silva, André Carlos, and José Aurélio Medeiros Luz. "Continuous grinding mill simulation using Austin's model." Exacta 10, no. 3 (December 21, 2012): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/exacta.v10n3.3884.

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Comminution is a frequently-required step in mineral processing and is responsible for almost 90% of all energy consumption in a mineral processing plant. Tumbling mill design has been studied since the middle of the XIX century. There are many comminution models in the literature, with preponderance, however, of Austin’s model (2002) for mineral impact breakage. In this paper, Austin’s model was applied to tubular tumbling mills. Once Austin’s model was proposed for batch processing of narrowly-distributed fraction sizes, an artifice has allowed it to be used in continuous grinding mill processes with widely-distributed fraction sizes. Interesting results were obtained with errors less than 0.005 for mills with sharp residence time distributions.

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18

Yao, Y. X., Jin Guang Du, Jian Guang Li, and H. Zhao. "Surface Quality Analysis in Mill-Grinding of SiCp/Al." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 1060–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.1060.

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Mill-grinding experiments were carried out on SiCp/Al to investigate effects of mill-grinding parameters and grinding wheel parameters on machined surface roughness in this paper. The machined surface topography was also analyzed. Experimental results show that surface roughness increases with increasing feed rate and the depth of the mill-grinding. The effect of mill-grinding speed on surface roughness is low. The machined surface reveals many defects. The fine grit diamond grinding wheel can reduce the surface roughness and decrease the machined surface defect. Compared to the vitrified bonded diamond and electroplated diamond grinding wheels used in the experiment, the resin-based diamond grinding wheel produces a better surface.

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19

Cheng, Jun, Ya Dong Gong, Yue Ming Liu, and Jian Yu Yang. "Experimental Study of Micro Mill-Grinding Process on Al 6061-T6." Advanced Engineering Forum 2-3 (December 2011): 797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.2-3.797.

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This paper presents a novel micro machining process that micro mill-grinding by combining micro-grinding and micro-milling. The principle of micro mill-grinding has been analyzed and a experiment is designed to study the influences in micro mill-grinding process on Al 6061-T6. The manufacturing is carried out on a desktop micro machine developed by NEU. In this research, analysis from results could found that the surface quality influences in micro mill-grinding is complicated affected both by milling and grinding, and conclude aspects such as cutter diameter, feed rate and material properties.

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20

Malkov, O. V., I. A. Pavlyuchenkov, and Al A. Smirnov. "Form-Relieving Method for Thread Mills." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Mechanical Engineering, no. 2 (125) (April 2019): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2019-2-83-101.

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The paper presents a form-relieving method for thread mill teeth by means of a grinding wheel rotated about two axes, which significantly simplifies design process for tool manufacturing, since combining rotation angles makes it possible to use the same standard grinding wheel to profile thread mills of several size classes, accounting for acceptable accuracy class for the thread being processed. The algorithm and software proposed, based on the mathematical technique we developed, allow the user to compute the grinding wheel positioning angles to obtain the desired relief angles for a thread mill. We present an example of computing the grinding wheel rotation angles for a set of input data

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21

Sun, Yi, Xiao Huan Huang, and Xiao Hang Jin. "Numerical Analysis of the Ball Mill Coupled with Vertical Vibration." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.638.

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The motion equation of the grinding cylinder is deduced, which is based on the dynamic analysis of the grinding cylinder of the ball mill coupled with vertical vibration. Numerical model of vertical vibration ball mill is built and used to study the motion of grinding cavity media and grinding efficiency. The simulation results show that the distribution status of the grinding media in each region is changed, the grinding fragmentation of the grinding media to the material is enhanced, and the efficiency of fine grinding is improved with the coupled vertical vibration in a ball mill.

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22

Smejtková, A., P. Vaculík, M. Přikryl, and Z. Pastorek. "Rating of malt grist fineness with respect to the used grinding equipment." Research in Agricultural Engineering 62, No. 3 (August 30, 2016): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/41/2015-rae.

