Journal articles: 'Gross alpha and gross beta activity'

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Duong, Hao Van, Huy Luong Le, Duong Thanh Nguyen, et al. "Gross alpha/beta activity concentrations in spa and mineral waters in North Vietnam." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 326, no. 2 (2020): 1511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-020-07410-3.

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Abstract There is little available information on the radioactivity concentrations in the thermal and drinking water sources in North Vietnam. In the current study, the gross alpha and gross beta activity concentrations were determined in 8 water sources in the area. The average activities of gross alpha and beta in the 8 sources are 38.7 mBq L− 1 and 88.0 mBq L− 1. These activity concentrations are lower than WHO recommendations for drinking water. In this study, the gross alpha and gross beta show a weak correlation.

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Taban, Cecilia Ionela, Alexandra Mihaela Mosteanu, and Simona Oancea. "STUDY ON GROSS ALPHA AND BETA RADIOACTIVITY OF SAMPLES OF BOTTLED MINERAL WATERS IN ROMANIA." CURRENT TRENDS IN NATURAL SCIENCES 13, no. 25 (2024): 290–97. https://doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2024.v13i25.034.

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Measurement of gross alpha and beta radioactivity in drinking water is an important screening method for assessing radiological water quality. In recent years, the trend of using bottled water has expanded significantly, therefore monitorization of the level of radioactivity has become essential. The present study aimed to evaluate the total radioactivity of bottled mineral water samples from different regions of Transylvania, Romania over a 6 year-period (2017-2022). The obtained results indicate concentrations of gross alpha and beta activities ranging from 0.0057 to 0.0801 Bq/L with a mean value of 0.0383 Bq/L for gross alpha activity, and between 0.0929 Bq/L and 0.7953 Bq/L with a mean value of 0.4415 Bq/L for gross beta activity. The radioactivity values of bottled mineral waters were situated within the permitted levels regulated by WHO, with reference values of 0.5 Bq/L for gross alpha activity and 1 Bq/L for gross beta activity, respectively. The obtained values were also within the limits recommended by the Council Directive 2013/51/ EURATOM, of 0.1 Bq/L for gross alpha activity and 1 Bq/l for gross beta activity, respectively. According to the results of this study, the investigated bottled mineral waters can be considered radiologically safe for consumption.

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Cfarku, Florinda, and Irma Berdufi. "GROSS ALPHA/BETA ACTIVITY DETERMINATIONIN DRINKING WATER PROFICIENCY TESTS." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi 8, no. 2 (2024): 804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v8i2.32635.

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Water intended for drinking purposes has to be analyzed first for gross alpha/beta activity according to national and international standards and recommendations. According to Albanian legislation, Article 6, the gross alpha/beta radioactivity concentration in water, should be below the level of 0.1 Bq/L and 1 Bq/L respectively for human consumption. Our laboratory participated in an interlaboratory comparison organized by IAEA Terrestrial Environmental Laboratory under suggestion of ALMERA members. Proficiency Test among environmental radioactivity monitoring laboratories for the determination of gross alpha/beta activity concentration in drinking water and contaminated surfaces (2018, 2020). Independent standard methods were used for the reference value determination. Each sample was pretreated on site with nitric acid until reaching a pH level below 2. By creating relatively non-polar surfaces, this procedure avoids a loss of radionuclide fractions due to absorption into the walls of the containers.The Gross alpha/beta activity measurements were done using gas-flow proportional counter (GPC) method. The total dissolved solids should not exceed a surface density of 5 mg/cm2 for gross alpha determination and 10 mg/cm2 for gross beta determination The performance of participating laboratories was evaluated with respect to the reference values using relative deviations. The results presented from our laboratory in both inter comparisons (IAEA-TEL-2018-03) and (IAEA-TEL-2020-03) were all acceptable. The laboratory for the measurement of gross alpha/beta radioactivity and our Institute as a part of Tirana University is in the process of accreditation, so far the participation in the inter comparisons exercise is very important.

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Jemii, Elassaad. "Screening Level of Gross Alpha and Beta Activities in Building Materials." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (March 23, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1741430.

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The objective of the present study is the screening of the gross alpha and gross beta activity of some building materials commercialized in Saudi Arabia. The measurements were carried out using a gas flow proportional counter. The study has shown that the gross alpha activity ranged between 0.21 and 8.27 Bq/kg with an average activity of about 1.96 Bq/kg, whereas the gross beta activity ranged between 6.47 and 276.47 Bq/kg with an average activity of about 65.27 Bq/kg. The obtained values of gross alpha and beta activities are in the worldwide range and no significant activity was observed that accentuate the attention, which show that no radiation risks come from these building materials and, therefore, from their origin areas.

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Roselin, M. Sheela Udhaya, and G. Shanthi. "Study of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Activities in Rock Samples of Western Ghats in Kanyakumari District." IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) 5, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jas.v5.n1.p1.

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<div>The present study was carried out to examine the gross alpha and gross beta activities in rock samples in Kanyakumari district. Twenty Four samples were collected from different locations in Western Ghats. The gross alpha and gross beta activities were measured by using zinc sulphide scintillation detector and low beta counter. In this present study the gross alpha activity was maximum at L22 (1397.85 Bq/Kg) and minimum at L7 (53.76 Bq/Kg) with an average of 582.44Bq/Kg and the gross beta activity was maximum at L2 (3815.79 Bq/Kg) minimum at L7 (833.33 Bq/kg) with an average of 2081.51Bq/Kg. </div>

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Ferdous, J., S. Biswas, A. Begum, and N. Ferdous. "Study of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity in Environmental Samples." Journal of Scientific Research 7, no. 1-2 (2015): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v7i1-2.22479.

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The main objective of this study is to determine the Gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity in environmental sample. Thirty samples of soil, water and vegetable were randomly collected from the different locations of Bheramara and Ishwardi near the proposed Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant area, Kushtia and Pabna, Bangladesh. The Gross Alpha activity under investigation ranges from 1.13 to 5.66 Bq kg-1 with an average of 2.78±0.16 Bq kg-1 for soil sample, 0.45 to 1.36 mBq L-1 with an average of 0.91± 0.18 mBq L-1 for water sample, and 0.23 to 1.81 Bq kg-1 with an average of 1.0 ±0.11 Bq kg-1 for vegetable sample. The Gross Beta activity under investigation ranges from 30.74 to 132 Bq kg-1 with an average of 71.85±1.99 Bq kg-1 for soil sample, 61.49 to 279 mBq L-1 with an average of 175 ±4.02 mBq L-1 for water sample, and 305 to 1676 Bq kg-1 with an average of 930 ±3.27 Bq kg-1 for vegetable sample. This study will help to prepare baseline data for gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity in environmental sample which will be used as finger print for the comparison of radioactivity level.

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Latha, A. Priya, and G. Shanthi. "Study of gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration in sediment and soil samples of three southern districts of Tamil Nadu." IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) 4, no. 2 (2016): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jas.v4.n2.p13.

