Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Groenlandia'
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Gilg, Olivier. "Fluctuations cycliques du Lemming à collier (Dicrostonyx Groenlandicus, Traill 1823) au Groenland : un modèle paramétrique pour les interactions prédateurs-proie." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2023.
Full textLacour, Adrien. "Les nuages du Groenland observés par CALIPSO." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066460/document.
Full textOver 80% of Greenland is covered by ice. Melting of this ice contributes to the sea level rise. By modulating the radiation reaching the surface, clouds can accelerate or slow down the melting. Through this thesis, we use CALIPSO satellite measurements (GOCCP product) to document clouds over Greenland, including their vertical structure, and understand their role in surface melting.We compare these observations with radar and lidar measurement taken from the Summit ground station in the middle of Greenland. The comparison shows that GOCCP does not include optically thin ice clouds (τ < 0.3). Extending this analysis over all Greenland shows that cloudiness follows different cloud annual cycles in North and South regions, and that Summit is one of the cloudiest regions of the Greenland especially for the liquid cloud cover.To understand the atmospheric conditions favorable to cloud formation, we follow two weather regime classification approaches. We do not find a clear relationship between cloud variability and atmospheric circulation. These results show the complexity of the interactions between clouds and synoptic circulation and highlight the need to accumulate more data over long time periods.Finally, we evaluate cloud representation over Greenland in simulated lidar profiles over output from CMIP5 climate models. We identify several biases that lead to models being unable to simulate surface melting. Models underestimate the surface temperature and the cloud cover. Also when clouds are simulated they are either too opaque or too thin to affect surface melting
Dussault, Frédéric. "Hygiène et considérations hygiéniques des Inughuits du nord-ouest du Groenland : étude archéoentomologique des sites d'lita, Cap Grinnell et Qaqaitsut au Groenland." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28353/28353.pdf.
Full textBonne, Jean-Louis. "Observations continues de la composition atmosphérique au sud Groenland." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS008V/document.
Full textSouth Greenland is a key region placed under Arctic and Northern Atlantic influences, whichis poorly documented in terms of atmospheric monitoring. The aim of my thesis is to conductand use the first regional atmospheric observations of CO2, O2, CH4 and isotopic compositionof water vapour and precipitation performed in Ivittuut, a coastal site in south-west Greenland.Which information can we infer from these atmospheric observations, in terms of localatmospheric processes and large scale atmospheric transport variations? Can we use these observationsto document the surface-air exchanges of these compounds, which represent an importantpart of the water and carbon biogeochemical cycles?After validating the observations regarding international precision recommandations, I havebeen able to analyse the variabilities at different time scales, resulting from different specificprocesses. This highlighted the fact the atmospheric composition of our site is weakly influencedby local processes, either for local greenhouse gases sources or small scale atmosphericvariations affecting water vapour isotopic composition. This facilitates the interpretation of ourobservations in terms of large scale atmospheric transport signals.To better understand the observed variations, I related our data series with other observationsoriginating from different sites, and with outputs from different atmospheric models. Ihave first witnessed the links between variations of atmospheric composition and large synopticscale atmospheric transport changes. Then, I have identified the spatial representativity of ourobservations and contributed to the evaluation of atmospheric models. The case study of astrong heat wave covering Greenland during summer 2012 allowed me to study the transport ofwater vapour within an air mass between different stations. It allowed me to provide the firstexperimental observation of deuterium excess conservation during atmospheric transport.Finally, combining observations and atmospheric simulations, I have documented surfaceairexchanges of the observed compounds: first by the attribution of observed values of CH4and water vapour isotopic composition to their simulated potential origins, secondly by thecomparison of observed variations with the direct simulation of atmospheric transport of eitherCH4 sources estimated from inventories or simulated CO2 and O2 air-sea fluxes from an oceanmodel
Germe, Agathe. "Variabilité de la glace de mer en mer du Groenland : liens avec les forçages atmosphériques et océaniques à l'échelle interannuelle." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066629.
Full textDelmas, Antoine. "Terre des Hommes, pays des glaces : L'expérience touristique au Groenland." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT5014/document.
Full textBy travelling in polar worlds, only ten million of tourists remain on the sidelines of international tourism flows. The tourists' representations are shaped by old myths and a dynamic polar topicality. When they land their built images are facing up the reality. In Greenland, tourists are attracted by the singularity of ice landscapes. Their touristic experiences are making the "cryotropism". In the continuity of this discovery, a lot of visitors are also looking for authenticity in the island. In their minds Greenland would have been preserved from any kind of modernity. By arranging and highlighting the value of spaces, the professionals of tourism activity are rebuilding places in order to satisfy tourist's desire. In this way they are the touristic experience producers. Since the beginning of tourism, the offer has been greatly strengthened, services has been multiplied, and a network of tourism actors has been formed. Nowadays those changes are still significant, they are contributing to the emergence of new offers, services and touristic places. Using different scales of analysis structured from local to global and a plurality of investigation methods, these thesis focuses on spaces composition and re-composition resulting by tourism activity
Hoyau, Valérie. "Recherche de traceurs atmosphériques géochimiques en milieu polaire (Groënland central)." Chambéry, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CHAMS026.