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Grain size distribution of grist is dependent on the type of grinding mill. The most widely used crushers used for malt grinding are roll grinding machines and dispersants are the disc mills. For rating of grist fineness grists made in the two-roller mill KVM 130/150 and dispersant the disk mill Skiold SK 2500 was used. The selected types of barley malt were processed: light malt, Munich malt, caramel malt and colouring malt. Rating of malt grist fineness was made with a help of sieve analysis using a “Pfungstadt sifter”. Conclusions from the measurements are as follows: by using the two-roller mill the coarsest grist is got from caramel malt and the finest malt from the light malt. The dispersant was processing grist at a speed of 1,500 rpm and 2,800 rpm. For each speed, the coarsest grist was obtained from caramel malt and the finest grist was obtained by crushing colouring malt.

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23

Lebedev, Ivan. "Development of a new lining ball mill model for commercial component preservation." E3S Web of Conferences 192 (2020): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019202005.

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At present the main aggregates for fine grinding of gold ores are ball and similar mills, in which in addition to mass ore grinding, deformation and free gold destruction occurs. The article aims to study the process of deformation of free gold extracted during grinding and to develop a ball mill design to preserve the commercial component.

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24

He, Lin, Xian Feng Zhao, Hong Yan Shi, and Jun Wang. "Research and Development of Four Axis Linkage Grinding Simulation System of Ball-Nose End Mill." Key Engineering Materials 443 (June 2010): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.314.

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The four axis linkage grinding simulation system of ball-nose end mill has be developed based on the mathematical model of four axis linkage grinding through establishing ball-nose end mill's parametrical database, constructing ball-nose end mill’s and grinding wheel's solid models in Solidworks, simulating the grinding processes of the rake face and flank face of ball-nose end mill based on Boolean operation, and automatic NC programming of rake face and flank face grinding. The results show the grinding simulation system can be used to manufacture ball end mill.

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25

Yu, Jianfeng, Jiang Zhao, and Li Wang. "Grinding Kinetics of Lotus Leaf Powder in a Stirred Media Mill." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 6 (2019): 1631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13571.

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Abstract. Stirred media mills are invoked as high energy utilization equipment to prepare superfine particles with a narrow particle size distribution. In this study, the effects of the stirrer tip speed and the grinding media diameter on the particle size distribution of lotus leaf powder (LLP) were investigated. The stress intensity and stress number, which were determined by the stirrer tip speed and grinding media diameter, were applied to estimate the wet grinding kinetics of LLP. The stress conditions with the minimum specific energy consumption were a grinding media diameter of 1.4 mm and stirrer tip speed of 8.4 m s-1. Additionally, FT-IR measurements of the samples confirmed that the chemical structures of the active ingredients were not damaged with reduction in particle size, which indicated the mildness of the grinding process.HighlightsA stirred media mill was initially applied for preparing superfine lotus leaf powder.The stress conditions with the minimum specific energy consumption were determined.The active ingredients were not denatured during the grinding process. Keywords: Grinding kinetics, Lotus leaf, Stirred media mill, Stress intensity.

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26

Tuunila, Ritva. "Simulation of attrition bead mill and jet mill grinding." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 33, no. 22 (August 2000): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)37006-4.

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27

WATSON, JOHN L., and SCOTT D. MORRISON. "INDICATIONS OF GRINDING MILL OPERATIONS BY MILL NOISE PARAMETERS." Particulate Science and Technology 3, no. 1-2 (January 1985): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726358508906427.

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28

Gong, Ya Dong, Chao Wang, Jun Cheng, Xue Long Wen, and Guo Qiang Yin. "Influence of Processing Parameters on Surface Roughness in Micro Mill-Grinding Aluminium Alloy 6061." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.495.

