Academic literature on the topic 'Gross agricultural value'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gross agricultural value"
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Zsarnóczai, J. Sándor, and Zoltán Zéman. "Output value and productivity of agricultural industry in Central-East Europe." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 4 (April 24, 2019): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/128/2018-agricecon.
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The study analyses the correlations among different economies of selected EU-12 member states based on comparison of agricultural economics variances, namely the output value of the agricultural industry, productivity of input, agricultural gross value added, subsidies on production, agricultural labour input and agricultural income per annual working unit in the period of 2010–2016, based on the Special Program for Social Sciences, as statistical methods. The EU-12 achieved a higher increase in productivity of input, output value of agricultural industry, agricultural gross valued added, as well as agricultural income per agricultural annual working unit compared to the average results of EU-28 for 2010–2016. The output value of agricultural industry and agricultural gross value added per intermediate consumption decreased by 1.35% and by 3.3%, but the factor income – net value added at factor cost – per annual working unit increased by 21%, because of the subsidies on production increased by 3.4% for 2010–2016. In EU-28, the factor income per annual working unit increased, but most of this income was for developing agricultural production technology.
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Varchenko, O. O. "The current state and trends in the formation of intersectoral relations in the agri-food complex of Ukraine." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(159) (November 24, 2020): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2020-159-2-41-54.
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The article considers the peculiarities of the formation of intersectoral relations in the agro-food complex of the country, taking into account their impact on the creation of value added by type of economic activity. The need to ensure the principle of equivalent intersectoral exchange and components that contribute to the increase of value added has been proved. It is established that during 2010-2018 the value of gross agricultural output in the prices of the reporting year increased 4.6 times, but in comparative prices in 2016 there was an increase of only 1.41 times, which is evidence of the impact of inflation. It is determined that the share of the processing industry in 2010-2018 in the structure of gross domestic product decreased by 5.8%, which is an unfavorable factor in terms of opportunities for value added. There was an increase in the share of agri-food exports in the structure of total exports compared to 2018 by 5 percentage points, the largest increase in supplies of crop products, which occurred due to the imbalance of relations between producers and processors of agricultural products. It is estimated that during 2010-2018 in agricultural enterprises gross value added increased 6 times, in households - 3.4 times. It is substantiated that there is an increase in the volume of unearned gross value added of business entities in the field of agriculture during the study period from the violation of the equivalence of intersectoral relations, which exacerbates the crisis in the industry. It is established that in basic prices the volumes of production of gross value added of the food industry increased for the period of 2000-2018 almost in 1,7 times, and with use of a deflator only by 50%. The growth of the share of GVA in trade in the overall structure of gross value added is proved, which indicates the strengthening of its role in the formation of value added of agri-food. The calculation of the change in the value of airborne forces using the deflator proves a slight increase, which suggests the effect of inflation on the value of the indicator. It is generalized that unfavorable conditions for the formation of gross value added due to inequality of exchange with the food industry and trade have been created for agriculture, which requires the introduction of the process of regulating the formation of gross value added of the agricultural sector. Keywords: intersectoral relations, agri-food chain, value added, agriculture, food industry, trade.
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Perwitasari, Hani, Irham Irham, and Jamhari Jamhari. "Analisis Input Output Sektor Pertanian di Indonesia." Agro Ekonomi 24, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jae.28112.
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The purpose of this research are (1) to identify changes in the structure of Indonesia’s economi, (2) to identifty backward linkage and forward linkage between agriculture sector eith other sctors in economic structure of Indonesia, (3) to know the multiplier effect of output, income, employment and grows value added of agriculture sector. The research analyzed Input-Output data, the domestic transaction based on producer price, that in classified 66 sectors published by the Cnetral Statistics Agency (BPS) uidng Input-Output Analysis.These result indicate that ini 1975 until 2008 the structure of Indonesia’s economy has changed towards industrialization. Backward linkage and forward linkage between the agriculture sectora are under the average backward linkage and the forward linkage of economy all sector in Indonesia. Multiplier effect to output, income, employment in the agricultural sector are the average of output multiplier effect income, employment sectors of the economy throughout Indonesia but the gross value added in above-average gross value added multiplier effects throught the economy of Indonesia.
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János, Jóvér, Antal Károly, Zsembeli József, Blaskó Lajos, and Tamás János. "Assessment of gross calorific value of crop and bio-energy residues." Research in Agricultural Engineering 64, No. 3 (October 1, 2018): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/13/2017-rae.
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This study assessed the gross calorific values (GCV) of crop and bio-energy residues. In addition, it assessed the calorific values of sweet sorghum to clarify its potential as energy crop in the region. Furthermore, it statistically analysed the ash remaining after burning three bio-energy residues, bagasse, oil cakes and fermented sludge of biogas production, to identify their potential for agricultural use. Finally, the study calculated alkali content based on nutrient content and GCVs. Significant differences were found among the GCVs of the investigated materials. Among the crop residues, the least significant difference (LSD) (P ≤ 0.05) of the calorimetric values was 76.26 kJ/kg, and among the by-products of bio-energy production, it was 20.80 kJ/kg. Significant differences were also found in nutrient content. In the case of the alkali content of bio-energy residues, the LSD was 0.04 kJ·kg<sup>–1</sup>. For the bagasse and compost, the study recommends some technical operations to avoid slagging.
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Romantseva, Julia Nikolaevna, Elena Viktorovna Khudyakova, Vasilij Vladimirovich Butyrin, and Dinara Farhatovna Galyautdinova. "Analysis of income of agricultural producers during the implementation of state programs for the development of agriculture." Buhuchet v sel'skom hozjajstve (Accounting in Agriculture), no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-11-2102-06.
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The aim of the research is to study the dynamics of the size, structure and features of the formation of incomes of agricultural producers during the implementation of state programs for the development of agriculture. Based on the analysis of the main periods of income generation, from 2006, it was concluded that economic sanctions contributed to the strengthening of the industry’s position and the stable growth of gross value added for economic activity “Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming”. As a result of studying the formation of gross value added, a significant decrease in the efficiency of material costs in the agricultural sector was noted due to the persisting price disparity. The analysis of the composition and structure of gross value added made it possible to identify positive trends in wages and confirm the process of enlarging production in the agricultural sector. A study of the main commodity producers — agricultural organizations and peasant (farmer) households — showed that with a greater level of state support for the large-scale sector, the profitability of farmers is higher. In general, the development of the industry has a high rate, which gives rise to favorable forecasts for the achievement of key indicators of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food.
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Kusz, Dariusz. "LABOR EFFICIENCY AND CHANGES IN SELECTED RELATIONS OF PRODUCTION FACTORS IN AGRICULTURE IN POLAND." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7872.
