Academic literature on the topic 'Ground granular based blast furnace slag'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ground granular based blast furnace slag"
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Kumar, Rahul, Rajwinder Singh, and Mahesh Patel. "Impact of variations in the molarity of sodium hydroxide on metakaolin-ground granular blast-furnace slag-based geopolymer concrete." Advances in Civil and Architectural Engineering 15, no. 29 (2024): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13167/2024.29.4.
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The present study investigates the optimization of geopolymer concrete mixes with the addition of metakaolin and ground granular blast-furnace slag as binding agents, ensuring a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional concrete. In this study, different proportions of the input parameters, such as the molarity of sodium hydroxide, ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide, and ratio of fixed alkali activator to binder have been considered. Attributes such as compressive strength, ultra-sonic pulse velocity, electricity resistance, mass loss, and strength variation due to acid attack for six geopolymer concrete mixes have been evaluated at different ambient curing periods. In addition, the mathematical relationship, i.e., linear regression, between these properties was also evaluated. The results show that a sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio of 1,8; n sodium-hydroxide molarity of 14, and an alkali activator to binder ratio of 0,45 demonstrated the highest strength (43,3 MPa), electrical resistivity (35,1 K.Ohm.cm), and pulse velocity (4,2 km/s) with the minimal effect of H2SO4 solution on mass (1,2 %) and strength (5,8 %). Additionally, statistical analysis indicated a strong relationship of compressive strength with other properties, which improved as the curing days extended from 28 (Avg. R2=0,68) to 56 (Avg. R2=0,74) days. The outcomes of the study are expected to contribute to the advancement of sustainable construction by providing relevant data regarding material selection, ensuring quality, and optimizing geopolymer concrete production with metakaolin and ground granular blast-furnace slag.
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Reddy, Peddireddy Sreekanth, M. Venu, and Narala Gangadhara Reddy. "Mechanical and sustainability assessments of cement-free GGBS-based Geopolymer concrete exposed to elevated temperatures." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 19 (2024): 2839–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctae253.
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Abstract The current study investigates the mechanical properties of ground granular blast furnace slag (GGBS)-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) by subjecting the specimens to compressive strength and nondestructive test by exposing them to elevated temperatures. The test results revealed that the maximum compressive strength is measured as 59.7 N/mm2 with an optimum content of 7 M alkali solution and 28-day curing period. With increased heat regime, the compressive strength and nondestructive test values decreased. By adopting optimum GGBS-based GPC, the cost of construction and greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by 48% and 13%, respectively. Compared to conventional concrete, embodied energy is on the higher side due to alkali activators.
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Woeffel, Anderson Buss, and Matheus Laureth Batista. "ESTUDO DE VIABILIDADE TÉCNICA DA APLICAÇÃO DA ESCÓRIA GRANULADA DE ALTO-FORNO EM SUBSTITUIÇÃO AO AGREGADO MIÚDO NA COMPOSIÇÃO DO CONCRETO." Revista Científica Faesa 17, no. 2 (2021): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5008/1809.7367.198.
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The macro sector of the civil construction industry is a major consumer of natural resources and it generates impacts, identified as social, environmental or economic, and it is necessary to develop studies that aim to rationalize this raw materials consumption and reduce the impacts generated. Since some resources used in the sector are finite, this work’s main objective is to make the concrete more ecological by replacing part of the fine aggregate of its composition for granulated slag from the blast furnace, reducing the need for sand extraction. For this study, tests were carried out with the co-product and with the fine aggregate, evaluating the properties of the concrete in the fresh and hardened states in three mixture types, the first being a reference, the second with 30% replacement and the third with 60% replacement of fine aggregate with slag. Based on the results obtained, it is noted that the granulated blast furnace slag has more similar characteristics to the sand’s; in the fresh state, the concrete showed a similar result in the three mix types; in the hardened state, it was observed that the performance of the concrete in axial compression was satisfactory; while in flexion traction the two proposed mixtures with substitution presented an unsatisfactory result.
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Miera, Patrycja. "Air Content in Fresh Air-Entraining Cement Mortars." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 3 (2021): 032016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032016.
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Abstract The durability of a cement composite is the most important criterion for assessing this material. However, due to the durability of the cement composite, its frost resistance is an important property. In order to ensure concrete frost resistance, the European standard PN-EN 206-1: 2013 requires its aeration at the level of 4 - 7%. The Committee 201 of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) also requires the use of an air-entraining admixture in concretes exposed to frost damage. The amount of air-entraining admixture is significantly influenced by the composition of the cement used. In order to minimize the problems with obtaining frostresistant concrete, an attempt was made to create air-entraining cements. This article presents the effect of the amount and type of dosing of air-entraining admixtures (natural and synthetic) on the air content in fresh air-entraining cement mortars. The test cements used also differed in the production method: joint mixing of components and joint grinding of components. Based on the research, a lot of valuable information was obtained related to the influence of the preparation of air-entraining cements on the air content in the mortar, e.g. mortars with mixed cement with natural air-entraining admixture have a higher air content. The air content is higher in the cement co-ground with natural air-entraining admixture. A synthetic air entraining admixture added separately to mixed cements with silica fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag increases air entrainment in mortars. The synthetic air-entraining admixture added separately to co-milled cements causes an increase in air entrainment in the mortars, except for those containing cement with ground granular blast furnace slag.
