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Journal articles on the topic 'Gross domestic product – Zimbabwe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Chimhore, Mable, and Shynet Chivasa. "The Effects of Exchange Rates on Zimbabwe’s Exports." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 13, no. 4(J) (September 4, 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v13i4(j).3211.

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The study reviewed the effect of exchange rates on exports in Zimbabwe using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of exchange rate on export growth in Zimbabwe using mainly the multicurrency era data. This is because the exchange rate plays a key role in policy formulation and implementation. The study is significant as understanding the role of exchange rate on export guides policymakers in coming up with the right policy mix to stimulate exports. Using secondary data from ZIMSTAT and World Bank, obtained results from a robust regression showed that South Africa’s exchange rates (SAEXRT) were weakly significant at 10%, South Africa broad money supply (SAM2) was significant at 5% and imports (DDIMP) were important to Zimbabwe’s export growth at 1% level of significance. To increase exports, there is a need for policy shift, shifting from overly focusing on foreign direct investment and increasing gross domestic product (GDP) because empirical results showed that FDI and gross domestic product were not significant in the model. Policies such as trade cooperation between South Africa and Zimbabwe may increase exports given the impact of South Africa's broad money supply on Zimbabwe’s exports.

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2

Makoni, Tendai. "An analysis of the relationship of inflation and unemployment to the gross domestic product (gdp) in zimbabwe." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 3 (December 30, 2014): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2014.15.

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The time series yearly data for Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation and unemployment from 1980 to 2012 was used in the study. First difference of the logged data became stationary as suggested by the time series plots. Johansen Maximum Likelihood Cointegration test indicated a long-run relationship among the variables. Granger Causality tests suggested unidirectional causality between inflation and GDP, implying that GDP is Granger caused by inflation in Zimbabwe. Another unidirectional causality was noted between unemployment and inflation. The causality between unemployment and inflation imply that unemployment do affect GDP indirectly since unemployment influences inflation which in turn positively affect GDP.

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3

Malumisa, Sambulo. "Comparative Analysis of the Determinants and Behaviour of Investment Demand between South Africa and Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 5, no. 6 (June 30, 2013): 385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v5i6.413.

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The study investigates the determinants of private investment in South Africa and Zimbabwe employing annual data over the 1980-2010 periods. The influence of gross domestic product (GDP), government debt, inflation, and interest rate policies are considered. Applied vector autoregressive and error correction models are used to estimate long- and short-run relationships among variables. The results suggest that GDP has a positive effect on private investment. Government debt has a crowding out effect on private investment, and inflation is shown to negatively affect investment. Increases in interest rates discourage private investment in South Africa

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4

Mapepeta, Benias, and Rejoice Mandizvidza. "Financial Literacy of Financed Rural Development Projects and their Contribution to the Gross Domestic Product." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 8, no. 1 (August 5, 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v8.n1.p10.

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<p>For rural development projects, prosperity hides in financial literacy. However, measurement of financial literacy hampers profitability evidenced through proper record keeping and accountability which has been a thorn in the flesh of the responsible ministries. This research seeks to investigate financial literacy and proper record keeping in rural development projects and how it could be used to measure contributions to the Gross Domestic Product. Thus, the major objective of this paper is to analyse financial record keeping and measurement of profitability in rural development projects in Zimbabwe. The literature review was centred on the empiric researches and publications from other scholarly researchers. The data that was collected was presented using frequency tables and graphs done using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Packages of Social Sciences (SPSS). The researchers found out that even though the rural development projects are viable entities, there are not records to measure their profitability. It was also found out that the there are other players taking advantage of non-record keeping capitalising on the profits of the rural development projects which makes them dwarf enterprises. The researchers concluded that if proper record keeping and financial literacy is to be implemented, measurement of profitability will be beneficial to both responsible authorities and policy makers. The researchers recommended that the stakeholders should work towards systemising record keeping and accounting systems that enables measurement of profitability amongst rural development projects.</p>

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5

Nyakuwanika, Moses, Huibrecht Margaretha van der Poll, and John Andrew van der Poll. "A Conceptual Framework for Greener Goldmining through Environmental Management Accounting Practices (EMAPs): The Case of Zimbabwe." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 10466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810466.

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Goldmining contributes substantially to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Zimbabwean economy through revenue generated from exports, however it also incurred numerous challenges to the environment. Amongst others, these challenges embody ecological degradation; water and air pollution; and depletion of natural resources. In this paper, we establish the effects of mining operations on the environment through a comprehensive literature review, and how the integration of environmental management accounting practices (EMAPs) such as material flow cost accounting (MFCA), life cycle costing (LCC), and activity-based costing (ABC) could be integrated into a conceptual framework to address environmental challenges. EMAPs were chosen as they generate both physical and monetary data, which could promote transparency in material usage within the goldmining sector. Our analyses revealed a substantial body of literature on separate and individual EMAPs, yet very little was found on the integration of EMAPs. The main contribution of this work is the development of an integrated conceptual EMAPs framework on the strength of sets of qualitative propositions, aimed at promoting green goldmining for Zimbabwe as a developing economy. Future work would involve the validation of the framework among key stakeholders in the Zimbabwean goldmining industry.