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The purpose of the work was the evaluation of changes in the effectiveness of the use of labor in agriculture against a background of changes in the relation of production factors. The analysis is presented on a regional basis. The empirical material consisted of CSO statistical data from 2000-2016. The following diagnostic variables were used for analysis: (1) the value of gross agricultural output per one employed in agriculture, (2) technical work equipment – the gross value of fixed assets in agriculture per one employed in agriculture, (3) the number of people working in agriculture per 100 hectares of agricultural land (AL), (4) technical equipment of agricultural land – the gross value of fixed assets in agriculture per 1 hectare of AL. Based on a set of diagnostic features describing individual voivodships in Poland, their classification was performed using the cluster analysis of the Ward method. A decrease in the technical equipment of labor was recorded, and an increase in the technical equipment of agricultural land and the number of people working in agriculture per 100 hectares of AL. At the same time, these changes varied in individual groups of voivodships. Analysis of regional differentiation demonstrates that, in voivodships with much more favorable relations of production, labour efficiency was higher. In addition, in these voivodships, the average annual rate of changes in labor efficiency was also at a higher level. This may result in a growing disparity in the level of farming efficiency.
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Luo, Fang, Hong Li Bao, Zhen Tang Ke, and Qing Wang. "Identification Studying on the Low-Carbon Agriculture Development Status Quo of Huanggang City, Hubei Province." Advanced Materials Research 869-870 (December 2013): 950–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.869-870.950.
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To realize the goal of reducing carbon emission per unit of GDP by 40-45 percent by 2020 from 2005 levels in China, as a big agriculture city in a big agriculture province, Hubei Province, Huanggang city developing low-carbon agriculture is extremely urgent. According to the data in 1995-2011, the gross agricultural output value is regressed on “high-carbon” and “low-carbon” variables, and then based on the variables’ significance, low-carbon agriculture development status quo of Huanggang city is discriminating. It turned out that all variables have significant effects on the gross agricultural output value, and combining with calculated contributing ratio of each factor, the conclusion of agriculture of Huanggang city running on a high-carbon path is drawn. Hence, the policy proposals of returning agriculture development mode of low-carbon and sustainable is put forward lastly.
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Kusz, Dariusz, Stanisław Zając, and Ryszard Dziekan. "REGIONAL DIVERSIFICATION OF INVESTMENT OUTLAYS AND LABOUR PROFITABILITY IN AGRICULTURE IN POLAND." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5686.
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The main purpose of the study was to assess changes in labour profitability against changes in the level of investment outlays in Poland in a regional approach. Empirical material consists of statistical data from the Central Statistical Office for the years 2000-2017. The following diagnostic variables were used for the analysis: (1) characterizing the profitability of the labour factor – gross value added in agriculture per one agricultural employee; (2) characterizing the investment activity of farmers – the value of investment outlays in agriculture per one employee in agriculture, the value of investment outlays in agriculture per 1 ha of agricultural land, the value of investment outlays in agriculture in relation to the value of gross fixed assets in agriculture, the value of investment outlays in agriculture in relation to gross value added in agriculture. On the basis of a set of diagnostic features describing the investment activity of farmers, a classification of voivodships was carried out using cluster analysis using Ward’s method, and a statistical evaluation of the relationship between the investment activity of farmers and the profitability of labour was performed. There has been a significant diversification of farmers’ investment activity and labour profitability in terms of regions. It was found that the level of investment outlays is a crucial factor in the process of improving the efficiency of the use of the labour factor. A level of investments that is loo low does not allow for favourable structural changes and for modernization and restructuring of agriculture to take place.
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Matsybora, Tetiana. "Investment potential of the agrarian sector of economy of Ukraine: formation and development." Ekonomika APK 308, no. 6 (June 28, 2020): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202006049.
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The purpose of the article is to assess the investment potential of the national agricultural sector of the economy and the potential of its development (potential volumes of gross value added, taking into account the real level of investment efficiency) in the conditions of revitalization of investment activity of agricultural enterprises through expansion of their credit and investment potential. Research methods. Methods: dialectical method of scientific cognition, analysis and synthesis, systemic generalization (generalization of definition approaches to the definition of the investment potential of agricultural enterprises and the formation of conclusions), methods of abstraction, comparison and imaginary experiment (in assessing the investment potential of capital investments and potential gross value added in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, taking into account the actual level of investment efficiency). Research results. The approaches to determining the essence of the category «investment potential» are substantiated and the investment potential of the national agricultural sector of the economy is assessed. The potential volumes of gross value added of products in agriculture, forestry and fisheries into account the actual level of investment efficiency in the conditions of credit and investment potential expansion are calculated. Scientific novelty. Based on the generalization of approaches to determining the investment potential of agricultural enterprises, the principles of formation and development of investment potential of the agricultural sector of the economy by expanding the credit component are substantiated. Practical significance. Conclusions, suggestions and practical recommendations can be used in the formation of investment programs and projects in agriculture and the development of state programs for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 5. Refs.: 14.
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Arotaa, Aditya Novandy, Benu L. S. Olfie, and Theodora M. Katiandagho. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA LUAS LAHAN PERTANIAN DENGAN PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI KOTA TOMOHON." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 12, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.12.1.2016.11185.