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Lv, Zhi Jiang, Zong Shou Lin, Ya Han, and Hao Jie Wang. "Influence of Additve on Over-Sulfur Phosphogypsum-Ground Granulate Blast-Furnace Slag Cement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 1431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.1431.
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The effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and polycarboxylate superplasticizer amount on over-sulfur phosphogypsum–ground granulate blast-furnace slag cement was investigated. The mechanical performances and hydration mechanism of the cement with different proportions of NaOH and polycarboxylate superplasticizer (BASF) were analyzed based on setting time, the additive quantity of water, strength test, XRD and SEM analyses. The results showed that the polycarboxylate superplasticizer, can increase the densification and the strength of the cement ,to improve the performance of the cement anti-carbonation properties. NaOH as an alkali activator significantly reduces the cement setting time and improves the cement early strength. But the acceleration of hydration process produces coarse crystalline hydration products and the osteoporosis structure of hardened paste, which has a negative effect on long term strength.
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Lv, Zhi Jiang, Zong Shou Lin, and Hao Jie Wang. "Effect of Phosphogypsum on the Properties of Over-Sulfur Phosphogypsum–Ground Granulate Blast-Furnace Slag Cement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1453.
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Over-sulfur phosphogypsum(PG)–ground granulate blast-furnace slag(GGBFS) cement paste is utilized by GGBFS, Portland cement clinker(PCC), additive, water and modificated phosphogypsum paste(MPG), produced by milling PG mixed with a certain proportion of steel slag(SS), GGBFS and water. The effect of PG on the properties of over-sulfur PG– GGBFS cement was investigated. The mechanical performances and hydration mechanism of the cement with different kinds, proportions and particle size of PG were analyzed based on setting time, volume stability, strength test, XRD and SEM analyses. The experimental results show that,the optimum mixture of PG amount in the binder was 45%. Overdose of PG may caused strength deterioration. The optimum grinding time of MPG in the binder was 20min. The soluble phosphorus content of PG in the binder was under 0.05%.
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Nabil, Guerbas, Adem Ait Mohamed Amer, Adjoudj M’hamed, and Ezziane Karim. "The impact of supplementary cementitious materials on the rheological and mechanical properties of mortars based on quarry waste sand." STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND EXACT SCIENCES 5, no. 1 (2024): 770–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54021/seesv5n1-042.
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Mineral substances used as additives in cement plants or as additives in the making of concrete contribute through their physical, hydraulic, and pozzolanic activity to improving the behavior of cements in both the fresh and hardened states. Several types of additions are well known, such as natural pozzolans, fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume. These products become more active in the alkaline solutions of cement and give rise to new hydrates that impart greater mechanical strength and better durability to concretes. Through their surface activity and granular distribution, they play a fundamental role in the rheological and mechanical behavior of mortars and concretes. Quarry waste sand (QWS) is generally stockpiled to be eventually sold at very low prices. For this reason, its use in the production of concrete and mortar is increasingly becoming a necessity to protect the environment and meet the needs of the construction and public works sector.This study aims to investigate the effect of using both supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) and quarry waste sand(QWS) to improve some properties of mortar. Ordinary cement is replaced by 10%, 20% and 30% of silica fume (SF), natural pozzolan (NP) or ground blast-furnace slag (GBFS) by weight and the properties of the QWS sand -based mortar are compared to those of natural sand (NS) based mortar. In this study, the slump, superplasticizer requirement, rheological parameters, mechanical strength, and water absorption are investigated. The results obtained show that QWS sand mix has the best workability and requires less superplasticizer dosage. When SCM were used, a drop-in workability is shown and more superplasticizer is required. Also, QWS sand makes the mortar strength 2 and 1.5 times higher than that of NS and becomes 42% higher with 10% SF. Adequate relationships have been established to predict mechanical strengths as a function of test parameters with high correlation coefficient and low root mean square error.
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Eti, tirumala Chakrapani, M. N. Kashyap A, Anjaneyulu G, and R. Manikanta M. "Durability Experiences on the Traditional and SCM Founded Blended Concrete." Indian Journal of Advanced Chemistry (IJAC) 1, no. 2 (2021): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijac.B2005.101221.
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Concrete might be the maximum substantially used construction material in the global with approximately six billion tones being produced each year. It is best subsequent to water in phrases of in keeping with-capita consumption. However, environmental sustainability is at stake both in terms of damage due to the extraction of raw material and CO2 emission all through cement manufacture. This brought pressures on researchers for the discount of cement intake by means of partial substitute of cement by using supplementary materials. These materials may be obviously happening, industrial wastes or by way of-products that are less energy extensive. Fly ash and Ground Granulated Burnt Slag (GGBS) are selected specifically based totally on the standards of fee and their long lasting qualities., Not best this, Environmental pollution also can be decreased to a point due to the fact the emission of dangerous gases like carbon monoxide & carbon dioxide are very restricted. These substances (referred to as pozzalonas) when combined with calcium hydroxide, reveals cementitious compositions. Most commonly used pozzalonas are fly ash, silica fume, met kaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). This wishes to look at the admixtures performance whilst combined with concrete so as to ensure a discounted existence cycle fee. The present research consists of three phases and reports the specializes in investigating characteristics of M35grade concrete .In the 1st phase the behavior of standard and SCM concrete (7.5%FA and 7.5%GGBS) of M35 grade specimens with different percentages of chemical admixtures curing with acids such as HCL. 2nd phase the same grade of specimens curing with Alkaline such as NaOH and in the 3rd phase the same grade of specimens curing with sulphate solution MgSO4 and finally assess the losses of mechanical properties and durability considerations of the concrete due to these conditions were reported.