Full textCréquy, Aude. "Identité, tourisme et interculturalité : la rencontre interculturelle et son implication pour les chasseurs inuit d'Ittoqqortoormiit (Nord-Est du Groenland)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG010.
Full textIn a global context where nowadays exchanges are international and intercultural, it is interesting to wonder about the consequences of interculturality from an ethnological perspective. The touristic world is a wonderful indicator of one culture's outlook on another and the changes brought by crossculturality. In this thesis, interculturality is examined in a small town named Ittoqqortoormiit in the north-east coast of Greenland. This small Inuit community faces economic difficulties and tourism seems to be a solution to improve day-to-day life. The research question is then naturally oriented towards the integration of tourism in the Ittoqqortoormiit Inuit culture and towards consequent exchanges between hunters turned into guides and tourists mainly from Europe and North America. The Ittoqqortoormiit Greenlanders see hunting as a way to actively build and maintain their Inuit identity. The practice of hunting is normalized and follows social and cultural values shared by all the population. However in a intercultural context, hunting is viewed from other perspectives and the experience by tourists does not always match the touristic polar imagination that visitors expect to others, and at the same time interculturality and globalization influence the future of the hunting practice as an identity symbol
Mennecier, Philippe. "Le tunumiisut, dialecte inuit (eskimo) du Groenland oriental : description et analyse." Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030107.
Full textThis study is a synchronic description of tunumiisut, an eskimo dialect spoken in the district of ammassalik (eazst coast of greenland). It is the first carried out since w. Thalbitzer's study of 1921 and is founded on a field-corpus collcted between 1985 and 1991 ; it adopts a functional approach. Examples are taken from linguistic questionnaires and also from a spoken text presented using different levels of transcription. The test of frequency, both in lexis and in discourse, is widely used to complement phonological, syllabic analysis, and the studyof phonemic combinations and of work classes. Results are given in histogram form. Phonemes are defined by their distinctive features within a system which combines features of vowel length and of consonant tension. Special attention is given to phonetic realisations in discourse, and to the treatment of loan words. The morphophonological phenomena, which are complex in all eskimo dialects, are analysed in detail. Word classes are defined according to their combinatorial and collocational possibilities rather than according to semantic criteria. The question of verb-noun opposition and the question of verb classes are treated in detail. The classification of the numerous derivational affixes is based on morphosyntactic criteria. The function of so-called "ergative" and "antipassive" utterances is reexamined, as are the relations between the morphosyntactic constraints and the semantic constraints which determine their use
Houssais, Marie-Noëlle. "Modelisation des interactions ocean-glace : application a la mer du groenland." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066173.
Full textBoulanger-Lapointe, Noémie. "Étude de populations de saules arctiques dans le Haut-Arctique canadien et groenlandais." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2011. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2266/1/030277655.pdf.
Full textMassa, Charly. "Variabilité climatique holocène et impacts anthropiques historiques en zone subarctique : étude multiparamètre de la séquence sédimentaire du lac d'Igaliku (Groenland)." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1008/document.
Full textThe medieval Norse colonization of Greenland (986-1450 AD) and the subsequent reestablishment of agriculture in south Greenland, aided by recent climate warming, constitute a conceptual model that is particularly well adapted to understanding the relations between a community and its environment. In this perspective, a multi-parameter sedimentological study was undertaken on the sedimentary sequence of Lake Igaliku (N61°00’22”, W45°26’28”), situated in the heart of the medieval and current agricultural sector. The 4 m long sequence, covering the entire Holocene evolution of the lake (~10 000 years), was studied at high temporal resolution. The analyses included the physico-chemical characterization of the sediments (density, magnetic susceptibility, XRF, X-ray imaging, grain size, carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur content, ICP-AES, δ13C and δ15N isotopic ratios) as well as the biological components of the sediment (pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, diatoms). 28 radiocarbon dates as well as 210Pb and 137Cs measurements created a precise temporal framework with which to reconstruct the postglacial evolution of the lake and its catchment in terms of isostatic constraints, climatic forcing and anthropogenic impacts. The first phase of basin evolution is primarily controlled by isostasy, with the rapid transition from glaciomarine conditions to a freshwater lake as the basin emerged from the fjord 9500 yr BP. Afterwards, the sedimentary sequence records the paleoclimatic evolution of the region. Paleolimnological and terrestrial proxies suggest an early warm phase likely interrupted by a cold, windy, dry period between 8600 yr BP and 8100 yr BP. A second dry, windy period between 5300 yr BP and 4800 yr BP predated the transition to neoglacial cooling, which is characterised at Igaliku by a switch to humid and perhaps cooler conditions after 4800 BP, and which caused a major shift in both aquatic and terrestrial ecology. Approximately 1000 AD, after the arrival of Norse settlers, the lacustrine system became anthropogenically dominated. Land clearing and domestic herbivores introduction in the lake catchment doubled the rate of soil erosion (from 4 mm century-1 to 8 mm century-1 by 1200 AD) and caused a major modification of the organic carbon influx. On the other hand, diatom assemblages demonstrate that the lake ecology was not strongly impacted by medieval agriculture at this site. After 1325 AD, until the end of the Norse tenure in the mid-15th century, terrestrial vegetation showed signs of rebound and soil erosion decreased. This agricultural diminishment, probably in relation to the beginning of the Little Ice Age, is consistent with an important change in subsistence patterns evidenced by archaeology in this region. The reestablishment of agriculture at the beginning of the 20th century marks the reinvigoration of erosional processes that are similar in intensity to that of the Norse settlement. On the other hand, the intensification and modernization of farming practices during the 1980s is responsible for marked soil erosion (21 mm century-1) and a shift in lake ecology (eutrophication) that is unprecedented in the 9500 yr history of the lake. The combined effects of agriculture and climate warming already underway (initiated in the 1920s at Igaliku) will have large environmental consequences for the future of this region
Beck, Gregor Gilpin. "Evaluation of condition indices relating to seasonal changes and diet of harp seals, Phoca groenlandica Erxleben 1777." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59938.