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<div>Human can be exposed to the radiation emitting from different radioactive sources depending upon their activities and surroundings. Human activities have contributed to the increased concentration of some radionuclides in the environment. A survey of the gross alpha and gross beta activity in soil samples collected along the three southern districts of TamilNadu has been carried out. Determination of the gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration are done by using ZnS (Ag) and low beta counter. The gross alpha activity varies from 162.3 Bq/kg to 3679.6 Bq/kg near the sea and ranges from 107.5 Bq/kg to 1774.1 Bq/kg 150 m away from the sea. The gross alpha activity in the sub-urban area varies from 53.67 Bq/kg to 644.12 Bq/kg. The gross beta activity concentration in the soil ranges from 388.8 Bq/kg to 40111.1 Bq/kg in the coastal region (near the sea) and ranges from 669.06 Bq/kg to13278.4 Bq/kg (150 m away from the sea). While the gross beta activity concentration in the sub-urban area varies from 1103.05 Bq/kg to 4202.12 Bq/kg. The obtained values shows soil from the sampled locations may pose some long time health hazards to the public. Statistical analysis are also performed between the soil samples. </div>

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Okeoghene, Ijabor Blessing, Nwabuoku Augustine Onyema, Janefrances Chinonso Okpilike, Rachael Erhuvwuada, and Choice Uzezi Mallam-Obi. "Risk Assessment of Drinkable Water from Hand-dug Reservoirs Using Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity Levels in Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State." British Journal of Environmental Sciences 12, no. 1 (2024): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjes.2013/vol12n13442.

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Over the past decade, radioactivity in drinking water has become a matter of urgent concern following reports from various scientific researches. The rapid urbanization and increase in population of Ogwashi-Uku has culminated in the increase for demand of safe and potable water hence the need for this study. A total of 10 samples were collected from the study location. Standard methods for determination of gross alpha and gross beta activity concentrations in the water samples were deployed. The measured gross alpha activity concentrations for all water samples are below 0.1 Bq/L while the measured gross beta activity concentrations in all water samples collected are lower than 1.0 Bq/L permissible limit. The mean annual dose equivalent in all the water samples for gross alpha and gross beta activity is lower than 0.1 mSv recommended dose for radionuclides in water, hence the life cancer risk assessment showed lower values, indicating the water is safe for drinking. The purpose of this study is to assess the concentration of gross alpha and beta activity levels of drinking water from hand-dug reservoirs in Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State in order to offer a scientific basis for making decisions regarding mitigating radioactive pollution and also to ensure the safety of drinking water and public health.

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Söğüt, Ömer, Mehmet Fatih Aydın, Erdal Küçükönder, Özlem Selçuk Zorer, and Mahmut Doğru. "Measurement of gross alpha and gross beta activity concentrations in human tooth." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 101, no. 3 (2010): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.11.003.

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Adamu, Usman, Nuraddeen N. Garba, Jibril Musa, and Daniel J. Adeyemo. "Measurement of Gross Alpha and Beta Activity Concentrations in Drinking Water from Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria." Physics Access 02, no. 02 (2022): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47514/phyaccess.2022.2.2.014.

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The gross alpha and beta activity concentrations of eighteen water samples, consisting of boreholes and Hand-dug wells from Sabon Gari Local government area of Kaduna StateNigeria have been analyzed using, the potable single channel gas free MPC-2000B-DP detector. The results show that alpha and beta activity concentrations range from 0.96 × 10-2 Bq/L to 47.00 ×10-2 Bq/L and from 0.309 × 10-2 Bq/L to 310.40 × 10-2 Bq/L, for gross alpha and gross beta respectively. It is observed that in the overall samples, the gross alpha activity concentrations were below the 0.5 Bq/L maximum allowable limits for drinking water as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). However, for the gross beta activity concentration, eleven (11) percent of the samples, have their activity concentrations greater than the 1.0 Bq/L maximum allowable limits for drinking water as recommended by the WHO. This high beta activity concentration in these areas might be due to the waste generated from industries and hospitals or as a result of the nature of farming activities occurring in the areas. Largely, results obtained are seen to be in agreement with reports from other authors within and outside Nigeria.

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Cuk, Marina, Petar Papic, and Jana Stojkovic. "Natural radioactivity of groundwater in Serbia." Annales g?ologiques de la Peninsule balkanique, no. 74 (2013): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gabp1374063c.

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Activity concentrations of radionuclides 40K, 228Ra, 226Ra, 238U and Th232 and gross alpha and beta activities were analyzed in more than 100 samples of groundwater in Serbia. The highest gross alpha activity was recorded at 1.33 Bq/L (average 0.12 Bq/L), while the highest beta activity was 5.43 Bq/L (average 0.68 Bq/L). The potassium isotope 40K exhibited the highest active concentration (2.6 Bq/L) and was the largest contributor to the gross natural beta activity. Among the analyzed samples, 28 were found to have elevated beta activity concentrations, of which five samples also measured elevated alpha activity. All the groundwater samples that exhibited elevated radioactivity were of the HCO3-Na type and were genetically associated with granitic rocks. Their TDS levels and CO2 gas concentrations were also elevated.

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Masok, F. B., N. Freeman, S. Nabasu, and N. F. Masok. "APPRAISING THE GROSS RADIOLOGICAL CONTENT OF UNDERGROUND WATER USE FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES WITHIN AN ANCIENT TIN MINING VILLAGE IN BOKKOS LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA." COAST JOURNAL OF THE SCHOOL OF SCIENCE 6, no. 2 (2024): 1114–19. https://doi.org/10.61281/coastjss.v6i2.11.

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Water sources are often being polluted by some human activities and natural phenomena, thus adversely affecting the quality of water. Some of the pollutants are Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs). One water sample was collected from ten different wells within Butura Kampani. Each sample was taken in a two-liter plastic container. 10ml of concentrated Nitric acid was immediately added into each sample to prevent adhesion of radionuclides with the wall of the container. The samples were counted for gross alpha and beta activity concentration using a proportional counter (MPC 2000) at centre for energy research Zaria. The results obtained showed that gross alpha activity concentrations range from 0.0042±0.00093 Bq/L to 0.13406±0.00050Bq/L with an average value of 0.02714±0.00235Bq/L while the gross beta activity concentrations ranges from 0.01405±0.00245 Bq/L to 0.37883±0.02576Bq/L with an average value of 0.7439±0.00479 Bq/L. The results revealed that the gross alpha and gross beta activity concentrations are below the ICRP and WHO permissible limits of 0.5Bq/L and 1.0Bq/L respectively, for drinking water.

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Vásquez-Contreras, J. A., M. R. Castañeda-Chávez, O. P. Castellanos-Onorio, et al. "Radiological Study of Water for Human Use and Consumption in Rural Areas of the Central Zone of the State of Veracruz, Mexico." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 4 (2022): 1955–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i04.050.