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Kaplan, Cebrail, Behçet Dündar, and Emriye Çınar Resuloğulları. "An experimental study on the sulfuric acid resistance of mineral additive mortars." Emerging Materials Research 12, no. 4 (2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.23.00001.
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Mineral additives are preferred to improve the physical, mechanical and durability properties of cement-based composites and to reduce the use of cement in order to prevent environmental pollution and high production costs. Within the scope of this study, a new pozzolanic material, Ground Profillite Powder (GPP), was evaluated by comparing it with Granular Ground Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS), and it was used as a substitution with cement at rates of 5%, 10% and 15% by weight. The effects of these two mineral additives on the mechanical and physical properties of mortars and their resistance to Sulfuric Acid (SA) were investigated. In the production of the mortar samples, CEM I 42.5/R type Portland Cement (OPC) was used as the binder, and 0-4 mm crushed sand was used as the aggregate. Mineral additive and non-additive mortars produced in the laboratory environment in dimensions of 40x40x160 mm; spreading values, bending and compressive strengths, water absorption and porosity values and weight and strength loss values under the effect of SA were examined comparatively. It was determined that the mortar samples produced using GPP showed higher resistance to SA attacks than the pure and GGBFS added mortars, reducing weight losses up to 21% and compressive strength losses up to 30%.
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Rasheed, Sajjad E., Waqed H. Hassan, and Mohammed Y. Fattah. "Mechanical Properties of Sustainable Base Course Binder Incorporating GGBFS and Spent FCC Catalyst." Civil Engineering Journal 11, no. 3 (2025): 1034–49. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2025-011-03-012.
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This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst as partial cement replacements in pavement base course materials. Various blends of GGBFS and FCC catalyst were evaluated as binders for unbound granular base (UGB) material, with total binder content fixed at 10% by weight. Mechanical properties were assessed through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and splitting tensile strength tests at 3, 7, 28, and 56 days. Microstructural analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results indicate that an optimal blend of 60% FCC and 40% GGBS achieved the highest UCS of 9.6 MPa at 56 days, exceeding typical requirements for cement-treated base materials. All investigated mix proportions surpassed the minimum 28-day strength requirement of 4 MPa for pavement base applications. Splitting tensile strength results corroborated compressive strength trends, with enhanced tensile-to-compressive strength ratios suggesting improved crack resistance potential. Microstructural analysis revealed a dense, well-reacted cementitious system supporting the observed mechanical performance. These findings demonstrate the technical feasibility and potential environmental benefits of incorporating high volumes of GGBS and spent FCC catalyst in pavement base materials, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional cement-based binders. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-03-012 Full Text: PDF
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ground granular based blast furnace slag"
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Photisan, Methawee Sriwattanapong [Verfasser]. "Influence of Calcium Aluminate Cement and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on the Synthesis of Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Mortars / Methawee Sriwattanapong Photisan." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155438795/34.
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Kirca, Onder. "Temperature Effect On Calcium Aluminate Cement Based Composite Binders." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607454/index.pdf.
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In calcium aluminate cement (CAC) systems the hydration process is different than portland cement (PC) systems. The hydration products of CAC are subjected to conversion depending on temperature, moisture, water-cement ratio, cement content, etc. Consequently, strength of CAC system can be seriously reduced. However, presence of other inorganic binders or additives may alter the hydration process and improve various properties of CAC based composites.
The objective of this study is to investigate the temperature effect on the behaviour of CAC based composite binders. Throughout this research, several combinations of CAC-PC, CAC-gypsum, CAC-lime, CAC-ground granulated blast furnace slag (CAC-GGBFS) were studied. These CAC based composite binders were subjected to seven different curing regimes and their strength developments were investigated up to 210 days. In addition, the mechanism of strength development was examined by XRD analyses performed at 28 and 210 days. Finally, some empirical relationships between strength-time-curing temperatures were formulated.
Experimental results revealed that the increase in ambient temperature resulted in an increase in the rate of conversion, thereby causing drastic strength reduction, particularly in pure CAC mix. It has been observed that inclusion of small amount of PC, lime, and gypsum in CAC did not induce conversion-free CAC binary systems, rather they resulted in faster conversion by enabling rapid formation of stable C3AH6 instead of metastable, high strength inducing CAH10 and C2AH8. On the other hand, in CAC-GGBFS mixes, the formation of stable straetlingite (C2ASH8) instead of calcium aluminate hydrates hindered the conversion reactions. Therefore, CAC-GGBFS mixes, where GGBFS ratio was over 40%, did not exhibit strength loss due to conversion reactions that occurred in pure CAC systems.
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Gutsalenko, Tetiana. "Solidification/Stabilization of harbor sediments using GGBS-based hydraulic binders." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST058.