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Orthogonal experiments of micro mill-grinding were conducted on aluminium alloy 6061. Electroplated CBN compound tools were used in machining. Surface topography and roughness of the machined workpieces were measured and analyzed. Influence rules of radial cutting depth,feed rate and spindle speed on surface roughness in micro mill-grinding were studied. The results were compared with those in micro milling. It shows that the influence rules of processing parameters on surface roughness in micro mill-grinding are approximately same with those in micro milling. And in the same processing conditions, the surface roughness of micro mill-grinding is better than that of micro milling. The minimum value of surface roughness Ra of micro mill-grinding is 0.609μm in the experiments.

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29

Liu, Yi, and Ji Shun Li. "Finite Element Analysis of High - Pressure Grinding Mill." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.675.

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The stress distribution of the high - pressure grinding roller is an important index of the grinding mill design. A simulation model of high - pressure grinding roller is created by means of finite element method (FEM), utilizing the FEM software ANSYS. At first, the paper calculated the pressure of the high - pressure grinding roller by the grinding materiel mathematical model. Secondly, a physical model is set up material characteristics is defined and the areas are meshed, then the border conditions are established, finally loading and solving are made. The result of the FEM simulation indicated the mathematical model of the grinding materiel is rational.

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30

Liu, Wei Hua, Rui Ying Bai, and Ji Wei Cai. "Study on Particle Characteristics of Cement by Vertical Roller Mill Finish Grinding." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 738–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.738.

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The particle characters and their physical properties of vertical roller mill finish grinding cements were studied in this paper. The difference with roller press-ball mill combined grinding products was also analysis. The results were shown that the particle size of the vertical roller mill finish grinding cements was more evenly distributed at the comparative average size. The proportion of the particles under the 3um and on 60um has fallen off a little; the average circularity and slenderness ratio were nearly same with combined grinding process, but the proportion of high circularity particle is lesser, and the particle shape were slightly inferior with the cement produced by combined grinding process; the physical properties were nearly same with the combined grinding cement except the longer setting time. So the cement produced by vertical roller mill finish grinding process is satisfied for the usability requirements.

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KLYKOV, Yuri, Marina KHUDOYAN, and Georgy KIBIZOV. "DETERMINATION OF THE MECHANISM FOR OPENING QUARTZ PARTICLES WHEN GRINDING QUARTZ-CONTAINING PRODUCTS IN A CENTRIFUGAL MILL." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2020-12-3-454-460.