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A study and spatiotemporal radiological characterization of water for human use and consumption in the main rural populations of the center of the State of Veracruz was carried out, covering 22 municipalities. The objective was to estimate the annual effective dose as a function of the concentration of gross alpha and beta activity. For this purpose, a low background proportional flux detection system calibrated with NIST-traceable radioactive standards was used. Sampling included only wells, springs, and lagoons in rural areas that supply water to these populations. The decision was based on the fact that these do not have a physicochemical treatment and was carried out during the dry and rainy seasons, which became factors of impact on the radiological material. The analysis included the results of 195 samples from 22 municipalities which showed ranges in the gross alpha of 0.052-0.95 BqL-1 with a mean of 0.376 ±0.101BqL-1 and a gross beta of 0.034-1.48 BqL-1 with a mean of 0.389 ±0.108 BqL-1. The comparison of the values obtained with respect to those of other countries and their complement with analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference, particularly, for the results of gross alpha in the municipality of Alto Lucero de Gutierrez Barrios and gross beta in Nautla and Tecolutla in dry and rainy seasons (at a probability of p≤0.05 with the Tukey-Kramer HSD statistical test). A correlation between gross alpha and gross beta was also performed with an r of -0.18 and -0.44 in dry and rainy seasons. This means that among the radionuclides, the major sources of beta radiation are uranium and thorium decay series radionuclides. For the determination of gross alpha, the municipalities in the mountainous zones showed lower values of this activity than the municipalities in the coastal zone. Gross alpha activity values of 0.95 ± 0.11 BqL-1 were detected in the municipality of Alto Lucero de Gutiérrez Barrios in the locality of Arroyo Agrio, which exceeded the limit of the Official Mexican Standard.

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Fleifil, Sawsan Sh, and Zahraa A. Ismail AL-Sudani. "Evaluation of Gross Alpha and Beta Activity Concentrations and Annual Effective Dose in Drinking Waters of Misan Province-Iraq Using Low Background Gas Flow Proportional Counter (LB- 4110)." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 11 (2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.11.nq21172.

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In this study, assessment of levels natural radioactivity in drinking water samples of Misan Province of Iraq was carried out. A total of 33 (Tigris river, station and Tap) water samples collected from eleven places in Misan Province of Iraq. The beta and alpha gross radioactivity of the samples water was measured and an average annual effective dose derived of drinking-water ingestion was estimation utilizing new model a LB-4110 low background gas flow proportional counter. The data indicated that the Beta and Alpha gross activities and annual effective dose in samples did not exceed WHO recommended levels (0.5 Bq/L of Alpha gross, 1.0 Bq/L of Beta gross and 0.1 mSv/y for annual effective dose).

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Abba, L., and D. Dahuwa. "Gross alpha and gross beta activity concentrations and annual effective dose due to intake of water from the cement producing area of Sokoto, North-western Nigeria." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 9, no. 1b (2023): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v9i1b.21.

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Mineral radioactivity is due to alpha, beta and gamma radiation from the unstable isotope in the composition. Gross alpha and beta activity concentration in ground water from cement producing area of Sokoto State has been determined using a non-gas proportional counter with model, protean instrument corporation (PIC) MPC 2000 DP single channel analyzer of Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria. The mean activity concentration of gross alpha and beta were 0.05 and 0.14 BqL-1 respectively. These values were compared with the reported data from other studies and they were well within the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits of 0.1 and 1.0 BqL-1 for activity concentration of gross alpha and beta respectively. The mean annual effective dose due to activity concentration of both gross alpha and beta from intake of drinking water for children and adults were calculated to be 0.225 and 0.06 mSvy-1. This is in order to estimate the exposure risk arising from intake of water. This value is below the recommended reference dose level (RDL) of the effective dose of 0.1 mSvy-1. This study has shown that ground water from the communities around the cement producing area of Sokoto has slight contaminated radiologically, which might pose radiation related health risk to the public in the future.

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C.I., TĂBAN, SANDU A., OANCEA S., and STOIA M. "Gross Alpha/Beta Radioactivity of Drinking Water and Relationships with Quality Parameters of Water from Alba County, Romania." Romanian Journal of Physics 69, no. 7-8 (2024): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/romjphys.2024.69.806.

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Drinking-water is considered one of the existing exposure situations to radiation, which involves a level of risk for human health. Thus, its radioactivity is evaluated to keep exposure “as low as reasonably achievable”. Based on monitoring data sets (2017–2023) for six physical-chemical indicators of drinking water quality and total radioactivity expressed by gross alpha activity, gross beta activity and Radon222 content, we evaluated the correlations, relationships, predictors (water source, locality, year), regional variations and potential baseline patterns using statistical analysis and models. The obtained model shows that drinking water sources and localities are factors with significant effect on nitrates concentration and total hardness, ranking sources in the order: well > spring > municipal distribution system; the rank order of drinking water sources based on the concentration of Radon-222 is spring > well > municipal distribution system; locality was found the best predictor for radioactivity; significant correlations were found between gross alpha and gross beta, between gross beta and Radon-222, and between ammonia, nitrates, nitrites and total hardness. The establishment of a baseline pattern for gross alpha activity is a public health goal that can be achieved through performance monitoring of natural radioactivity in water, useful for preparedness in case of a nuclear event

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Momoh, A. H., I. Ochalla, D. O. Ocheni, D. R. Ajibade, and A. I. Bello. "Radiological Status of Drinking Water Sources Around a Coal Mining Site in Kogi State, North Central Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 5 (2020): 903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i5.27.

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The radioactivity of drinking water sources around Okaba coal mining area in Ankpa local government area of Kogi state, North central Nigeria have been carried out using a low background Gasless Alpha- Beta Counting System (Protean Instrument Corporation) – MPC 2000DP. The gross alpha and gross beta activity of water samples from four (4) sources (river/stream, borehole, sachet water and rain water) was measured. The grossalphaand gross-beta activity concentrations recorded were below the safe limits of 0.5 Bq/l and 1 Bq/l respectively, as recommended by the world health organization (WHO, 2017). Also, results of the committed effective dose (for adult and infant) calculated were all below the reference dose level (RDL) of 0.1mSv/yr (WHO, 2017) except for BW3 whose adult dose was above the RDL. Therefore, there is no immediate risk of internal radiation exposure to the populace via intake of water from the four major sources of drinking water around Okaba coal mining area. However, caution should be taken especially with regards long-term consumption of the ground water (BW3). Keywords: Okaba, radioactivity, gross-alpha, gross-beta, coal, water

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Mustafina, K. T., F. F. Zhamaldinov, Ye V. Romanenko, Ye Z. Shakenov, A. I. Merkel, and S. Ye Salmenbayev. "APPLICATION OF LIQUID SCINTILLATION METHOD FOR MEASURING THE GROSS ALPHA-, BETA-ACTIVITY IN WATER." NNC RK Bulletin, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.52676/1729-7885-2023-1-97-103.

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The results of research on the application of the method of measurement of gross alpha-, beta-activity in water using the liquid scintillation counter (LSC) Quantulus 1220 are presented. Basic procedures of preparation and spectrometric measurement of aqueous samples were studied and performed. The detection efficiency of alpha-, beta-particles depending on quenching and the optimum alpha-, beta-radiation separation parameter for the method used were determined. Testing and validation of the technique was carried out on model solutions with different concentrations and composition of alpha- and beta-emitters, as well as by participating in interlaboratory comparisons. The results demonstrated that the use of LSS allows for a sufficiently fast and accurate estimation of the gross alpha- and beta-activity in water below the regulated limits without the use of labor-intensive sample preparation.