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L’accumulation des sédiments sur les littoraux se créée à partir des processus physiques, chimiques et biologiques. Les activités anthropiques participent fortement à l’augmentation du taux de sédimentation. Elles sont également une source de contaminants chimiques notamment des métaux lourds qui sont un risque pour l’environnement aquatique et la santé publique. Afin de dégager les voies de navigation, des opérations régulières de dragage dans les grands ports industriels sont réalisées et produisent autour de 100-200 millions m3/an de déblais de dragage contaminés. Il peut donc être nécessaire de traiter ces sédiments, notamment par Solidification/Stabilisation (S/S).L’étude actuelle s’intéresse plus particulièrement à la valorisation de sédiments provenant de Dublin (Irlande) pour une réutilisation potentielle comme matériaux de remplissage dans le cadre du projet du bassin d’Alexandra (PBA). Les sédiments contaminés en métaux lourds, doivent être stabilisés par la technologie de S/S au moyen d’un liant hydraulique. Cette recherche propose l’utilisation du laitier de haut-fourneau (LHF) comme agent liant alternatif au ciment Portland largement utilisé. L’objectif de cette étude est donc de développer un liant à base de LHF pour fournir un comportement mécanique requis pour une utilisation ultérieure du nouveau matériau en s’intéressant à comprendre les mécanismes ayant un rôle dans la solidification du sédiment traité mais également la stabilisation des métaux lourds.Les sédiments traités par liants hydrauliques à base de LHF ont fait l’objet d’un suivi de la résistance à la compression en comparaison à des sédiments traités par liant à base d’OPC. Le traitement au LHF activé par une petite quantité d’OPC a démontré une augmentation significative de la résistance au fil du temps, tandis que celle du traitement à l’OPC a montré une dégradation des propriétés mécaniques. Dans le but d’expliquer les résultats obtenus, des études de suivi de la formation des hydrates, de retrait et de microstructure ont été menées. En outre, les interactions avec les différents liants de la fraction argileuse, de la matière organique et des métaux lourds, qui constituent les sédiments de Dublin étudiés, ont été évaluées séparément et au moyen de milieux simplifiés. La thèse met en évidence par l’étude de l’impact de la fraction argileuse que le phénomène de dispersion/floculation est un des principaux mécanismes responsables de l’évolution des propriétés mécaniques du sédiment traité. L’étude des interactions entre la matière organique avec les liants montre une dégradation de certains composés organiques au cours de temps et ce d’autant plus avec l’OPC. Enfin, certains métaux lourds impactent par un retard ou une accélération significative de l’hydratation des liants considérés.La mobilité des métaux lourds du sédiment de Dublin après le traitement S/S a été examiné en utilisant un test de lixiviation standardisé. L’augmentation de la proportion de LHF induit une diminution de la quantité de métaux lourds lixiviés. En effet, l’analyse par extraction séquentielle a permis de suivre la distribution des métaux lourds parmi les principales fractions de sédiments avant et après traitement. L’emploi de LHF permet une réduction de la migration des métaux dans la fraction la moins stable après le traitement S/S. Dans le but d’explorer les mécanismes de stabilisation, en particulier les changements dans l’environnement chimique des métaux lourds (état d’oxydation/numéro de coordination etc.), la spectroscopie d’absorption aux rayons X s’est avérée être une technique pertinente. Ainsi, il a été observé que l'environnement chimique du Cu et du Zn n'a pas été modifié dans le cas des liants à forte teneur en LHF<br>The accumulation of sediment particles in coastal areas arises from physical, chemical, and biological processes. Anthropogenic activities dramatically increase the sedimentation rate. Sediments may contain chemical contaminants including heavy metals (HM) and are consequently a risk to the aquatic environment and human health. Regular dredging of important shipping lanes in large industrial ports is required and this produces around 100-200 million m3 of contaminated dredged material per year. Therefore, proper treatment of the contaminated sediments is necessary, with Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) remediation technology at the forefront.The current study is specifically interested in the treatment of sediment originating in the Dublin Port for its potential reuse as a fill material for the Alexandra Basin Redevelopment Project. The sediment is contaminated with heavy metals and must be stabilized by S/S technology using a hydraulic binder. This research proposes the use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as an alternative binding agent to the widely used Portland cement. The objective of this study is therefore to develop an appropriate GGBS-based binder to provide the required engineering properties for further reuse of the newly formed solidified material by focusing on understanding the mechanisms having a role in the solidification of the treated sediment, but also in the stabilization of heavy metals.The compressive strength of the range of GGBS-based formulations was assessed with the UCS test and compared to the OPC-based treatment. GGBS activated by a small amount of Portland cement demonstrated a considerable increase in strength over time while that of only OPC showed a degradation of mechanical properties. To explain the obtained results, XRD, shrinkage, and microstructure investigations were conducted. In addition, the interaction of the binders with the clay fraction, organic matter, and trace metals, which were found in the studied Dublin sediments, was assessed separately through simplified models. The study of the clay fraction highlights that the phenomenon of dispersion/flocculation is one of the main mechanisms responsible for the evolution of the mechanical properties of the treated sediment. The findings from the organic matter study show a decrease of the content of some organic compounds over time, with the greatest impact observed via treatment with Portland cement. Moreover, certain heavy metals have an impact by delaying or significantly accelerating the hydration of the considered binders.The mobility of heavy metals in the treated Dublin sediment was examined using a standard leaching test. It was found that with an increase in the proportion of GGBS, the amount of leached HM decreased. Moreover, sequential extraction analysis was shown to be effective in studying the distribution of trace metals among the main sediment fractions before and after treatment. The use of GGBS as a stabilizing agent allows a decrease of the migration of heavy metals into the less stable fraction after S/S treatment. X-ray Adsorption Spectroscopy (XAS) was demonstrated to be a useful technique to explore the stabilization mechanisms, in particular changes in the chemical environment of HM (oxidation state, coordination number, etc.). It was observed that the chemical environment of Cu and Zn was not modified in the case of binders with high GGBS content
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GAO, YI-SYUAN, and 高一瑄. "Evaluations of Geopolymeric-Based Pervious Concrete containing Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q5c398.