Full textHiseler, George. "Harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) canine dentine incremental annuli as indicators of age and/or season of death." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0005/MQ36135.pdf.
Full textLacoste, Karine. "Distribution of harp seals, Phoca groenlandica, off Newfoundland and Labrador in relation to abiotic and biotic conditions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0002/MQ34197.pdf.
Full textRobin, Eric. "Des Poussières cosmiques dans les cryoconites du Groenland nature, origine et applications /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618111f.
Full textRobin, Eric. "Des poussières cosmiques dans les cryoconites du Groenland : nature, origine et applications." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112280.
Full textGuillemot, Typhaine. "Réponses sédimentaires et moléculaires des remplissages lacustres groenlandais aux changements climatiques holocènes et à l'évolution des pratiques agropastorales." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2034/document.
Full textIn the current context of global change, understanding the interactions between Human/Environment/Climate is necessary to develop adaptive strategies and preserve ecosystems. A retrospective approach is therefore realized in three lacustrine cores to reconstruct the paleo-environmental history during the last five millennia. Lake Igaliku (N61°00’22’’, W45°26’28’’), located at 2km from the medieval episcopal cathedral in the historical farming center, has a sedimentation mainly driven by anthropogenic activities. A complete molecular inventory has been made on this sequence to characterize past agropastoral dynamics and their impacts on south Greenlandic ecosystems. The identified fecal biomarkers revealed two agropastoral phases, during the Norse settlement and recently, separated by the Little Ice Age (LIA) and mainly characterized by sheep breeding. Vegetation molecular biomarkers (n-alkanes, triterpenyl acetates) and palynological data showed a reduction of trees and shrubs cover during these two periods especially. Erosion biomarkers (TTHCs) and sedimentological data identified only one drastic erosion in the 1980s synchronous with the mechanized creation of fodder parcels. Moreover, an eutrophication of the lake waters was recorded with short chain length n-alkanes and mesotrophic diatoms. Lake Qallimiut (N60°43’27’’, W45°23’12’’) and Little Kangerluluup (N60°38’32’’, W45°38’11’’), less impacted by anthropogenic activities, are fed by major streams influenced by hydrological variations. Their sedimentation is therefore mainly driven by climate changes. To improve the temporal and spatial resolution of climate changes during the Holocene, a multi-proxy sedimentological study was made on these two sites. Petrophysical, mineralogical and geochemical analyses have identified flood events especially occurring during cooler and wetter periods such as the Middle to Late Holocene transition (ca. 2500 BC), the Sub-boreal/Sub-atlantic transition (ca. 700 BC) and the LIA (between ca. AD 1300 et ca. AD 1900). These climate pejorations have impacted local human societies. For example, during the LIA, a maximum of flood events and drop of temperatures are recorded, partly responsible of the Norse demise
Lydon, Anniken. "Identification of Saccharina groenlandica (Phaeophyceae) around the Svalbard Archipelago: DNA barcoding using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI)." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1368.
Full textLe, clec'h Sébastien. "Sensibilité et rétroactions de la calotte groenlandaise face à des changements climatiques passé et futur." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV003/document.