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Tomohon development as an autonomous region led to the need for non-agricultural land is increasing from time to time. This condition causes the competition has taken place in land use. Feared an increased need for non-agricultural land will lead to land conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural. The transfer of land use will have an impact on agricultural production that will affect the agricultural sector GDP. This study aims to determine the relationship between the area of agricultural land with a regional gross domestic product of agriculture in Tomohon. This study was conducted over four months starting in February 2015 to May 2015 in Tomohon. The data are used, in this study, is a secondary data obtained from the Office of National Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Department of Agriculture in To-mohon. Data presented tabularize and and analyzed using correlation analysis. The results showed that, in the last three years, agricultural land area in Tomohon shrinkage due to the need for non-agricultural land, especially residential construction increased. It is given Tomohon is a city that is building. Reduction of agricultural land in 2012 amounted to 1.77 percent by the year 2014 decreased by 0, 01 percent. Instead rate of growth of gross regional domestic product of the year 2012 increased by 6.54 percent to 6.92 percent in 2014. The study concluded that the impact of agricultural land being against the gross regional domestic product, caused by another factor, namely the constant price factors that influence regional gross do-mestic product of Tomohon. Thereforet, when the land area or size increased in 2005-2011 and decreased in the year 2012 - 2014 however regional gross domestic product still increased. The relationship between land area with a regional gross domestic product is being categorized correlated with the value of the correlation is 0.62.*er*
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gross agricultural value"
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Batista, Inajara Martins. "AS DESIGUALDADES ECONÔMICAS REGIONAIS E O SETOR AGROPECUÁRIO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8860.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorFrom the viewpoint of economic development, the state of Rio Grande do Sul presents a particularly special kind of peculiarity, when taking into account the state divided into two regions: North and South. The Southern half, which used to have the state s economical power, began a process of economical stagnation in the midst of the XX century, which persists until today. The Northern half, which used have the least economical power, is now considered the state s most economically developed region. This process has had continuity due to the economical concentration that can be observed in a certain region of the Northern half, referred to by Alonso et al. (1994) as the Northeastern region. Thus, this work considers the state of Rio Grande do Sul divided into three regions: Northeastern, Northern and Southern regions. Many factors have contributed to this economical condition, but it is prominently due to the processes of occupation, urbanization and industrialization. The importance of the agricultural sector in the state of Rio Grande do Sul is known; it is also known that these regional disparities, as they become increasingly accentuated, have a direct effect on the activities performed by this sector. The North-eastern Region, which s size corresponds to only 8.98% of the total area of the state, represents 53.44% of the state Gross National Product (GNP) and 15.53% of the Gross Agricultural Value (GAV). However, in economic values per area, the region contributes more than the Southern and Northern regions which correspond to approximately 87% of the state area contribute to 84.47% to the state s GAV. The Northern Region perceivably presents some advantages over the other two regions, being that there is a better-structured consumer market, with higher acquisitive power; the agricultural activities performed are more dynamic and there are better opportunities for industrialization and commerce which differs outstandingly from the Southern and Northern regions. From this analysis, the importance of the study of the dynamics of this process can be verified, so that other efficient policies can be elaborated in order to minimize the effects of regional economical disparities on the Agricultural sector of Rio Grande do Sul state.
Do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento econômico, o Rio Grande do Sul apresenta uma realidade bastante particular, quando considera-se o Estado dividido em duas regiões, Metade Sul e Norte. A Metade Sul, que antes detinha o poder econômico acaba, a partir da metade século XX, por entrar em um período de estagnação econômica que persiste até os dias atuais. A Metade Norte, por sua vez, passa de condição de atrasada para a Região economicamente mais desenvolvida do Estado. Este processo teve continuidade na medida em que se observa a concentração econômica em uma área da Metade Norte, definido por Alonso et al (1994) como Região Nordeste. Assim considera-se no presente trabalho o Estado dividido em três Regiões: Nordeste, Norte e Sul. Vários fatores contribuíram para essa condição de concentração econômica, porém destaca-se o processo de ocupação, de urbanização e industrialização do Estado. A importância do Setor Agropecuário para Rio Grande do Sul é amplamente reconhecida e as desigualdades regionais, à medida que se acentuam, atingem diretamente as atividades deste setor. A Região Nordeste, com apenas 8,98% da área, representa 53,44% do PIB Total e participa com 15,53% do VAB da Agropecuária do Estado. Porém, em termos monetários por área a participação da Região é superior as Regiões Sul e Norte, as quais participam em uma área de 86,45% com 84,47% do VAB da agropecuária estadual. A Região Nordeste apresenta algumas vantagens sobre as demais Regiões, onde destaca-se a estrutura do mercado consumidor, com maior poder aquisitivo. Também o fato das atividades agropecuárias desenvolvidas serem mais dinâmicas, além das oportunidades para industrialização e comercialização, diferentemente das Regiões Sul e Norte. A partir desta análise, verifica-se a importância do estudo da dinâmica deste processo, a fim de que sejam elaboradas políticas eficientes de modo que sejam minimizados os efeitos das desigualdades econômicas regionais sobre o Setor Agropecuário do Rio Grande do Sul.
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La, Guardia Nave Renata. "Forage Herbage Accumulation and Nutritive Value Dynamics of a Mixed Cool-Season Grass Sward across Seasons." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338322037.
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Delaroche, Martin. "Policy change or values change? The evolution of the environmental behavior of large-scale soybean producers in Mato Grasso, Brazil." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA038/document.
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La production de commodities continue de s’étendre dans le monde. Historiquement, ces aires de production ont créé des opportunités économiques mais ont également eu des implications sociales et environnementales discutables. En 40 ans, l'État du Mato Grosso est devenu le principal producteur de soja du Brésil, représentant un quart de la production brésilienne et de 9% de la production mondiale, une expansion fulgurante vivement critiquée pour avoir causé des taux élevés de déforestation. Cette production est le résultat de petits exploitants agricoles qui ont émigré du sud du Brésil dans les années 1970 pour devenir aujourd'hui des grands producteurs de soja. Bien que les politiques environnementales adoptées dans les années 2000 aient réduit la déforestation, l’interaction entre ces politiques, les conditions de marché, la technologie agricole et l’évolution des valeurs des producteurs n’est pas claire. Quels sont les éléments constitutifs du comportement environnemental de ces producteurs et comment expliquer son changement ? Afin d’examiner cette évolution, nous avons choisi une approche multi-méthodes fondée sur une enquête de terrain comprenant 104 entretiens semi-structurés avec des producteurs, ainsi que des données quantitatives (changement d’utilisation des sols et analyse statistique). Bien que ce changement de comportement soit en partie lié aux conditions de marché et aux politiques environnementales, nous démontrons que l’identité techno-culturelle et les valeurs pro-environnementales de ces producteurs ont contribué de manière significative à ce changement. Cette thèse contient des enseignements précieux pour comprendre les mécanismes complexes susceptibles de limiter l'impact environnemental des futures frontières agricolesCommodity production keeps expanding around the world. Past areas of commodity production have provided economic opportunities, but mixed social and environmental outcomes. In 40 years, Mato Grosso state has turned into the largest Brazilian soybean producer, representing a quarter of the country’s and 9% of the world’s production. Criticism of deforestation outcomes abounded. Much of that production was the result of smallholder farmers who migrated from southern Brazil in the 1970s and turned today into large-scale soybean producers. While environmental policies since the mid-2000s contributed to deforestation reduction in the region, the interplay between these policies, market conditions, technology and changing farmers’ values is unclear. What constitutes the environmental behavior of these producers and what explains that it evolves over time? To examine this evolution, I used a multi-methods approach based on extensive field research, 104 semi-structured interviews with producers, and quantitative data (land-use change and statistical analysis). Although the behavioral change of large-scale soybean producers has partly to do with market conditions and environmental policies, I demonstrate that their evolution in that regard is the result of a particular techno-cultural identity and pro-environmental values developed over time. This dissertation holds valuable lessons for understanding the complex mechanisms that could limit the environmental impact of future commodity frontiers
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Kambanje, Cuthbert. "Economic impacts of large-scale land investments along the emerging Chisumbanje Sugarcane Bio-ethanol Value Chain in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1737.