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碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>土木工程與防災科技研究所<br>104<br>In recent years, the gradual rise of domestic environmental awareness, we actively looking for alternative natural resources and promote the recycling of waste, in order to achieve sustainable development of resources, and Basic Oxygen Furnace slag steelmaking process as a byproduct produced in the. In urban areas, concrete and asphalt surface is extensive use of concrete and asphalt lack of permeability, resulting in urban heat island effect and can reduce the temperature of porous concrete. In this study, using basic oxygen furnace slag resourced on pervious concrete, ground granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer in replacing cement, exploring the properties to reuse resources. Two kinds of aggregate particle size basic oxygen furnace slag respectively 4.75-9.5mm and 9.5-19mm; liquid to solid ratio of 0.5, 0.6, and three kinds pore filling pulp percentage is 40%, 50%, 60%. Respectively, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting strength and other mechanical testing and communicating porosity, permeability coefficient test, British Pendulum Number, discussion basic oxygen furnace slag and ground granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer pervious concrete on engineering properties. The results showed that the ratio of permeability coefficient are between 4.45-8.04 cm/sec, in accordance with Construction and Planning Agency Ministry of the interior for permeability coefficient (permeable paving is greater than 10-2 cm/sec). Unit weight are between 2206-2326 kg/m3, the compressive strength are between 3.24-9.24 MPa, the flexural strength are between 0.39-1.75 MPa, the splitting strength are between 0.47-2.83 MPa and BPN are between75.31-94.11. From the experimental results, the ground granulated blast furnace slag based and basic oxygen furnace slag geopolymer pervious concrete along of pore filling pulp percentage is higher, compressive, flexural, splitting strength is also higher and the lower the water permeability coefficient. Engineering properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag based and basic oxygen furnace slag geopolymer pervious concrete will as liquid-solid ratio, particle size, pore filling pulp percentage affected.
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Liu, Ming-Yao, and 劉明曜. "Bonding Behavior of Repair Material using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Based Geopolymer." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/za6x43.
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碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>土木工程與防災科技研究所<br>105<br>Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag(GGBFS) and fly ash geopolymer containing high content of calcium reaction products, a large number of hydrated calcium silicate and calcium hydrosilicate calcium silicate, these products and geopolymer colloid filled with a large number of pores, the structure is more compact, because of its High strength, high density and other characteristics, so the GGBFS-based geopolymer can be used as a binder, but also as a sealing layer, used to repair the material stable structure is more effective. In this study, the GGBFS-based geopolymer was designed as the concrete repair material. The cemented material was mainly composed of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and the liquid-solid ratio was 0.4 and 0.5, Shear strength, splitting strength and flexural strength of the specimen. The damage mode and microstructure of the specimen were investigated by the method of injection and scanning. It was found that the repair strength decreased with the increase of liquid-solid ratio. The results show that the fly ash substitution is better than 10%, and the damage behavior of the GGBFS-based geopolymer repair material is similar to that of the Portland concrete by the AE monitoring splitting test. The results show that the concrete And the GGBFS-based geopolymer repair material between the interface transition zone for the hydration products, in the dense interface will enhance the bond strength. The non-shrinkage cement mortar repair materials commonly used in the GGBFS-based geopolymer discussed by this study are more effective.
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Djayaprabha, Herry Suryadi, and 葉鏹元. "Influence of Calcined Dolomite on Engineering Properties and Durability of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Based Cementitious Materials." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/996d6z.
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博士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>營建工程系<br>106<br>This study explored the advantages of calcined dolomite powder being used for producing clinkerless ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS/slag) based cementitious material. The natural dolomite powder burned at a complete decarbonation temperature (about 900°C) is referred to calcined dolomite. Some earth oxide minerals (e.g. CaO and MgO) which were decomposed from dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) through calcination process can use as an economical alternative activator, when compared with the strong alkaline activator solution. The hydration mechanism of the calcined dolomite-activated slag (slag-dolomite) is the dissolution of calcined dolomite which involved reaction of CaO with H2O to form Ca(OH)2. The hydration of CaO rises the heat and accelerates the dissolution of the active SiO2 in the slag and produces calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel.
In this study, the optimum dosage of calcined dolomite for activating slag was explored with the respect to the compressive strength development of slag-dolomite binder at different amounts from 0 to 40 wt% (weight percentage). The optimum mixture was found at the amount of 80 wt% GGBFS and 20 wt% calcined dolomite. The optimum 28-day compressive strength of calcined dolomite-activated slag (slag-dolomite) binder and mortar reached approximately 30.7 MPa. While those of slag-dolomite concrete with calcined dolomite amount of 20 wt% reached 35.8 MPa which satisfied the design strength requirement for structural concrete as specified by ACI 318 code. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests indicated the hydration product of slag-dolomite binder were the C-S-H, Ca(OH)2, SiO2, CaCO3, and Ca0.936Mg0.064CO3, together with the appearance of SiO2 in the specimen with the calcined dolomite amount of 20 wt% and more.