Full textThe evolution of the Greenland ice sheet in the future is a major societal issue, given its potential contribution to global sea level rise. The ice sheet is controlled by ice dynamics and climate conditions. Its modelling is a challenge due to the lack of data covering the whole ice sheet and the fine scale of the interaction processes between the ice sheet and the atmosphere. To improve our understanding of the role of the Greenland ice sheet in the climate system, I have first developed an inverse method to obtain appropriate initial conditions for the GRISLI ice sheet model. I then applied this procedure for coupling the MAR regional atmospheric model to GRISLI. I have shown that representing atmosphere – ice sheet interactions at fine scales is essential to avoid underestimating global sea level rise in multi-centennial future projections. Finally, I have used the same models to study the last interglacial (130 – 115 ky BP), which is a warm period during which the sea-level was 6 to 9 m higher than today. My work shows that downscaling large scale model outputs at the regional scale is required to represent climate – ice sheet interactions
Privat, Jacques. "L'arctique scandinave médiéval (Groenland, Canada oriental et alentours) : terre isolée ou pôle d'attraction ?" Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040097.
Full textJanssens, Laurent. "Les propriétés des glaces basales révélatrices des interactions calotte glaciaire-substratum au Groenland." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212393.
Full textLeblanc, Joey. "Analyses paléopathologiques en archéoentomologie génétique : présence de maladies au sein des Thuléens aux sites archéologiques à Cape Grinnell et à Qaquaitsut, Groenland, au XIVe siècle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70373.
Full textThe application of a new research methodology in genetic archaeology of the Arctic region has made it possible to infer for the first time the possible social and cultural consequences resulting from the presence of two bacteria amongst members of the Thule culture in Greenland. The bacteria Rickettsia felis and Campilobacter jejuni, were found in archaeoentomological sample S5 from H20 dwelling at Cape Grinnell, occupied during the 14th century. The initial aim of these paleopathological analyzes was to discern the presence of bacteria or viruses preserved in human blood within the exoskeleton of insects. Fourteen archaeoentomological samples were submitted for analyses, each sample was a single human louse (Pediculus humanus). These were found in four semi-subterranean winter dwellings occupied from 13th to 17th centuries at the sites of Cape Grinnell and Qaqaitsut, in north-western Greenland. The two bacteria were identified following high-throughput sequencing of the genetic data collected. The presence of these two bacteria is linked to the cultural and environmental contexts on site. The discovery of Rickettsia felis is explained through lice, potentially acting as a vector and/or reservoir. The proximity between domesticated dogs and Thule individuals is also a possible cause. The Campilobacter jejuni bacterium is justified by the presence and consumption of birds on the site. In addition, the accidental consumption of avian excrement containing the bacteria, contact with infected dogs, insects, including flies and lice, and the ingestion of contaminated water may also be responsible for the presence of this bacteria amongst the site's occupants. The results obtained in this research, concerning the two bacteria identified, suggests an endogenous origin.
Arseneault, Josée. "L'approvisionnement alimentaire et sa planification dans les communautés nordiques isolées les cas du Groenland." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2004.
Find full textArseneault, Josée. "L'approvisionnement alimentaire et sa planification dans les communautés nordiques isolées les cas du Groenland." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2396.
Full textSilvente, Eric. "Contribution à l'étude de la fonction de transfert air neige en régions polaires." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759871.
Full textDenux, Francis. "Diffusion du signal isotopique dans le névé et dans la glace : Implication pour l'échantillonnage." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10254.
Full textCarrier, Émilie, and Émilie Carrier. "Estimation de la contribution des différents stocks reproducteurs identifiés aux nourriceries chez le Flétan du Groenland (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38167.
Full textL'identification des stocks et la quantification de leur contribution relative au recrutement sont des objectifs majeurs pour améliorer la gestion et la conservation des espèces marines exploitées. Le séquençage de nouvelle génération permet d’analyser des milliers de marqueurs génomiques et d’apporter la résolution nécessaire pour répondre à ces questions chez les espèces marines qui sont faiblement différenciées. Le Flétan du Groenland (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) est un poisson plat largement exploité, particulièrement dans le golfe du St-Laurent, au Canada. On y retrouve 2 nourriceries connues, dont la contribution des juvéniles au renouvellement des différents stocks adultes reste inconnue à ce jour. Les buts de ce projet sont de i) déterminer la structure des populations de flétan du Groenland du Saint-Laurent et ii) d’estimer la contribution des différents stocks reproducteurs identifiés aux différentes nourriceries. Pour ce faire, nous avons échantillonné 100 juvéniles par nourricerie et 50 adultes de sites s’étendant du fjord du Saguenay jusqu’au large de Terre-Neuve, avec quelques sites échantillonnés sur 2 années consécutives pour évaluer la stabilité temporelle de cette contribution. Nos résultats montrent qu’après avoir retiré les marqueurs liés au sexe, la région de l’Estuaire/Golfe du Saint-Laurent forme une population distincte de l’Atlantique près de Terre-Neuve (Fst = 0.00146, p-value = 0.001). Les analyses d’assignation populationnelle montrent que le recrutement dépend largement du stock du Saint-Laurent. Par ailleurs, on retrouve une contribution variable du stock de Terre-Neuve, variant de 1% pour la première année à 33% pour la deuxième, ce qui suggère un transport interannuel de larves variable selon la force des courants profonds. Cette étude sert de modèle pour l’identification des stocks pour les ressources halieutiques, dans un contexte où le milieu marin offre peu de barrières à la dispersion, en plus de démontrer l’importance des marqueurs liés au sexe et des répliques temporelles en génomique des populations.