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Introduction. Currently used grinding machines, among which drum mills are the most widely used, have a low efficiency, are bulky, are characterized by low specific productivity, significant consumption of steel for grinding bodies and lining, high noise level, and high energy consumption of the grinding process. The most promising devices of a new type that can effectively perform grinding operations at high technological rates are centrifugal mills. The centrifugal mill developed at SKGMI operates on the principle of self-grinding of pieces and particles of crushed mineral raw materials, when they collide and RUB in a mobile toroidal flow formed when the material moves between a rotating Cup-shaped rotor, a fixed body and the overlying layers of the crushed material. Grinding occurs due to the appearance of a gradient of particle velocities over the working body, due to their impact and, to a greater extent, abrasion. The tests of these mills for grinding various materials have shown high efficiency in operation, but until now, the issues of determining the physical and mechanical properties of the crushed material based on the establishment of the particle opening mechanism remain unresolved. The purpose of the tests. Determination of the physical and mechanical properties of the crushed material in a centrifugal mill based on the establishment of the particle opening mechanism. Test procedure. To solve this problem, a vertical centrifugal mill MC-600 with a rotor diameter of 600 mm was used. Tests of the centrifugal mill were carried out according to the following method. The speed of rotation of the rotor was 4.8 and 8.4 s-1, the height of the material column above the rotor was at the level of 250 and 350 mm; 6 radial ribs were installed in the rotor cavity of the mill. The time of each test was 4 hours. The tests were repeated 3–5 times for each mode of operation of the mill. Quartz was used as a reference material for determining the relative pulverizability coefficient. The research was carried out in the production conditions of the Izhevsk machinebuilding plant during the regeneration of spent molding quartz mixtures. Pieces of a liquid-glass mixture based on quartz sand with strength of 1.3 MPa and 4.25 MPa were used as the crushed material. The crushed material was dispersed according to the standard method for each hour of operation of the mill. Samples were taken in the size class -0.200 + 0.074 mm for their fractional analysis by size. Test result. 1. It was Found that the maximum productivity of a centrifugal mill when grinding pieces of material with a strength of 1.3 MPa was achieved with a loading weight of 90–100 kg, and with a strength of 4.25 MPa – 100–110 kg, which indicates the need to create an increased normal pressure of the layers of crushed material located above the mill rotor. It was found that the maximum productivity of a centrifugal mill when grinding pieces of material with a strength of 1.3 MPa and a rotor rotation frequency of 8.4 s-1 was 13.16 t/h, and when grinding pieces of material with a strength of 4.25 MPa – 10.0 t/h. 2. The Dependence of power consumption on the weight of the mill load and the rotor speed increases when the load weight is more than 100 kg. 3. The Highest fraction content of class -0.4 +0.16 mm is 72.14 %, and the content of class -0.074 mm is 3.9 %, i.e. there is no re-grinding of the source material. 4. The specific productivity of the centrifugal mill for the newly formed calculated size classes -0.074 mm and -0.200 mm was 1.28 t/h and 13.0 t/h, respectively. 5. Microscopic study of anshlifov showed that quartz grains in the crushed material mostly have a rounded shape, on average 90–95 % of the grains. In the initial material, about 90% of quartz joints with a binder, and in the crushed material, the number of joints does not exceed 3–5%. Thus, the degree of expansion of quartz reaches to 0.87. Conclusions. The paper presents the results of studies of a centrifugal mill in the conditions of the Izhevsk machinebuilding plant when grinding quartz-containing products. The physical and mechanical properties of the crushed material that significantly affect the efficiency of grinding are determined. The mechanism of the disclosure particles of quartz, which is primarily the mineral content of many ores and defined particle size obtained by grinding. At the same time, it was found that a large yield of thin classes significantly reduces the efficiency of further technology.

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Larsson, Simon, Juan Manuel Rodríguez Prieto, Hannu Heiskari, and Pär Jonsén. "A Novel Particle-Based Approach for Modeling a Wet Vertical Stirred Media Mill." Minerals 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010055.

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Modeling of wet stirred media mill processes is challenging since it requires the simultaneous modeling of the complex multiphysics in the interactions between grinding media, the moving internal agitator elements, and the grinding fluid. In the present study, a multiphysics model of an HIG5 pilot vertical stirred media mill with a nominal power of 7.5 kW is developed. The model is based on a particle-based coupled solver approach, where the grinding fluid is modeled with the particle finite element method (PFEM), the grinding media are modeled with the discrete element method (DEM), and the mill structure is modeled with the finite element method (FEM). The interactions between the different constituents are treated by loose (or weak) two-way couplings between the PFEM, DEM, and FEM models. Both water and a mineral slurry are used as grinding fluids, and they are modeled as Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, respectively. In the present work, a novel approach for transferring forces between grinding fluid and grinding media based on the Reynolds number is implemented. This force transfer is realized by specifying the drag coefficient as a function of the Reynolds number. The stirred media mill model is used to predict the mill power consumption, dynamics of both grinding fluid and grinding media, interparticle contacts of the grinding media, and the wear development on the mill structure. The numerical results obtained within the present study show good agreement with experimental measurements.

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Larsson, Simon, Juan Manuel Rodríguez Prieto, Hannu Heiskari, and Pär Jonsén. "A Novel Particle-Based Approach for Modeling a Wet Vertical Stirred Media Mill." Minerals 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010055.