The dynamic elastic moduli of slag-dolomite binder, mortar, and concrete were examined by means of non-destructive impulse excitation technique (IET). It was found that the 28-day dynamic Young’s and shear moduli of the hardened slag-dolomite mixture with calcined dolomite dosage of 20 wt% were 13.51 and 5.35 GPa for the binder, 29.01 and 12.15 GPa for the mortar, 33.95 and 13.67 GPa for the concrete, respectively. The stress-strain curves of slag-dolomite concrete fit well with the prediction of stress-strain relationship model for ordinary Portland cement concrete.
The thermal properties of slag-dolomite binder were investigated by thermal conductivity test. The addition of calcined dolomite has an apparent effect on increasing the thermal conductivity of hardened binder specimen at 28 days by about 7.03, 12.79, 22.41, and 28.77% with the added amount of calcined dolomite of 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%, as comparing with those of pure slag binder. The heat transference of fire through slag-dolomite binder specimens was investigated by measuring the reverse-side temperature, which was visualized by the temperature contour of thermal images. The test exhibited that after a 25 mm thick of slag-dolomite binder specimens exposed to 1000 ± 100°C flame for 30 min, the measured reverse-side temperature reached approximately in the range of 93 to 101°C. The resistance of slag-dolomite mortar specimens under elevated temperatures was investigated by evaluating the residual compressive strength. The obtained results showed that heating slag-dolomite mortar specimens to 300ºC resulted in a noticeable increase in the compressive strength of all slag-dolomite mortar mixtures comparing with the original strength. The loss of compressive strength was observed after being exposed to an elevated temperature of 600ºC, due to the calcium hydroxide crystal decomposed back to calcium oxide and water, which was proved by XRD investigation. However, the slag-dolomite mortar still can maintain the original compressive strength by 64.2, 61.4, 59.0, and 61.3% for the amount of calcined dolomite from 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%.
Book chapters on the topic "Ground granular based blast furnace slag"
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Lianasari, Angelina Eva, Desi Maryani, Naomi Natasia Sibarani, and Muhammad Syaiful Anam. "Mechanical Properties of Ground Granulate Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)-Based Geopolymer Concrete Under Varying Dry Curing Duration and Temperature." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-2143-9_10.
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Khanday, Suhail Ahmad, Monowar Hussain, and Amit Kumar Das. "Ground-Granulated Blast Furnace Slag-Based Geopolymer-Treated Fibrous Peat." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4055-2_32.
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Kumar, B. Sumanth. "Experimental Investigation on Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag-Based Geopolymer Corbels." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4040-8_45.
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Kumar, Rohit, and Mayengbam Sunil Singh. "Effect of Na2O Content on Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Incorporated Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Pastes." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8341-1_42.
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Sharma, Abhishek, Kanish Kapoor, and Paramveer Singh. "Strength Evaluation of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Mortar by Using Ground-Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Ordinary Portland Cement." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4731-5_37.
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Mehdizadeh, Hamideh, Mohammad Hajmohammadian Baghban, and Tung-Chai Ling. "Carbonation of Hydrated Blast Furnace Slag Cement Powder: Characterization and Application as a Cement Substitute." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_8.
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AbstractOver the past decades, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) has been extensively used as a replacement for cement in concrete production to mitigate cement carbon emissions. Hence, a substantial portion of the hydrated cement paste discarded at the end of a concrete’s lifespan could contain a certain quantity of GGBS. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using hydrated cement paste containing 30% GGBS (BSCP) in cementitious binders via moisture carbonation treatment. The changes in the microstructure of BSCP before and after carbonation are analyzed using thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The carbonated BSCP (CBSCP) is then used to substitute a part of cement (0%, 15%, and 30% by mass), and the flowability and compressive strength of the blended CBSCP-cement paste are examined at 3, 7, and 28 days. The results show that carbonation can significantly alter the microstructure of BSCP by forming calcium carbonate crystals and consuming a significant amount of calcium hydroxide. Consequently, the inclusion of CBSCP in new cement paste results in a reduction in flowability and enhancement of early-age strength. Overall, it can be concluded that carbonated BSCP can be utilized as an emerging binder up to 30% in cement-based materials, without significantly compromising the later-age strength.
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Hettiarachchi, Dileepa, S. M. Samindi M. K. Samarakoon, Kjell Tore Fosså, Kidane F. Gebremariam, and Mahmoud Khalifeh. "Exploring the Potential Utilization of Silicon Manganese Slag as a Supplementary Cementitious Material for Cement Replacement in Developing Low-Carbon Composite Binders." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_14.