The identification of stocks and quantifying their relative contribution to recruitment are major objectives toward improving the management and conservation of marine exploited species. Next-generation sequencing allows to analyze thousands of genomic markers which provide the resolution needed to address these questions in marine species with weakly differentiated populations. Greenland Halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) is one the most important exploited demersal species throughout the North Atlantic, and in particular in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. There, two nurseries are known, the St. Lawrence Estuary and the northern Anticosti Island, but their contribution to the renewal of stocks remains unknown. The goals of this study were i) to document the genetic structure and ii) to estimate the contribution of the different identified breeding stocks to nurseries. We sampled 100 juveniles per nursery and 50 adults from seven sites ranging from Saguenay fjord to offshore Newfoundland, with some sites sampled over two consecutive years in order to evaluate the temporal stability of the contribution. Our results show that after removing of sex-linked markers, the Estuary/Gulf of St. Lawrence represent a stock which is genetically distinct from the Atlantic around Newfoundland (Fst = 0.00146, p-value = 0.001). Population assignment showed that recruitment in both nurseries is largely predominantly associated with the St. Lawrence stock. However, we found that the relative contribution of both stocks to the nurseries is temporally variable with 1% contribution of the Newfoundland stock one year but up to 33% for the second year, which may hypothetically be caused by year-to-year variation in larval transport into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. This study serves as a model for the identification of stocks for fisheries resources in a context where few barriers to dispersal occurs, in addition to demonstrating the importance of considering sex-linked markers and temporal replicates in studies of population genomics.
The identification of stocks and quantifying their relative contribution to recruitment are major objectives toward improving the management and conservation of marine exploited species. Next-generation sequencing allows to analyze thousands of genomic markers which provide the resolution needed to address these questions in marine species with weakly differentiated populations. Greenland Halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) is one the most important exploited demersal species throughout the North Atlantic, and in particular in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. There, two nurseries are known, the St. Lawrence Estuary and the northern Anticosti Island, but their contribution to the renewal of stocks remains unknown. The goals of this study were i) to document the genetic structure and ii) to estimate the contribution of the different identified breeding stocks to nurseries. We sampled 100 juveniles per nursery and 50 adults from seven sites ranging from Saguenay fjord to offshore Newfoundland, with some sites sampled over two consecutive years in order to evaluate the temporal stability of the contribution. Our results show that after removing of sex-linked markers, the Estuary/Gulf of St. Lawrence represent a stock which is genetically distinct from the Atlantic around Newfoundland (Fst = 0.00146, p-value = 0.001). Population assignment showed that recruitment in both nurseries is largely predominantly associated with the St. Lawrence stock. However, we found that the relative contribution of both stocks to the nurseries is temporally variable with 1% contribution of the Newfoundland stock one year but up to 33% for the second year, which may hypothetically be caused by year-to-year variation in larval transport into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. This study serves as a model for the identification of stocks for fisheries resources in a context where few barriers to dispersal occurs, in addition to demonstrating the importance of considering sex-linked markers and temporal replicates in studies of population genomics.
Lherminier, Pascale. "Convection profonde en Mer du Groenland: Etude expérimentale des phases de préconditionnement et de mélange." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881646.
Full textGauthier-Ouellet, Marika. "Origine des saumons (Salmo salar) pêchés au Groenland et influence sur la mortalité en mer." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25750/25750.pdf.
Full textIdentifying the origin of catches in a mixed-stock fishery, to consider the demographic status of distinct populations, is a major challenge. Here, we identified the North American origin of 2835 salmon collected at the Greenland fishery for seven years spanning an eleven-year period (1995-2006) at three localities using 13 microsatellites. The study included 52 baseline populations representing nine genetically distinct regional groups. Our ability to identify the origin of salmon at the river level was also tested in two regions. The average level of contribution associated with each genetic region ranged from less than 1% for Maine to nearly 40% for Southern Québec. Temporal variation in regional contributions was observed, indicating a decreasing contribution of Southern Québec (-22.0% from 2002 to 2005) and New-Brunswick (-17.4% from 1995 to 2006) and an increasing contribution of Labrador salmon (+14.9% from 2002 to 2006). There was a strong association between the number of multi-sea-winter salmon regionally produced and the estimated regional contribution to Greenland fishery for 2002 (r = 0.79) and 2004 (r =0.92), which could explain these temporal trends. No difference was found between the three Greenland sampling localities, suggesting a random distribution of the different salmon groups along the coast. Multi-sea-winter mortality rate due to Greenland fishery was highly variable among groups, with Ungava and Southern Québec showing the highest values, ranging from 12.10 to 18.08%, for both years tested. Overall, no regional group was clearly overrepresented in landings compared to their respective productivity. Yet, management precautions should still be taken as the fishery strongly selects large females, which could have evolutionary impacts on populations over the long term, such as a decrease in the proportion of multi-sea-winter salmon compared to grilse.