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Çakal, Gaye Özgür, Rufiyet Güven, and Haluk Yücel. "An application of LSC method for the measurement of gross alpha and beta activities in spiked water and drinking water samples." Nukleonika 60, no. 3 (2015): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2015-0089.

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Abstract In this study, after the pulse shape calibration of a liquid scintillation counting (LSC) spectrometer (Quantulus 1220), the effi ciency was determined depending on sample quenching parameters. Then, gross alpha and beta activities in two spiked water samples obtained from International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were used for the validation of the ASTM D7283-06 method, which is a standard test method for alpha and beta activity in water by LSC. Later, the drinking water samples (35 tap water and 9 bottled water) obtained from different districts of Ankara, Turkey, were measured. The maximum gross alpha activities are measured to be 0.08 Bq/L for tap waters and 0.13 Bq/L for bottled waters, whereas the maximum gross beta activities are found to be 0.18 Bq/L for tap waters and 0.16 Bq/L for bottled waters. These results indicate that these drinking water samples are below the required limits, which are 0.1 Bq/L for alpha emitting radionuclides and 1 Bq/L for beta emitting radionuclides. As a result, gross alpha and beta activities in drinking water of Ankara were determined accurately by this validated LSC method. It is also worth noting that LSC is a rapid and accurate method for the determination of gross alpha and beta activities without requiring a tedious sample preparation.

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Okeoghene, Ijabor Blessing, Nwabuoku Augustine Onyema, Oduah Emeka Charles, and Oduje Favour. "Examining the Radiological Health Risks Associated with Water Sourced from the Ogwashi-Uku Earth Dam in Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria." Physical Science International Journal 28, no. 4 (2024): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/psij/2024/v28i4833.

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Given the increased human activities and population growth in Ogwashi-Uku, there is a possibility of potential contamination of the water in the dam with elevated levels of alpha and beta radiation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the radiological health risks associated with water obtained from the Ogwashi-Uku Earth dam by analyzing the concentrations of gross alpha and gross beta activity in the water. The results indicate that the measured activity concentrations of gross alpha and gross beta in the water samples are below the permissible limits of 0.1 Bq/l and 1.0 Bq/l respectively. Additionally, the average annual effective dose equivalent calculated for all the water samples is lower than the recommended dose limit of 0.1 mSv for radionuclides in water. These findings suggest that the assessed life cancer risk associated with the water consumption is low, indicating that the water from the Ogwashi-Uku Earth dam is safe for consumption.

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Janković, Marija M., Dragana J. Todorović, Nataša B. Sarap, Jelena D. Krneta Nikolić, Milica M. Rajačić, and Gordana K. Pantelić. "Natural radionuclides in waste water discharged from coal-fired power plants in Serbia." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 11 (2016): 2634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.436.

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Investigation of the natural radioactivity levels in water around power plants, as well as in plants, coal, ash, slag and soil, and to assess the associated radiation hazard is becoming an emerging and interesting topic. This paper is focused on the results of the radioactivity analysis in waste water samples from five coal-fired power plants in Serbia (Nikola Tesla A, Nikola Tesla B, Kolubara, Morava and Kostolac), which were analyzed in the period 2003–2015. River water samples taken upstream and downstream from the power plants, drain water and overflow water were analyzed. In the water samples gamma spectrometry analysis was performed as well as determination of gross alpha and beta activity. Natural radionuclide 40K was detected by gamma spectrometry, while the concentrations of other radionuclides, 226Ra, 235U and 238U, usually were below the minimum detection activity (MDA). 232Th and artificial radionuclide 137Cs were not detected in these samples. Gross alpha and beta activities were determined by the α/β low level proportional counter Thermo Eberline FHT 770 T. In the analyzed samples, gross alpha activity ranged from MDA to 0.47 Bq L−1, while the gross beta activity ranged from MDA to 1.55 Bq L−1.

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Ahmad, Abubakar, Koki F. Salmanu, Ibrahim Y. Yola, Idris D. Adamu, and Ali Yakubu. "Assessment of Heavy Metals, Gross Alpha, Gross Beta and Radon Activity Concentration in Groundwater around Doguwa and its Environs, within Kano State, Nigeria." Physics Access 04, no. 02 (2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47514/phyaccess.2024.4.2.001.

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This study assessed the activity concentrations of gross alpha, gross beta, Radon and heavy metals in groundwater sources from illegal mining areas in Doguwa Local Government, Kano State, Nigeria. Water samples from five distinct mining areas were analyzed for gross alpha and beta radioactivity using a portable single-channel gas-free proportional detector (MPC2000B-DP) via ISO9696 and ISO9697 methods, Radon levels with a Rad7 (DURRIDGE) detector, and heavy metals with atomic absorption spectroscopy. Gross alpha concentrations ranged from 0.0000238 to 0.00013 Bq/L, averaging 0.00008158 Bq/L, a value below the WHO limit of 0.5 Bq/L. Gross beta concentrations ranged from 0.536 to 2.78 Bq/L, averaging 1.7056 Bq/L, exceeding the WHO limit of 1.0 Bq/L. Radon levels varied from 0.12 to 1.7 Bq/L, averaging 1.102 Bq/L, below the WHO limit of 11.1 Bq/L. Annual effective doses from gross alpha ingestion were 4.10918E-05, 4.16874E-06, and 8.33748E-06 mSv/year for adults, infants, and children, respectively. Radon exposure doses were 1.61E-13 and 8.04E-14 mSv/year for adults and children, respectively, below the 0.1 mSv/year limit. However, beta radiation doses exceeded the 0.1 mSv/year limit, with values of 0.85911072, 0.21477768, and 0.42955536 mSv/year for adults, infants, and children, respectively. The average concentrations of heavy metals were 0.00058 mg/L for Cd, 0.012 mg/L for Cr, 0.00628 mg/L for Fe, 0.0046 mg/L for Mn, 0.09534 mg/L for Ni, 0.01214 mg/L for Pb, and 0.00582 mg/L for Zn. Children exhibited elevated cancer risks from heavy metal ingestion 0.004865 and dermal exposure 0.000069, with hazard quotient values of 0.740205 and 0.004882, respectively. The hazard index and lifetime cancer risk for children were 0.004882, exceeding USEPA recommended values. While gross alpha and radon levels were within safety limits, beta radiation levels and heavy metal hazard quotients exceeded maximum contamination levels, highlighting significant health risks, including DNA damage and increased cancer risks.

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Hanfi, Mohamed Y., Ilia Yarmoshenko, and Andrian A. Seleznev. "Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Activity Concentrations in the Dust Fractions of Urban Surface-Deposited Sediment in Russian Cities." Atmosphere 12, no. 5 (2021): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050571.