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AbstractThe continuous increase in demand for cement in the construction industry critically contributes directly to the global carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Hence, numerous attempts are being made to reduce CO2 emissions in conjunction with cement production, named as low-carbon cement. This has boosted the enthusiasm for searching for alternatives, specifically supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) that are considered the most environmental and economical friendly method for mitigating CO2 emissions associated with the cement-based construction industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate silicon manganese slag (SiMn slag), a by-product of the metal industry as a sustainable alternative for partial replacements with traditional cement. An experimental investigation was conducted utilizing SiMn slag, primarily focusing on evaluating the compressive strength at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days for both binary and ternary sets of binders, the latter being coupled with ground granulated blast furnace slag. The study has investigated the different replacement levels of cement with SiMn slag up to 90% while maintaining water to binder ratio at 0.35. The microstructure and mineralogical analyses of the prepared hardened binders have been conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify phases, morphological changes, and various reaction products. The results indicate that the investigated binary mixture at 30% and 50% cement replacement levels, as well as the ternary mixture at a 50% cement replacement level, exhibited better compressive strength performances. The study suggests using SiMn slag as a supplementary cementitious material in binary or ternary mixtures, potentially achieving improved compressive strength even with higher levels of cement replacement.
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Duan, W., Y. Zhuge, and Y. Liu. "Effect of Blending Alum Sludge and Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag as Cement Replacement to Mitigate Alkali-Silica Reaction." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_12.
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AbstractThe alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is a severe durability issue in cement-based materials. Although using calcium-rich supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) is beneficial for improving mechanical performance, it can lead to critical ASR-induced damage, primarily when high-reactive aggregates are used. We used alum sludge, a byproduct of drinking water treatment processes, and found it to have high efficiency in mitigating ASR in mortars containing GGBS as cement replacement and waste glass as high-reactive aggregate. The raw alum sludge was calcined for 2 h at 800 ℃ and ground to pass a 75-µm sieve. Ternary blended binders were made by replacing 10, 20 and 30% of cement with the mixture of alum sludge and GGBS (ratio 1:1). The mortar samples exhibited a considerable compressive strength and significant ASR resistance when 30% of cement was replaced with the mixture of alum sludge and GGBS compared with the reference samples. Microstructural characterization using X-ray diffraction, backscattered electron images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that increasing the aluminum content of the alum sludge could prevent the formation of detrimental Ca-rich and low-flowable ASR gels. The hindering effect was attributed to the alkaline binding ability and the extra precipitation of calcium aluminum silicate hydrate phases due to the abundant Al in the binder.
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Qasim, Imran, and Khushpreet Singh. "The Inhibitive Effect of Vitamin-C on the Corrosive Performance of Mild Steel in Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag-Based Concrete." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6557-8_55.
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Davoodabadi, Maliheh, Marco Liebscher, Massimo Sgarzi, et al. "Electrical and Sulfate-Sensing Properties of Alkali-Activated Nanocomposites." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_29.
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AbstractWe investigated the formation of the conductive network of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in alkali-activated nanocomposites for sulfate-sensing applications. The matrix was a one-part blend of fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, activated by sodium silicate and water. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate was used as the surfactant for dispersion of the CNTs in the aqueous media. The nanocomposites were investigated by a laboratory-developed setup to study the electrical and sensing properties of the alkali-activated material. The electrical properties (i.e., conductivity) were calculated and assessed to discover the percolation threshold of the nanocomposites. Furthermore, the sensing behavior of nanocomposites was studied upon sulfate ($${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$$ SO 4 2 - ) exposure by introduction of sulfuric acid ($$({\mathrm{H}}_{2}{\mathrm{SO}}_{4})$$ ( H 2 SO 4 ) ) and magnesium sulfate ($${\mathrm{MgSO}}_{4}$$ MgSO 4 ). The sensors were able to preliminarily exhibit a signal difference based on the introduced media ($${\mathrm{H}}_{2}{\mathrm{SO}}_{4} \&\mathrm{ Mg}{\mathrm{SO}}_{4}$$ H 2 SO 4 & Mg SO 4 ), CNT content and $${\mathrm{H}}_{2}{\mathrm{SO}}_{4}$$ H 2 SO 4 volumetric quantity. The results of this research demonstrated a sensing potential of CNT alkali-activated nanocomposites and can be applied in the concrete structural health monitoring.
Conference papers on the topic "Ground granular based blast furnace slag"
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Ali, Sameer, and Rana Muhammad Waqas. "Effect of Bentonite & Polypropylene Fibres on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Geopolymer Concrete with Slag and Alkali Solution." In Technology Enabled Civil Infrastructure Engineering & Management Conference. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-sua4eq.
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The construction industry significantly contributes to global CO2 emissions and environmental impact, mainly due to concrete usage, which consumes vast resources and energy while emitting CO2. Researchers are exploring alternatives such as geopolymer concrete (GPC), formed without traditional cement but through alkaline activation of industrial by-products like fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, bentonite, and metakaolin clay. This study evaluates the effects of incorporating bentonite and polypropylene (PP) fibers on the workability and strength properties of GPC based on slag. Bentonite substituted 10% of slag, and PP fibers were added at varying ratios (0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%). Both untreated and heat-treated bentonite, heated up to 200°C, were used. Workability was assessed using a slump cone, while mechanical properties, including compressive, split-tensile, and flexural strength, were analyzed. Notably, heat-treated bentonite and PP fibers exhibited significant enhancement in the mechanical properties of the GPC mixes.
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Kashani, Alireza, John L. Provis, and Jannie S. J. van Deventer. "Effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag particle size distribution on paste rheology: A preliminary model." In POWDERS AND GRAINS 2013: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Micromechanics of Granular Media. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812126.
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Boel, Veerle, and Leo Van Cauter. "Parameter Study of Metakaolin/ Blast Furnace Slag-Based Alkali-Activated Materials." In Non-Traditional Cement and Concrete 2023 conference. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ojy0jf.