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Jones, Alexander M. "Fuel Yield Potential of Field Grown Agave americana L. Based on Water Soluble Carbohydrates, Acid Extractable Carbohydrates, and Enzymatic Digestibility Compared to Other Advanced Biofuel Feedstocks." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1501173804378294.
Full textBooks on the topic "Gross agricultural value"
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Office, General Accounting. Tax policy: Economic, administrative, and taxpayer compliance aspects of a gross income tax : report congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.
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Hundloe, Tor, Sarah Blagrove, and Hannah Ditton, eds. Australia's Role in Feeding the World. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486305902.
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Earth's human population currently exceeds 7 billion, and by the year 2050 our planet will have at least two billion more mouths to feed. When faced with providing food for so many people, the idea is often advanced that Australia will become the 'food bowl' of Asia. Australia currently grows enough food to feed about three times its population and agricultural exports are important to our economy; however, Australia's role in feeding the world needs careful consideration.
This highly topical book draws together the latest intelligence on the sustainable production and distribution of food and other products from Australian farms. It examines questions that policy-makers, farmers, politicians, agricultural scientists and the general public are asking about the potential productivity of our arable land, the environmental and economic impacts of seeking to increase productivity, and the value of becoming cleaner and greener in our agricultural output. With chapters on the emergence of new markets, consumer trends in China, the biophysical constraints on agricultural expansion, and the various products of Australian agriculture and aquaculture, Australia's Role in Feeding the World provides valuable insight into the future of agriculture in this nation.
The book is ideal reading for academics and students in agriculture, environmental sciences, economics, Australian studies, international development studies; agricultural practitioners; and the food production industry.
Book chapters on the topic "Gross agricultural value"
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Nthambi, Mary, and Uche Dickson Ijioma. "Retracing Economic Impact of Climate Change Disasters in Africa: Case Study of Drought Episodes and Adaptation in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1007–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_66.
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AbstractValuation studies have shown that drought occurrences have more severe economic impact compared to other natural disasters such as floods. In Kenya, drought has presented complex negative effects on farming communities. The main objective of this chapter is to analyze the economic impacts of drought and identify appropriate climate change adaptation measures in Kenya. To achieve this objective, an empirical approach, combined with secondary data mined from World Bank Climate Knowledge Portal and FAOSTAT databases, has been used in three main steps. First, historical links between population size and land degradation, temperature and rainfall changes with drought events were established. Second, economic impacts of drought on selected economic indicators such as quantities of staple food crop, average food value production, number of undernourished people, gross domestic product, agriculture value added growth, and renewable water resources per annum in Kenya were evaluated. Third, different climate change adaptation measures among farmers in Makueni county were identified using focused group discussions and in-depth interviews, for which the use of bottom-up approach was used to elicit responses. Findings from the binary logistic regression model show a statistical relationship between drought events and a selected set of economic indicators. More specifically, drought events have led to increased use of pesticides, reduced access to credit for agriculture and the annual growth of gross domestic product. One of the main recommendations of this chapter is to involve farmers in designing and implementing community-based climate change adaptation measures, with support from other relevant stakeholders.
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Sharma, Rahul, and Amar Singh. "Image Pre-Processing and Paddy Pests Detection Using Tensorflow." In Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice, 131–39. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7188-0.ch010.
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Agriculture is one of the important sources of earning worldwide. With the rapid expansion of the human population and food security for all, the agriculture sector needs to be boosted to increase the yield. Agriculture is the prime source of livelihood in India for more than 50% of the total population. As per Indian agriculture and allied industries industry report, agriculture is one of the major contributors in gross value. Agricultural crops suffer heavy losses due to insect damage and plant diseases. Worldwide, out of the crop losses, major losses are caused by plant pests. In this chapter, various image pre-processing methods and the need of pre-preprocessing are discussed in detail. For image classification, TensorFlow deep neural network is presented. Deep learning model is used for automatic and early detection of paddy pests. Early detection of the pests will aid farmers in adopting necessary preventive measures. Multiple ways to reduce overfitting during model training are also suggested.
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"Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference." In Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference, edited by Lilian Ibengwe and Fatma Sobo. American Fisheries Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9789251092637.ch13.
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<em>Abstract</em> .—The socioeconomic importance of the Tanzanian inland water and small-scale marine fishing industry and aquaculture sector in the country’s development cannot be understated. With a coastline of 1,450 km<sup>2</sup> and richly endowed with natural water bodies, the fishing industry plays a fundamental role in food security, sustainable livelihoods, and poverty reduction. However, the fishing industry and aquaculture sector’s contribution has been underestimated in past years; hence, it is not fully recognized as an economic sector that contributes significantly to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). The published value of the fishing industry and aquaculture sector contribution to the GDP is not reported holistically. The GDP contribution of the fish harvesting sector of the fishing industry is estimated by the National Bureau of Statistics as part of the agricultural gross product (AGP), in accordance with the System of National Accounts (SNA). The AGP accounts for only the value of the fish harvesting sector’s activities, whereas the economic contributions of postharvest-related activities are accounted for under other sectors like manufacturing. This study focused on providing appropriate information about the overall value of the fishing industry and aquaculture sector. A production approach method was used to evaluate value-added contributions to the national GDP. The analysis found that the fishing industry and aquaculture sector’s contribution to the GDP in 2011 was 3.07% as compared to the published GDP of 1.4%. This difference suggests that the fishing industry and aquaculture sector’s contributions to GDP may have been underestimated by a factor of 2.2 and indicates that a postharvesting processing sector plays a significant role in GDP contribution. These findings provide a different perspective on how to calculate fishing industry and aquaculture sector contribution to the GDP from the existing structure of economic activity classification set by the SNA. To complement this information, the study also summarizes the contribution of the fish harvesting, postharvest processing and aquaculture sectors to employment. This study also calls for improved data collection and information related to the fisheries’ postharvest activities. At the policy level, there is a need to rethink and prioritize development of the fishing industry and aquaculture sector in Tanzania.
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"Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference." In Freshwater, Fish and the Future: Proceedings of the Global Cross-Sectoral Conference, edited by Lilian Ibengwe and Fatma Sobo. American Fisheries Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9789251092637.ch13.