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Studies of gross alpha and gross beta activity in road- and surface-deposited sediments were conducted in three Russian cities in different geographical zones. To perform radiation measurements, new methods were applied which allow dealing with low mass and low volume dust-sized (2–100 μm) samples obtained after the size fractionation procedure. The 2–10 μm fraction size had the highest gross beta activity concentration (GB)—1.32 Bq/g in Nizhny Novgorod and Rostov-On-Don, while the 50–100 μm fraction size was most prominent in Ekaterinburg. This can be attributed to the presence of radionuclides that are transferred through natural and anthropogenic processes. The highest gross alpha activity concentration (GA) in fraction sizes was found in Rostov-on-Don city within the 50–100 μm range—0.22 Bq/g. The fraction sizes 50–100 μm have a higher gross alpha activity concentration than 2–10 μm and 10–50 μm fraction sizes due to natural partitioning of the main minerals constituting the urban surface-deposited sediment (USDS). Observed dependencies reflect the geochemical processes which take place during the formation and transport of urban surface sediments. Developed experimental methods of radiation measurements formed the methodological base of urban geochemical studies.

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Jankovic, Marija, Natasa Sarap, Dragana Todorovic, and Jasminka Joksic. "Natural and artificial (90Sr) radionuclides in some carbonated mineral waters used in Serbia." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 28, no. 3 (2013): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1303284j.

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A radiological characterization of 7 different carbonated mineral water samples collected in the local supermarkets in the area of Belgrade (produced in Serbia) was carried out. Analysis included determination of gross alpha and gross beta activities. The obtained results showed that the natural activity concentrations of alpha and beta emitting radionuclides in carbonated mineral water samples were within World Health Organization recommended levels, except for the Heba Strong and Kiseljak samples where the beta activity exceeds 1 Bq/L. For these two water samples gamma spectrometry analysis was performed as well as determination of 90Sr by oxalic method. The instrumentation used to count the gross alpha and gross beta activities, as well as for 90Sr, was a/b low level proportional counter Thermo Eberline FHT 770 T. Gamma spectrometric measurements were performed using a HPGe Canberra detector with a counting efficiency of 20%. The annual effective dose equivalent due to ingestion of investigated waters was calculated for age group >17, and obtained values are lower than 0.1 mSv recommended reference level. Finally, a comparison of the investigated waters with worldwide data was made.

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Avwiri, G. O., and E. O. Agbalagba. "Survey of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radionuclide Activity in Okpare-Creek Delta-State Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences 7, no. 22 (2007): 3542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2007.3542.3546.

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Alomari, Ahmad Hussein, Muneer Aziz Saleh, Suhairul Hashim, Amal Alsayaheen, Ismail Abdeldin, and Refaat Bani khalaf. "Measurement of gross alpha and beta activity concentration in groundwater of Jordan: groundwater quality, annual effective dose and lifetime risk assessment." Journal of Water and Health 17, no. 6 (2019): 957–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2019.158.

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Abstract The current study was conducted to measure the activity concentration of the gross alpha and beta in 87 groundwater samples collected from the productive aquifers that constitute a major source of groundwater to evaluate the annual effective dose and the corresponding health impact on the population and to investigate the quality of groundwater in Jordan. The mean activity concentration of gross alpha and beta in groundwater ranges from 0.26 ± 0.03 to 3.58 ± 0.55 Bq L−1 and from 0.51 ± 0.07 to 3.43 ± 0.46 Bq L−1, respectively. A very strong relationship was found between gross alpha and beta activity concentrations. The annual effective dose for alpha and beta was found in the range of 0.32–2.40 mSv with a mean value of 0.89 mSv, which is nine times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limit and one and half times higher than the national regulation limit. The mean lifetime risk was found to be 45.47 × 10−4 higher than the Jordanian estimated upper-bound lifetime risk of 25 × 10−4. The data obtained in the study would be the baseline for further epidemiological studies on health effects related to the exposure to natural radioactivity in Jordan.

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Hemba, Emmanuel Census, Tongshinen Sabo Longmena, Nanpon Gangtak, and Abel Simla. "Comparative Evaluation of Radioactive Contamination in Soil Samples from Mining and Non-mining communities of Barkin Ladi Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria." Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics 8, no. 4 (2024): 73–79. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2024/v8i4177.

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Aims: To determine the level of radioactive pollution in soil samples from mining and non-mining communities in Barking Ladi local government area of plateau State and evaluate the implications for public health. Study Design: A Comparative Study was conducted using soil samples collected randomly from mining and non-mining communities (four samples from each). The samples were subjected to analysis for gross alpha and beta radioactivity concentration at the Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, using a Protean Instrument Corporation (MPC 2000 Dual Phosphor) detector. Results: The study revealed that the gross alpha activity concentration of the soil was in the range of 0.03747 0.0150 to 0.04995 0.0157 Bq/g, while beta activity concentration was in the range of 0.03995 0.0301 to 0.1357 0.0212 Bq/g. The maximum value of alpha activity concentration was 0.04995 0.0157 Bq/g, and the maximum value of beta activity concentration was 0.1357 0.0212 Bq/g. Conclusion: The study shows that the radioactive concentrations in soils from both the mining and non-mining communities are below the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommended standard of 0.5Bq/l and 1.0Bq/l for gross alpha and gross beta in drinking water respectively. Even though these findings show that the soils from the study communities are safe for agricultural activities, it is essential to carry out routine monitoring activities to guard against potential radioactive pollution and protect public health.

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Rodriguez, Clemencia, Brian Devine, Angus Cook, Philip Weinstein, and Paul Van Buynder. "Gross alpha and gross beta particle activity in recycled water for augmentation of drinking water supplies." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 58, no. 3 (2009): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2009.058.

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Ferdous, Jannatul, Aleya Begum, Nusrat Jahan Sharmin, and M. Habibul Ahsan. "Study of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Activity in Bottled Water in Dhaka City of Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 13, no. 1 (2016): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw-160008.

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Ijabor, B. O., A. O. Nwabuoku, J. C. Okpilike, and J. C. Olugu. "Gross alpha and beta activities of sand sediments and heavy metal concentration in selected rivers of Aniocha South, Delta State." Scientia Africana 23, no. 3 (2024): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i3.8.

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The concentrations of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity were analyzed in Aniocha South LGA of Delta State. Sediments were collected from randomly selected points on three major rivers in the LGA characterized by human activities, overpopulation, and industrialization. Standard methods were deployed for determination of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity ineach sample by using an eight channel gas flow proportional counter and also to determine the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and As in the water samples were done using chemical fraction method. The results show that the range of gross alpha and gross beta activity in the river sand sediment is 0.00014-0.00020 Bq/kg and 2.68-5.20 Bq/kg respectively. These results appear to be lower when compared with values from previous studies throughout the world, and WHO recommended limit. The results in this study showed that Pb, Cu, and As in the three river water samples are below the WHO recommended limit of 0.05, 1.5 and 0.05 ppm except for the value of Cd which is higher than the recommended limit of 0.005 ppm in one river water respectively. The pH level for the water samples was below World Health Organization (WHO) limit of 8.0. Similarly, the study could be a reference data for future research related to radiological mapping or environmental monitoring in the area.