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In this paper, more than 20 mixtures of metakaolin/blast furnace slag alkali-activated mortar mixtures with a maximum grain size of 2.5 mm are investigated. Parameters varied include mixing procedure, curing conditions of which the most used procedure is sealed curing at 70°C for 7 days, granular skeleton, water-to-solid ratio (0.35 to 0.60), metakaolin content (30 to 100%), and type of alkaline activator (sodium silicate solution or potassium silicate solution). The mix design is based on chemical calculations based on the oxide composition of the precursors and activators. Fresh material properties i.e. initial and final setting time, and workability are measured for part of the mixtures. Mechanical tests have been performed on mortar size prisms in order to determine the compressive and flexural tensile strength of all mixtures. The range of compressive strength varies in between 50 and 142 MPa. Based on the results Feret’s law seems to be valid for alkali-activated materials as well.
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"Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag Based Cementing Materials Activated with Alkaline Waste Water." In "SP-221: Eighth CANMET/ACI International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete". American Concrete Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/13287.
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Azam, Mohd Farooq, Shrihari Saduwale, Srinivasa Reddy Vempada, and Meduri Venkata Seshagiri Rao. "Metakaolin based ternary blended self-compacting concrete: Ground granulated blast furnace slag as partial fine aggregate replacement." In 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING ASPECTS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY – 2023 (5ICMED2023). AIP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0261824.
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Arunachalam, Suresh Kumar, Arunkumar Kadarkarai, Jarin Thankaswamy, et al. "Effect of silica fume on rheological, mechanical and durability properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer concrete." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (RIST2022). AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0196241.
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Campbell, Catherine, Gareth Jackson, Mohammed Sonebi, and Su Taylor. "Effect of the Treatments of the Surface on Mechanical Performance of Concrete Containing Chemical Admixtures." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.766.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate two different concrete mixes, one with Limestone Powder (LSP) and the other with Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBS), both mixes containing superplasticizer, in order to analyse their compressive strengths at 7 and 28 days, their abrasion resistance and slip resistance. The two mixes are treated with two different surface protection finishers, applied on the surface after the concrete has cured and analysis of how these finishers affect the abrasion resistance and slip resistance of the concrete is discussed.
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Solanki, Pranshoo, and Guang Jin. "INVESTIGATION OF WASTE GLASS-BASED SODIUM SILICATE ACTIVATOR COMBINED WITH INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS IN GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE." In Sixth International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies. Coventry University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/2024/scmt/122.
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The primary goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of making geopolymer concrete (GeoPC) using waste glass-based sodium silicate activator combined with industrial by-products namely, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and quarry by-product (QB), as precursors. A total of 24 GeoPC mixtures containing different percentage of SiO2% in alkali activated waste glass-based activator or commercial waterglass (CWG) activator with different concentrations of Na2O% and precursor were prepared. Selected GeoPC specimens were ambient air cured and tested for compressive strength after 1, 7 and 28 days. Some specimens were heat cured in an oven and then tested for compressive strength for comparison. The compressive strength of GeoPC specimens was found to depend on moduli (SiO2/Na2O) ratio of activator, curing temperature and duration.
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K., Akash, Akshay V. Nair, Govind R., Mohammed Shameem U., Sai Krishnan S., and Shalu R. F. "ENHANCING WATER ABSORPTION AND SHRINKAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE-HUSK ASH BASED GEOPOLYMER MORTAR." In Second International Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.179.28.
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Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is a binding agent in concrete production. Despite the advantages OPC offers, its environmental impact cannot be overlooked. Cement production contributes to over 11% of global carbon emissions and plays a significant role in climate change. Geopolymer, which involves the alkali activation of alumino-silicate materials, is an alternative to OPC. Rice Husk Ash (RHA), obtained by burning rice husks, has gained attention as a sustainable material that can partially replace geopolymers. This study aims to create a geopolymer mortar mix incorporating Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and RHA as binders and optimise selected mixes' water absorption and shrinkage characteristics. The alkali activation of this binder leads to increased strength and durability characteristics. The study employs various tests to determine the optimum percentage of RHA to be used as a substitute. Shrinkage characteristics of selected mixes were studied and improved by incorporating Graphene Oxide (GO).
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Mohamad, Abdelrahman, Fouzia Khadraoui, Nassim Sebaibi, Mohamed Boutouil, and Daniel Chateigner. "Water Sensitivity of Hemp-Foam Concrete." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.135.
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The necessity to build energy-efficient and low environmental impact buildings favors the development of biobased light-weight materials as hemp-foam concretes. In this context, experimental protocols were developed to study the effects of hemp shiv and the production methods on the water sensitivity of bio-based foamed concrete (BBFC). Foam concrete incorporates several materials and compounds: cement, protein-based foaming agent, ground granulated blast–furnace slag, metakaolin as a binder, and hemp shiv as bio-based aggregates. The study investigated first the effect of the incorporation of hemp shiv (from 0 to 15 vol%) and then the elaboration method, comparing direct method versus preformed method on the resulting physical properties, the isotherms sorption-desorption and the capillary water absorption of hemp-foam concretes. We observe an increasing porosity of the concrete with hemp shives content. Additionally, hemp shives increase the adsorption and the capillary absorption of water. Moreover, the preformed method produces concretes more sensitive to water than the direct methods since it increases its porosities.