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6

Chidaushe, Wilbert Kudakwashe. "The Impediments and Evolution of Derivatives in Sub Sahara Africa." Journal of Business Strategy Finance and Management 1 and 2, no. 1 and 2 (December 28, 2019): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/jbsfm.01.0102.06.

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The research follows on the Arusha declaration of 2005 and the global financial crisis of 2008 and explored the impediments and the evolution of derivatives in Sub Sahara Africa with special attention onZimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa. The research has been based on a review of literature of the seminal authors and through a conduct of questionnaire surveys in each of the three countries of Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa. The purpose of the study was to identify any disparities in the evolution of commodities and financial derivatives in the Sub-Saharan African countries. The study uncovered that registered banks in Botswana and Zimbabwe relied so much on the forward agreement to protect against financial risk. Credit default swaps (CDS), currency options and simple foreign exchange swaps also were relatively used in Botswana by most commercial banks to hedge against risk. In South Africa, a wide variety of simple and complex futures and options products are effectively applied on commodities and currencies to protect against financial losses. Rodrigues, Schwarz and Seeger (2012) noted that the initiation of formal derivative markets can accelerate growth in the economies and decrease the fluctuations of the Gross Domestic Product.

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7

Maware, Catherine, and Olufemi Adetunji. "Lean manufacturing implementation in Zimbabwean industries: Impact on operational performance." International Journal of Engineering Business Management 11 (January 1, 2019): 184797901985979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847979019859790.

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The impact of Lean Manufacturing (LM) implementation on organizational performance is an ongoing discussion. The effect of implementing LM tools on operational performance across various industries in Zimbabwe, a country with an unstable real gross domestic product is evaluated. A structural model of LM that is aligned with the Toyota Production System (TPS) house was proposed. A structured survey questionnaire was used for the collection of data in identified companies. Of the 600 companies contacted, 214 useful responses were obtained implying a response rate of 35.6%. The structural and operational models were tested using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences and SmartPLS 3. The result indicated that operational performance was improved by implementing the selected LM tools.

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8

Skålnes, Tor. "Group Interests and the State: an Explanation of Zimbabwe's Agricultural Policies." Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 1 (March 1989): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00015640.

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While most African states are struggling hard to correct the severe imbalances in their economies that have been created, in part, by declining agricultural exports and rising food imports, recent evidence from Zimbabwe suggests that growth is being fuelled by the strong performance of the agricultural sector. In September 1988, it was expected that the value of crop production for 1988–9 would rise by 40 per cent over the previous year, contributing strongly to a real increase in the gross domestic product (G.D.P) of 5–6 per cent.1 The great foreign-exchange earners, tobacco and cotton, broke previous output records and achieved very favourable prices on the world market as well, and the maize harvest also improved significantly.

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9

Nyoni, Josphat, and Stephen Mago. "Strategies and Performance Nexus in the Zimbabwean Manufacturing Sector during the Economic Crisis." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(165).

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The performance and the contribution of the Zimbabwean manufacturing sector to the Gross Domestic Product, employment and export revenues has declined significantly since 1996. However, some manufacturing firms are operating at more than 60% capacity utilisation and posting positive profit margins. This shows significant performance variation of firms operating in the same business environment which may be a result of variation the strategies used by firms. Knowledge of the most effective strategies in economic crisis will help several manufacturing firms that are currently struggling to survive in the economic crisis. The main goal was to determine the strategies used by manufacturing firms during the period of economic crisis in Zimbabwe. In addition the study also sought to establish the most effective strategies that improved the performance of manufacturing firms in period of an economic crisis.The study used the descriptive research design, which is also a type of the conclusive research design. A survey questionnaire was administered to 272 firms in the nine sub-sector of the manufacturing sector that are currently operational. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the influence of the strategies on the profitability of firms of different sizes.The results of the study showed that there is a positive relationship between strategies with a greater emphasis on analysis and pro-activeness and performance. In addition results of the study indicated that there is a negative and significant relationship between strategies oriented towards aggressiveness and riskiness and performance. Keywords: management strategy, business performance, manufacturing, economic crises, Zimbabwe

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10

Mugwisi, Tinashe, and Janneke Mostert. "AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHERS AND EXTENSION WORKERSâ€™ INFORMATION NEEDS AND CHALLENGES IN ZIMBABWE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A PILOT STUDY." Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 32, no. 1 (October 4, 2016): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/1699.