DRAB, EMMANUELLE. "Saisonnalite, source et alteration de l'aerosol mineral archive dans les neiges recentes de summit (groenland)." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077042.
Full textHuctin, Jean-Michel. "Maltraitance et bientraitance des jeunes au Groenland : de l'éducation traditionnelle inuit (XVIIe-XXe siècles) à l'actuelle maison d'enfants d'Uummannaq." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC080.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is an anthropological study of Inuit child maltreatment and well treatment (bientraitance in French) in families and in residential care, mainly in Greenland. Child neglect and abuse including physical, psychological and sexual violence are sensitive and long-overlooked subjects, and the fight against them has become one of the toughest challenges in today's Greenland, even though child rearing traditions are characterized by a great affection for children. The ethno-historic first part of the thesis reveals the well treating practices of the Inuit traditional education from the 17th to the 20th century, similar in Alaska, Canada and Greenland. The second part, also ethno-historic and circumpolar, shows that ancient communities were aware of maltreatment. It was sporadic and mainly due to the demands of Arctic survival. The third part offers an "anthropological epidemiology" explaining the current forms of maltreatment in Greenland that have become endemic despite improved living conditions and treatment. The fourth part presents a decade-long ethnographic case-study of a Greenlandic residential care renowned for well treatment : the Children's Home of Uummannaq (northwest). The home's therapeutic and educational activities (based on local or cross-cultural resources) foster self-esteem and resilience of youth placed out of home, by involving a supportive family and community environment with multiple socializing experiences developing their personality, their cultural identity and preparing their future. The study of adult former residents reveals gratitude to the home and the importance of maintaining contact to help them become autonomous
Perrot, Michel. "Les Moyens de communication publique chez les Inuit : étude anthropologique du développement de la radio et de la télévision au groenland, au Canada et en Alaska." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30002.
Full textThe inuit today have three distinct systems as far as media for public communication are concerned. In greenland, it is a state monopoly. In alaska, three types of organisations work side : commercial stations, the public network and religious stations. In canada finally beside the national network one finds a private distribution network. In spite of a constant increase of programs made by the inuit themselves the supply of broadcasts from the south is by far the most important. The development of radio and television in the arctic has objective bases an increase of population, a more sedentary population, geographic concentration, strategic or economic interests - but also it has a symbolic base - political evolution, the weight of the inuit community among the artic natives as a whole, the pan-inuit movement. The present strutures are clearly influenced by colonization, but they are not just a reflection of it and to reduce the evolution of the arctic to an opposition between inuit and the whites is an ideological analysis : each of these groups undergo conflicts. The real effects of radio and television are few, notably the effects on the inuit language, on social togetherness, on violence. . . These are far from being clearly proved. The only field were media influence can be clearly stated is in the media themselves : each new technology creates changes in the role of the previous technology. The taking into account of individual actions at behaviour and audience study level reveals both characteristics that belong to the inuit - (high consumption, opposition between young and old, slight differences between men and women) - and universal features - (preferences for actions programs. . . ). But mainly such an analysis shows first that radio and television are the tools of rites aimed at keeping social cohesion, and are the occasion for a specific perception and partially work with reference to traditional mythic thought
Haan, Denis. "Teneurs en monoxyde de carbone de l'air contenu dans la glace de l'Antarctique et du Groenland." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00754243.
Full textSavarino, Joël. "Chimie de la carotte EUROCORE (Groenland Central) : variabilité des émissions biologiques au cours du dernier millénaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10050.
Full textGallant, Jeffrey. "Influence des conditions environnementales sur les mouvements à faible profondeur du requin du Groenland (somniosus microcephalus)." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6167/1/030426266.pdf.
Full textDegeorges, Damien. "Le rôle du Groënland dans les enjeux de l'Arctique." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05D014.
Full textThe strengthened interest for the Arctic region, due to the consequences of climate change, coincides with the emergence of Greenland on the Arctic and international scenes. At the intersection of American and European interests in the region, Greenland, a self-ruled territory four times the size of France and inhabited by about 57,000 persons, forms part of a specific debate which is of an evolutionary nature and goes beyond the regional context. Stronger autonomy within the Kingdom of Denmark is bringing Greenland closer to possible independence, generating growing interest amongst the international community. Greenland, due to its huge icecap, its natural resources, particularly an enormous potential in Rare Earth Elements, and a location at the centre of the Arctic, new frontier of international relations, assumes a strategic dimension. The territory appears as a key issue for developments in the Arctic region and for global challenges such as adaptation to climate change and energy security in the context of an economy expected to become lowcarbon. Greenland’s state-building, between the desire for independence soon and a pragmatic approach, appears as a central issue to define the role of Greenland in the Arctic. Particularly given the territory’s strategic resources, Greenland’s state-building process may become a major security issue if it goes too fast. In case of economic difficulties, assistance to a Greenlandic state from a state willing to position or strengthen its presence in the region may have consequences for developments in the Arctic and global energy security
Faïn, Xavier. "Soixante annees d’evolution des concentrations atmospheriques en mercure elementaire gazeux reconstruites grâce aux archives glaciaires du Groenland." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10227.