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Modeling of wet stirred media mill processes is challenging since it requires the simultaneous modeling of the complex multiphysics in the interactions between grinding media, the moving internal agitator elements, and the grinding fluid. In the present study, a multiphysics model of an HIG5 pilot vertical stirred media mill with a nominal power of 7.5 kW is developed. The model is based on a particle-based coupled solver approach, where the grinding fluid is modeled with the particle finite element method (PFEM), the grinding media are modeled with the discrete element method (DEM), and the mill structure is modeled with the finite element method (FEM). The interactions between the different constituents are treated by loose (or weak) two-way couplings between the PFEM, DEM, and FEM models. Both water and a mineral slurry are used as grinding fluids, and they are modeled as Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, respectively. In the present work, a novel approach for transferring forces between grinding fluid and grinding media based on the Reynolds number is implemented. This force transfer is realized by specifying the drag coefficient as a function of the Reynolds number. The stirred media mill model is used to predict the mill power consumption, dynamics of both grinding fluid and grinding media, interparticle contacts of the grinding media, and the wear development on the mill structure. The numerical results obtained within the present study show good agreement with experimental measurements.

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34

Bublikov, A. V., P. I. Pilov, N. S. Pryadko, Yu A. Papaika, and K. V. Ternova. "Automatic control of jet grinding on the basis of acoustic monitoring of mill operating zones." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 4 (2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-4/029.

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Purpose. Increasing the jet mill productivity by use of automatic control of the grinding chamber filling level based on the acoustic monitoring results of the jet grinding process. Methodology. Simulation is performed in MATLAB. Acoustic signals of the mill operating zones are used to determine the grinding process parameters. Findings. A simulation model of the automatic jet mill control system is created, which takes into account the inertia of material flows in the grinding chamber and classifier, as well as the main disturbing influences on the process of forming the mill output flow. To analyze the control process, there are three main parts the information component (regulator and technical means of automation), a set of mathematical models that describe the physical processes in the grinding chamber and in the classifier. A study on the automatic control process of the grinding chamber filling is made under the condition of determining the controlled value indirectly through spectral analysis of the acoustic signal in the mill. The insignificant influence of perturbations on the controlled quantity due to very slow filling of the chamber with material in comparison with the period of stream fluctuations at a chamber entrance owing to perturbation action is shown. Originality. For the first time the possibility has been proved of using a relay regulator in control of the grinding chamber filling, determined indirectly through spectral analysis of the acoustic signal in a jet mill. The efficiency of the mill operation at automatic control of the grinding chamber filling according to the relay law is investigated. Practical value. It is shown that with the transition from automated to automatic control of the grinding chamber filling, the mill productivity increases by 1015%. The obtained results are used to build a system of automatic jet mill control.

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He, Xiao Qiao, Jian Min Wang, and Ye Zhao. "Based on Extreme Dynamic Optimization of Mill Load Optimization Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 1279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1279.

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Grinding mill power consumption is one of the largest operations, grinding process of economic indicators for the beneficiation great influence. Grinding system has a complex mechanism, strong coupling, the process, many factors, nonlinear, large delay and time-varying characteristics, so the effect of conventional control methods are not ideal. In this paper, the dynamic optimization using extreme optimization algorithm, to achieve reasonable control of the mill load, the mill operating at optimum load point, thereby improving mill efficiency, improve mill output.

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Li, Hong Cheng, Wei Min Dong, and Xing Ping Xie. "Analysis of Mill Performance of Industrial Scale Ball Mill Using DEM Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 3732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3732.

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The simulation of grinding process of an industrial scale ball mill was carried out using the discrete element method (DEM). Combining the information from DEM simulation and theoretical or empirical models, the related parameter values of mill performance are obtained, which have some reference value to the design, optimization and selection of ball mills.

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37

Austin, L. G. "Mill power for high-pressure grinding rolls in coal grinding." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 14, no. 3 (August 1997): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03402764.

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38

Solona, Olena. "CONTROLLED VIBRATING MILL FOR GRINDING BULK MEDIUM." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 4(99) (December 18, 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2020-4-2.