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<em>Abstract</em> .—The socioeconomic importance of the Tanzanian inland water and small-scale marine fishing industry and aquaculture sector in the country’s development cannot be understated. With a coastline of 1,450 km<sup>2</sup> and richly endowed with natural water bodies, the fishing industry plays a fundamental role in food security, sustainable livelihoods, and poverty reduction. However, the fishing industry and aquaculture sector’s contribution has been underestimated in past years; hence, it is not fully recognized as an economic sector that contributes significantly to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). The published value of the fishing industry and aquaculture sector contribution to the GDP is not reported holistically. The GDP contribution of the fish harvesting sector of the fishing industry is estimated by the National Bureau of Statistics as part of the agricultural gross product (AGP), in accordance with the System of National Accounts (SNA). The AGP accounts for only the value of the fish harvesting sector’s activities, whereas the economic contributions of postharvest-related activities are accounted for under other sectors like manufacturing. This study focused on providing appropriate information about the overall value of the fishing industry and aquaculture sector. A production approach method was used to evaluate value-added contributions to the national GDP. The analysis found that the fishing industry and aquaculture sector’s contribution to the GDP in 2011 was 3.07% as compared to the published GDP of 1.4%. This difference suggests that the fishing industry and aquaculture sector’s contributions to GDP may have been underestimated by a factor of 2.2 and indicates that a postharvesting processing sector plays a significant role in GDP contribution. These findings provide a different perspective on how to calculate fishing industry and aquaculture sector contribution to the GDP from the existing structure of economic activity classification set by the SNA. To complement this information, the study also summarizes the contribution of the fish harvesting, postharvest processing and aquaculture sectors to employment. This study also calls for improved data collection and information related to the fisheries’ postharvest activities. At the policy level, there is a need to rethink and prioritize development of the fishing industry and aquaculture sector in Tanzania.
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Kumar Sanadya, Sanjay, Surendra Singh Shekhawat, and Smrutishree Sahoo. "Sewan Grass: A Potential Forage Grass in Arid Environments." In Grasses and Grassland - New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98801.
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Sewan grass (Lasiurus scindicus), a popular pastoral species, is getting some much-needed attention as mechanization, modernity in agriculture, and illicit grazing pose severe risks to biodiversity conservation in arid and semi-arid areas. It is found mainly in wastelands, dunes, hammocks, and sandy plains but less popular for cultivation in farmer’s fields. Sewan grass has many features like good nutritional value, soil binder, tolerance to high temperature, high digestibility and palatability, and prolonged drought conditions contributed greatly towards its success as a potential forage species in arid environments. It contains significant quantities of crude fibres, lignin, minerals and crude protein, and varies in the proportion of their tissue that can be digested by ruminants. Most research focuses on the species as a forage plant and agronomical practices and is largely published in agricultural and grey literature. Meanwhile, there is a lack of information about breeding strategies and seed production technologies. Therefore, here we present a comprehensive review about agronomic management, breeding, and seed production strategies systematically that will aid in the management of sewan grass now and into the future.
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"Research on the influencing factors to the gross output value of agriculture in recent ten years." In Environment, Energy and Applied Technology, 447–50. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18135-87.
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Mocanu, Vasile, Tudor Adrian Ene, and Vasile Adrian Blaj. "Technological Solutions and Specific Equipment for Improving the Degraded Grasslands by Total Reseeding." In Technology in Agriculture [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99403.
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The scientific basis and the development of research on new solutions for organic production of fodder and their conversion into animal products with high biological value, maintaining biodiversity and environmental protection, have created the premises for promoting new technologies to improve, rehabilitate and enhance the grasslands, which are in accordance with a sustainable and efficient agriculture practice. In this chapter the technological solutions and technical equipment for improving the permanent grasslands by total renovation, specific to each stationary area conditions, are presented. The basis of new technologies or technological sequences for improving the degraded grasslands is composition and utilization of complex aggregates, consisting of specific machines and equipment, using the recent research achievements in the field of grassland farming. It is also intended that the proposed technological solutions eliminate or limit the effect of external restrictive factors so as to ensure a high feed production and a high feed value, meeting the agrotechnical requirements for each agricultural component operation. For highlighting the advantages of using the specific machines, traditional technologies, within are used common farming machines and new technologies, when are used specific machinery for grassland farming, are analyzed in comparison. To improve the degraded grasslands by reseeding method, new technologies and technological sequences use different complex aggregates, which perform in a pass 2 or even 3 operations, such as: clearing of non-valuable vegetation, hillocks and liming; tillage and liming; seedbed preparation and spreading the chemical fertilizers; rolling before sowing, sowing, rolling after sowing; the destruction of the old grass carpet, seedbed preparing, sowing and rolling after sowing and fertilization with chemical fertilizers; fertilization with chemical fertilizers, rolling before sowing, sowing and rolling after sowing. Compared to traditional technologies, new technologies and technological sequences for improving the degraded grasslands, require reduced fuel consumption and labor, with a lower number of aggregate passes.
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Panagariya, Arvind. "Underemployment in Industry and Services." In New India, 56–71. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197531556.003.0004.
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This chapter shows that even industry and services in India are characterized by gross underemployment. The bulk of the workforce in industry and services is concentrated in informal unincorporated enterprises, where self-employment and casual employment dominate. The average value added by a worker in these enterprises is no higher than that in agriculture. Most enterprises have no hired workers, and when they do, annual wages are under 100,000 rupees. Whereas 75 percent of China’s manufacturing workforce is in medium and large enterprises, only 16 percent of India’s workforce is. The near absence of medium and large enterprises translates into very low productivity, not just overall but also in small enterprises. This is because medium and large firms produce greater competition and innovation in products, processes, and management. Medium and large firms also benefit from exposure to global markets. Creation of high-quality jobs requires an ecosystem conducive to the emergence of medium and large firms.
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Gyovanni Keidy Zan, Minakawa, Soares Nicolas Souza, Brexó Eduarda Alves, Soncela Adriana Smanhotto, and Soncela Rosimaldo. "INFLUÊNCIA DO SECAMENTO PARCIAL DO SISTEMA RADICULAR NA QUALIDADE DE FRUTOS DO MARACUJÁ." In CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E INOVAÇÃO: DO CAMPO À MESA, 299–312. Instituto Internacional Despertando Vocações, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31692/978-65-88970-00-3.v.2.299-312.
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A agricultura irrigada consome uma elevada quantidade de água no mundo, a técnica de secamento parcial da zona radicular pode ser uma alternativa paragarantir a produtividade e reduzir a água aplicada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da técnica do secamentoparcial da zona radicular na produção e qualidade de frutos do maracujazeiro cultivar BRS Rubi do Cerrado, na Região do Vale do Ivinhema. O experimento foi instalado no campo experimental do Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, campus Nova Andradina. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em redução de 25% e 50% da ETc, alternando a cada 07 dias; irrigação plena, ou seja, 100% da ETc, alternando a cada 07 dias; irrigação plena, 100% da ETc -com irrigação dos dois lados da planta. Foram realizadas avaliações de comprimento do fruto, diâmetro médio do fruto, peso médio do fruto, casca e polpa. Não foram observadas diferenças na qualidade física dos frutos entre os tratamentos aplicados, indicando uma possibilidade na reduçãoda lâmina de irrigação através da técnica do secamento parcial da zona radicular sem impacto negativo sobre os frutos.