Full textMercury, a toxic metal emitted to the environment via both natural and anthropogenic sources, is found generally in the elementary gaseous form (Hg°) in the atmosphere. The natural cycle of this pollutant has been perturbed by humans for some time, however the importance of these alterations remains as yet poorly characterised. The air from polar firn constitutes a historical record of the atmosphere’s composition which has, until now, never been used to study the mercury cycle. In 2005 and 2006 at Summit, Central Greenland, we observed reactive mercury chemistry in the first three metres of the snowpack, which translated to daily and seasonal variations in Hg° concentrations in the interstitial air of the snow. However, we determined that these processes do not affect the atmospheric records in deep firn. We measured Hg° concentrations in the interstitial air of the firn at Summit at depths between 15 and 79,5 metres and were able to establish a transfer function. This function was then used to reconstruct past atmospheric Hg° concentrations in mid to high northern latitudes from 1950 to the present. The reconstructed signal illustrates a maximum of ~3 ng. M-3 in ~1970 and reproduces the stability in atmospheric mercury concentrations observed since 1995. Our model also highlights the strong influence of human activities on atmospheric mercury concentrations. The atmosphere, a highly active chemical sink for atmospheric mercury, allows for a rapid transfer of this pollutant to other oceanic and continental reservoirs where it can be deposited in divalent forms which become available for methylation and subsequently, the contamination of ecosystems
LANDAIS, AMAELLE. "VARIABILITÉ CLIMATIQUE RAPIDE EN ATLANTIQUE NORD : L'APPORT DES ISOTOPES DE L'AIR PIÉGÉ DANS LA GLACE DU GROENLAND." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007403.
Full textBasile, Suzy. "Le tourisme dans un contexte de prise en charge, deux cas autochtones : Manawan, Canada, et Ilulissat, Groenland." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38004.pdf.
Full textLandais, Amaëlle. "Variabilité climatique rapide en atlantique nord : l'apport des isotopes de l'air piégé dans la glace du Groenland." Paris 6, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007403.
Full textCallot, Jean-Paul. "Origine, structure et développement des marges volcaniques : l' exemple du Groenland : interactions manteau-lithosphère en contexte de panache." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066511.
Full textRousset, Clément. "Modélisation des échanges entre un gyre convectif et un courant de bord : application à la mer du Groenland." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066658.
Full textAbdelmalak, Mohamed Mansour. "Transition spatio-temporelle entre rift sédimentaire et marge passive volcanique : l’exemple de la baie de Baffin, Centre Ouest Groenland." Le Mans, 2010. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2010/2010LEMA1030.pdf.
Full textLithosphere extension and consecutive breakup above a melting mantle lead to the formation of volcanic passive margins. All volcanic margins developed in continental areas subjected to long-term extension, leading to the formation of sedimentary basins. While these volcanic margins are usually offshore and are studied only by geophysical methods, the Greenland coasts offer an onshore proximal part of volcanic margins. The objective of this work is to the study of the spatio-temporal transition between a sedimentary basin to a volcanic-type passive margin. It considers the case of the geological example of the SE Baffin Bay area (the central west Greenland margin), especially its structural and thermal evolution. The study area is characterised by a rifted sedimentary basin which evolves to a volcanic margin associated with the Eocene lithosphere breakup between the Greenland plate and North America. All the structures can be observed in an outcropping area of about 200x 300 km: the rift border faults along the basement, the tectonized sedimentary pile, the overlapping and sealing of the sedimentary basin by Palaeocene volcanic traps and the Eocene inner SDR whose development is coeval with the lithosphere breakup. The development of the Cretaceous/Lower Paleocene sedimentary basin is characterized by two successive rifting episodes separated by a thermal subsidence period. The first rifting episode was initiated in the lower Cretaceous following ~N020E extension. This episode is poorly constrained and seems to be controlled by the inheritage structure of the Greenland Precambrian basement. The second rifting episode of Late Cretaceous presents an E-W to N060 extensional trend. This episode predates the extrusion of Paleocene hyalloclastites in a residual lacustrine basin. The transition from a sedimentary rifting 'stage' to a volcanic margin stage is characterized by the concentration of deformation to the west (i. E. Towards the oceanic crust). This syn-magmatic rifting episode is characterized by the oceanward flexure of the thick piles of Paleogene basalts and the onset formation of Seaward dipping reflectors (SDR) which establish the 3D structure. The development of the SDR is accommodated by arrays of continentward dipping detachment faults localized in the continent-ocean transition area. The syn-magmatic extensional trend is generally orthogonal to the margin flexure. This stage is followed by a more homogenous N-S syn-magmatic extension, which presents an Eocene (C24) age. This extension is the result of the probable earliest stage of oceanization in the Baffin Bay and then a global plate reorganisation in the North Atlantic area. A combined study of RockEval, vitrinite reflectance and magnetic mineralogy is performed from claystones samples collected in the area to assess the thermal evolution of sedimentary basin before and during magmatism. The RockEval and vitrinite reflectance indicated a predominance of type III organic matter and showed an oceanward increasing maturity, as a consequence of the increasing burial depth. The study of the isothermal remnant magnetization (IRM) at high and low temperatures and the study of magnetic susceptibility of claystones showed the existence of special magnetic assemblages with increasing burial. This indicator was used to constrain the thermal evolution combined to data from Rock-Eval and vitrinite reflectance. The results show that the sediments are immature to early mature, implying a moderate impact of local magmatic intrusions in the maturation of organic matter. A thermo-structural model of the west Greenland margin is also presented and completed by the structural study of the analogue Vøring margin
Contoux, Camille. "Modélisation de la variabilité climatique dans les hautes et les basses latitudes au Pliocène supérieur : du Groenland au Tchad." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0050.