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One of the advanced types of grinding equipment are vibrating mills, which provide high specific productivity at relatively low energy consumption, adjustable tone of grinding products. Vibration impact on the product significantly increases the shock-absorbing effect with the possibility of wide and separate variation of shock and abrasion factors. Significant speed of mechanical and heat and mass transfer processes, a high degree of homogeneity of the obtained products, the possibility of efficient fine grinding and dispersion of the product at relatively low energy consumption lead to the widespread use of vibratory grinding. The constructive scheme of the mill is developed, in which the flat vertical vibrating field provides lifting of a part of loading and by means of the transport-reloading device carries out its continuous adjustable movement from one grinding chamber to another, thereby circulating-spatial movement of the environment in which there is a grinding process. shock interaction of grinding bodies and material that is crushed. The priority direction of development of science and technologies at the modern level is the development, creation and implementation of new generation mechatronic systems. One of the most important rules for the construction of vibrating mills is the need to maximize the degree of their automation in order to increase productivity, improve the quality of grinding and reduce the cost of the process. Also in the article the structural model of the controlled vibromill with spatial-circulating loading movement which at change of weight of a working body in the course of separation and unloading of the crushed material from a grinding chamber constantly adapt to a resonant mode of work at the set technologically optimum parameters (productivity) and the minimum power consumption.

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KHETAGUROV, Valery, Evgeny KAMENETSKY, Mikhail GEGELASHVILI, and Azamat MARZOEV. "EQUIPMENT MODIFICATION FOR FINE GRINDING OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 292–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-2-292-303.

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Introduction. The huge energy costs of fine and ultrafine grinding operations have led to numerous studies aimed at developing new devices and methods for producing powdered materials. The first way leads to an increase in specific productivity while maintaining energy consumption at approximately the same level. The second way allows not only to increase the specific productivity, but also to reduce the specific energy consumption, since with a decrease in the exposure time, the body is more easily deformed and destroyed. The grinders in which the intensification of the destruction process is carried out in the first way can include planetary and vibrating mills. The second method of intensification is used in jet and various types of centrifugal mills. It is determined that vertical centrifugal mills are the equipment of a new type that can effectively perform grinding operations at high technological indicators and low energy consumption. The purpose of the research. Development of measures for obtaining a finely dispersed product by destroying mineral raw materials in vertical centrifugal mills by mechanical means. Research methodology. The paper uses a comprehensive research method: analysis of the state of grinding equipment according to literary and patent sources; development of mathematical models of the movement of bulk material in the working space of a vertical centrifugal mill based on the Navie-Stokes equations; computer modeling of the movement of the crushed material using the OpenFOAM package for solving hydrodynamic equations; a solver program was created to perform calculations, implementing the SIMPLER algorithm and using the MRF model; laboratory experiments; granulometric method for the analysis of grinding products; fractional analysis of crushed material with a grain size of 0.08 mm using an X-ray analytical centrifuge ВrооkhаvеnBI-ХDС. The development of measures for the effective evacuation of the crushed product from the working space of a centrifugal mill was evaluated by comparative tests of mills using various design solutions. Research results and discussion 1. It is established that vertical centrifugal mills are the devices of a new type capable of effectively performing grinding operations at high technological indicators and low energy consumption. 2. A mathematical model of the movement of bulk material in the working space of a vertical centrifugal mill has been developed based on the Navier-Stokes equations, which allows determining the speed and direction of movement of material layers at any point in the working space, the energy costs for their movement, the influence of the height of the material column on the nature of its movement in the space above the rotor. 3. The directions of increasing the efficiency of grinding mineral raw materials in a vertical centrifugal mill are determined by reducing the number of radial ribs installed in the cavity of the mill rotor; making cutouts in the radial ribs of the rotor, in the area near the rotor hub; installing coaxial rings in the working space of the mill above the rotor. 4. A method of effective evacuation of the crushed product from the mill body by installing additional screening surfaces in the peripheral part of the working space of the mill has been developed. 5. For the first time, the distribution of the granulometric composition of fine and medium - dispersed crushed product obtained as a result of processing lump dolomite in a centrifugal mill was obtained. It was found that particles with a size class of -0.08 + 0.03 mm are absent in the output of the crushed product from the mill. Conclusions. A mass-produced vertical centrifugal mill will find its effective application at enterprises of the Russian Federation for the preparation of powdered materials and will allow to obtain a significant effect by reducing the price of the final product, simplicity of design and maintenance of equipment, as well as small occupied production areas.