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Caridi, Francesco, Domenico Pappaterra, Giovanna Belmusto, and Maurizio D'Agostino. "Radioactivity Measurements in Water: An Overview of the Actual Technologies." Current Nutrition & Food Science 17, no. 6 (2021): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401317666210122091439.

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Among the most significant matrices in the field of environmental radioactivity, water is certainly included, being subject to monitoring and controls to safeguard the environment from possible anthropogenic contamination. The presence of radionuclides in water also constitutes a health risk to human, because its consumption increases the likelihood of incurring cancer. In authors’ laboratory, different experimental techniques were employed to measure radioactivity content of surface and drinking water, according to the Italian Legislation and to the Italian Institute for the Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) guidelines. Gamma spectrometry was employed to quantify the specific activity of gamma-emitters anthropogenic contaminants and natural radionuclides; liquid scintillation counting (LSC), to measure the activity concentration of tritium, radon and gross alpha and beta; total alpha/beta counting, with the thick source method, to detect about gross alpha and beta specific activity; emanometry, to estimate gas radon activity concentration.

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Hemba, E.C, E. A. Trisma, and A. G. Kak'mena. "Field Method for Gross Detection of Alpha and Beta Radionuclides in Water Samples." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 11 (2022): 1275–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7444938.

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A new field technique for detecting alpha and beta radionuclides in water samples has been developed. The technique entails concentrating a 0.5 L water sample with Actinide Resin (Eichrom Technologies, Inc.), then co-precipitating MnO2 and detecting the results with a GQ GMC-600+. Geiger Muller's counter. A standard method was also used to detect the gross alpha and beta activity in the same samples of water. A total of 10 samples were collected from wells and boreholes in different locations within the Pankshin metropolis. The result of the analysis shows that the field method has alpha activity that ranges from 0.021 ± 0.002 to 0.698 ± 0.014 Bq/L while the beta activity ranges from 0.713 ± 0.107 to 6.034 ± 0.131Bq/L respectively, the result for the standard methods also has alpha activity ranging from 0.004 ± 0.002 to 0.073 ± 0.003 and beta from 0.252 ± 0.012 to 12.520 ± 0.201 Bq/L. From the result of the analysis, it is evident that this approach produces a useful tool for quick field analysis, risk assessment, and initial decision-making capability.

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Vuong, Le, Huynh Chuong, Lam Nhat, et al. "Assessing radiation hazards associated with natural radioactivity in building materials in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 38, no. 1 (2023): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp2301030v.

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This study is aimed at assessing radiation hazards associated with natural radioactivity in common building materials used in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Thirty-six samples from eighteen types of building materials were collected to measure activity concentrations using the gross alpha/beta counting system and gamma-ray spectrometry. The gross alpha and gross beta activity concentrations ranged from 94.7 ? 31.3 to 1045.1 ? 112.3 Bqkg-1 and 104.9 ? 4.7 to 834.4 ? 37.1 Bqkg-1, respectively. In addition, the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were also determined, which ranged from 4.1 ? 0.1 to 53.5 ? 0.4 Bqkg-1, 5.7 ? 0.1 to 83.6 ? 0.8 Bqkg-1, and 14.9 ? 0.8 to 664.9 ? 10.6 Bqkg-1, respectively. The indices including radium equivalent activity, external and internal radiation hazard, gamma and alpha indices, activity utilization index, and annual effective dose, were calculated to evaluate the radiological hazards of natural radioactivity. The results showed that these indices were below the recommended safety limits for most investigated samples except six brick samples, whose activity utilization indexes are slightly higher than the safety limit. Even so, all annual effective doses of the samples were found to be below the world average.

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Sas, Daniel, and Jiri Janda. "Rapid determination of gross alpha/beta activity in urine with LSC." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 311, no. 1 (2016): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-016-5077-x.

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Geleva, Elena, Svetoslav Dimitrov, Nikolay Goutev, Verzhinia Variyska, and Dimitar Tonev. "GROSS ALPHA AND BETA ACTIVITY IN MINERAL WATER FROM SOUTHWEST BULGARIA." Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection 2023, no. 1/2023 (2023): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32006/eeep.2023.1.7782.

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The natural radioactivity levels of mineral water from certain most frequently used sources in Southwest Bulgaria were determined. The mineral water was investigated with regard to gross alpha and beta activity to determine whether the activity concentrations are below levels at which no further action is required. The measurements were made by Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer. The gross alpha and beta activity varied from ≤ 0.003 Bq/L to 0.671 Bq/L and from 0.054 and to 0.375 Bq/L, respectively. The values obtained in this study were compared with data reported by other authors in different countries and with reference values accepted for drinking water. The annual effective doses were calculated for all investigated waters for adult inhabitants assuming yearly consumption of 730 litres. The results show that the annual effective dose of ingestion of these water samples excluding one, are below the individual dose criterion of 100 µSv/y according to the World Health Organization recommendations.

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Sas, Daniel, and Jiri Janda. "Rapid determination of gross alpha/beta activity in milk using liquid scintilation counter technique." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 31, no. 2 (2016): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1602179s.

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Rapid determination of gross alpha and beta emitters in milk by liquid scintillation counter is discussed. This method is based on direct addition of different types of milk into scintillation cocktail and therefore it is very promising for fast determination of alpha/beta activity due to direct alpha and beta separation, measurement in close 4p geometry and without sample treatment. The selected group of radionuclides was chosen with the respect to military significance, radio-toxicity, and possibility of potential misuse. As model radionuclides 241Am, 239Pu, and 90Sr were selected. The Liquid Scintilation Counter Hidex 300 SL equipped with triple-double-coincidence-ratio technique was used for sample measurement. The aim of the work was focused on comparison of different cocktails produced by Hidex and Perkin Elmer, choosing the best cocktail based on our measurement results and adjustment of its appropriate volume. Furthermore, the optimization of ratio between the volume of scintillation cocktail and the volume of urine was investigated with the respect to the model radionuclides. According to the obtained results, the efficiency for alpha emitters was greater than 85% and for beta, greater than 95%. The obtained results allowed this method to be used for rapid determination of gross alpha/beta activity in cases where time is an essence, such as first responders or mass-scale samples, where ordinary means suffer from lack of capacity or simply collapse under the onslaught.

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Lee, S. K., H. Wagiran, and A. T. Ramli. "A survey of gross alpha and gross beta activity in soil samples in Kinta District, Perak, Malaysia." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 162, no. 3 (2013): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nct273.

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Turhan, Şeref. "The natural radioactivity in drinking water by gross alpha and beta measurements and radiological quality assessment." Radiochimica Acta 108, no. 6 (2020): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2019-3175.