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Agriculture plays an important role in the economies of many developing countries, contributing considerably to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), labour and exports. In Zimbabwe, agriculture provides an income to 75 per cent of the countryâ€™s population. The role of researchers and extension workers is thus important in this process. This article reports on a pilot study that examined the information needs and challenges of veterinary researchers in Zimbabwe. Purposive sampling was used to identify and select respondents around Harare. Although Mashonaland Central and Mashonaland East were initially selected, the study was able to capture respondents from across other provinces and districts from part-time students attending Mazowe Veterinary School. A questionnaire was used to collect data, most of which was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study revealed that there were varying information needs among the respondents, with the need for information on animal health and production being the lowest, despite the majority of respondents being veterinary extension workers. Lack of resources â€“ especially transport and information sources â€“ was cited as a factor affecting research and extension services. The study also showed that there was poor dissemination of agricultural information between researchers and extension workers and the farmers, and this was done through various channels, traditional and modern information and communications technologies (ICTs).

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11

Rajewski, Zenon. "Gross Domestic Product." Eastern European Economics 32, no. 4 (July 1994): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128775.1994.11648537.

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12

XU, Xianchun. "China's gross domestic product estimation." China Economic Review 15, no. 3 (January 2004): 302–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2003.09.021.

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13

Razack, Sarah, and S. Indumati. "Empirical Relationship between Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic Savings in India." Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management 5, no. 3 (2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7307.2015.00054.7.

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14

Sabia, Joseph J. "MINIMUM WAGES AND GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT." Contemporary Economic Policy 33, no. 4 (January 23, 2015): 587–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/coep.12099.

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15

McCusker, John J. "Estimating Early American Gross Domestic Product." Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 33, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01615440009598956.

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16

Butlin, N. G., and W. A. Sinclair. "Australian Gross Domestic Product 1788-1860." Australian Economic History Review 26, no. 2 (January 1986): 126–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aehr.262003.

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17

Mutodi, Knowledge, Tinashe Chuchu, and Eugine Tafadzwa Maziriri. "THE RESPONSE OF ZIMBABWE TOBACCO EXPORTS TO REAL EXCHANGE RATES VOLATILITY." Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development 56, no. 2 (July 8, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/j.jard.2020.01241.

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The focus of this study was on investigating the response of tobacco exports to real exchange rates and real exchange rate volatility and other factors in Zimbabwe using secondary data spanning from 1980 to 2019. Bilateral nominal exchange rates and time-variant weights of Zimbabwe’s 10 major trading partners were calculated and used to compute the real exchange rate index. The time-dependent weighting system was used to better represent the evolution of trade patterns in the index. The arithmetic method was employed for computing the index. Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) models were used to generate the real exchange rate volatility index. The export response function was adopted as the tobacco exports response model. The variables in the tobacco exports response model were the realworld Gross Domestic Product (GDP), real exchange rate, terms of trade, real exchange rate volatility and dollarization. A vector error correction model (VECM) was used to estimate the response of tobacco exports to real exchange rate, real exchange rate volatility and other factors. The VECM results indicated that real world GDP was insignificant in both the short and long run. In the long run, the real exchange rate appreciation had a negative impact on tobacco exports. Conversely, in the short run, the depreciation of real exchange rate had a positive impact on tobacco exports. Hence, the government has to adopt other mechanisms that reduce uncertain movements of exchange rates.

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18

Mabwe, Linda, Caroline Dimingu, and Fairchild Siyawamwaya. "The church as a social enterprise: A strategy for economic development." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 6, no. 02 (February 20, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v6i2.em08.

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This article aims at establishing the role played by the church in sustainable development of Zimbabwe during a period of prolonged economic meltdown. It compares and contrasts the role of the missionaries’ church and the modern day church in Africa and whether the church has not deviated from its main reason of existence. The study recognises the role the church is playing in today’s economy and how the society and governments can optimise on its influence in various sectors. The article adopted the framework that was established by the European Economic and Social Committee in defining a social enterprise in their research on EESC recommendations on Social Enterprises (European Union: European Economic and Social Committee, 2014). A descriptive research design approach was used and both mainline and Pentecostal churches were used to draw on the conclusions. This research design heavily relied on secondary data gathered through literature review. The study concludes that churches are playing a significant role in developing the soicieties in which they are established hence contributing towards economic development. The study recommends the need for churches to identify areas of importance in the economy, such as the manufacturing industry, so that they channel resources towards establishing enterprises that improve the nation’s Gross Domestic Product. Furthermore, the Zimbabwean government should provide special incentives for church run establishments to promote their operations. The study did not cover all churches hence the findings must be viewed in context and the conclusions were derived from the evidence gathered.

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19

Remember Samu and Bertuğ Akıntuğ. "Pre-disaster planning and preparedness: drought and flood forecasting and analysis in Zimbabwe." Water SA 46, no. 3 July (July 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2020.v46.i3.8655.