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40

Garg, Sanjeev Kumar, and Umesh Chandra Lohani. "Communiting Characteristics of Dried Water Chestnut Kernel." Journal of Food Science and Technology Nepal 6 (June 29, 2013): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v6i0.8267.

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The experiments were conducted to study the grinding characteristics of water chestnut in batch grinding process. Power consumption was measured for grinding time ranged from 120 to 360sec at different speed of mill varied from 800 to 1200rpm for the batch sizes of 100, 150 and 200g. For all the batch sizes, it was observed that as the speed of the mill increased, there was an increase in power consumption and found significantly high for the larger batch size. The relation between power consumption and time of grinding was a straight line with negative slope. For a particular batch size and time of grinding, finer the particles were produced in case of higher mill speed. Taking mill speed and time of grinding constant, less fine particles were produced at higher mass size. Harris model was found best suitable to describe the size distribution in batch grinding process. J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 6 (88-93), 2010 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v6i0.8267

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KANDA, Yositeru, Yasushi ABE, Mitsuhiro ICHIMURA, Yutaka SEYA, and Torajirou HONMA. "Fine Grinding by Wet Ball Mill." Journal of the Mining Institute of Japan 102, no. 1186 (1986): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai1953.102.1186_865.

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HONMA, Torajiro, Masafumi KURIYAMA, and Yoshiteru KANDA. "Ball Mill Grinding Using Centrifugal Force." Journal of the Mining Institute of Japan 102, no. 1179 (1986): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/shigentosozai1953.102.1179_301.

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43

TANIGUCHI, Toichi, Hidemi TANAKA, and Shunsaku HIRAO. "The characteristics of coball-mill grinding." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 22, no. 6 (1985): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.22.376.

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le Roux, J. D., A. Steinboeck, A. Kugi, and I. K. Craig. "Nonlinear observability of grinding mill conditions." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 20 (2016): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.089.

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45

Kurrer, K. E., E. Gock, V. Vogt, and R. Florescu. "Centrifugal tube mill for finest grinding." International Journal of Mineral Processing 74 (December 2004): S75—S83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2004.07.021.

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46

O'Brien, Maureen. "The Maize Grinding Mill at Sinon." Community Development Journal 20, no. 3 (1985): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/20.3.188.

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47

Wang, Yanmin, and Eric Forssberg. "Dispersants in Stirred Ball Mill Grinding." KONA Powder and Particle Journal 13 (1995): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14356/kona.1995011.

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Watson, J. L. "An analysis of mill grinding noise." Powder Technology 41, no. 1 (January 1985): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(85)85078-6.

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Mori, Hiroto, Hiroshi Mio, Junya Kano, and Fumio Saito. "Ball mill simulation in wet grinding using a tumbling mill and its correlation to grinding rate." Powder Technology 143-144 (June 2004): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2004.04.029.

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Luo, Zhong Ping, and Ya Lin Yao. "Research and Development of a New Laboratory Mill." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2895.

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This paper studies a new mill, which is developed particularly for the laboratory scale, with respect to the problems of low efficiency and bad adaptability of mills commonly used in laboratories. The paper briefly introduces the machinery construction, working principle, performance characteristics and grinding test methods. The main shaft of the mill is driven to rotate by the motor drive variable-speed system (speed control system), it could be equipped with cylinders of different volumes, the working speed and grinding intensity are adjustable; running cycle time is automatically controlled and adjustable, which eliminate the adverse effects caused by manual control errors. The results show that this machine could change the dosage scale of test materials in a large range, facilitate the grinding materials tests of different ores and different scales, and greatly improve the test efficiency and equipment’s adaptability.

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