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AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the radiological quality of drinking waters consumed in Nevşehir province which is the most important tourism destination of the Cappadocia region. The activity concentration of gross α- and β-emitting from natural radionuclides (238U, 234U, 230Th, 226Ra, 210Po, 232Th and 210Pb, 228Ra and 40K) in 21 tap water samples supplied by municipal pipelines were analyzed by using a gas proportional α/β counter. The average activity concentrations of the gross α and gross β in tap water samples were found as 88 ± 10 mBq L−1 and 305 ± 32 mBq L−1, respectively. The average natural activity concentrations of α- and β-emitting radionuclides in tap water samples are below the limit values recommended by the Turkish regulation and WHO. For all samples, except for one sample, the gross β activity concentrations are higher than the corresponding gross α concentrations. The average annual effective radiation dose (AERD) due to the ingestion of these water samples was estimated to be 43, 60 and 124 μSv year−1 for infants, children, and adults, respectively. The average of AERD estimated for adults is 24 % higher than the dose limit of 100 μSv year−1. The activity concentration results reveal that tap water samples are acceptable for human consumption in accordance with the Turkish regulation and WHO recommendations for drinking water.

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Mouandza, Sylvere Yannick Loemba, Philippe Ondo Meye, Wilfried Ndong, et al. "Radiological characterization of water of rivers and lakes in the Mounana region in South-Eastern Gabon." Radiation Protection and Environment 47, no. 3 (2024): 178–83. https://doi.org/10.4103/rpe.rpe_17_24.

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Abstract The aim of this study, which is one of the few studies undertaken in this region in Gabon, was to determine the radioactivity levels in various lakes and rivers in the Mounana region by measuring the activity concentrations of alpha- and beta-emitter radionuclides. For this purpose, gross alpha (α)-beta (β) counting was carried out using a Canberra Tenelec Gas flow counter detector. From the samples collected, about 18% and 36% contained higher grossα-activity and higher grossβ-activity compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline limits of 0.5 Bq l−1and 1 Bq l−1, respectively. It was also observed that 18% of the samples collected contained both gross α-and β-activities higher than the WHO guideline limits. The gross α-activity concentrations measured ranged between 0.026 ± 0.003 Bq l−1 and 1.602 ± 0.012 Bq l−1 while the gross β-activity concentrations measured ranged between 0.15 ± 0.01 Bq l−1 and 3.00 ± 0.04 Bq l−1. Given that these waters are used by the population living in Mounana for the domestic purposes, a few may be exposed to the low levels of internal radiation but below the permissible levels of 1 mSv per annum.

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Tăban, Cecilia Ionela, Ana Maria Benedek, Mihaela Stoia, Maria Denisa Cocîrlea, and Simona Oancea. "A Multivariate Model of Drinking Water Quality Based on Regular Monitoring of Radioactivity and Chemical Composition." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (2023): 10544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810544.

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From a public health perspective, the monitoring of water quality intended for human consumption belongs to the operational and audit management of the supply zones. Our study explores the spatial and temporal patterns of the parameters of drinking water in Sibiu County, Romania. We related the relevant physical-chemical parameters (ammonia, chlorine, nitrates, Al, Fe, Pb, Cd, Mn, pH, conductivity, turbidity, and oxidizability) and radioactivity (gross alpha activity, gross beta activity, and radon-222 content) from a 5-year survey to the water source (surface water and groundwater, which may be of subsurface or deep origin), space (sampling locality) and time (sampling month and year). We conducted a combined evaluation using the generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), Pearson correlation analysis of the physical-chemical parameter, multivariate linear redundancy analysis (RDA), t-value biplots construction, and co-inertia analysis. The obtained regional model shows that the source, locality, and month of sampling are significant factors in physical-chemical parameters’ variation. Fe and turbidity have significantly higher values in surface water, and nitrates and conductivity in groundwater. The highest values are recorded in January (nitrates), March (Cl, ammonia, pH) and August (Fe, turbidity). The RDA ordination diagram illustrates the localities with particular or similar characteristics of drinking water, two of which (rural sources) being of concern. The water source is the best predictor for radioactivity, which increases from surface to ground. The gross alpha and beta activities are significantly and positively correlated, and are both correlated with conductivity. In addition, the gross alpha activity is positively correlated with nitrates and negatively with pH, while the gross beta activity is positively correlated with Mn and negatively with Fe; these relationships are also revealed by the co-inertia analysis. In conclusion, our model using multilevel statistical techniques illustrates a potential approach to short-term dynamics of water quality which will be useful to local authorities.

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Janković, Marija, Ivana Jelić, Milica Rajačić, et al. "Distribution of Natural Radionuclides and 137Cs in Urban Soil Samples from the City of Novi Sad, Serbia-Radiological Risk Assessment." Toxics 11, no. 4 (2023): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040345.

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This work presents the natural radioactivity distribution of 21 surface soil samples taken in the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. The analysis for radioactivity was performed using a gas low-level proportional counter for gross alpha and gross beta activity, while the specific activities of radionuclides were determined using HPGe detectors. The gross alpha activity of 20 samples was below the minimum detectable concentration (MDC), while in 1 sample it was 243 Bq kg−1; the gross beta activity ranged from the MDC (11 samples) to 566 Bq kg−1. The gamma spectrometry measurements showed naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 238U in all investigated samples, with average values (Bq kg−1) of 33.9, 36.7, 513.8, and 34.7, respectively. Natural radionuclide 235U was detected in 18 samples with activity concentrations in the range of 1.3–4.1 Bq kg−1, while in the other 3 samples, the values were below the MDC. The artificial 137Cs radionuclide was detected in 90 percent of the samples, with a maximum value of 21 Bq kg−1, while the other artificial radionuclides were not detected. Based on the obtained concentrations of natural radionuclides, hazard indexes were estimated, and radiological health risk was assessed. The results present the absorbed gamma dose rate in the air, annual effective dose, radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, and lifetime cancer risk.

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Lazarova, Radoslava, Ivanka Yordanova, and Donka Staneva. "Radioactivity of Drinking Waters from Different Regions of Bulgaria in the Period 2017-2019." Bulgarian Journal of Soil Science 6, no. 2 (2021): 169–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5767967.

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Radioactivity of drinking waters is determined by trace quantities of natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th, their daughter products and 40K. They are transferred to water by processes of erosion and dissolution of aquifer rocks and minerals. Man-made radionuclides may also occur in water as a result of technological pollution. Therefore, annual radiological monitoring is a key factor in ensuring water safety. In the present study, radiological monitoring of drinking waters from different regions in Bulgaria was carried out according to the national regulations in the period 2017-2019. Content of natural uranium, gross alpha and beta activity, radon-222 and tritium in water samples were determined. Content of radiological indicators under study was not exceeding the reference values in the predominant part of analyzed samples. Relatively higher values of natural uranium and gross alpha activity were observed in insignificant number of samples, probably due to specific hydro-geological characteristics of the aquifers in the respective regions, as well to the presence of closed uranium mining sites near them. Content of radon and tritium in all tested waters were below the parametric values. As a result of the present survey it can be concluded that drinking waters in the studied regions were not hazardous for human health from radiological point of view.

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De Albuquerque Ferreira, Christina, Felipe Juvêncio Dias, Bruna de Lima Sá, et al. "Implementation of a methodology for analysis of gross alpha and gross beta, as water potability parameters in Brazil, and 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb for radiological water monitoring." Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences 13, no. 1 (2025): e2512. https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2025.2512.