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MATHEUS KATRIEL DOS SANTOS, ARAÚJO, SUSZEK GRAZIELI, and ANDRADE WESLEY TESSARO. "MAPEAMENTO DA CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA APARENTE DO SOLO UTILIZANDO DISPOSITIVO DE BAIXO CUSTO NA REGIÃO DO VALE DO IVINHEMA - MS." In PERSPECTIVAS DAS CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS NA SOCIEDADE 5.0: EDUCAÇÃO, CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E AMOR, 18–35. Instituto Internacional Despertando Vocações, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31692/978-65-88970-07-2.18-35.
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A condutividade elétrica aparente (CEa) tem sido proposta como uma maneira alternativa de se avaliar a variabilidade espacial do solo, a partir dela podem ser definidas as unidades de gerenciamento em uma área agrícola. Além disso é um método prático, de fácil medição e podendo ser feita através de aparelhos simples e com alta eficiência operacional. O objetivo deste estudo foi o desenvolvimento de um sistema de baixo custo para mensuração da condutividade elétrica aparente do solo e, a partir desse valores realizar, o mapeamento do atributo e correlaciona-lo com a umidade e a fertilidade do solo através de técnicas de agricultura de precisão. Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido em área experimental pertencente ao Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - campus de Nova Andradina/MS. Na área experimental foram implantadas 72 mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo da variedade BRS Rubi do Cerrado, no espaçamento de 3x5 m e também elaborada uma malha amostral de 3x15 m com 24 pontos amostrais. Em cada ponto amostral foi realizada a amostragem química do solo, mensuração da CEa e coleta de solo para determinação da umidade pelo método gravimétrico. Os dados obtidos das análises foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva, e para elaboração dos mapas utilizou-se o Software ArcGIS usando interpolação por Inverso do quadrado da distância (IQD). O dispositivo desenvolvido mostrou-se eficiente para mensuração da condutividade elétrica aparente do solo. Foi possível identificar variabilidade espacial na área experimental através da mensuração da condutividade elétrica aparente do solo e encontrar correlações significativas entre condutividade elétrica aparente com a umidade do solo e os atributos Ca, Mg, SB, V%, Zn, Cu e Mn ligados a fertilidade do solo.
Conference papers on the topic "Gross agricultural value"
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Linkova, Marusya, and Elitsa Lazarova. "LOGISTICS MODELS AS A SUSTAINABLE TOOL AGROBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.59.
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One of the most significant problems in modern society is related to the sustainable development of the economy in the conditions of market transformations. An alarming finding are the negative trends in the development of agriculture - priority export of unprocessed agricultural products, low gross fixed capital formation, presence of weak horizontal and vertical links in the food chain, weak investment and innovation activity and many more. etc. The construction of logistics models and the formation of logistics chains in agriculture is a market reaction of business to added value and a tool for sustainable development of both agribusiness and rural areas in Bulgaria.
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Gençler, Funda, and İsmail Bircan. "Contribution of the Agriculture Sector in Sustainable Development in Eurasian Countries: Evaluating Risks and Opportunities." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00531.
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If the economic performance of the Eurasian countries are to be evaluated, the significant positive impact of the rich natural resources used in energy pruduction deserve the central attention. However, agriculture sector still has a great influence on economy. According to the statistics; Azerbaijan’s agricultural exports have jumped by almost US$500 million in the last ten years, now totaling to almost half its Gross Domestic Product. Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan contribution to GDP is roughly 27% by agriculture sector. For the rest, similar characteristics can be seen as well. Agriculture sector has a crucial role not only for production but also for the potential labor force that can be transposed to other sectors. For this reason, the policies that are implemented for the rural development contribute to the whole country. Since, increasing the social welfare and promoting the competent labor force for other sectors will lead to a country which is self sufficient and sustainable. The aim of this study is to analyze agriculture sector of Eurasian countries to find out the sector’s contribution to economic development. As a result, tourism and textile sectors to be qualified as focal sectors in the coming years in Eurasian countries and capable to provide essential value added to development are directly related to agriculture. Enhancement of agricultural productivity, development and diversification of market oriented production will be achieved through supporting rural areas. In addition to agricultural support, facilitating access to information sources can be provided by enhancement of dissemination activities.
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DĄBROWSKA, Magdalena, Milena JAWOREK, Adam ŚWIĘTOCHOWSKI, and Aleksander LISOWSKI. "VALUABLE ENERGY OF BIOCHAR FROM AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST WASTE STREAMS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.011.
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Wastes from forest and agricultural industry are still insufficiently used. One of the ways of their preprocessing is a pyrolysis process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the energetic properties of biochar made of walnut shells, forest wood chips and willow chips. The studies were performed according to standards. The moisture contents of the material, the ash contents, the net and gross calorific values were determined. Low moisture and ash content were found in each of the biochar species. For all tested samples the ash contents were lower than 6% and for forest wood chips it was 1.5% only. The way of processing the biomass in the pyrolysis process significantly increased the calorific value of the raw materials. It was found that the net calorific values of the tested materials were high and reached the amount of 26.58 MJ‧kg-1 for biochar made of walnut shells, 22.29 MJ‧kg-1 for biochar made of forest wood chips and 24.59 MJ‧kg-1 for biochar made of willow chips. Due to the good physical properties of biochar produced from waste and biological materials, it was found that these solid fuels can be used for energy purposes.
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Mishina, N. V. "ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА ПРОВИНЦИИ ХЭЙЛУНЦЗЯН (КНР) В СРАВНЕНИИ С ЮЖНЫМИ РАЙОНАМИ ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА." In Geosistemy vostochnyh raionov Rossii: osobennosti ih struktur i prostranstvennogo razvitiia. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2019.35.25.009.