Full textThe late Pliocene (3. 3 to 3 Ma) is a target period for understanding climate change mechanisms, because climate at that time is warmer than today with close to present day values of CO2. First we implement Pliocene boundary conditions in the IPSL climate model in order to simulate this period’s climate in the frame of the Pliocene model intercomparison project. The interest of the Pliocene for the study of future climates is discussed. Moreover, this period is crucial for hominids evolution, while in the meantime an ice sheet begins to grow on Greenland. Using the IPSL model as a major tool, we show that the ice sheet can only grow on southern Greenland even when combining optimal insolation and low CO2 values during the Pliocene. This leads us to propose a scenario of ice sheet inception over the long term, combining orbital and CO2 variations to the progressive lowering of the last one. Orbital variability also impacts low latitudes: we demonstrate that precession variations rhythm the lake Chad level, which regularly forms a megalake for several consecutive thousand years, offering a possible habitat for hominids. Finally we study the impact of orbital variations on hominid ecological niche
Pupier, Elsa. "Approche expérimentale de la cristallisation dans les chambres magmatiques et étude d'intrusions litées (massif gabbroïque du Skaergaard, Groenland et pluton granitique de Dolbel, Niger)." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10005.
Full textCrystallization of magmatic liquids in plutonic environments is considered from an experimental point of view, through the study of Crystal Size Distribution (CSD), and from the petrological study of two layered intrusions: a mafic complex (Skaergaard, Greenland) and a granitic pluton (Dolbel, Niger). The evolution of plagioclase textures during controlled cooling of a basaltic liquid shows that the CSD cannot be simply used to reconstitute the thermal history. Textural and chemical studies of minerals from layered rocks (plagioclases of the Lower Zone of Skaergaard, amphibole and feldspars of the Dolbel pluton) show the importance of interaction between petrological and mechanical process. In the Skaergaard, convection, magmatic sedimentation and crystallization are inferred to be the dominant factors. In the Dolbel pluton, the successive stages of crystallization result from the interaction between fractional crystallization and deformation
Malaizé, Bruno. "Analyse isotopique de l'oxygene de l'air piege dans les glaces de l'antarctique et du groenland : comparaison inter-hemispherique et effet dole." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066702.
Full textHong, Sungmin. "Les métaux lourds dans la glace du Groenland datant de l'époque gréco-romaine et du dernier cycle climatique : contribution anthropique et naturelle." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762345.
Full textMorin, Bernard. "Description et distribution de la communauté de poissons à Wemindji, Baie de James, et écologie de la morue du Groenland (Gadus ogac)." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60425.
Full textGreenland cod were studied in the same period. During the summer, they principally occupied shallow coastal waters, characterized by a belt of eelgrass (Zostera marina). In winter, more cod were found in the estuary. This movement corresponds to sexual maturity; spawning occurs in April to June. Greenland cod life history variables differ from those of most arctic benthic fishes: they show rapid growth, high fecundity, low age at first maturity and high mortality.
Simard, Alice-Anne. "Parasitisme chez le caribou migrateur : une étude quasi-circumpolaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26248.
Full textComparative studies across time and geographical regions are useful to improve our understanding of the health of wildlife populations. Our goal was to study parasitism in migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus) of North America and Greenland. A total of 1507 caribou were sampled across twelve herds to assess seven of their main macroparasites. Intensity of Hypoderma tarandi increased with age for males while the opposite was observed in females. Prevalence of Fascioloides magna, Taenia hydatigena, and Cephenemyia trompe was higher in adults than in calves. Prevalence and intensity of F. magna and prevalence of T. hydatigena were higher at high caribou herd sizes than at low herd sizes. Our research provides the first comparative survey of these helminth and arthropod parasites of caribou across a broad spatial-temporal range.