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In order to guarantee the quality and safety of water intended for human consumption in Brazil, the GM/MS Regulation No 888, of 4 May 2021, of the Ministry of Health, establishes parameters, through laboratory analyses, to monitor substances that pose a risk to human health. As far as radiological standards are concerned, the activity concentration limits must not exceed 0.5 Bq/L for gross alpha and 1.0 Bq/L for gross beta. In the case of alpha/beta values exceeding the maximum permitted value, other natural and/or artificial radionuclides present in the water must be quantified. The radionuclides most likely to be found in water intended for human consumption are radium and uranium, which are the main fractions of the doses received by man from internal emissions derived from radium, 226Ra and its decay products. In order to comply with environmental regulations and to be a conformity assessment organism, competent to carry out ionizing radiation tests, necessary for the monitoring of drinking water in Brazil; the Centro de Biologia Experimental Oceanus laboratory, located in Rio de Janeiro, carried out gross alpha and gross beta analyses, using the gas flow proportional counter technique; a the analyses of 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb, using the radiochemical separation technique, followed by alpha/beta counting; in water for human consumption. It was necessary to obtain results on the equipment's operating plateau, background, efficiency and factors related to the attenuation effect of alpha counts. The laboratory has demonstrated the reliability of its results by participating in the National Intercomparison Programme - PNI, and by requesting for accreditation from the Brazilian Network of Testing Laboratories - RBLE, according to the ABNT ISO/IEC 17025 standard; in the category of ionising radiation tests.

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Mangset, E. W., and P. J. Bulus. "Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity in Surface Water and Soil from Lead and Zinc Mining Area and their Radiological Risks in Wase Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICAL THEORY 8, no. 2 (2022): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijasmt.v8.no2.2022.pg51.62.

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Radionuclides are naturally found throughout all environments. They are present in varying amounts in air, water, plants animals, soil and water. In this study ten (10) water samples and fifteen (15) soil samples from Zinc and Lead mining areas in Kampani Zurak village, Wase LGA of Plateau state were collected using standard methods. The samples were analyzed for gross alpha and beta activities using MPC – 2000-DP. The results obtained showed that the gross alpha activities in water ranged from (0.005 ± 0.004 – 0.456 ± 0.019) Bq/l with a mean value of 0.1059 ± 0.0087 Bq/l while the gross beta activities for the water samples ranged from (0.290± 0.009- 1.450 ± 0.047) Bq/l with a mean value of 0.723 ± 0.1335Bq/l. The gross alpha activities in soil samples ranged from (0.003± 0.001- 0.737 ± 0.132) Bq/g with a mean value of 0.1876 ± 0.0301 Bq/g and the gross beta activities ranged from (0.003± 0.004- 3.615 ± 0.003) Bq/g with a mean value of 0.3961 ± 0.0099 Bq/g. The committed effected doses for adults ranged from (0.001- 0.092) mSV/yr with a mean value of 0.0216mSV/yr while for children it ranged from (0.001-0.137) mSV/yr with a mean value of 0.0316mSV/yr. The committed effective doses to children and adults were compared with the WHO’s standard limit of 0.1mSv/yr. The results indicated that location 3 had relatively high dose to children while other locations are within the standard limits. From the results obtained, 40% of the water and soil samples analyzed had their activity above the WHO’s Standard Limits. This implies that the general public in the studied areas where their values are above the accepted limit may be exposed to radiation health risks

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Al-Somali, Omar, and Halmat J. Hassan. "Gross alpha/beta activity concentrations in imported bottled drinking water in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 17, no. 2 (2024): 100922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2024.100922.

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Jobbágy, Viktor, Norbert Kávási, János Somlai, Péter Dombovári, Csaba Gyöngyösi, and Tibor Kovács. "Gross alpha and beta activity concentrations in spring waters in Balaton Upland, Hungary." Radiation Measurements 46, no. 1 (2011): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.08.004.

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Prema Kumari, P., K. Mercy Salima, and P. Ethalsha. "Comparative Study on Radio Activity Associated with Common Salt Production Process of Two Salt Works in Kanya Kumari and Tuticorin Districts, Tamil Nadu." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 5, no. 1 (2016): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2016.5.1.766.

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The manufacture of Common Salt used for the sea brine contain several chemical and radioactive elements. This study estimated the gross alpha and gross beta activites from the sea brine of two salt works at Kovalam in Kanya kumari District and Vepalodai in Tuticorin District, Tamil Nadu. The gross activity was increasing at subsequent stages of production due to the concentration of brine. The sediment and gypsum samples collected at different stages were also subjected for estimation of different types of activity. 40K activity was found to increase, source to bittern from 8.60 ± 0.92 to 221.006± 21.20 Bq l-1at Kovalam salt work and 4.006 ± 0.52 to 162.16 ± 15.94 Bq l-1 at Vepalodai salt work. This study showed that the radio activity is higher in Kovalam salt work than Vepalodai salt work, indicating the influence of naturally high background radiation area.

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simdet, Akila, Williiam Mangset, Daburum Hosea, and Abdullahi musa. "Investigation of Gross alpha and Gross Beta activity Concentrations in Groundwater and Committed Effective Dose in Pankshin LGA, Plateau State." Science Forum (Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences) 19, no. 1 (2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/sf.48190.

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dhu, S. Sin, M. Sheela Udhaya Roselin, and G. Shan thi. "Estimation of Activity Concentration of Uranium and Thorium Using Gross Alpha and Gross Beta in Agricultural Soils in Kanyakumari District." International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science 4, no. 2 (2017): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23942568/ijaes-v4i2p106.

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Catani, V., K. C. Stamoulis, L. Esposito, D. Cicchella, X. Aslanoglou, and K. G. Ioannides. "Natural radioactivity content in Italian bottled mineral waters." HNPS Proceedings 27 (April 17, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2691.

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Bottled water consumption has a long history but nowdays bottled water industry is a fast-growing sector of the world industry. Most of the water in bottles comes from springs or underground aquifers. The mineral content of the aquifer is diluted in small amounts into the water and although consuming mineral water is thought to be a healthy practice, there are several cases where radioactivity is also present. Monitoring the bottled water natural radioactivity is very important especially for the cases people consume mainly this kind of water. Radioactivity accumulation in the human body if exists in excess, can pose a threat for the health. In the present work, thirty brands of Italian bottled water were measured for gross alpha and beta radioactivity, uranium, radium and polonium radioisotopes. Radioactivity content was determined using the LSC method and sorbtion on polyamide pieces covered with thin film of MnO2. The analysis using the MnO2 thin films showed that the radium activity in waters varied from 4.7-69.3 mBqL-1 and the polonium activity varied from 5.9-26.8 mBqL-1. The measurements with the LSC method showed uranium concentrations varying from 0.7- 93.1 mBqL-1, while the radium activities exhibited variations from 1.6-34.1 mBqL-1. Finally the gross beta activity values varied from 13.1-1584.9 mBqL-1 and the gross alpha from 2.4- 305.2 mBqL-1.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gross alpha and gross beta activity'

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