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A situational analysis of future drought and flood impacts in Zimbabwe is outlined in this present study. The assessment under different scenarios is carried out using Aqueduct Global Flood Analyzer in which all the analyses are based on the gross domestic product (GDP), population, and the present and future (2030) urban damage. In this study, to effectively estimate future changes, three scenarios were employed, namely, IPCC Scenario A2, the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenario which represents climate change, and the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP) scenario which represents socio-economic change. All these scenarios were employed from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 5th Assessment Report. To determine current mean monthly precipitation, 1981–2010 data were used and Meteonorm V7 software was employed for the generation of the mean monthly precipitation from 2011 to 2100. The level of flood protection employed is a 10-year one which is used to identify the population at risk, the effects of this event on the GDP and to determine the rate at which urban damage is happening. Utilizing Meteonorm V7 software, average monthly precipitation is predicted. This study determined that, in any year, the majority of Zimbabwe has a low to medium (2–3% probability) flood occurrence in which a 10-year flood has a 10% occurrence probability in any given year. If there is no flood protection employed, this 10-year flood could cause around 74.9 million USD affected GDP, 119 thousand affected population and 49.5 million USD urban damage. As much as it is impossible to eliminate drought and flood events, a diminution approach and proper planning and preparation before their occurrence reduce the economic and social losses.

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20

"Gross domestic product." Main Economic Indicators 2020, no. 4 (April 11, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/54ace363-en.

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21

"Gross domestic product." Main Economic Indicators 2020, no. 11 (November 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/f9721099-en.

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22

"Gross domestic product." Main Economic Indicators 2020, no. 9 (September 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/077bf060-en.

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23

"Gross domestic product." Main Economic Indicators 2021, no. 8 (August 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/b04af221-en.

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24

"Gross domestic product, volume indices." Quarterly National Accounts 2020, no. 3 (December 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/bd82674b-en.

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25

"Gross domestic product, volume indices." Quarterly National Accounts 2019, no. 4 (March 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/f548e401-en.

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26

"Gross domestic product, price indices." Quarterly National Accounts 2019, no. 4 (March 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/df1afff1-en.

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27

"Gross domestic product, price indices." Quarterly National Accounts 2020, no. 3 (December 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/7b7ffc7b-en.

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28

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Germany." Quarterly National Accounts 2019, no. 4 (March 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/87b11f1e-en.

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29

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Latvia." Quarterly National Accounts 2020, no. 3 (December 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/87ea908f-en.

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30

"Gross domestic product, volume, 2015=100." Main Economic Indicators 2020, no. 9 (September 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/0def9659-en.

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31

"Gross domestic product, volume, 2015=100." Main Economic Indicators 2020, no. 6 (June 11, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/0f1836ad-en.

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32

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Iceland." Quarterly National Accounts 2019, no. 4 (March 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/116dbb23-en.

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33

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Austria." Quarterly National Accounts 2020, no. 2 (September 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9a0cf877-en.

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34

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Slovenia." Quarterly National Accounts 2019, no. 4 (March 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9cd4f364-en.

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35

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Greece." Quarterly National Accounts 2020, no. 3 (December 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/ebf7d5c4-en.

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36

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Korea." Quarterly National Accounts 2019, no. 4 (March 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/0146ac71-en.

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37

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Hungary." Quarterly National Accounts 2020, no. 3 (December 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/039a2548-en.

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38

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: France." Quarterly National Accounts 2020, no. 3 (December 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/0467a439-en.

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39

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Spain." Quarterly National Accounts 2019, no. 4 (March 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/195f1eb7-en.

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40

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: G7." Quarterly National Accounts 2019, no. 4 (March 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/1beb19f5-en.

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41

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Estonia." Quarterly National Accounts 2019, no. 4 (March 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/34c40048-en.

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42

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Colombia." Quarterly National Accounts 2020, no. 3 (December 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/a90e4ab8-en.

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43

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Latvia." Quarterly National Accounts 2019, no. 4 (March 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/c161ed46-en.

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"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Estonia." Quarterly National Accounts 2020, no. 3 (December 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/39b9936b-en.

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45

"Gross domestic product, volume, 2015=100." Main Economic Indicators 2020, no. 11 (November 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/39f7b599-en.

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46

"Gross domestic product, volume, 2015=100." Main Economic Indicators 2020, no. 5 (May 14, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/3bb8b04c-en.

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47

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Ireland." Quarterly National Accounts 2019, no. 4 (March 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/3e61b030-en.

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48

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Chile." Quarterly National Accounts 2020, no. 3 (December 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5bfe4ca5-en.

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49

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Italy." Quarterly National Accounts 2020, no. 3 (December 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/6b8a3224-en.

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50

"Gross domestic product, expenditure approach: Germany." Quarterly National Accounts 2020, no. 3 (December 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/6d699087-en.

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