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В работе представлены результаты изучения развития сельского хозяйства провинции Хэйлунцзян (КНР) за период с 2000 по 2017 гг. Данная провинция имеет протяженную границу с Дальневосточным федеральным округом РФ и ее сельскохозяйственное освоение является одним из важных факторов экологической безопасности приграничных территорий России. Основой для выполнения исследования являются официальные статистические данные. Для выявления основных изменений в отрасли анализировались такие показатели, как валовое производство сельскохозяйственной продукции, размеры и структура посевных площадей, объемы использования минеральных удобрений, сельскохозяйственное водопользование, поголовье скота и производство продуктов животноводства. Сельское хозяйство провинции Хэйлунцзян КНР активно развивалось в рассматриваемый период, что подтверждается многократным увеличением значения большинства показателей отрасли, а также ростом ее доли в ВРП. В растениеводстве наблюдался сильный перекос в сторону увеличения производства кукурузы и риса, сопровождавшийся значительным расширением посевных площадей, в т.ч. орошаемых, что обусловило рост сельскохозяйственного водопотребления. В животноводстве, кроме традиционного производства мясопродуктов, развитие получило молочное животноводство, производство шерсти, меда, шелковых коконов. В пространственном отношении в последние 17 лет вектор сельскохозяйственного развития в провинции смещался в сторону ранее наименее освоенных приграничных округов, в которых имеется запас пригодных для освоения земель. Сопоставление данных о сельскохозяйственном производстве провинции Хэйлунцзян и в сопредельных районах юга Дальнего Востока России показало рост трансграничных градиентов для большинства показателей, что указывает на более интенсивное развитие отрасли на китайской территории. Сохранение этих тенденций в перспективе означает ухудшение состояния природной среды в провинции, нарастание остроты экологических проблем, увеличение экономического и экологического дисбаланса на приграничных территориях России и КНР. The paper is a general review of the agricultural development of Province Heilongjiang (China) in 20002017. This province has a long border with the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation and its agricultural development is an important factor of the environmental safety of the border areas of Russia. The basis for the review is the official statistical data. We analyzed such indicators as a gross output value of agricultural production, a size and a structure of sown areas, using mineral fertilizers, the agricultural water use, livestock number and products. Multiple growth of the value of most indicators confirms active development of agriculture in Province Heilongjiang in the period under consideration. The analysis of crop farming data showed a strong shift towards production of corn and rice, significant expansion of the sown area, including the irrigated ones, an increase in agricultural water consumption. In animal husbandry dairy farming and the production of wool, honey, and silk cocoons developed in addition to the traditional production of meat products. Spatially, over the past 17 years, agricultural development has shifted towards the border regions (prefectures) with rather large stock lands suitable for reclamation. The comparison of the agricultural data in Province Heilongjiang and in the south of the Russian Far East showed an increase in crossborder gradients for most indicators meaning more intense agricultural development of the Chinese territory. Continuation of these trends in future means environmental deterioration, intensification of ecological problems, growth of the economic and environmental imbalance in the border areas of Russia and China.
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Mishina, N. V. "ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА ПРОВИНЦИИ ХЭЙЛУНЦЗЯН (КНР) В СРАВНЕНИИ С ЮЖНЫМИ РАЙОНАМИ ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА." In Geosistemy vostochnyh raionov Rossii: osobennosti ih struktur i prostranstvennogo razvitiia. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33833/tig.2019.35.25.009.
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В работе представлены результаты изучения развития сельского хозяйства провинции Хэйлунцзян (КНР) за период с 2000 по 2017 гг. Данная провинция имеет протяженную границу с Дальневосточным федеральным округом РФ и ее сельскохозяйственное освоение является одним из важных факторов экологической безопасности приграничных территорий России. Основой для выполнения исследования являются официальные статистические данные. Для выявления основных изменений в отрасли анализировались такие показатели, как валовое производство сельскохозяйственной продукции, размеры и структура посевных площадей, объемы использования минеральных удобрений, сельскохозяйственное водопользование, поголовье скота и производство продуктов животноводства. Сельское хозяйство провинции Хэйлунцзян КНР активно развивалось в рассматриваемый период, что подтверждается многократным увеличением значения большинства показателей отрасли, а также ростом ее доли в ВРП. В растениеводстве наблюдался сильный перекос в сторону увеличения производства кукурузы и риса, сопровождавшийся значительным расширением посевных площадей, в т.ч. орошаемых, что обусловило рост сельскохозяйственного водопотребления. В животноводстве, кроме традиционного производства мясопродуктов, развитие получило молочное животноводство, производство шерсти, меда, шелковых коконов. В пространственном отношении в последние 17 лет вектор сельскохозяйственного развития в провинции смещался в сторону ранее наименее освоенных приграничных округов, в которых имеется запас пригодных для освоения земель. Сопоставление данных о сельскохозяйственном производстве провинции Хэйлунцзян и в сопредельных районах юга Дальнего Востока России показало рост трансграничных градиентов для большинства показателей, что указывает на более интенсивное развитие отрасли на китайской территории. Сохранение этих тенденций в перспективе означает ухудшение состояния природной среды в провинции, нарастание остроты экологических проблем, увеличение экономического и экологического дисбаланса на приграничных территориях России и КНР. The paper is a general review of the agricultural development of Province Heilongjiang (China) in 20002017. This province has a long border with the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation and its agricultural development is an important factor of the environmental safety of the border areas of Russia. The basis for the review is the official statistical data. We analyzed such indicators as a gross output value of agricultural production, a size and a structure of sown areas, using mineral fertilizers, the agricultural water use, livestock number and products. Multiple growth of the value of most indicators confirms active development of agriculture in Province Heilongjiang in the period under consideration. The analysis of crop farming data showed a strong shift towards production of corn and rice, significant expansion of the sown area, including the irrigated ones, an increase in agricultural water consumption. In animal husbandry dairy farming and the production of wool, honey, and silk cocoons developed in addition to the traditional production of meat products. Spatially, over the past 17 years, agricultural development has shifted towards the border regions (prefectures) with rather large stock lands suitable for reclamation. The comparison of the agricultural data in Province Heilongjiang and in the south of the Russian Far East showed an increase in crossborder gradients for most indicators meaning more intense agricultural development of the Chinese territory. Continuation of these trends in future means environmental deterioration, intensification of ecological problems, growth of the economic and environmental imbalance in the border areas of Russia and China.
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Némethová, Jana, and Melánia Feszterová,. "Agriculture Development of the Nitra Region in the Context of Slovakia after year 2004." In 27th edition of the Central European Conference with subtitle (Teaching) of regional geography. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9694-2020-12.
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The agriculture in Slovakia has undergone structural changes since its accession to the European Union (EU) in 2004, that have been linked to the adoption of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU Member States. The article focuses on the Nitra region as a typical agricultural region of Slovakia and its development from the agricultural point of view from 2004. Compared to other Slovak regions the Nitra region has good soil climatic ratios, for the development of agriculture. The Nitra region has the largest share of agricultural land which is characterized by a high-level share of arable land from total agricultural land. The region has the highest values in gross agricultural production from the 2004-2016 reporting period. It has good results in plant and livestock production. The region has the highest employment in agriculture. Despite the decline in agricultural land, as well as a decline in total employment in agriculture, the region has the highest employment in agriculture in Slovakia. It is characterized by a well-developed business structure for intensive agricultural production.
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S, Wimalasiri, and Somasiri S.C. "Ensiled Fruit Peels of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) and Papaya (Carica papaya) as an Animal Feed." In 2nd International Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Safety. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/agrofood.2021.1003.
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One of the major issues for the development of the livestock sector in Sri Lanka is the unavailability of quality animal feeds. Thus, this study was carried out to prepare value-added silages using fruit peels for feeding livestock. Silage has been prepared using pineapple (Ananas comosus) and papaya (Carica papaya) fruit peels obtained from a fruit processing factory in Sri Lanka. Ensiling was done either in fruit peels only or in different combinations of fruit peels and chopped Hybrid Napier (CO-3 Pennisetum perpureum × Pennisetum americarnum) grass. The experimental design was a completely Randomized Design having ten treatments (T1 to T10) with two replicates per each. The treatments were T1 Papaya 100%, T2 Pineapple 100%, T3 Grass 100 %, T4 Pineapple 75%+ Papaya 25%, T5 Pineapple 50%+ Papaya 50%, T6 Pineapple 25%+ Papaya 75%, T7 Pineapple 20%+Papaya 70%+ Grass 10%, T8 Pineapple 30%+ Papaya 50%+ Grass 20%, T9 Pineapple 70%+ Papaya 20%+ Grass 10%, and T10 Pineapple 50%+ Papaya 30%+ Grass 20%. The fruit peels and grass were dried under shade, chopped, and mixed according to the different treatments. After 21days, representative silage samples from each treatment were analyzed for nutrient content, colour, odour, pH, and Ammonium Nitrogen (NH3N) content. The colour of all silages ranged from olive green to orange. All the treatments had a fruity smell. The pH values ranged from 3.41 to 4.04 in all treatments. The highest (p<0.05) crude protein (CP) content was in T3, and the lowest (p<0.05) was observed in T4 and T5. The highest (p<0.05) acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents were in T3, T8, and T10, and the lowest (p<0.05) was in T5 and T6. The highest (p<0.05) neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content was in T9 (44.00±0.02%) and the lowest (p<0.05) in T2. The NH3N was not present in any of the treatments. Based on CP, ADF, and NDF contents, T1, T7, T8, T9, and T10 were selected for further studies with animals to select the best treatment.
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Vertikova, E. A. "Production tests of a new variety of sudan grass Evgeniya under the conditions of Lower Volga Region." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-163.
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With the aim of introducing a new variety of Sudanese grass, Evgenia, into agricultural production in the Lower Volga region, they conducted production tests. Clarified the methods of cultivating varieties for seeds. As a result of the research, it was found that the Evgenia variety was characterized by high values of economically valuable traits. To obtain high-quality seeds, the variety is recommended to be sown with row spacing of 30 cm and with a seeding rate of 0.6-0.7 million pcs. viable seeds per hectare.
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Subotić, Slobodan, Goran Mitrović, and Vladimir Marković. "FINANCIAL LEASING IN THE FUNCTION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (STATISTICAL APPROACH)." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.s.p.2020.81.
Full textAbstract:
The leasing institution is typical for countries with developed market economies, although it keeps gaining more and more importance in transition countries. Therefore, the research in this paper is focused on the financial leasing market in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as one of the countries undergoing transition process. Its basic features have been assessed, together with determining turnover over the observed ten-year period, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a whole and in its respective entities. The research aims to establish to what extent has financial leasing contributed to the development of the small and medium enterprise (SME) sector and the economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Modern statistical methods have been applied to analyze the connection and interdependence of leasing and certain macroeconomic indicators in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the purpose and in the context of this research, the following indicators, such as the values of leasing, gross domestic product, export, import, and foreign direct investments related to the period from 2009 to 2018 are presented in the respective tables and charts. The analysis is based on the application of descriptive and econometric statistical methods of correlation and regression, as well as on the following statistical packages: IBM SPSS ver. 21, Microsoft XLSTAT. A particular, dedicated segment of the analysis refers to determining the impact of financial leasing on the level of SME investment to classic bank loans. That is, to what extent is financial leasing in the function of investment decision-making of small and medium enterprises in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Daugaviete, Mudrite, Galina Telysheva, Ojars Polis, Ausma Korica, and Kaspars Spalvis. "Plantation forests as regional strength for development of rural bioeconomy." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.001.
Full textAbstract:
The establishment of plantation forests in areas not viable for agriculture can make a significant contribution to the economy. The yield from 1 ha of plantation forest depends on the management purpose - obtaining of round wood (pulpwood, sawnlog, veneer log, tare), bioenergy and extraction of tree foliage (broadleaved and coniferous). In Latvia, based on 2019 data, plantation forests achieve 2760 ha of Scots pine, 7855 ha of Norway spruce, 7431 ha of Birch, 2123 ha of Grey alder, 1274 ha of Black alder and Populus spp. and 618 ha of Salix spp. Estimated and projected gains are calculated both as round wood over 20 to 50 years: pine - 410-to 994 thou. m3; spruce, - 335 to 2.906 thou. m3, birch - 1.040 -2.452 thou. m3. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain gross income from the whole plantation forest area in Latvia: pine-12.42-63.8 mln. EUR; spruce - 40.1 -192.3 mln. EUR; for birch - 32.2 -202.7 mln. Eur. Additionally to that, 18.6 -21.6 t ha-1 and 24.0 -37.0 t ha-1 of processed foliage can be obtained from 1 ha of pine and spruce forest plantations (40-50 years old). Alnus incana sp. (5-20 years), yielding 19.65-122.65 thou. Solid m3 and Salix spp. (3-5 years), yielding 58.71-84.97 thou. solid m3, are used for energy production, furthermore Alnus spp. wood can be used than valuable raw material for plywood production. At the same time, it is possible to capture 106-1477 thou. tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Systematic investigations of chemical composition of above mentioned Latvian plantation trees, wood and bark, have shown that incorporation of extraction treatment in existing processing schemes will allow to manufacture high value added monomeric and oligomeric products which are of great demand for substitution of synthetic ones in different economy sectors (agriculture, including means for plant protection, food industry, polymer production, pharmacy etc.). Creation of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural region in close proximity to plantations opens the opportunity for the appearance of new working places, including organization of new nurseries, plantation services, private businesses for processing of various lignocellulosic waste into new special products / semi-products / feedstock for green industrial materials and chemicals, at the same time diminishing the logistics expenses.